Human Growth and Human Growth and DevelopmentDevelopment

HPD 4C Working with School Age Children and Adolescents - HPD 4C Working with School Age Children and Adolescents - Mrs. FilinovMrs. Filinov

Characteristics of Human DevelopmentCharacteristics of Human Development

Development is similar for everyone.Development is similar for everyone.Children go throughChildren go through the same stages in the same order.the same stages in the same order.

Development builds on earlier learning.Development builds on earlier learning.Development follows a step-by-step pattern.Development follows a step-by-step pattern.

Development proceeds at an individual rateDevelopment proceeds at an individual rateThe rate of growth differs from one child to another.The rate of growth differs from one child to another.

The different areas of development are interrelated.The different areas of development are interrelated.Changes in many areas are taking place at the same time.Changes in many areas are taking place at the same time.

Development is continuous throughout life.Development is continuous throughout life.The rate of development changes, but never stops.The rate of development changes, but never stops.

Why study Human DevelopmentWhy study Human Development Enables you to be more empathetic and a better caregiverEnables you to be more empathetic and a better caregiver Helps you recognize what is normal and what situations Helps you recognize what is normal and what situations

may need professional attentionmay need professional attention Helps you develop a better understanding of how you Helps you develop a better understanding of how you

develop into the person you are todaydevelop into the person you are today Helps you make thoughtful choices about your future.Helps you make thoughtful choices about your future.

Reasons for Studying Child DevelopmentReasons for Studying Child Development

To Understand ChildrenTo Understand Children

– Why they act, feel, and think as they do (typical behaviors)Why they act, feel, and think as they do (typical behaviors)

– To understand the importance of caregivers (giving affection, guidance, To understand the importance of caregivers (giving affection, guidance, support, etc.support, etc.

To Gain SkillsTo Gain Skills

– Learn what they need at each stage of developmentLearn what they need at each stage of development

– Opportunities to apply your knowledgeOpportunities to apply your knowledge To Build For The FutureTo Build For The Future

– May help you become a better babysitter, teacher’s aide or playground May help you become a better babysitter, teacher’s aide or playground supervisorsupervisor

– May help you as a parent or in a career related to childrenMay help you as a parent or in a career related to children

– Can help you make decisions about your future careerCan help you make decisions about your future career To Understand YourselfTo Understand Yourself

– Learn more about what makes you the person that you areLearn more about what makes you the person that you are

– Look at how you were as a child and compare it to who you are right Look at how you were as a child and compare it to who you are right now (no one changes completelynow (no one changes completely

The Five Areas of Human The Five Areas of Human Growth and Development Growth and Development

PhysicalPhysical Involves the actual growth of Involves the actual growth of

all body tissue.all body tissue. The other four areas depend The other four areas depend

on physical redness, which is on physical redness, which is achieved as children grow.achieved as children grow.– Fine-motor skills Fine-motor skills – based – based

on growth on small on growth on small musclesmuscles

– Gross- motor skill Gross- motor skill – – based on large musclesbased on large muscles

SocialSocial Progress from self centered Progress from self centered

and dependent infant to and dependent infant to independent adult.independent adult.

Self –confidence, co-Self –confidence, co-operation, and a sense of operation, and a sense of trust are keys to social trust are keys to social developmentdevelopment

Emotional Emotional This is the process of developing positive feelings about oneself, family, This is the process of developing positive feelings about oneself, family,

friends, other individuals, and the world at large.friends, other individuals, and the world at large.Each child seems to be born with a certain temperament, one of three:Each child seems to be born with a certain temperament, one of three:Sensitive – children react intensely to their environment and cry easilySensitive – children react intensely to their environment and cry easily

Placid – children a easy going and more contentPlacid – children a easy going and more contentAggressive – children respond to and interact with their environment Aggressive – children respond to and interact with their environment

more vigorously and are more wakeful as infantsmore vigorously and are more wakeful as infants

MoralMoral Development of sense of right Development of sense of right

and wrongand wrong Described as a conscience, Described as a conscience,

which governs thoughts, which governs thoughts, feelings and behaviors.feelings and behaviors.

Intellectual or CognitiveIntellectual or Cognitive How we learnHow we learn Learning depends on brain growth Learning depends on brain growth

as well as stimulation of the brain as well as stimulation of the brain and central nervous system by and central nervous system by the five senses. the five senses.

Brain development through the Brain development through the earliest years of life is critical to earliest years of life is critical to cognitive development and is cognitive development and is related to every area of human related to every area of human development.development.

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1. In your own words explain what is Human growth and Development 1. In your own words explain what is Human growth and Development

2. Describe and give examples of the five ways in which human beings grown 2. Describe and give examples of the five ways in which human beings grown and developand develop

3.3.Explain why knowledge of human growth and development is valuable for all Explain why knowledge of human growth and development is valuable for all

adults.adults.

Stages in the individual life cycle with the correct age rangeStages in the individual life cycle with the correct age range

PRENATAL Conception

To Birth

INFANTBirth

To 12 months

TODDLER1 to 3 years

PRESCHOOL3 to 6 years

SCHOOLAGE

6 to 12 years

ADOLESCENCE12 to 18 years

YOUNGADULTHOOD19 to 40 years

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD40 to 65 years

LATE ADULTHOOD

65 years and older

THE

INDIVIDUAL

LIFE CYCLE

Influences of heredity and environmentInfluences of heredity and environment

HeredityHeredity is the sum of all the qualities a person inherits is the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth.from his or her parents at birth.– eye color and shapeeye color and shape

EnvironmentEnvironment includes a person’s surroundings and includes a person’s surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human everything in them, including both human and non-human factors. factors. – family and friendsfamily and friends– home and communityhome and community– life experienceslife experiences

Which has the stronger influence?Which has the stronger influence?Heredity or Environment?Heredity or Environment?

Most scientists and philosophers agree Most scientists and philosophers agree that the two work together.that the two work together.

HEREDITY

YOU

ENVIRONMENT

The Role of Nurture in Human The Role of Nurture in Human DevelopmentDevelopment

There are three key elements of nurturing relationships There are three key elements of nurturing relationships identified by early ears experts:identified by early ears experts:

ComfortComfort – – Parents need to acknowledge child’s Parents need to acknowledge child’s discomfort and offer appropriate responses.discomfort and offer appropriate responses.– Example: Gentle rocking and soothing are appropriate for infants, while Example: Gentle rocking and soothing are appropriate for infants, while

calming words may be more appropriate for an older childcalming words may be more appropriate for an older child

PlayPlay – is a form of exercise for the growing body and mind – is a form of exercise for the growing body and mind while providing a way to express emotions, develop social while providing a way to express emotions, develop social abilities, and explore moral thinkingabilities, and explore moral thinking

TeachTeach – provides children with the “how to” accomplish – provides children with the “how to” accomplish important tasks at each developmental stage.important tasks at each developmental stage.

Discuss and ShareDiscuss and Share In your opinion, is one area of growth and development more In your opinion, is one area of growth and development more

important than others? Explain.important than others? Explain.

Which area of development, do you think, is the easiest to identify Which area of development, do you think, is the easiest to identify in children? Explain your reasoning.in children? Explain your reasoning.

Describe a parent-child activity for any age level in which a parent Describe a parent-child activity for any age level in which a parent uses all the comfort, play, and teach elements appropriately for uses all the comfort, play, and teach elements appropriately for the child age level.the child age level.

Observing ChildrenObserving Children

Why Is Observing Children Important?Why Is Observing Children Important? To better understand their developmentTo better understand their development To learn about individual childrenTo learn about individual children To identify children who have special needs or disabilities To identify children who have special needs or disabilities So you can receive feedback about your own approach to parenting or teachingSo you can receive feedback about your own approach to parenting or teaching

Subjective vs. ObjectiveSubjective vs. ObjectiveHow To Observe Young ChildrenHow To Observe Young Children

Subjective – uses personal feelings and opinions rather than factsSubjective – uses personal feelings and opinions rather than facts Objective – Objective – just the factsjust the facts! What the observer saw and heard…nothing ! What the observer saw and heard…nothing

more!more!

– Most research on young children is based on observationMost research on young children is based on observation– Objective is much more valuable than subjectiveObjective is much more valuable than subjective– Subjective is based on false assumptions and may be misleadingSubjective is based on false assumptions and may be misleading

Types of Observation RecordsTypes of Observation Records Running recordRunning record

– Writing down for a set period everything observedWriting down for a set period everything observed

about a particular personabout a particular person Anecdotal RecordAnecdotal Record

– The behavior recorded all has to do with the The behavior recorded all has to do with the

same issue (how a child behaved at lunch, same issue (how a child behaved at lunch,

on the playground, etc.)on the playground, etc.) Frequency CountFrequency Count

– Tally of how often a certain behavior occursTally of how often a certain behavior occurs

– Find a baseline – the count before you try to change the behaviorFind a baseline – the count before you try to change the behavior Developmental ChecklistDevelopmental Checklist

– Identifies skills or behaviors that a child of a Identifies skills or behaviors that a child of a

certain age should master – just check off the certain age should master – just check off the

skills that you observeskills that you observe

As an observer...As an observer...

Avoid being noticedAvoid being noticed

Interpret the informationInterpret the information

Follow the rule of confidentialityFollow the rule of confidentiality