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7/31/2019 HUMAN EXCRETORY AND reproductive system
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HUMAN EXCRETORY
AND REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM Presented By: Navneet Puneet Swaty Shilpa
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p
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EXCRETORY SYSTEM
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THE URINARY SYSTEM
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FUNCTIONS
1. Remove nitrogenous wastes
2. Maintain electrolyte, acid-base,and fluid balance of blood.
3. Homeostatic organ.
4. Acts as blood filter.5. Release hormones: calcitriol &
erythropoietin.
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Organs ofthe Urinary
System
kidneys
ureters
urinarybladder
urethra
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renalcapsule
renalcortex
renalmedulla
renalpelvis
renalpyramids
ureter
KidneyAnatomy
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urine
blood
filtration
tubularreabsorptionand secretion
refreshed blood
GENERALFUNCTIONING
OF THEKIDNEY
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Urinary Bladder
ureters internalsphinctersexternal
sphinctersurethra
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Diseases
Glomerulo nephritis
PyelitisPolyurea
Anurea
Renal calculi
cystitis
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MALE REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM
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External genital organs :- penis containingurethra .
Internal genital organs :-
testes
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
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PENIS
It is the corpulatory organ.
Parts of penis are:
Corpora caverosaCorpora spongiosum
Glans penis
Propuse
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TESTES
Male reproductive organ.Oval in shape
Scrotum forms a bag or pouch for testesTestes are actually suspended in scrotum bymeans of spermatic cords.
Structure:Contains seminiferous tubulesepidydimis
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DUCTUS DEFERENS [VAS DEFERENS]
They are also known as ductus deferens
The vas deferens commences from epidydimisat the upper end of testes.
It leaves the scrotum in the spermatic cord.
From the abdominal cavity, the vas deferensentrs the pelvis and joins with seminal vesical.
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SEMINAL VESICLES
glands posterior to the urinary bladder.
Seminal vesical joins with the terminal portion ofvas deferens and forms the ejaculatory duct.
Function thick secretions which is added to
spermatozoa.
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PROSTATE
Lies below bladder and surrounds the first part ofurethra.
Consists of glands , ducts, and involuntarymuscles.
Secretes fluid which is conveyed to the urethrathrough ducts.
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SEMINAL FLUID OR SEMEN
Semen is the compound secretion of testes , prostateand seminal vesicles.
Acts as a vehicle for spermatozoa and provides nutritionto the spermatozoa.
SPERMATOZOA: produced by seminiferous tubules oftestis.
They are highly motile and their function is to fertilise theovum in the female genital tract.
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Female ReproductiveSystem
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Function of Female ReproductiveSystem
Produce sex hormones.
Produce functioning gamates [ova]
Support & protect developing ofembryo.
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MAJOR ORGANS
Ovaries [ gonads]
Uterine tubes [ fallopian tubes]
UterusVagina
Accessory glands
External genital organsBreasts
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OVARIES
Each ovary is about the size and shape of analmond.
they produce eggs (also called ova) every female is
born with a lifetime supply of eggsthey also produce hormones:
Estrogen & Progesterone
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FALLOPIAN TUBES [UTERINE TUBES]
stretch from the uterus to the ovaries and measure about8 to 13 cm in length.
Parts : uterineampullafumbrial end
Function : fallopian tube acts as a passage for ova fromthe ovary to uterus.The fertilisation of ovamby spermatozoa occurs in fallopian tube.
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uterus
pear-shaped muscular organ in the upper femalereproductive tract.
The fundus is the upper portion of the uterus wherepregnancy occurs.
The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus that connectswith the vagina and serves as a sphincter to keep theuterus closed during pregnancy until it is time to deliver ababy.
the uterus expands considerably during the reproductiveprocess. the organ grows to from 10 to 20 times its normalsize during pregnancy.
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uterus
The main body consists of a firm outer coat of muscle(myometrium) and an inner lining of vascular,glandular material (endometrium).
The endometrium thickens during the menstrualcycle to allow implantation of a fertilized egg.
Pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implantssuccessfully into the endometrial lining. If fertilizationdoes not occur, the endometrium sloughs off and isexpelled as menstrual flow .
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The Vagina
vagin = sheath
a muscular, ridged sheath connecting the external genitals to theuterus.
functions as a two-way street, accepting the penis and sperm during
intercourse and roughly nine months later, serving as the avenue ofbirth through which the new baby enters the world
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Mammary Glands [ breasts]
Present in both sexes - normally only functional in females
Developmentally they are derived from sweat glands
Contained within a rounded skin-covered breast anterior to thepectoral muscles of the thorax
Slightly below center of each breast is a ring of pigmented skin,the areola - this surrounds a central protruding nipple
Internally - they consist of 15 to 25 lobes that radiate around andopen at the nipple
Each lobe is composed of smaller lobules- these contain alveoli
that produce milk when a women is lactatingnon-pregnant women - glandular structure is undeveloped - hencebreast size is largely due to the amount of fat deposits
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menstruation
Destructive phase (menstrual phase)
Follicular phase (proliferative phase)
Luteal phase (secretory phase)
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Menstrual cycle
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Reproductive System Disorders
Male InfertilityBenign Prostatic HypertrophyProstate Cancer
Female InfertilityEndometriosisPelvic Inflammatory DiseaseOvarian Cysts
Cancer Breast Cervical Uterine