HQ AFOATS - Civil Air Patrol · 2017. 11. 23. · outline, and PowerPoint slides. The lesson plans in this instructor guide will help you teach the contents of the AFMAN to your students

HQ AFOATS Air Force Officer Accession and Training Schools

Curriculum Division

AFJROTC Drill and Ceremonies Instructor Guide and Answer Key

Curriculum Division

Dr. Charles J. Nath, III, Director Lieutenant Colonel Charles G. Capps, Deputy Director

Lieutenant Colonel John Kiecana, Chief Junior Curriculum

Produced and Edited by Ms. Naomi Mitchell

Contributing Editors

Ms. DeShana E. Chisolm Mr. Roger Ledbetter

2004

Editorial Assistance by Documentation Specialist

Annie Robinson Betsy Skelton

Textbook Manager Marche Hinson

United States Air Force Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps

Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6106

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

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Preface This instructor guide is designed to assist the aerospace science instructors in the use of the Air Force Manuel 36-2203, Personnel Drill and Ceremonies that serves as our textbook for Drill and Ceremonies. The AFMAN is organized into seven chapters. We have matched the lesson plans to the chapters in the AFMAN. The chapters in the instructor guide contain objectives, samples of behavior, a teaching outline, and PowerPoint slides. The lesson plans in this instructor guide will help you teach the contents of the AFMAN to your students. Also provided for your use is the student workbook answer key which is located in the back of this instructor guide. Air Force Junior ROTC gives the instructor flexibility in planning and conducting courses. Air Force Junior ROTC courses must be presented in a manner that is educationally challenging and academically sound. We encourage you to get your students actively engaged in learning and understanding by involving them in classroom activities and teaching them the drill positions and movements step-by-step. We welcome your comments or suggestions concerning this instructor guide. Please forward them to HQ AFOATS/CRJD, 551 East Maxwell Blvd., Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6106.

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Course Objectives

After successfully completing AFMAN 36-2203: Personnel Drill and Ceremonies, the student will: 1. Know the importance of drill and ceremonies. 2. Know basic commands and characteristics of the command voice. 3. Apply and execute the concepts and principles of basic drill positions and movements. 4. Know when and how to salute. 5. Apply the principles and procedures of drill movements used with smaller units to the movement of a

squadron. 6. Know the function of the group and the wing. 7. Know how groups and wings are formed. 8. Know the purpose and definition of ceremonies and parades.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface ................................................................................................................................ iii Course Objectives .........................................................................................................................iv Chapter 1 Introduction to Drill and Ceremonies .......................................................................1 Chapter 2 Commands and the Command Voice .....................................................................11 Chapter 3 Individual Instruction .............................................................................................21 Chapter 4 Drill of the Flight ....................................................................................................41 Chapter 5 Drill of the Squadron ..............................................................................................67 Chapter 6 Group and Wing Formations ..................................................................................87 Chapter 7 Ceremonies .............................................................................................................97 Student Workbook Answer Key .................................................................................................127

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Drill of the Squadron, Chapter 5

PART I Lesson Title: Drill of the Squadron Instructor: SASI/ASI Teaching Method: Demonstration/Performance Interrelated Information: AFMAN 36-2203 Visual Aids: PowerPoint Slides Student Preparation: None Date of Lesson Development/Last Major Revision: September 2004 Certified by: HQ AFOATS/CR (Dr. Charles Nath III)

PART IA Lesson Objective: Perform drill movements as a squadron. Samples of Behavior: 1. Execute basics drill commands as a squadron. 2. Execute guidon bearer procedures.

PART IB Strategy: Begin lesson by getting the attention of the studentthe students to know about Drill of the Squadron. Explain students and be prepared to demonstrate the movements to shparticular action areas. Break movements down step-by-stunderstanding. Have students perform the movements and students have completed the application portion of the lessoperfect the mechanics of the movement. Close out the class byand reason for performing the movements correctly.

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Drill of the Squadron

• Lesson Objective– Perform drill movements as a squadron.

• Samples of Behavior– Execute basic drill commands as a squadron.

– Execute guidon bearer procedures.

s. The objective of this chapter is for why this material is important to the ow students what they look like with ep to insure proper instruction and provide constructive feedback. After n, they will practice on their own to leaving students with a clear purpose


Lesson Outline: I. The Squadron as a Drill Unit II. Commands III. Forming the Squadron in Line IV. Aligning the Squadron V. Inspecting the Squadron VI. The Squadron in Column VII. Massing the Squadron When in Column at Close Interval VIII. Changing Direction When in Mass Formation IX. Column of Flights From Squadron Mass Formation X. Extended Mass Formation With Flights in Column XI. Dismissing the Squadron XII. The Guidon XIII. Order Guidon XIV. Carry Guidon XV. Executing Order Guidon While at Carry Guidon XVI. Executing Carry Guidon While at Order Guidon XVII. Executing Present Guidon When at Carry or Order Guidon XVIII. Executing Carry Guidon When at present Guidon XIX. Executing Order Guidon When at Present Guidon XX. Individual Salute by Guidon Bearer When not in Formation

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PART II

INTRODUCTION

ATTENTION Gain the student’s attention by again stressing how important it is for them to grasp the information. If you can think of a short story, a scenario, or a question pertaining to the lesson you could share that with the class. MOTIVATION Have the students to know that it is very important that they continue to pay attention and participate in order to perfect the mechanics of the movements. OVERVIEW In this lesson we will talk about the following topics: I. The Squadron as a Drill Unit II. Commands III. Forming the Squadron in Line IV. Aligning the Squadron V. Inspecting the Squadron VI. The Squadron in Column VII. Massing the Squadron When in Column at

Close Interval VIII. Changing Direction When in Mass Formation IX. Column of Flights From Squadron Mass

Formation X. Extended Mass Formation With Flights in ColumXI. Dismissing the Squadron XII. The Guidon XIII. Order Guidon XIV. Carry Guidon XV. Executing Order Guidon While at Carry Guidon XVI. Executing Carry Guidon While at Order Guidon XVII. Executing Present Guidon When at Carry or OrdXVIII. Executing Carry Guidon When at present GuidonXIX. Executing Order Guidon When at Present GuidoXX. Individual Salute by Guidon Bearer When not in

TRANSITION We will begin our study of this chapter by discussing the Sq

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n

er Guidon

n Formation


• The Squadron as a Drill Unit• Commands• Forming the Squadron in Line• Aligning the Squadron• Inspecting the Squadron• The Squadron in Column• Massing the Squadron When in

Column as Close Interval• Changing Direction When in

Mass Formation • Dismissing the Squadron• The Guidon

• Order Guidon• Carry Guidon• Executing Order Guidon While on

Carry Guidon• Executing Carry Guidon While at

Order Guidon• Executing Present Guidon When at

Carry or Order Guidon• Executing Carry Guidon When at

Present Guidon• Executing Order Guidon When at

Present Guidon• Individual Salute by Guidon Bearer

When not in Formation

OVERVIEW

uadron as a Drill Unit and Commands.


BODY

PRESENTATION

I. The Squadron as a Drill Unit.

A. The squadron is composed of two or more flights.

1. Only formations necessary for marches, drills, and ceremonies are prescribed in this chapter.

2. The squadron forms in line with flights in line. 3. When in column formation, the squadron is sized according to height, the tallest

individuals to the front and right. B. The squadron does not execute marching in line

except for minor changes in position. C. When changes of formation involve changes of

post (for example, the first sergeant), the new post is taken by the most direct route and as soon as possible after the command of execution.

II. Commands.

A. In squadron drill (except mass formation) when the

a movement together, the flight commanders repesquadron commander for facings, steps, and marcommand of the squadron commander is Squadron

1. When this happens, the flight commanders give 2. When flights of the squadron are to execute a m

a column movement while marching, the cosquadron commander’s preparatory command,flights gives a supplementary command such as C

3. The flight commanders of the other flights

preparatory command and command of execmovement in approximately the same location as

B. If the squadron in column is at the halt when th

Column Right, the leading flight commander wCOLUMN RIGHT.

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• The Squadron as a Drill Unit– The squadron is composed of two or more

flights.

– The squadron does not execute marching in line except for minor changes in position.

• Commands

individuals in the unit are to execute at the preparatory command of the ching except when the preparatory .

the preparatory command Flight.

ovement in successive order, such as mmander of Flight A repeats the and the commanders of the other ONTINUE THE MARCH.

repeat the squadron commander’s ution so their flights execute the the first flight.

e squadron commander commands ill supplement the command with


1. At the same time, the remaining flight commanders command Forward.

2. When the squadron commander commands MARCH, the leading flight executes column right, and the remaining flights march forward and execute the column movement on the command of their appropriate flight commanders.

3. Each flight executes the movement at approximately the same location and in the

manner as the first flight.

C. To Open Ranks.

1. To open ranks, the squadron commander faces the units and commands PREPARE FOR INSPECTION.

2. The flight commanders, in successive order

from the squadron commander’s left to right, command their flights Open Ranks, MARCH.

3. The flight commanders align their flights and g

D. When the squadron is in column and desires to

flights such as a column from standard mass formLEADING FLIGHT.

1. On this command:

a. The leading flight commander commands t b. As soon as the correct distance has been ob

the half step at its commander’s command. c. When all flights have obtained the correc

gives Forward, MARCH, and all flights ste

E. When commands are given in which one flight iwhile other flights do not, the appropriate flight coor CONTINUE THE MARCH.

F. In giving commands, flight commanders may in

example, A Flight, HALT, or B Flight, Forward. squadron commander’s combined commands.

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• To Open Ranks– To open ranks, the squadron commander faces the units

and commands “PREPARE FOR INSPECTION”

ive the command Ready, FRONT.

obtain the correct distance between ation, the command is CLOSE ON

he flight to take up the half step.

tained, each succeeding flight takes up

t distance, the squadron commander p off with a 24-inch step.

s to stand fast or continue to march mmander commands STAND FAST

clude the letter of their flights; for Flight commanders do not repeat the


INTERIM SUMMARY QUESTIONS: ANTICIPATED RESPONSES:

How many flights does a squadron

consist of? A squadron consists of two or more

flights.

How is the squadron sized in column formation?

The squadron is sized according to height, the tallest individuals to the front and right.

What is the command given when the squadron is in column and it is desired to obtain the correct distance between flights?

The command is CLOSE ON LEADING FLIGHT.

TRANSITION We will continue our study of this chapter by discussing formations and forming the squadron in line.

III. Forming the squadron in line.

A. The squadron is formed in line with flights in

line by the first sergeant.

1. The first sergeant takes an initial post nine paces in front of the point where the center of the squadron is to be, faces that point, and commands FALL IN.

2. On the command FALL IN.

a. The squadron forms in two or more flindividuals (unless close interval is directed)

b. A three-pace interval between flights is mai

B. While positioning units in an area:

1. The command is ______ Paces Forward, MMARCH.

2. In backward March, the Airman takes 12-inch

foot, and maintains arm swing. 3. These commands are used for short distances o

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• Forming the Squadron in Line– The squadron is formed in line with flights in line by the

first sergeant.

ights with normal interval between .

ntained.

ARCH, or ______ Steps Backward,

steps backward starting with the left

f four paces (steps or less).


C. Each flight sergeant takes a post three paces in front of and centered on the flight.

1. The flights then form as prescribed under the supervision of the flight sergeants. 2. The flight sergeants then command REPORT. 3. Remaining in position, the element leaders in succession from front to rear of each

flight salute and report _____ Element, all present or _____ Element, (number) person(s) absent.

4. The flight sergeants then face about.

D. Upon receiving the command REPORT given by the first sergeant:

1. The flight sergeants, beginning with the right flight successfully salute and report ____ Flight, all present or accounted for or _____ Flight, (number) person(s) absent.

2. After all flights have reported, the first sergeant commands POST. 3. The flight sergeants face about and move by the most direct route to their positions

in the ranks. 4. The squadron commander takes a position 12 paces in front of, centered on, and

facing the squadron to receive the report of the first sergeant. 5. The guidon bearer assumes a position with the commander. 6. The first sergeant faces the squadron

commander, salutes, and reports Sir (Ma’am), all present and accounted for or (number) person(s) absent.


Squadron in Line

7. Without a command, the first sergeant faces

about and moves by the most direct route to the appropriate position.

8. The flight commanders immediately take

their posts after the first sergeant has reported. E. In forming the squadron, any individual required to make a report salutes while

reporting and holds the salute until it is returned. The individual receiving the report does not return the salute until the report is completed.

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INTERIM SUMMARY QUESTION: ANTICIPATED RESPONSE:

Who forms the squadron in line? The squadron is formed in line with

flights in line by the first sergeant, who takes an initial post nine paces in front of the point where the center of the squadron is to be, faces that point, and commands FALL IN.

TRANSITION We continue our discussion with Aligning and Inspecting the Squadron.

IV. Aligning the Squadron.

A. To align the squadron when in mass at a halt, the command is At Close Interval, Dress Right, DRESS.

1. On the command DRESS.

a. The squadron dresses at close interval. b. The base flight commander promptly verifies

the alignment of ranks. c. When the flight commander resumes the post, t

Ready, FRONT and COVER.

V. Inspecting the Squadron. A. To inspect the squadron, it must be formed in line. B. The squadron commander commands PREPARE F C. On this command:

1. The flight commanders face about and order ran 2. After the command Ready, FRONT, flight com 3. When all flights are at parade rest, the squadron

guidon bearer. NOTE: The guidon bearer may assume the position of para

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• Aligning the Squadron– To align the squadron when in

mass at a halt, the command is At Close Interval, Dress Right, DRESS.

• Inspecting the Squadron– To inspect the squadron, it

must be formed in line.

– The squadron commander commands PREPARE FOR INSPECTION.

Inspection of the Squadron

he squadron commander commands

OR INSPECTION.

ks to be opened.

manders command Parade, REST.

commander begins by inspecting the

de rest after being inspected.


4. The first sergeant joins the squadron commander, if so directed, and takes notes during the inspection.

5. As the squadron commander approaches each flight, the flight commander brings the

flight to attention, salutes, and reports Sir (Ma’am), ______ Flight is prepared for inspection.

6. After being inspected, the flight commander accompanies the squadron commander

through the inspection of the flight.

7. The inspection is made from the right to left in front and from left to right in rear of each rank.

8. The flight commander may give parade rest to elements not being inspected. 9. The element leader calls the element to attention before the inspecting officer

completes the inspection of the preceding element. 10. The element leader may give the element parade rest after it has been inspected.

D. On completion of the inspection of each flight: 1. The flight commander moves three paces beyond the front rank, halts, faces down

the line, and calls the flight to attention. 2. The flight commander takes one pace forward, faces to the right, and receives

comments from the inspecting officer. 3. The flight commander salutes the inspecting officer upon departure and then faces

down line and commands Close Ranks, MARCH. 4. The flight commander then commands Parade, REST, AT EASE, or REST,

(whichever is appropriate) takes a post in front of the flight, centers on the flight, and assumes the same position as the flight.


What is the command given to

align the squadron formed in line at a halt?

The squadron commander orders DRESS FLIGHTS TO THE RIGHT.

What command is given to inspect the squadron?

The squadron commander commands PREPARE FOR INSPECTION.

TRANSITION We now move on to discussion of The squadron in Column; Massing the Squadron When in Column at Close Interval; and Changing Direction When in Mass Formation.

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VI. The Squadron in Column.

A. The squadron moves from one place to another

in column of flights.

B. The guidon bearer is one pace to the rear and two paces to the left of the squadron commander.

C. To view and control the squadron , the squadron

commander may take a position on the flank. D. When this occurs, the guidon bearer is at the head o

VII. Massing the Squadron When in Column at Close Interval. A. To form the squadron in mass when it is halted

in column, the command is Squadron Mass Left, MARCH.

B. On the preparatory command:

1. The leading flight commander gives the command STAND FAST.

2. Each flight commander of the succeeding flights 3. On the command MARCH, the leading flight s 4. In turn, each rear flight executes a column

commands Column Half Right to move the finterval alongside the flight it was following.

5. Each flight commander halts the flight when

leading rank of the flight already in line. 6. This places the squadron in mass with 4-inch

rank.

C. The Squadron in Mass.

1. To form the squadron in mass while marchincommander are the same as if halted.

2. On the preparatory command:

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• The Squadron in Column– The Squadron moves

from one place to another in column of flights.

f the column.


• Massing the Squadron When in Column at Close Interval– To form the squadron

in mass when it is halted in column, the command is Squadron Mass Left, MARCH.

Squadron in mass formation

commands Column Half Left.

tands fast.

half left and the flight commander light to the new position at a 4-inch

its leading rank is on line with the

intervals between all individuals in

g, the commands by the squadron


a. The A Flight commander commands CONTINUE THE MARCH.

b. Flight commanders of succeeding flights command Column Half Left. 3. On the command MARCH:

a. The commander of the leading flight (A Flight) halts the flight. b. The other flights move to the new positions in the same manner as before.

VIII. Changing Direction When in Mass Formation.


• Changing Direction When in Mass Formation– To change direction

when in mass formation and squadron is at the halt or in march, the command is Right (Left) Turn, MARCH.

Right Turn in Mass Formation.

A. To change direction when in mass formation

and squadron is at the halt or in march, the command is Right (Left) Turn, MARCH.

B. The right (left) flank individual of the line of

guides and flight commanders is the pivot for this movement.

C. On the command Right Turn, MARCH:

1. The individual takes one pace forward. 2. Executes a 90-degree pivot to the right. 3. Advances one 24-inch step, and takes up the half step.

D. On the command Left Turn, MARCH:

1. The individual faces to the left in marching. 2. Advances one 24-inch step and takes up the half step. 3. Other front rank individuals do a right (left) 45-degree pivot, advance until opposite

their places in line, do a second right (left) 45-degree pivot, and upon arriving abreast of the pivot individual, take up the half step.

E. Each succeeding rank executes the movement in approximately the same location and in

the same manner as the preceding rank.

1. All continue marching in the half step until the command Forward, MARCH is given.

2. Forward, MARCH will be given once the change of direction is completed and dress

cover, interval and distance have been reestablished.

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F. When turning to the left, each rank dresses left on the preparatory command.

1. Dress will remain left until the command MARCH is given. 2. The dress then reverts to the right and remains there unless otherwise announced. 3. The squadron commander faces the squadron and marches backward until the

change in direction has been completed.


What is the command to form the squadron in mass when it is halted in column?

The command is Squadron Mass Left, MARCH.

What is the command to change direction when in mass formation and the squadron is at halt or in march?

The command is Right (Left) Turn, MARCH.

TRANSITION We will focus our attention on Column of Flights From Squadron Mass Formation; Extended Mass Formation with Flights in Column; and Dismissing the Squadron.

IX. Column of Flights from Squadron Mass Formation. A. From a halt, the command is Column of

Flights, Right Flight, Forward, MARCH. Drill of the Squadron

• Column of Flights from Squadron Mass Formation.– From a halt, the

command is Column of Flights, Right Flight, Forward MARCH.

• Extended Mass Formation with Flights in Column

Squadron in Extended Mass Formation.

1. On the preparatory command:

a. The right flight commander commands Forward.

b. The other flight commanders command

STAND FAST. 2. On the command MARCH:

a. The right flight marches forward. b. Each of the remaining flights follow in column in its normal formation,

executing column half right and column half left upon the commands of its commander.

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B. While marching, the squadron commander gives the same commands as in the previous movement with the following exceptions:

1. Double time is given instead of forward. 2. Commanders of flights, other than the right flight command CONTINUE THE

MARCH.

C. On the command MARCH.

1. The right flight marches out in double time.

2. At the appropriate time, other flight commanders give Double Time, MARCH and INCLINE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT) to bring their flights into the column and align them behind the preceding flight.

X. Extended Mass Formation with Flights in Column.

A. The extended mass formation is used when a more impressive appearance for drill and ceremonies is desired.

B. The commands are Squadron Mass, (number)

Paces Left, MARCH. C. On the command MARCH:

1. The movement is executed as described in “Column of Flights from Squadron Mass Formation” except the rear flights execute a column half left and a column half right to move to the new position beside the leading flight at the interval ordered.

2. Each flight is halted when its leading rank is on line with the leading rank of the

flight already on line.

D. In extended mass formation, the squadron drills in the same manner as for mass formation, maintaining the interval between flights.

XI. Dismissing the Squadron. A. The squadron is in line at attention. The

squadron commander directs the first sergeant to dismiss the squadron, the command is First sergeant, (pause) DISMISS THE SQUADRON.


• Dismissing the Squadron– The squadron commander directs the first

sergeant to dismiss the squadron, the command is First sergeant, (pause) DISMISS THE SQUADRON.


• Extended Mass Formation with Flights in Column– The extended mass formation is used when a more impressive

appearance for drill and ceremonies is desired.

– The commands are Squadron Mass, (number) Paces Left, MARCH.

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B. On this command, the first sergeant takes the most direct route to a position three paces from the squadron commander, who is nine paces in front of and centered on the squadron.

1. The first sergeant halts and renders the salute.

2. The squadron commander returns the salute and commands DISMISS THE

SQUADRON. 3. The first sergeant salutes and the squadron commander returns the salute and falls

out. 4. The flight commanders and the guidon bearer fall out at the same time. 5. The first sergeant executes an about face and the flight sergeants take their posts three

paces in front of and centered on their flights. 6. The first sergeant then orders the flight sergeants to dismiss their flights by giving

them the command DISMISS YOUR FLIGHTS. 7. The first sergeant then falls out and the flight sergeants then face about and

command DISMISSED. 8. Individuals break ranks and leave the formation.


What is the command to form a column of Flights From Squadron Mass Formation?

From a halt, the command is Column of Flights, Right Flight, Forward, MARCH.

How is the squadron dismissed? The squadron is in line at attention. The squadron commander directs the first sergeant to dismiss the squadron.

What is the command to dismiss the squadron?

The command is First Sergeant, (pause) DISMISS THE SQUADRON.

TRANSITION Our discussion now will focus on “Manual of the Guidon” and we will talk about the Guidon; Order Guidon, and Carry Guidon.

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XII. The Guidon.

A. The guidon is carried at ceremonies and on other occasions when prescribed by the commander.

B. The guidon bearer is a specially selected Airman

designated by the squadron commander.

XIII. Order Guidon.

A. Order guidon is the position of attention. B. The guidon bearer holds the guidon in a vertical p

ground beside the right shoe. C. The guidon bearer holds the staff in the right hand

by the fingers extended and joined. D. The right hand and arm are kept behind the staff

staff resting against the hollow of the shoulder.

XIV. Carry Guidon.

A. Carry guidon is the position in which the ferrule ground.

B. Facings, alignments, and formal marchings require c C. The guidon bearer keeps the staff in a vertical posi

brings it to carry guidon on the preparatory comman D. When marching at route step or at ease, the

guidon bearer may hold the guidon in either hand at the carry position.

E. Parade rest is executed by sliding the hand up the

staff and inclining the staff of the guidon forward at arm’s length with the hand at waist level.

F. At double time, the guidon bearer holds the

guidon diagonally across the body.

1. The guidon bearer grasps the staff with the rigcarry, with the right forearm horizontal and the

2. The staff is grasped with the left hand opposite t

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• The Guidon

• Order Guidon

• Carry Guidon

Carry GuidonOrder Guidon

osition and keeps the ferrule on the

in the “V” formed by the thumb and

with the arm bent naturally and the

is approximately 6 inches from the

arry guidon.

tion throughout the movements and d for the movement.


Parade Rest Double Time

ht hand at the position used at the elbow near the body.

he left shoulder.


G. When executing column movements and turns, the guidon bearer executes the movement on the command of execution and then moves at 45-degree angles to a position in front of the base file.

H. When the squadron is in column with the squadron commander on the flank, the

guidon bearer’s position is five paces in front of and centered on the front rank of the leading flank.


When is the guidon carried? The guidon is carried at ceremonies and

other occasions when prescribed by the commander.

What is the position of “carry guidon?”

Carry guidon is the position in which the ferrule is approximately 6 inches from the ground.

What is the position of “order guidon?”

Order guidon is the position of attention.

TRANSITION We will conclude our study of this chapter by focusing on Executing Order Guidon While at Carry Guidon; Executing Carry Guidon While at Order Guidon; and Executing Present Guidon When at Carry or Order Guidon; Executing Carry Guidon When at Present Guidon; Executing Order Guidon When at Present Guidon; and Individual Salute by Guidon Bearer When not in Formation.

XV. Executing Order Guidon While at Carry Guidon. A. The guidon bearer lets the staff slide through

the right hand until the ferrule is on the ground in line with and touching the toe of the right shoe.

B. The staff is regrasped with the hand as at the

carry position.

XVI. Executing Carry Guidon While at Order Guidon. A. The guidon bearer grasps the staff with the left h

the grip of the right hand on the staff. B. The guidon is raised vertically with the left hand,

the right hand until the ferrule is approximately 6 i C. The guidon bearer then regrasps the staff with the

smartly to the left side.

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Drill of the Squadron• Executing order Guidon while at Carry Guidon.

• Executing Carry Guidon while at Order Guidon.

• Executing Present Guidon When at Carry or Order Guidon.

and while at the same time loosening

letting the staff slide upward through nches from the ground.

right hand and cuts the left hand away


XVII. Executing Present Guidon When at Carry or Order Guidon.

A. To execute present guidon (when at carry) or order guidon (while marching or at halt)

upon receiving the preparatory command Present or Eyes:

1. The guidon bearer raises the guidon vertically until the right arm is fully extended. 2. At the same time, the left hand is brought smartly across the chest to guide the staff.

B. On receiving the command of execution ARMS or RIGHT:

1. The guidon bearer lowers the guidon straight to the front with the right arm extended and the staff resting in the pit of the right arm.

2. The left hand is cut away smartly to the left side.

C. On the command RIGHT of Eyes, RIGHT, the guidon bearer turns the head and eyes

in the same manner prescribed for other individuals in the formation. D. On the preparatory command Ready:

1. The guidon bearer raises the guidon vertically until the right arm is fully extended.


• Executing carry Guidon when at Present Guidon.

2. At the same time, the left hand is brought smartly across the chest to guide the staff.

E. On the command of execution FRONT:

1. The guidon is returned to the position of carry.

2. The head and eyes are turned to the front.

XVIII. Executing Carry Guidon When at Present Guidon. A. On the preparatory command:

1. The guidon bearer raises the staff to the vertical position. 2. At the same time, the guidon bearer brings the left arm smartly across the chest to let

the left hand guide the staff.

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B. On the command of execution:

1. The guidon bearer loosens the grip of the left hand on the staff. 2. With the right hand the guidon bearer lowers the guidon.

C. The left hand is used to steady the staff until the ferrule is approximately 6 inches from the ground, then the left hand is cut away smartly to the left side.

XIX. Executing Order Guidon When at Present Guidon.

A. The guidon bearer executes order guidon as prescribed previously except that after bringing the guidon to the carry position, the staff is permitted to slide through the right hand.

B. The staff is steadied with the left hand until

the guidon is in the position of order guidon, and the left hand is cut smartly away to the left side.

XX. Individual Salute by Guidon Bearer When not in Uni

A. When at order guidon, the guidon bearer execute

count movement.

1. On the first count, the left arm is moved hoand wrist straight and fingers and thumb exten

2. The first joint of the forefinger touches the sta 3. On the second count, the left hand is cut sma

B. The salute at carry guidon is executed in the saapproximately 6 inches from the ground.

INTERIM SUMMARY QUESTIONS: AN

How is order guidon executed while at carry guidon?

Tthonthrepo

What is the position of “Garry Guidon”?

Cthfro

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• Executing Order Guidon When at Present Guidon.

• Individual Salute by Guidon Bearer When not in Uniform.

Salute at the Order Salute at Carry

form.

s the salute with the left hand in a two-

rizontally across the body with forearm ded and joined with palm down.

ff.

rtly away to the side.

me manner, except that the ferrule is

TICIPATED RESPONSES: he guidon bearer lets the staff slide rough the right hand until the ferrule is the ground in line with and touching e toe of the right shoe. The staff is grasped with the hand as at the carry sition.

arry Guidon is the position in which e ferrule is approximately 6 inches m the ground.


TRANSITION We have concluded our study of Chapter 5, Drill of the Squadron. We discussed Rules for Squadron Drill and Formations. REMOTIVATION/CLOSURE You have learned a large amount of information. There is a purpose and a reason for learning about all the movements and for learning to perform them correctly. Teamwork is the key and you will find out how important being a team player is in performing drill as we continue our studies.

85


86


Group and Wing Formations, Chapter 6

PART I Lesson Title: Group and Wing Formations Instructor: SASI/ASI Teaching Method: Demonstration/Performance Interrelated Information: AFMAN 36-2203 Visual Aids: PowerPoint Slides Student Preparation: None Date of Lesson Development/Last Major Revision: September 2004 Certified by: HQ AFOATS/CR (Dr. Charles Nath III)

PART IA Lesson Objective: Demonstrate a group and wing formation. Sample of Behavior: Perform group and wing formations when given the command to do so.

PART IB Strategy: Begin lesson by getting the attention of the studenExplain why the chapter is important to them. Allow studewith feedback as necessary. Lesson Outline: I. Composition of the Group and Wing II. Composition of the Staff III. Formation of the Group IV. Forming the Group in Column V. Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Line VI. Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Mass VII. Dismissing the Group VIII. Formations IX. Review X. Sequence of Review Commands XI. Sequence of Review and Inspection Commands

87

Group and Wing Formations

• Lesson Objective– Demonstrate a group and wing formation.

• Sample of Behavior– Perform group and wing formations when given the command to do

so.

ts and stating what the lesson is about. nts to ask questions and provide them

Formation


PART II

INTRODUCTION

ATTENTION Gain the students’ attention by again stressing how important it is for them to grasp the information. If you can think of a short story, a scenario, or a question pertaining to the lesson you could share that with the class. MOTIVATION Have the students to know that it is very important that they continue to pay attention and participate in class.

OVERVIEW


• Composition of the Group and Wing

• Composition of the Staff

• Formation of the Group

• Forming the Group in Column

• Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Line

• Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Mass Formation

• Dismissing the Group

• Formations

• Review

• Sequence of Review Commands

• Sequence of Review and Inspection Commands

OVERVIEW

In this lesson we will study the following topics. I. Composition of the Group and Wing II. Composition of the Staff III. Formation of the Group IV. Forming the Group in Column V. Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Line VI. Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Mass

Formation VII. Dismissing the Group VIII. Formations IX. Review X. Sequence of Review Commands XI. Sequence of Review and Inspection Commands TRANSITION Our first discussion will be on the function of the Group and Wing focusing on Composition of the Group and Wing and Composition of the Staff.

88


BODY

PRESENTATION

I. Composition of the Group and Wing.

A. The group is composed of two or more squadrons; the wing is composed of two or more groups; formation and movements of the group and wing are for ceremonies.

B. The group commander directs the assembly of

units in mass formation. Each squadron commander moves the squadron to its place in the most convenient manner.

C. When in mass formation, the group drills by co

movements in a manner similar to that prescribed f D. The wing does not drill by command.

1. Its groups form and march as directed by the w 2. When practical, the formation and movement

wing are made clear to the unit commanders be

E. To assume any formation, the group or wing formation, point for the right (left) of the group oror column is to face.

1. The units approach the line on which the group 2. After completion of a movement, the squad

movement is ordered.

F. After a group is halted and it is under the commander, the squadron commanders do not givthe alignment or position of their squadrons unless

G. Once ceremonies begin, units remain at attention

next higher commander. H. A unit may be presented to its commander or a rev

1. When this is done, the presenting officer facPresent, ARMS.

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• Composition of the Group and Wing.– The group is composed of

two or more squadrons, the wing is composed of two or more groups.

• Composition of the Staff.– The group is the smallest

formation with a staff.Arrangement of Reviewing Officers Staff (General Officers).

mmand. The group executes these or the squadron.

ing commander.

of the subdivisions of the group and fore starting the movement.

commander announces the desired wing, and direction in which the line

or wing forms in column or line.

rons are given at ease until another

immediate command of the group e supplementary commands to correct ordered by the group commander.

until ordered to a rest position by the

iewing officer.

es the unit and gives the command


2. When all elements of the unit are at present arms, the presenting officer faces to the front and commands the members of the staff to present arms.

3. The guidon or flag bearer (if present) salutes on command to the staff.

II. Composition of the Staff.

A. The group is the smallest formation with a staff.

1. The commissioned staff of a commander forms in one rank, 1½ paces to the rear. 2. The individuals of the staff form 1½ paces to the rear of the officers, but do not

normally participate in the marching staff. 3. When only one staff officer is present, a position is taken one pace to the right and

1½ paces to the rear of the commander. 4. Staff members usually are arranged from right to the left in order of rank, the senior

on the right. However, the commander arranges them in any desired order. 5. Airmen forming with the staff are usually posted in order of rank from right to left,

except the bearer of a general officers individual flag is on the right. 6. If necessary to reduce the front of the staff, as in marching, the staff is formed in a

column of threes and follows the commander. It marches under the direction of the senior staff officer.


What is the group and wing composed of?

The group is composed of two or more squadrons; the wing is composed of two or more groups.

How does the wing drill? The wing drills by command. Its groups form and march as directed by the wing commander.

How does the group drill? When in mass formation, the group drills by command.

Describe the composition of the staff. The group is the smallest formation with a staff. The commissioned staff of a commander forms in one rank, 1½ paces to the rear.

TRANSITION Our discussion of Group and Wing Formations continues with Formation of the Group; Forming the Group in Column; and Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Line.

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III. Formation of the Group.

A. For ceremonies, the group is formed with

squadrons in mass. B. Attached elements take their positions as directed

by the group commander. C. Regardless of the direction the group faces,

squadrons are designated alphabetically from right to left in line and from front to rear when in column.

1. Groups are also lettered from right to left when

in column. 2. The terms “right” and “left” apply to right and le

D. The designation “center squadron” indicates the cdepending on whether the number of squadrons is e

E. The group commander supervises the formation frcorrecting alignments, intervals, and distances.

F Special requirements of space or purpose may neces

adhere as closely as possible to principles of spacing, IV. Forming the Group in Column.

A. The group forms in column from a line of squadron B. The group commander usually prescribes the followi

1. Formation. 2. Direction the column will face. 3. Hour of forming. 4. Location of the head of the column. 5. Order in column of the group headquarters, squ 6. The squadron commanders form their units at th

91


• Formation of the Group.– For ceremonies, the group is

formed with squadrons in mass.

• Forming the Group in Column.– The group forms in column

from a line of squadrons in line by executing right face. Group in Column with

Squadrons in Column and Flights in Column

in line and from front to rear when

ft as the troops face.

enter or the right center squadron, ven or odd.

om those positions that are best for

sitate variations in formations. If so, precedence, and protocol.

s in line by executing right face.

ng:

adrons, and attached elements.

e appointed time.


V. Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Line.

Group and Wing Formations• Forming the Group in Line with Squadrons in

Line.– Before the ceremonies, the adjutant ensures the group

position on the parade ground is marked with two flags.

Group in Line with Squadrons in Line

A. Before the ceremonies, the adjutant ensures the

group position on the parade ground is marked with two flags. 1. Flags are placed on each flank of the line on

which the group is to form. 2. Additional markers may be placed on the line

to indicate the position of guides.

B. When a band is to participate in the ceremonies, the adjutant prearranges a signal or a specific time for Adjutant’s Call to be sounded.

C. Squadrons are marched onto the parade ground from the troops left flank facing the

reviewing stand and brought onto the ready line in column. D. As each squadron arrives in its position on the ready line, it is halted and faced to the left.

1. The squadron commander then commands GUIDE ON LINE. 2. On this command, the guide of each flight double times to a position on the final

line indicated by flags, halts, and faces the adjutant. 3. The guides of the other squadrons advance in the same manner and align themselves

on the guides who have already posted. 4. When the guides have established themselves on the line, the squadron commanders

command Forward, MARCH. E. When the elements reach their position on the line, the band stops playing; the adjutant

moves with dignity at adjutant’s cadence by the most direct route to a position midway between the line of squadron commanders and the group commander; the adjutant halts facing down line of troops, then executes left face.

F. When all elements are dressed, the adjutant commands Guides, POST. G. The adjutant then command Present, ARMS, faces group commander, salutes, and

group reports Sir (Ma’am) the group is formed. H. The group commander returns the salute and orders TAKE YOUR POST.

1. Adjutant passes to group commander’s right and takes the post on line with staff. 2. Group commander commands Order, ARMS.

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How is the group formed? For ceremonies, the group is formed with squadrons in mass.

How does the group form in column? The group forms in column from a line of squadrons in line by executing right face.

TRANSITION We will discuss Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Mass Formation and Dismissing the Group.

VI. Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Mass Formation. A. Procedure is the same as in forming in line, as stated above, with the following

exceptions:

1. The squadrons in mass formation are marched onto the parade ground from either flank on a line well to the rear of ready line.

2. The group is formed first on the ready line and, at the first note of the Adjutant’s

Call, moved to the final line.

B. When space is limited, squadron is brought on parade ground in a column of flights and massed left as the flights come on to ready line.

VII. Dismissing the Group.

A. Group commander commands DISMISS

YOUR SQUADRONS. B. Squadron commanders salute the group

commander, march their squadrons to place of dismissal, and dismiss them.

C. Commander dismisses staff after squadrons

march off.


• Forming the Group in Line with Squadrons in Mass Formation.– Procedure is the same as

in forming in line with some exceptions.

• Dismissing theGroup.

D. If group commander desires to release squadrons to their commanders without directing

that squadrons be dismissed promptly, the command TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR SQUADRONS is given.

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What is the command for dismissing the group?

The command is DISMISS YOUR SQUADRONS.

TRANSITION We conclude our study of Chapter 6 with Formations; Review; Sequence of Review Commands; and Sequence of Review and Inspection Commands. VIII. Formations.

A. On special occasions the wing may be formed in line with groups in mass formation. The normal formation for the wing during a review is in line with squadrons in mass formation as shown in figure 6.4 of the AFMAN.

B. The interval between squadrons is 6 paces, and

the interval between groups or between the group and the band is 12 paces.

C. The color guard is positioned in the center of the formation and is considered when

measuring interval.


• Formations– On special occasions the wing may be formed

in line with groups in mass formation.• Review

– A review is the formation of troops in group or wing marching in a prescribed manner.

D. Distance is measured from the rear of the leading element to the front of the element

next in order of march.

IX. Review. A. A review is the formation of troops in group or wing marching in a prescribed manner.

The purpose is to inspect the degree of drill proficiency of officers and Airmen and the state of readiness of equipment.

B. A review may be held to allow a higher commander, official, or dignitary to observe the

state of training in a command. It may consist of the following parts:

1. Formation of troops. 2. Inspection of troops (from the reviewing stand or as outlined in Chapter 7). 3. March in review.

C. Two or more groups are formed on the final line and presented to the troop commander.

1. The adjutant takes the post in line with the staff. 2. The troop commander may then present the troops to the reviewing officer.

94


3. Inspection of troops may follow if reviewing officer desires. (Refer to Chapter 7 for

more detailed instructions). X. Sequence of Review Commands. (Refer to figure

6.5 of AFMAN, pages 74-76) XI. Sequence of Review and Inspection Commands.

(Refer to figure 6.6 of AFMAN, pages 76-77)

INTERIM SUMMARY QUESTIONS: ANTI What is the interval between

squadrons in the wing formation? The i

and ththe gr

Where is the color guard positioned in wing formation?

The cthe fmeasu

Define review and tell the purpose. A revior wiThe pproficstate o

95


• Sequence of Review Commands.

• Sequence of Review and Inspection Commands.

CIPATED RESPONSES: nterval between squadrons is 6 paces e interval between groups or between

oup and the band is 12 paces.

olor guard is positioned in the center of ormation and is considered when ring interval.

ew is the formation of troops in group ng marching in a prescribed manner. urpose is to inspect the degree of drill iency of officers and Airmen and the f readiness of equipment.


96


Ceremonies, Chapter 7

PART I Lesson Title: Ceremonies Instructor: SASI/ASI Teaching Method: Informal Lecture Interrelated Information: AFMAN 36-2203 Visual Aids: PowerPoint Slides Student Preparation: None Date of Lesson Development/Last Major Revision: September 2004 Certified by: HQ AFOATS/CR (Dr. Charles Nath III)

PART IA Lesson Objective: Know the purpose and definition of ceremonies and parades. Samples of Behavior: 1. Define ceremony and parade. 2. State the purpose of ceremonies and parades. 3. Identify the different types of ceremonies and parades. 4. Define reveille and retreat. 5. State when it is appropriate to raise and lower the flag.

PART IB Strategy: Begin lesson by getting the attention of the students andExplain that this chapter is important to them and tell them whybecause it explains procedures for Reviews and Parades, ChanIndividuals and Groups, The U.S. Flag, To The Colors, and thestudents to participate in and learn the various movements and teamwork and pride in their unit. Give students the opportunity towith feedback as necessary. Lesson Outline: I. Purpose and Precedence II. Parade Ceremony III. Raising and Lowering the Flag IV. Change of Command V. Colors

97

Ceremonies

• Lesson Objective– Know the purpose and definition of ceremonies and

parades.

• Samples of Behavior– Define ceremony and parade.– State the purpose of ceremonies and parades.– Identify the different types of ceremonies and parades.– Define reveille and retreat.– State when it is appropriate to raise and lower the flag.

stating what the lesson is about. it is important. It is important ges of Command, Honors to National Anthem. Encourage

that by doing this will promote ask questions and provide them


PART II

INTRODUCTION ATTENTION Gain the students’ attention by again stressing how important it is for them to grasp the information. If you can think of a short story, a scenario, or a question pertaining to the lesson, share that with the class. MOTIVATION Have the students to know that it is very important that they continue to pay attention and participate in class.

Ceremonies

OVERVIEW• Purpose and Precedence

• Parade Ceremony

• Raising and Lowering the Flag

• Change of Command

• Colors

OVERVIEW In this lesson we will study the following topics: I. Purpose and Precedence II. Parade Ceremony III. Raising and Lowering the Flag IV. Change of Command V. Colors TRANSITION Our first discussion will be on the purpose of ceremonies and the order of precedence when participating in ceremonies.

98


BODY

PRESENTATION I. Purpose and Precedence. (Section A)

A. Purpose and Definition of Ceremonies.

1. The purpose of a ceremony is to accomplish one

or more of the following:

a. Accord distinctive honors to national symbols or individuals on special occasions.

b. Display the proficiency and state of training

of the troops of a command. c. Promote teamwork and pride in an Air

Force organization. d. Contribute to the public moral by displaying s

the military in support of the nation. 2. This chapter explains procedures for review and pa

individuals and groups, the U.S. Flag, To the Cparade may be used to formalize each ceremony.

B. Order of Precedence.

For the order of precedence for Troops of the U.S. AAFMAN 36-2203.

INTERIM SUMMARY QUESTION: ANTIC What is the purpose of a ceremony? To

symocc

ToAir

Totrai

Todisuninat

99

Ceremonies

• Purpose and Precedence.

• Purpose and Definition of Ceremonies.

• Order of Precedence.

ymbolically the strength and unity of

rades, changes of command, honors to olor, and the National Anthem. A

rmed Forces, see pages 78 and 79 of

IPATED RESPONSES: accord distinctive honors to national bols or individuals on special

asions. promote teamwork and pride in an Force organization. display the proficiency and state of ning of the troops of a command. contribute to the public morale by playing symbolically the strength and ty of the military in support of the ion.


TRANSITION We now focus on the “parade ceremony” and various other topics some of which are: formations, adjutant’s call, presentation of troops, honors, march in review, reviewing party, and general’s flagbearer.

II. Parade Ceremony. (Section B)

A. Definition of a Parade.

1. A parade is a review with honors. 2. A parade is also a ceremony within itself when

respect is paid to the U.S. Flag, as in retreat.

B. Suggested Checklist for Commander of Troops. 1. The following checklist is suggested for commander of troops:

a. Establish the time, date, and place. b. Determine the type of formation: squadron in mass or extended mass and number

of squadrons and groups. c. Determine type of ceremony, honors, or decorations. d. Select who will perform in command positions and as color guard. e. Mark the parade field, including the final

line and line of march (refer to figure 7.1). f. Make arrangements for the band and public

address system. (Communicate with flight line personnel to coordinate flyovers, if desired.)

Ceremonies

• Formations

• Adjutant’s Call– The adjutant takes a position

on the final line six paces to the right of the first unit, faces down line, and begins the ceremony by commanding the band to sound Adjutant’s Call.

• March On.

Formation of Troops for Parade.

Ceremonies

• Parade Ceremony– A parade is a review

with honors.

– Suggested Checklist for Commander of Troops.

Preparation for parade.

g. Arrange for and hold practice. h. Announce the uniform for ceremony. i. Arrange for the Colors appropriate to the grade of the reviewing officer.

C. Formations.

1. Any of the formations for the group or wing may be used. 2. Troops move into their position in an orderly manner.

100


3. In ceremonies of a wing or larger unit, especially when troops pass in review in mass formation, special arrangements should be made to provide for breaking up the columns after passing review.

4. Where units larger than a wing participate, the appropriate command designations and

staffing are substituted.

D. Adjutant’s Call. 1. The adjutant takes a position on the final line six paces to the right of the first unit, faces

down line, and begins the ceremony by commanding the band to sound Adjutant’s Call.

a. At the first note of the music, squadron commanders face their units and call them to attention.

b. They halt three paces from the squadrons, align on the wing adjutant, and face to the

right. 2. Group adjutants remain on line until all elements in their groups have come on line. At

adjutant’s cadence, they join the group staff by the most direct route.

E. March On. 1. As soon as Adjutant’s Call is played, in order from right to left in each group, squadron

commanders give the following commands:

a. GUIDE ON LINE; Forward, MARCH; Squadron, HALT; At Close Interval, Dress Right, DRESS; Ready, FRONT; and COVER.

b. On the command GUIDE ON LINE, the guide double times to the final line, halts,

faces to the right, and aligns on the adjutant.

2. The squadron commander halts the squadron so the chest of the first person in the right file touches the right shoulder of the guide.

3. The squadron commander dresses the squadron.

a. After the flight commanders have checked the alignment, the flight commander commands Ready, FRONT and COVER.

b. The squadron commander dresses the squadron.

4. If a larger number of units are participating and considerable time is required for the march on, the commander should give the squadron parade rest after it has been dressed.

5. The guides of squadrons other than the leading squadron align on the guides of

squadrons to their right.

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F. Guidon Bearer. 1. Guidon Bearers execute right face while the

squadron is dressed. 2. They face to the front on the command Ready,

FRONT.

G. Guides Post. 1. After all elements come on line, the band stops

playing and the adjutant marches at adjutant’commander and the front line of commanders.

2. The adjutant halts facing down line of the troops,

loud and distinct voice G-u-i-d-e-s, POST.

H. Sound Off or Trooping the Line. 1. After giving the troops parade rest, the adjutant

commands SOUND OFF. 2. If it is not desired that the band troop the line,

the adjutant commands In Place, SOUND OFF.

3. The commander of troops and staff stand at attenti

I. Officers Center. 1. Immediately after publishing the orders, the

adjutant commands Officers, Center, MARCH; then faces about and takes a position one pace to the right and 1½ paces to rear of commander of troop.

2. (In this section, words and numbers in

parentheses apply when group in line is in line with squadrons in line). On the command OFFICERS, squadron commanders take eight execute carry guidon and take five paces forward (o

a. A Flight commander takes six paces forward (st b. B Flight commander takes four paces forward ( c. C Flight commander takes two paces forward (

102

s cadence to a point between the

Ceremonies

• Guidon Bearer

• Guides Post

• Sound Off or Trooping the Lines.

executes left face, and commands in a

Ceremonies

• Guidon Bearer– Guidon bearers execute right face while the squadron is dressed.

• Guides Post– After all elements come on line, the band stops playing and the

adjutant marches at adjutant’s cadence to a point between the commander and the front line of commanders.

• Sound Off or Trooping the Lines– After giving the troops parade rest, the adjutant commands

SOUND OFF.

on during the sound off ceremony.

(n

a

t

f

two) paces forward; guidon bearers e step backward).

Ceremonies

• Officers Center

• Officers Post

nd fast).

wo steps backward).

our steps backward).


d. Officers and guidon bearers in the rear squadrons (second line of squadrons) move around front line of squadrons on flank nearest center and assume positions on line with other officers and guidon bearers equal to their positions.

3. On the command CENTER, officers and guidon bearers face to the center. 4. On the command MARCH, the band plays and the officers and guidon bearers march

toward the center.

a. The first sergeant occupies the command position in the absence of the commander.

(1) On the commands OFFICERS and CENTER, the first sergeants stand fast. (2) On the command MARCH, each moves by the most direct route around the

flank of his or her respective mass nearest the Colors and halts abreast of front rank.

b. After officers and guidon bearers are positioned and senior group commander

commands Forward, MARCH, each first sergeant moves by the most direct route to command position in front of his or her mass.

5. On reaching the center, each individual halts and automatically faces the front at close

interval. Group commanders and staffs close to the center, maintaining relative unit position.

6. When officers and guidons have reached center and faced to the front, the right and left

flank commanders say Sir, (Ma’am), all in from the right (left).

a. The senior officer then commands Forward, MARCH. b. The center officer or Airman in each rank is the base element, the senior officer

commands Officers, HALT. c. Officers halt and present arms in three counts. (Guidon bearers halt and present

arms in four counts). 7. The commander of troops returns the salute and commands Orders, ARMS to end the

salute and return guidon bearers to carry guidon. 8. If a unit award (Streamers) is to be presented, the commander of troops commands the

appropriate unit guidon Front and Center, MARCH.

J. Officers Post.

1. The commander of troops commands Officers, Post, MARCH. 2. On the command Post, officers, guidon bearers, and first sergeants face about.

103


3. On the command MARCH, they step off.

a. The senior group commander commands Officers, HALT when the leading rank is approximately four paces from the final line.

b. Then the command Post, MARCH is given.

c. Squadron commanders, flight commanders, and guidon bearers execute right (left)

flank upon arriving at their respective units and halt in their original positions in the formation.

d. All face about at the squadron commander’s command Post. e. Guidon bearers return to order guidon. Commander and staffs march to their

positions as a unit. f. At conclusion of these movements, band stops playing.

4. During the execution of officers center, all guidon bearers remain at carry guidon except

when saluting.

K. Presentation of Troops. 1. A distinctive feature of the parade ceremony or

review is the formal presentation of the troops to the commander of troops.

2. Later in the ceremony, the commander of

troops makes a similar presentation of the troops to the reviewing officer, presenting them to the reviewing officer by stating Sir (Ma’am), I present the command. (Honors are given to reviewing officer when the grade is appropriate).

L. Honors.

1. Special military honors are reserved for military an

in ceremonies. 2. In the Air Force, honors consist of Ruffles and Flo

band as authorized by AFR 900-6, attachment 1 to

104

Ceremonies

• Presentation of Troops.– A distinctive feature of the parade ceremony or review is

the formal presentation of the troops to the commander of troops.

• Honors.– Special military honors are reserved for military and

national dignitaries who participate in ceremonies.

d national dignitaries who participate

urishes and appropriate music by the AFMAN 36-2203.


M. Inspection by a Reviewing Officer.

1. Upon announcement by the commander of troops that the command is ready for inspection, the reviewing officer, accompanied by designated members, moves forward and halts six paces in front of the commander of troops.

Ceremonies

• Inspection by a Reviewing Officer.– Upon announcement by the commander of troops that the

commander is ready for inspection, the reviewing officer, accompanied by designated members, moves forward and halts six paces in front of the commander of troops.

– Reviewing Officer may direct the staff and flag to remain at thepost, or accompany the reviewing officer.

– Inspection in motor vehicles.

– As reviewing party approaches, each squadron or group commander brings his or her unit to attention.

a. Band plays while reviewing officer is at the

front, side or rear of an organization. b. The commander of troops then guides the reviewing party around the formation,

beginning with the unit on the right of the line, passing in front of the line and then around the rear of the formation.

2. The reviewing officer may direct the staff and flag to either, remain at the post, or

accompany the reviewing officer. 3. When the inspection is made in motor vehicles, the vehicles drive up to the post of the

reviewing officer after the presentation of the troops or completion of the honors, and the reviewing party enters the vehicles.

a. In each vehicle, one seat on the right side is left vacant; the vehicles move to the post

of the commander of troops and stop. b. The commander of troops exchanges salutes with the reviewing officer, enters the

reviewing officer’s vehicle, and occupies the vacant seat. c. The staff officers occupy the vacant seats in the remaining vehicles.

4. As the reviewing party approaches, each squadron or group commander brings his or her

unit to attention. 5. The reviewing officer and those accompanying the reviewing officer salute the U.S. flag

when passing in front of it.

a. Members of the color guard execute eyes right as members of the inspection party arrive six paces from them, and they follow the same procedures as outlined above.

b. The unit colors are dipped.

6. The reviewing officer makes such general inspection of the command as desired while passing around the troops. (A detailed inspection is not a part of a review.)

7. On arriving at the right of the band after passing around the line, the commander of

troops salutes and halts.

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N. Presentation of Decorations. 1. Presentation of decorations and awards to

military or civilian personnel and the appending of unit decoration streamers, battle honors, and service streamers onto an Air Force organizational flag are made at a parade; same parade may honor persons and units who are to be decorated or receive awards and persons who are retiring. a. Persons to be decorated are positioned

before the start of the ceremony on the right side of the reviewing stand.

Ceremonies

• Presentation of Decorations.– Presentation of decorations and awards to military or civilian

personnel.

– After command has been presented, reviewing officer instructs commander of troops to have persons being decorated and the Colors brought forward.

– Commander of troops commands Order, ARMS.

b. They line up in column according to rank of the decorations to be conferred, with

the highest ranking decoration in front.

2. After command has been presented, reviewing officer instructs commander of troops to have persons to be decorated (receive awards, etc.) and the Colors brought forward.

3. Commander of troops commands Order, ARMS and then commands Persons to be

decorated (receive awards, be retired, etc.) and Colors, CENTER, MARCH.

O. March in Review. 1. When reviewing party is again in place after

inspection of troops in presentation of decorations and awards, commander of troops commands PASS IN REVIEW.

2. On command PASS IN REVIEW, band

changes direction by executing column right, moves out on the route of march, and comes to a halt.

3. In order from right to left, the group com

Squadrons, Right Squadron, Right Turn, MAformation designated for review.

a. On the command Right Squadron, squadron b. On the command Right Turn, each squ

appropriate supplementary command (Right c. Band begins playing and marches forward

group commander.

106

Ceremonies

• March in Review.– On command PASS IN REVIEW band changes direction by

executing column right, moves out on the route of march and comes to a halt.

manders give command Column of RCH to put troops in march in the

commanders face about.

adron commander sounds off with Turn or Stand Fast).

on the command MARCH given by


d. If band is placed between groups in the center facing reviewing stand, it marches forward on the command of execution, inclines to the right, and halts in a position in front of and facing reviewing officer at least 12 paces from the left flank of the marching troops.

e. If band is placed to the right of the groups, other units move out in succession to

follow in column at prescribed distance. 4. The band and each unit change direction at points indicated on the route of march. 5. When units are in mass formation, at each change of direction, the commander of each

squadron (or group if in group formation) in turn commands Left Turn, MARCH. 6. The wing and group commanders and their staffs move into position in the column at

the head of their troops after the second left turn. 7. The proper distance between units, including wing and group staffs and the Colors, is 12

paces. 8. The commander of troops and the wing and group commanders command Eyes,

RIGHT when they arrive six paces from the reviewing stand. 9. After executing ready front, the commander of troops turns out of the column and takes

a post on the right side of the reviewing officer. 10. Band commanders and drum majors execute and end their salutes at the point prescribed

for the other commander. 11. In large commands, two bands may remain alongside each other after they have turned

out of column to alternate playing while the troops pass in review. 12. Each squadron commander (or group commander if the formation is in group

formation) turns his or her head to the right and commands Eyes, RIGHT. 13. Troops, except those on the right flank, execute eyes right; the guidon bearer executes

present guidon.

14. All individuals at the reviewing stand salute the U.S. flag as it passes. 15. The reviewing officer returns the salute of the commander of troops and the salutes of

subordinate commanders down to and including the squadron commanders; other members of the reviewing party do not salute.

107


P. Commander of Troops and Staff. 1. Commanders reviewing their own troops

designate another officer as commander of troops.

2. When the band stops playing the march-on

music, the commander of troops and staff members except the adjutant, take their positions between the front line commanders and the post of the reviewing officer, facing the troops.

3. Staff members do not salute with the commander w 4. In a ceremony, the staff changes post (faces about)

a. When the staff consists of one or two membMARCH by the commander of troops, staff ofand executes an about face automatically witho

b. The commander of troops executes about face t c. When awards are presented, the commander o

posting, the adjutant moves toward the commathe left, halts in position, and executes about fa

5. When the staff consists of more than two memb

MARCH by the commander of troops, the adjutathe left in marching, and advances to a position dia

Q. Reviewing Party.

1. The reviewing officer (the senior officer

participating in the ceremony), local commander (if not acting as commander of troops), distinguished persons invited to accompany the reviewing officer (but not themselves receiving the reviews), staffs, and Airmen take positions facing the troops.

2. The reviewing officer may designate an individual t

review. If this person is military and junior to thposition to the left of the reviewing officer.

3. An officer from the local staff is designated to e

them their proper places.

108

Ceremonies

• Commander of Troops and Staff.– Commanders reviewing their own troops designate another officer as

commander of troops.

– Staff members do not salute with the commander when troops are presented.

– Manner in which staff changes post.

– When staff consists of more than two members.

hen the troops are presented.

in the following manner.

ers, on the command Change Post, ficer moves forward three paces, halts, ut command.

he same time as the staff faces about.

f troops does not reverse the staff. In nder of troops, marches 45 degrees to ce.

ers, on the command Change Post, nt moves four paces forward, faces to gonally opposite the original position.

s

Ceremonies

• Reviewing Party

o return the salute as the units pass in e reviewing officer, he or she takes a

cort distinguished persons and show


a. A civilian receiving a review takes a position on the right of the local commander. b. If necessary, timely explanations of the ceremony are made to the civilian.

R. Sequence of Parade Commands. (See figure 7.6

pages 93-96 of AFMAN)

S. General’s Flagbearer. 1. The general’s flag at the order is the position of

attention. 2. The carry is the position in which the ferrule is

approximately 6 inches from the ground. 3. Parade rest is executed by sliding the hand up the st

forward at arm’s length with the hand at belt level. 4. To execute the order while at the carry, the flagbeare

hand until the ferrule is on the ground, in line witshoe. The staff is regrasped with the right hand as at

5. To execute the carry while at the order, the flagbear

while at the same time loosening the grip of the righ 6. To execute present when at carry or order, the flagb

the staff just under the bottom of the flag. 7. On the arrival of a general officer, the sequence of e

follows.

a. The flagbearer takes a position in front of the airunfurls the flag as the general leaves the vehicle.

b. The flagbearer then takes a position one pace to

of the general. c. During the parade or review, the general’s fla

desires and specifically on the following occasion (1) During the playing of the National Anthem (2) During the playing of Ruffles and Flourishes (3) As the Colors pass by. (4) When the general’s flag is furled or case

flagbearer. (A guidon salute is executed.)

109

Ceremonies

• Sequence of Parade Commands.

• General’s Flag bearer.

General’s Flag at Order

General’s Flag at Present

aff and inclining the staff of the flag

r lets the staff slide through the right h, and touching the toe of the right the carry position.

er grasps the staff with the left hand t hand on the staff.

earer places the left hand so it grasps

vents for the general’s flagbearer is as

craft or staff car, goes to present, and

the right and 1½ paces to the rear

g may be presented as the general s:

or To The Colors.

.

d and a salute is required by the


T. Relay of Commands to Troops.

1. If there is only one group participating in the

ceremony, the adjutant and commander of troops give commands directly to the troops.

2. If the formation consists of a wing with two or

more groups, the adjutant and commander of troops relay their commands through the group commanders, such as Give Your Groups Parade Rest.

3. If the formation consists of two or more wings, the commands are relayed from the

adjutant or commander of troops to the wing commanders and then to the group commanders, who give the commands to the troops.


Define parade and parade ceremony. A parade is a review with honors. A parade ceremony is also a ceremony within itself when respect is paid to the U.S. Flag as a retreat.

List three items that should appear on suggested checklist for Commander of Troops.

The established time, date, and place; type of ceremony, honors, or decorations, select who will perform in command positions and as color guard (refer to page 79 for other checklist items.)

Ceremonies

• Relay of Commands to Troops.– If there is only one group participating in the

ceremony, the adjutant and commander of troops give commands directly to the troops.

Ceremonies

• Raising and Lowering the Flag– Reveille

• Reveille is the signal for the start of the official duty day.

• Because the time for the start of the duty day varies between bases, the commander designates the specified time for reveille.

• Events accompanying flag raising at the Reveille Ceremony.

TRANSITION The topic we will discuss next is Raising and Lowering the Flag.

III. Raising and Lowering the Flag. (Section C)

A. Reveille. 1. Reveille is the signal for the start of the official

duty day. Because the time for the start of the duty day varies between bases, the commander designates the specified time for reveille.

a. If the commander desires, a reveille ceremony may accompany the raising of the flag. b. This ceremony takes place in the vicinity of the base flagstaff and is held after sunrise.

110


2. In the unit area, reveille is normally held using the formation of squadron in line. This formation is used when a reveille ceremony is not held at the base flagstaff.

B. Events Accompanying Flag Raising at the Reveille Ceremony.

1. Shortly before the specified time for reveille, troops are marched to a pre-designated

position near the base flagstaff, halted, faced toward the flagstaff, and dressed. The flag security detail arrives at the flagstaff at this time and remains at attention.

2. The unit commander commands Parade REST. 3. At the specified time for reveille, the unit commander commands SOUND REVEILLE.

The flag detail assumes the position of attention, moves to the flagstaff, and attaches the flag to the halyards.

4. After reveille has been played, the unit commander commands Squadron ATTENTION

and Present ARMS and then faces the flagstaff and executes present arms. (On this signal, the National Anthem or To The Colors is sounded).

5. On the first note of the National Anthem or To The Colors, the flag security detail

begins to raise the flag briskly. The senior member of the detail holds the flag to keep it from touching the ground.

6. The unit commander holds the salute until the last note of the music is played.

a. Then he or she executes order arms, faces about, and commands Order, ARMS. b. The troops are then marched back to the dismissal area.

C. Raising the Flag.

1. When practical, a detail consisting of an NCO

and two Airmen hoists the flag. This detail should be armed with sidearms (if the special equipment of the guard includes sidearms).

2. The detail is formed in line with the NCO

carrying the flag in the center.

a. The detail is then marched to the flagstaff and halted, and the flag is attached to the halyards.

Ceremonies

• Raising the Flag– A detail consisting of an NCO and two Airmen hoists

flag when practical.

– Detail is formed in line with the NCO carrying the flag in the center.

b. The flag is always raised and lowered from the leeward side of the flagstaff. c. The two Airmen attend the halyards, taking a position facing the staff to hoist the

flag without entangling the halyards.

111


d. The NCO continues to hold the flag until it is hoisted clear of the grasp, taking particular care that no portion of the flag touches the ground.

e. When the flag is clear of the grasp, the NCO comes to attention and executes present

arms. 3. On the last note of the music or after the flag has been hoisted to the staff head, all

members of the detail execute order arms on command of the senior member.

a. The halyards are then secured to the cleat of the staff or, if appropriate, the flag is lowered to half staff and the halyard secured.

b. The detail is formed again and marched to the dismissal area.

D. Retreat Ceremony. 1. The retreat ceremony serves a twofold purpose.

a. It signals the end of the official duty day and serves as a ceremony for paying respect to the flag.

b. Because the time for the end of the duty day

varies, the commander designates the specific time for the retreat ceremony.

2. The retreat ceremony may take place at the squadr

in the vicinity of the flagstaff.

a. If conducted at the base parade ground, retreat b. If conducted within the squadron area, it is

parade. c. If the retreat ceremony is conducted at the fla

formed in line or they may be massed. 3. When persons not assigned to a formation are outd

of retreat, they should face the flag (if visible) or mrest.

E. Events Accompanying Retreat Ceremony at the Flagsta

1. Shortly before the specified time for retreat, the

ceremony are positioned facing the flagstaff and dflagstaff, the band precedes the troops participating

112

Ceremonies

• Retreat Ceremony – Retreat ceremony serves a twofold purpose.

• It signals the end of the official duty day.

• It serves as a ceremony for paying respect to the flag.

– The ceremony may take place at the squadron area, on the base parade ground, or in the vicinity of the flagstaff.

• Events Accompanying Retreat Ceremony at the Flagstaff.

on area, on the base parade ground, or

is a part of the parade ceremony.

usually a ceremony not involving a

gstaff, the units participating may be

oors and in uniform, on the first note usic and assume the position of parade

ff.

band and troops participating in the ressed. If marching to and from the in the ceremony.


2. If the band and troops march to the flagstaff, a flag security detail also marches to the flagstaff, halts, and is given the command Parade, REST by the senior member.

3. As soon as the troops are dressed, the commander commands Parade, REST. The

commander then faces the flagstaff, assumes the position of the troops, and waits for the specified time for retreat.

4. Commander orders band leader to sound retreat at the specified time by commanding

SOUND RETREAT. 5. The band plays retreat. Recorded music may be played over the base public address

system if a band is not present.

6. After the band finishes playing retreat, the commander faces about and commands Squadron (Group, etc.), ATTENTION.

7. The commander then command Present, ARMS.

8. The band plays the National Anthem or the bugler plays To The Colors. Junior

members of the flag security detail lower the flag slowly and with dignity. 9. The commander executes order arms when the last note of the music is played and the

flag has been securely grasped. The commander faces about, gives the troops Order, ARMS, and then faces to the front.

10. The flag security detail folds the flag. The senior Airman of the detail remains at

attention while the flag is being folded unless he or she is needed to control the flag. 11. When the flag is folded, the flag security detail, with the senior Airman on the right and

the flagbearer in the center, marches to a position three paces from the commander. (In an informal ceremony, the detail marches three paces from the officer of the day.)

a. The senior Airman salutes and reports Sir (Ma’am), the flag is secured. b. The commander returns the salute, and the flag security detail marches away. The

troops are then marched to their areas and dismissed.

F. Lowering the Flag.

Ceremonies

• Lowering the Flag.– When practical, the person lowering the flag should be

an NCO and three Airmen for the all-purpose flag and an NCO and five Airmen for the base flag.

1. When practical, the person lowering the flag

should be an NCO and three Airmen for the all-purpose flag and an NCO and five Airmen for the base flag.

a. The detail is formed and marched to the

flagstaff, and the halyards are detached and attended from the leeward side.

113


b. On the first note of the National Anthem or, if no band is present, To The Colors, the members of the detail not lowering the flag execute present arms.

c. The lowering of the flag is coordinated with the playing of the music so the two are

completed at the same time. d. The senior member commands the detail Order, ARMS when the flag is low enough

to be received. e. If at half staff, the flag is hoisted briskly to the staff head while retreat is sounded, and

then it is lowered on the first note of the National Anthem or To The Colors. 2. The flag is detached from the halyards and folded. Halyards are secured to the staff.

INTERIM SUMMARY QUESTIONS: ANTICIPATED RESPONSES: Define reveille. Reveille is the signal for the start of the

official duty day.

Who designates the specified time for Reveille?

The commander.

Who is responsible for hoisting the flag?

When practical, a detail consisting of an NCO and two Airmen hoists the flag.

What is the purpose of a retreat ceremony?

The retreat serves a twofold purpose. It signals the end of the official duty day and serves as a ceremony for paying respect to the flag.

Where does the retreat ceremony take place?

At the squadron area, on the base parade ground, or in the vicinity of the flagstaff.

When persons not assigned to a formation are outdoors and in uniform, what must they do on the first note of retreat?

They should face the flag (if visible) or music and assume the position of parade rest.

Who is in charge of lowering the flag? When practical, the persons lowering the flag should be an NCO and three Airmen for the all-purpose flag and an NCO and five Airmen for the base flag.

TRANSITION The next topic we will discuss is Change of Command.

114


Ceremonies

• Change of Command– Sequence of Events.

– Flag procedures for General Officers.

IV. Change of Command (Section D)

A. Sequence of Events. 1. Formation of troops. 2. Presentation of troops and honors to the senior

commander, when participating, and the former commander.

3. Inspection of troops. 4. Presentation of decorations and awards if scheduled. 5. Formal change of command. This may include a brief address by participating

commander if he or she desires. 6. March in review.

B. Flag Procedures for General Officers.

1. When the former and new commanders are general officers, the flag of the former

commander is furled and cased when relieved of command. At the same time, the flag of the new commander is uncased and unfurled on assumption of command.

2. Ruffles and Flourishes and other music must be appropriate to the grade of the senior

commander participating in the review.

C. Formal Change of Command. 1. If the higher echelon commander desires, the

change of command may be performed off and in front of the reviewing stand.

2. The primary purpose of a change of command

ceremony is to allow subordinates to witness the formality of command change from one officer to another.

3. At a parade ceremony attended by the higher echelo

a. The order directing the change of commandecorations and award, if scheduled.

b. Otherwise, the order is read after the National A

the normal review sequence.

115

Ceremonies

• Formal Change of Command.– Primary purpose of change of command ceremony is to

allow subordinates to witness the formality of command change from one officer to another.

n commander:

d is read after the presentation of

nthem and officers center portion in


4. After the order is read, the higher echelon commander faces left, and the new and former commanders face right. The new commander steps up to the left of the former commander.

5. The former commander salutes the higher echelon commander and says loudly Sir

(Ma’am), I relinquish command.

a. The higher echelon commander returns the salute. b. The former commander takes two steps straight back into the space previously

occupied by the new commander.

6. The new commander takes two sidesteps to the right into the space previously occupied by the former commander, salutes the higher echelon commander, and says loudly Sir (Ma’am), I assume command.

7. The commander of troops then directs the formation to be brought to present arms and

presents the command to the higher echelon commander, who directs the march in review.

8. At a parade ceremony not attended by the higher echelon commander, the order

directing the change of command is read after the presentation of decorations and award, if scheduled.

9. The flagbearers may change positions at the same time and in the same manner as their

respective commanders. 10. The ceremony should be performed after the Colors are brought forward for the

National Anthem, whether it is a parade or a review sequence (change of command only).

11. If no decorations are awarded, the higher echelon commander directs the commander of

troops to have the Colors come forward. 12. The higher echelon commander steps off the reviewing stand and moves to a position

directly in front of the former commander. 13. When the new commander is in position, the former commander steps forward and to

the left into the new commander’s previous position. At the appropriate time, the new commander salutes and reports Sir (Ma’am), I assume command.

14. When salutes have been exchanged, the higher echelon commander directs the new and

former commanders to join him or her on the reviewing stand. 15. The Colors return to their original position once the commanders depart for the

reviewing stand.

116



List the sequence of events during a change of command ceremony.

Formation of troops; presentation of troops and honors to the senior commander and the former commander, inspection of troops, presentation of decorations and awards if scheduled, formal change of command, and march in review.

TRANSITION The last topic we will discuss in this chapter is Colors. V. Colors. (Section E)

A. Color Guard. 1. When practical, the color guard consists of two

NCOs (the flagbearers) and two experienced Airmen (the guards).

2. The carrying of the U.S. and Air Force flags is

an honor bestowed only on responsible NCOs. 3. The flagbearers are unarmed. The guards are

armed with rifles or revolvers, but ammunition will not be issued to color guards performing a strictly ceremonial function.

a. The senior flagbearer carries the U.S. flag, com

necessary commands for movements and rende b. The junior flagbearer carries the Air Force flag.

4. With the flagbearers in the center, the color guard close interval.

a. When the unit to which the color guard is atta

color guard, on command of the senior flagbear b. To halt the color guard, give the command Co c. When the unit to which the color guard is atta

the color guard executes half right (left) about. d. When the unit moves in a new direction for sh

the about movement and halts in its proper pla

117

Ceremonies

• Colors– Color Guard.

• Color guard consists of two NCOs and two experienced Airmen, when practical.

• Flag bearers are unarmed.

• Senior flag bearer carries the U.S. flag.

• Junior flag bearer carries Air Force flag.

• Air Force flag is never carried without the U.S. flag.

mands the color guard, and gives the ring honors.

is formed and marched in one rank at

ched executes a facing movement, the er, executes a right or left about.

lor Guard, Halt.

ched marches to the flank in column,

ort distances, the color guard executes ce.


e. The base or pivot point is the guard on the flank toward which the movement is directed.

f. Each member turns (without pivot) around this point and maintains dress until the

new direction is established. 5. On command of the senior flagbearer, the guards of the color guard present arms on

receiving and parting with the U.S. flag. 6. Having received the U.S. flag, the senior flagbearer conducts the color guard to its proper

position in the center of the color squadron. After securing the U.S. flag, the color guard is dismissed by the senior flagbearer.

7. At drills and ceremonies in which the U.S. and Air Force flags are carried (except escort

of the U.S. flag), the U.S. and the Air Force flags are received by the color squadron before the formation of the command.

8. The color squadron, formed with a 12-pace interval between flights and with its

commander facing the front, receives the Colors as follows:

a. The color guard, conducted by the senior flagbearer, approaches from the front and halts at a distance of 12 paces from the squadron commander.

b. The squadron commander then faces the squadron and brings it to present arms,

faces the U.S. flag, and salutes. c. After a brief moment, the squadron commander again faces the squadron and brings

it to order arms. d. The guards of the color guard execute present and order arms with the color

squadron. e. The senior flagbearer then marches the color guard directly to its post. The color

guard takes its position in the center when the squadron is in line or column and on the left when the squadron is in mass.

f. When the color squadron joins the formation, the color guard takes its post on the

final line. 9. When in formation, the color guard executes at ease and rest with the color squadron,

keeping the staffs on the U.S. and Air Force flags vertical. 10. When dismissing the color guard at the end of a drill or ceremony in which the U.S. and

Air force flags have been carried, the color guard proceeds from its position and halts in front of and faces the squadron commander of the color squadron.

a. The squadron presents arms. The color guard then escorts the U.S. and Air Force

flags to the commanders office or other depository of flags.

118


b. The color guard is dismissed from organizations smaller than a squadron (funeral

escort) in a similar manner.

B. Manual of the Colors. 1. Position of the Flags at the Order.

a. At the order, the flagbearer rests the ferrule of the staff on the ground on line with and touching the toe of the right shoe.

b. With the right hand, the staff is clasped at a

convenient place, keeping the back of the hand to the right and holding the staff in a verti

2. Positions of the Flag at the Carry.

a. At the carry, the ferrule of the staff rests in the s b. The flagbearer grasps the staff with the right ha

using the left hand to steady the staff in a strong c. The staff is inclined slightly to the front. The f

adjutant directs GIVE YOUR GROUPS PRES

3. Position of the Flag at Parade Rest.

a. Parade rest with the flag is similar to the parade rest for the individual Airman except the flagbearer keeps the staff vertical.

b. The order is resumed on the command

ATTENTION. The order and parade rest are executed with the color squadron.

C. Escort of the U.S. Flag.

1. Escort my be executed in the following

circumstances:

a. During the ceremony for a parade (when the group or wing formally receives the U.S. flag as a part of the ceremony).

b. Before the ceremony for a parade (when the

troops are formed as a unit on a separate parade area and marched to the designated area)

119

Ceremonies• Manual of the Colors.

– Position of the Flags at the Order.

– Position of the Flags at the Carry.

Flags at the OrderFlags at the Carry

cal position.

ocket of the sling.

nd at the height of the shoulder, only wind.

lagbearer comes to the carry when the ENT ARMS.

Ceremonies

• Manual of the Colors. (Continued)– Position of the Flag at

Parade Rest.

.

Ceremonies

• Escort of the U.S. Flag.– Escort may be executed in the following circumstances.

• During the ceremony for a parade.

• Before the ceremony for a parade.


2. When the ceremony or escort of the U.S. flag is to take place, the color guard obtains the

Air Force flag and takes its post with the ceremonial color squadron before the group is formed.

3. After the wing is in line and the entire color guard is in position with the Air Force flag

(but without the U.S. flag), the group commander details a squadron (other than the ceremonial color squadron) to receive and escort the U.S. flag to its place.

4. The band moves straight to its front until clear of the line of group commanders,

changes direction (if necessary), and halts. The designated squadron forms a column of flight 18 paces in the rear of the band with the ceremonial flagbearer in the rear of the leading flight.

5. The escort then marches without music to the wing (group) commander’s office and

forms in line facing the entrance. 6. The flagbearer of the U.S. flag, preceded by the senior flight commander of the escort

squadron and followed by a designated NCO of the escort squadron, obtains the U.S. flag.

7. The flagbearer of the U.S. flag returns, followed by the flight commanders and the

NCO.

a. The flagbearer halts before the entrance, facing the escort squadron. b. The flight commander takes a position on the right and the NCO on the left of the

flagbearer of the U.S. flag. c. The escort squadron is then brought to present arms, and the band plays the

National Anthem or To The Colors. d. The flight commander and NCO salute on the command of the squadron

commander.

8. At the last note of the music, the squadron commander brings the squadron to order arms.

a. The flight commander and NCO end their salutes and return to their posts in the

squadron. b. The squadron is formed in column, and the band posts in front of the column. c. The flagbearer takes a position to the center in the rear of the center flight. d. The escort squadron then marches in quick time back to the parade area with the

band playing.

120


e. The squadron enters from the right of the troops and moves parallel to the front of the troops, arriving at a point 24 paces in front of the commander of troops.

9. When the U.S. flag arrives opposite the center of the wing (group), the escort squadron

and band are formed in line facing the wing (group). 10. Once the flagbearer halts, the wing (group) commander faces about and commands

Present, ARMS.

D. Salutes by Flags. 1. The Air Force flag is dipped in salute in all

military ceremonies when the National Anthem or To The Colors is played and when rendering honors.

a. In marching, the Air Force flag is dipped in

salute when it is approximately six paces from the front of the person entitled to the salute.

b. It resumes the carry when it is approximately si

2. When passing in review, the color guard executes e

the reviewing officer on command of the senior flaright flank of the color guard execute eyes right.

E. Courtesies to the U.S. Flag.

1. Flags flown from stationary flagstaffs on bases are

saluted only at reveille, retreat, and special occasions.

a. Small flags and flags on halfstaff are not

saluted. b. Cased and folded flags are not saluted.

2. Military personnel passing an uncased U.S. flag

reaching the flag and hold the salute until they beyond it.

3. Likewise, when an uncased U.S. flag passes by, m

six paces before the flag is even with them and hoapproximately six paces beyond them.

121

Ceremonies

• Salutes by Flags.

Position of Flags at the SalutePosition of Flags and Color Guard

at Eyes Right

x paces beyond that person.

yes right approximately six paces from gbearer. All except the person on the

s

i

Ceremonies

• Courtesies to the U.S. Flag– Small flags and flags on halfstaff are not saluted.

– Cased and folded flags are not saluted.

• Saluting When the National Anthem or to the Colors is played.– The U.S. Flag is symbolic of the United States and the principles for

which it stands.

– The National Anthem is a declaration of reverence and loyalty to the United States with the flag as an emblem.

alute approximately six paces before have passed approximately six paces

litary personnel salute approximately ld the salute until the flag has passed


F. Saluting When the National Anthem or To The Colors is Played. 1. The U.S. flag is symbolic of the United States and the principles for which it stands.

The National Anthem is a declaration of reverence and loyalty to the United States with the flag as an emblem.

2. On certain occasions, such as during inclement weather or when a band is not present

for a retreat ceremony, To The Colors is played instead of the National Anthem. 3. To The Colors is a bugle call sounded as a salute to the flag and it symbolizes respect to

the nation and the flag the same as the National Anthem does. a. When in uniform in formation, but not a part of a ceremony, the unit commander

commands present arms when the National Anthem or To The Colors is played.

b. The unit should be faced toward the flag before being given present arms.

4. When in uniform, but not in formation;

a. Outdoors, at any ceremony where the U.S. flag is present come to attention, face the flag in the ceremony, and salute.

b. At sporting events, if the flag is visible, face the flag and salute. c. If the flag is not visible, face the band and salute in its direction. d. If the music is recorded, face the front and salute. e. At all other outdoor occasions, follow the same general principle, come to attention,

salute, and face the flag, if visible, or the music. 5. Indoors, when the National Anthem or To The Colors is played, face the flag (if present)

and assume the position of attention. a. If no flag is present, assume the position of attention facing the music. b. Do not salute unless under arms.

6. When in civilian clothing outdoors, take the same action as when in uniform, but use the

following manner of saluting.

a. Men remove the headdress with the right hand and hold it at the left shoulder with the right hand over the heart.

b. Men without hats and women salute by standing at attention and placing the right

hand over the heart.

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7. When in civilian clothing indoors, render the civilian salute by standing at attention and placing the right hand over the heart.

8. In vehicles during an Air Force flag ceremony, the driver brings the moving vehicle to a

stop at the first note of the National Anthem or To The Colors. Personnel in vehicles, including the driver, remain seated at attention.

9. Air Force photographers and camera operators render appropriate honors except when

they are specifically assigned to photograph others rendering honors. 10. Flags and national anthems of friendly foreign countries are shown the same marks of

respect.

G. Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag. 1. In military formations and ceremonies, the

Pledge of Allegiance is not recited. 2. At protocol functions and social and sporting

events that include civilian participants, military personnel should:

a. When in uniform outdoors, stand at

attention, remain silent, face the flag, and rende b. When in uniform indoors, stand at attention, re

(1) Do not render the hand salute. (2) Where the participants are primarily civili

Pledge of Allegiance is optional for those in c. When in civilian attire, recite the Pledge of Al

the flag with the right hand over the heart. Methe right hand and hold it over their left shoulde

H. Army, Navy, and Air Force Gun Salutes.

1. When gun salutes are fired at Army or Navy

installations to honor a living person, all individuals in the ceremonial party salute and spectators stand at attention. When gun salutes are fired on Independence Day and Memorial Day, all individuals face the flag, if visible, or the site of the saluting guns, if the flag is not visible, and salute.

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r the hand salute.

Ceremonies

• Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.– In military formations and ceremonies, the Pledge of Allegiance is

not recited.

– When in uniform outdoors.

– When in uniform indoors.

main silent, and face the flag.

ans or in civilian attire, reciting the uniform.

legiance standing at attention, facing n should remove their headdress with r, hand over the heart.

Ceremonies

• Army, Navy, and Air Force Gun Salutes.

• Prevention of Fainting by Person Participating in Ceremonies.


2. In the Air Force, gun salutes are not fired during any parade, reveille, or retreat ceremony.

I. Prevention of Fainting by Persons Participating in Ceremonies.

1. Commanders and supervisors responsible for the conduct of military ceremonies such as honor guard functions, parades, and change of command ceremonies will take necessary precautions to minimize instances of fainting and possible injury to personnel.

2. When preparing for ceremonies, consider the duration of the event, climatic conditions, and instances where personnel are required to stand at a fixed position for prolonged periods of time. The following guidelines apply:

a. Ensure duration is as short as practical while keeping with the demands of the ceremonies.

b. Deploy units in time for alignment of personnel and placement of the Colors within

formation, but without excessive waiting time.

c. When appropriate, maintain a position of at ease until the arrival of distinguished persons or the senior commander.

d. The commander of troops should consider maximum use of the positions of parade rest or at ease according to the demands of the ceremony and climatic conditions. Troops should be in a position of at ease or parade rest for speeches or lengthy events during the ceremony.

e. Participants should be instructed that, if they experience symptoms of becoming ill, they may leave the formation.

f. In preparation for a ceremony, practice sessions should be conducted with the same duration and sequence of events that personnel will encounter in the ceremony.

INTERIM SUMMARY QUESTIONS: ANTICIPATED RESPONSES: Who is in the color guard? When practical the color guard consists of

two NCOs (the flagbearers) and two experienced Airmen (the guards).

How is escort of the flag executed? During the ceremony for a parade (when the group or wing formally receive the U.S. flag as part of the ceremony) and before the ceremony for parade (when the troops are formed as a unit on a separate parade area and marched to the designated area).

When are flags that are flown on stationary flagstaffs on bases saluted?

Only at reveille, retreat, and special occasions.

What is To The Colors? To The Colors is a bugle call sounded as a salute to the flag and it symbolizes respect to the nation and the flag the same as the National Anthem does.

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CONCLUSION TRANSITION We have concluded our study of chapter seven by focusing on Ceremonies. We will now summarize what was discussed in this chapter. SUMMARY In this chapter we have covered the purpose of a ceremony, order of precedence when foreign troops are invited to participate in a ceremony, the parade ceremony, raising and lowering of the flag, the change of command ceremony, and colors to include the color guard, manual of the colors, escort of the U.S. Flag, courtesies to the flag, saluting when the National Anthem or To The Colors is played, and the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag. REMOTIVATION/CLOSURE As AFJROTC cadets you will be participating in drill and ceremonies at your units and hopefully the information covered in this chapter will be helpful to you as you compete in various drill meets and represent your school and your community locally and nationally.

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Student Workbook Answer Key

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Chapter 1

Introduction to Drill and Ceremonies

A. Define, Describe, or Identify: 1. Drill – consists of certain movements by which the flight or squadron is moved in an orderly

manner from one formation to another or from one place to another. (p. 6) 2. Cadence - the uniform step and rhythm in marching; that is, the number of steps marched per

minute. (pp. 7, 8) 3. Ceremonies - special, formal, group activities conducted by the Armed Forces to honor

distinguished persons or recognize special events. (p. 7) 4. Slow Time - the rate of marching at 60 steps per minute (used in funeral ceremonies). (p. 10) 5. Reviewing Officer - the senior officer participating in a parade or review. (p. 10) 6. Mark Time - marching in place at a rate of 100 to 120 steps per minute. (p. 9) 7. Quick Time - the rate of marching at 100 to 120 steps (12 to 24 inches in length) per minute.

(p. 10) 8. Element - the basic formation; that is, the smallest drill unit comprised of at least 3, but usually

8 to 12 individuals, one of whom is designated the element leader. (p. 8) 9. Cover - individuals aligning themselves directly behind the person to their immediate front

while maintaining proper distance. (p. 8) 10. Pace - a step of 24 inches. This is the length of a full step in quick time. (p. 10) 11. Line of March - a line followed by troops as they pass in review. (p. 9) 12. Ready Line - a forming line 20 paces to the rear of the final line where troops are formed for a

parade or review at an established time prior to Adjutant’s Call. (p. 10) 13. Center - the middle point of a formation. On an odd-numbered front, the center is the center

person or element. On an even-numbered front, the center is the right center person or element. (p. 8)

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B. Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the word or words necessary to complete the statement. 1. The rate of marching at 60 steps per minute is known as slow time. (p. 10) 2. The formation of a squadron or group in which the component units are in column, abreast of

each other, and at close interval is called mass formation. (p. 10) 3. The extreme right or left side of a formation in line or in column is called the flank. (p. 9) 4. Rank is a single line of persons placed side by side. (p. 10) 5. BY THE NUMBERS is the method in which precision movements of two or more counts are

demonstrated, practiced, and learned–one count at a time. (p. 11) 6. The Airman designated to regulate the direction and rate of march is called the guide. (p. 9) 7. Dress is the alignment of elements side by side or in line maintaining proper interval. (p. 8) 8. The space between individuals placed side by side is called interval. (p. 9) 9. A normal interval is arm’s length and a close interval is 4 inches. (p. 9) 10. Front is the space occupied by a unit, measured from flank to flank. (p. 9)

C. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that correctly answers the question or completes the statement. 1. The arrangement of units side by side with guide and element leaders at the head is known as

___________________.

a. in line. *b. in column. (p. 9) c. inverted column. d. inverted line.

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2. The arrangement of units one behind the other with the guide and element leaders to the

extreme left flank is called ______________________.

a. in line. *b. inverted line. (p. 9) c. inverted column. d. in column.

3. The arrangement of units one behind the other with the guide and element leader to the extreme

right flank is called ____________________.

*a. in line. (p. 9) b. inverted column. c. inverted line. d. in column.

4. The arrangement of units side by side with guide and element leaders to the rear is known as an

_________________.

a. inverted line. *b. inverted column. (p. 9) c. in line. d. in column.

5. The line on which the adjutant forms the front rank of troops for a parade or review is called the

___________________.

*a. final line. (p. 8) b. inverted line. c. line of march. d. ready line.

6. A forming line 20 paces to the rear of the final line where troops are formed for a parade or

review at an established time before Adjutant’s Call is called a (an) ______________________.

a. inverted line. b. line of march. *c. ready line. (p. 10) d. final line.

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D. Matching:

Match the definitions in column A with the terms in Column B.

Column A Column B

d 1. Rate of marching at 180 steps (30 inches in length) per minute. (p. 8)

h 2. A single column of persons placed one behind the other. (p. 8)

i 3. The correct place for an officer, noncommissioned officer, or Airman to stand while in formation. (p. 10)

j 4. Any portion of a given formation. (p. 10)

a 5. The distance measured from heel to heel between the feet of an individual arching. (p. 10)

e 6. The leading unit of a column. (p. 9)

k 7. Dress and cover. (p. 7)

b 8. At least two, but not more than four, elements. (p. 9)

f 9. An arrangement of units. (p. 9)

c 10. The total space from front to rear of any formation. (p. 8)

g 11. The element on which a movement is planned, regulated, or aligned. (p. 7)

m 12. A ceremonial position occupied by the junior member of the command staff in reviews and parades and responsible to the troop or group commander. (p. 7)

l 13. The space from front to rear between units. (p. 8)

a. Step b. Flight c. Depth d. Double Time e. Head f. Formation g. Base h. File i. Post j. Unit k. Alignment l. Distance m. Adjutant

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E. True/False:

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true, and an F in the blank if the statement is false. T 1. For drill instruction, movement of troops, and other formations, the senior member

present will assume the leadership position. (p. 10) T 2. BY THE NUMBERS enables the student to learn a movement step by step and permits

the instructor to make detailed corrections. (p. 11) T 3. Standards such as the 24-inch step, cadence of 100 to 120 steps per minute, distance,

and interval have been established to ensure movements are executed with order and precision. (p. 6)

F 4. The wing does drill by direct command. (p. 6) T 5. Ceremonies are special, formal, group activities conducted by the Armed Forces to honor

distinguished persons or recognize special events. (p. 7) F 6. Adjutant is the element on which the movement is planned, regulated, or aligned. (p. 7) T 7. The precision marching, promptness in responding to commands, and teamwork

developed on the drill field determine the appearance and performance of the group in ceremonies. (p. 7)

T 8. The total space from front to rear of any formation is the depth. (p. 8) F 9. On an even-numbered front, the center is the left center person or element. (p. 8) F 10. A normal interval is measured from flank to flank and is considered to be 22 inches.

(p. 9)

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F. List or Describe:

1. List the step-by-step procedure involved in teaching drill movements. (p. 11)

- State the name of the movement to be executed, and point out its purpose. - Demonstrate the movement to the formation, using the proper cadence and commands. - Explain and demonstrate the movement in detail. - Ask questions on the movement, then demonstrate it again when further clarification is

needed. - Have the formation perform the movement and make on-the-spot corrections. - Critique the performance of the movement and review important areas before moving on to

the next exercise. 2. What is mass formation? (p.10)

- The formation of a squadron or group in which the component units are in column, abreast of each other, and at close interval.

3. What is the space from front to rear between units considered to be? (p. 8)

- Distance

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Exercise Shown below is a chart of symbols. In the space provided next to each symbol, identify that symbol. The first one has been done for you. (p. 7)

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Exercise Below is a list of nine terms previously defined in Chapter 1. Each of these terms can be associated with either figure 1.3 (File) or figure 1.4 (Rank). These figures are also shown below. In the space provided next to each term, write the number of the figure (1.3 or 1.4) to which the term can be related. For example, the term “In Line” is defined as the arrangement of units one behind the other with the guide and element leader to the extreme right flank. Notice the cadets in figure 1.4; they are standing side by side, therefore, they are in line and figure 1.4 should be written in the space provided next to the term “In Line”. You may refer to Chapter 1 for a review of the terms. (pp. 7-10)

Figure 1.3. File Figure 1.4. Rank. Figure 1.4 a. In Line. Figure 1.3 b. In Column. Figure 1.4 c. Interval. Figure 1.3 d. Cover. Figure 1.3 e. Depth. Figure 1.3 f. Head. Figure 1.4 g. Alignment. Figure 1.4 h. Dress. Figure 1.3 i. Distance.

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Exercise

Several of the remaining terms from Chapter 1 are graphically portrayed in figure 1.2 “Formations.” Provided below is a list of terms, place a check in the space provided next to those terms that are portrayed in figure 1.2. You may refer to pages 7-10 of your text for a review of the terms. The first one has been done for you. (pp. 7-10)

Figure 1.2. Formations. a. Double Time.

√ b. Flank.

√ c. Formation. d. Mark Time. e. Post.

√ f. Front.

√ g. Base.

√ h. Guide. i. Half Staff. √ j. Center.

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Chapter 2

Commands and the Command Voice

A. Define, Describe, or Identify: 1. Drill Command – is an oral order. (p. 11)

2. Command of Execution - this command follows the preparatory command and explains when

the movement will be carried out. In Forward, MARCH, the command of execution is MARCH. (p. 12)

3. Preparatory Command - this command explains what the movement will be. (p. 11)

4. Informational Commands - have no preparatory command or command of execution, and they are not supplementary. (p. 12)

5. Voice Characteristics – the way a command is given affects the way the movement is executed. (p. 13)

6. Cadence – is the measure or beat of movement. (p. 15)

7. Mass Commands – helps develops confidence, self-reliance, assertiveness, and enthusiasm by making the individual recall, give, and execute the proper commands. (p. 17)

8. Counting Cadence – helps teach coordination and rhythm. (p. 15)

B. Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the word or words necessary to complete the statement. 1. The command for the element to count cadence is Count Cadence, COUNT, and the

command of execution is given as the left foot strikes the ground. (p. 15)

2. Supplementary commands are given between the element commander’s preparatory command and the command of execution. (p. 12)

3. When the drill instructor wants to conduct drill by mass commands, the command is AT YOUR COMMAND. (p. 17)

4. To end mass commands, the instructor commands AT MY COMMAND. (p. 17)

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5. The volume used in giving a command is called loudness and it should be adjusted to the

distance and number of individuals in the formation. (p. 13)

6. The interval between the last word of the preparatory command and the command of execution should normally be three steps or counts between commands if the total formation is larger than that of a flight. (p. 15)

7. Good military bearing is necessary for good leadership. (p. 12)

8. In counting cadence in the movement Right Step, the count of ONE is given on the right foot because the right foot is moved first. (p. 17)

9. Most drill commands have two parts, the preparatory command and the command of execution. (p. 11)

10. A properly delivered command of execution has no inflection. (p. 15)

11. When there are two or more words in a command, the point of emphasis will be placed on the last word. (p. 15)

C. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that correctly answers the question or completes the statement. 1. ___________________ depends on the correct use of the tongue, lips, and teeth to form the

separate sounds of a word and to group those sounds to force words.

* a. Distinctness (p. 13) b. Inflection c. Snap d. Projection

2. ___________________ is the change in pitch of the voice.

a. Snap *b. Inflection (p. 15) c. Projection d. Distinctness

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3. ______________________ help develop confidence, self-reliance, assertiveness, and enthusiasm

by making the individual recall, give, and execute the proper commands.

a. Preparatory commands b. Supplementary commands *c. Mass commands (p. 17) d. Informational commands

4. __________________ is that extra quality in a command that demands immediate response

and expresses confidence and decisiveness.

a. Distinctiveness b. Projection c. Inflection *d. Snap (p. 15)

5. _________________ are given when one unit of the element must execute a movement different from the other units or must execute the same movement at a different time.

a. Commands of execution *b. Supplementary commands (p. 12) c. Preparatory commands d. Informational commands

6. The ability of your voice to reach whatever distance is desired without undue strain is

__________________.

a. inflection b. distinctiveness c. snap *d. projection (p. 13)

7. The ________________________ explains what the movement will be.

a. supplementary command b. informational command c. command of execution *d. preparatory command (p. 11)

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8. The ____________________________ explains when the movement will be carried out.

*a. command of execution (p. 12) b. preparatory command c. supplementary command d. informative command

9. Which of the following is the correct way for a group to count cadence?

*a. ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR; ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR. (p. 15) b. ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE, SIX, SEVEN, EIGHT. c. HUT, TOOP, THREEP FOURP; HUT, TOOP, THREEP, FOURP. d. ONE TWO; ONE TWO; ONE TWO; ONE TWO.

D. True/False:

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true, and an F in the blank if the statement is false.

T 1. For a squadron or larger unit, the interval between the squadron or group commanders preparatory command and the command of execution should be long enough to allow the marching elements to take three steps between commands. (p. 15)

F 2. The preparatory command and the command of execution are combined; these

commands are given with the same pitch and volume of voice as that of a normal command of execution. (p. 12)

T 3. The preparatory command and the command of execution are given as the heel of the

foot corresponding to the direction of the movement strikes the ground. (p. 13) T 4. A drill command is an oral order. (p. 11) T 5. The way a command is given affects the way the movement is executed. (p. 13) T 6. A correctly delivered command is loud and distinct enough for everyone in the element to

hear. (p. 13) F 7. When beginning a preparatory command, the voice should be pitched high. (p. 15)

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F 8. The commander always faces the troops when giving commands. (p. 12) T 9. In regard to timing when marching, it is important to remember to give commands for

executing movements to the right when the right foot strikes the ground and for movements to the left when the left foot strikes the ground. (p. 15)

T 10. When giving commands, the leader is at the position of attention. (p. 12)

E. List or Describe:

1. Give examples of supplementary commands. (p. 12)

- CONTINUE THE MARCH and STAND FAST.

2. Give examples of informational commands. (p. 12)

- PREPARE FOR INSPECTION and DISMISS THE SQUADRON.

3. A general rule for commanders when giving commands is to face the troops. When does this rule not apply? (p. 12)

- When the element is part of a larger drill element or when the commander is relaying

commands in a ceremony. 4. What are the reasons for counting cadence while drilling? (p. 15)

- The instructor counts cadence to acquaint students with cadence rhythm. - Counting cadence helps teach coordination and rhythm. - When trainees get out of step, the instructor corrects them by counting cadence.

5. In the preparatory command, Right Flank, which word in the command should be emphasized?

(p. 15)

- Flank.

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6. List the general rules that should be applied when giving commands. (pp. 12,13)

- The commander should be at attention with good military bearing. - The commander faces the troops when giving commands except when the element is part of

larger drill element or when the commander is relaying commands in a ceremony. - When a command requires a unit to execute a movement different from other units, the

subordinate commander gives a supplementary command over the right shoulder. - When flights of a squadron are to execute a movement in order, such as a column

movement, the flight commander of A Flight repeats the squadron commander’s preparatory command. The commanders of the other flights give a supplementary command, such as CONTINUE THE MARCH.

- Use the command AS YOU WERE to revoke a preparatory command. - When giving commands, flight commanders may add the letter of their flight to the

command. - The preparatory command and the command of execution are given as the heel of the foot

corresponding to the direction of the movement strikes the ground. 7. Sometimes it is necessary to give commands in which the preparatory command and the

command of execution is combined. Place a check in the space provided beside those commands which you think are combined drill commands. (p. 12)

√ a. FALL IN.

b. “A” Flight, HALT √ c. AT EASE.

d. “B” Flight, ATTENTION. 8. In the preparatory command, Right Flank, which foot should be striking the ground when the

word Flank is issued by the commander? (p. 15)

- The right foot.

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Chapter 3

Individual Instruction

A. Define, Describe, or Identify: 1. Attention – bring the heels together smartly and on line. (p. 17) 2. At Ease - upon receiving this command, Airman may relax in a standing position, but they must

keep the right foot in place. Their position in the formation will not change, and silence will be maintained. (p. 19)

3. Fall Out - upon hearing this command, individuals may relax in a standing position or break

ranks. They must remain in the immediate area, and no specific method of dispersal is required. Moderate speech is permitted. (p. 19)

4. Double Time - when halted and on the command MARCH, the Airman begins with the left

foot, raises the forearms to a horizontal position along the waistline, cups the hands with the knuckles out, and begins an easy run of 180 steps per minute with 30-inch steps, measured from heel to heel. (pp. 25, 26)

5. Quick Time - upon receiving the command MARCH (given as either foot strikes the ground),

the Airman advances two more steps in double time, resumes quick time, lowers the arms to the sides, and resumes coordinated arm swing. (p. 26)

6. Mark Time – when marching, the command MARCH is given as either foot strikes the ground.

The Airman takes one more 24-inch step with the right (left) foot. He or she then brings the trailing foot to a position so both heels are on line. The cadence is continued by alternately raising and lowering each foot. The balls of the feet are raised 4 inches above the ground. Normal arm swing is maintained. (p. 26)

7. Change Step – on the command MARCH, given as the right foot strikes the ground, the Airman

takes one more 24-inch step with the left foot. Then in one count, place the ball of the right foot alongside the heel of the left foot, suspend arm swing, and shift the weight of the body to the right foot. Step off with the left foot in a 24-inch step, resuming coordinated arm swing. The upper portion of the body remains at the position of attention throughout. (p. 29)

8. Right (Left) Step – on the command MARCH, the Airman raises the right (left) leg from the hip

just high enough to clear the ground. The leg will be kept straight, but not stiff, throughout the movement. The individual places the right (left) foot 12 inches, as measured from the inside of the heels, to the right (left) of the left (right) foot. Transfer the weight of the body to the right (left) foot, then bring the left (right) foot smartly alongside the right (left) foot as in the position of attention. (pp. 28, 29)

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9. Salute - a courteous exchange of greetings, with the junior member always saluting first. (p. 22) 10. Hand salute - used for training purposes. The command is Hand, SALUTE, and it is performed

in two counts. (p. 21) B. Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the word or words necessary to complete the statement. 1. To resume the position of attention from any of the rests (except fall out), the command is

Flight, ATTENTION. (p. 19)

2. The hand salute is used for training purposes only, the command is Hand, SALUTE, and it is performed in two count(s). (p. 21)

3. The salute is a courteous exchange of greetings, with the junior member always saluting first. (p. 22)

4. Upon hearing the command RIGHT (LEFT), all persons, except those on the right (left) flank, turn their heads and eyes smartly 45 degrees to the right (left). (p. 24)

5. The facing movements of Right Face, Left Face, About Face, Half Right Face, and Half Left Face are all two-count movements executed in quick time. (p. 20)

6. To have cadets return their heads and eyes to the front, the command Ready, FRONT is given as the left (right) foot strikes the ground and on the command FRONT, heads and eyes are turned smartly to the front. (p. 24)

7. In facing to the rear, the command is About, FACE and it is a two-count movement. (pp. 20,21)

8. The command Forward, MARCH is given to resume a full 24-inch step. (p. 28)

9. Marching other than at attention may be done in either of two ways and by these commands: Route Step, MARCH, and At Ease, MARCH. (pp. 29,30)

10. To resume quick time from double time, the command is Quick Time, MARCH, with four steps between commands. (p. 26)

11. The only command that can be given when marching at other than attention is Incline to the

Right (Left). (p. 29)

12. To halt from double time, the command Flight, HALT is given as either foot strikes the ground, with four steps between commands. (p. 26)

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13. The command To The Rear, MARCH, is given as the heel of the right foot strikes the ground.

(p. 29)

C. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that correctly answers the question or completes the statement. 1. Cadet Jones has been given a command that permits her to leave the ranks and talk to another

cadet who has been watching the flight drill. Which of the following commands when executed permits cadet Jones to do this?

a. AT EASE. *b. FALL OUT. (p. 19) c. REST. d. Parade, REST.

2. In what position is Cadet Brown if she is silenced and relaxed and in a standing position with her

right foot in place?

*a. AT EASE. (p. 19) b. REST. c. FALL OUT. d. Parade, REST.

3. Cadet Smith has his right foot in place but is able to talk with Cadet Blackmon. What position

could he be in that would allow him to do this?

a. FALL OUT. b. Parade, REST. c. AT EASE. *d. REST. (p. 19)

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4. Which of the following would be the correct things to do when you hear the command

Forward, MARCH?

a. Step off with your right foot at the command of execution and march forward in quick time. Let your arms swing backward and forward with a natural swing about 6 inches from your body.

*b. Step off with your left foot at the command of execution and march forward in quick time. Use coordinated arm swings, with a natural movement 6 inches forward and 3 inches to the rear. (pp. 24,25)

c. Step off with your left foot at the command of execution and take steps 36 inches in length at the rate of 180 steps per minute.

d. Step off with the right foot at the command of execution and take steps 30 inches in length at the rate of 120 steps per minute.

5. The length of steps and the rate of speed for marching double time is

*a. 30-inch steps at the rate of 180 steps per minute. (pp. 25, 26) b. 30-inch steps at the rate of 120 steps per minute. c. 36-inch steps at the rate of 180 steps per minute. d. 24-inch steps at the rate of 120 steps per minute.

6. To change from quick time march to double time march or to change from double time march

to quick time march, which foot should be striking the ground with the command of execution?

a. The right foot. b. The left foot. *c. Either foot. (p. 26) d. Both feet.

7. Cadet Smith is given the preparatory command and the command of execution Right Flank,

MARCH as his right foot is striking the ground. What is his next move?

a. Pivot 90 degrees to the right on the foot that was on the ground when the command was given.

b. Pivot 90 degrees to the right by turning on the toe and the right heel. *c. Pivot 90 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot, keeping the upper portion of the

body at the position of attention. (p. 29) d. Pivot 90 degrees to the right on the balls of both feet and take a 12-inch step with the left

foot.

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8. At the command of execution, the cadet lifts the right foot from the hip just enough to clear the

ground and without bending the knees, places the ball of the right foot approximately half a shoe length behind and slightly to the left of the heel. The cadet is making preparation to execute

a. Half Right (Left), FACE. b. AT EASE. c. Right (Left), FACE. *d. About, FACE. (p. 20)

9. When in formation and you hear the command AT EASE, you may

*a. relax in a standing position keeping your position within the flight and your right foot in place and maintain silence. (p. 19)

b. stand at parade rest and wait for the next command. c. stand at attention and wait for the next command. d. stand at any of the rest positions and wait for the next command.

10. Upon hearing the command REST, when in formation, which of the following would you do?

a. Stand at attention and wait for the next command. *b. Keep your right foot on the ground and in place and talk in a low tone if you choose.

(p. 19) c. Keep your right foot on the ground and in place but refrain from speaking. d. Observe the cadet in front of you and perform the same movements.

11. How many additional steps do you take after the command of execution when marching double

time and the command Flight, HALT is given?

a. One additional step. *b. Four additional steps. (p. 26) c. Three additional steps. d. Two additional steps.

12. Cadet Simpson, after hearing the command of execution, raises her forearms to a horizontal

position along the waistline, cups her hands with her knuckles turned outward, and with the next step, assumes the 30-inch step at the rate of 180 steps per minute. What command is cadet Simpson executing?

a. Double Time, MARCH, given as either foot strikes the ground. b. Flight, HALT, given while marching quick time. c. Flight, HALT, given while marching double time. *d. Double Time, MARCH, given from the halt. (pp. 25, 26)

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13. Which of the following activities are you not required to do when marching route step?

*a. Maintain cadence and silence. (p. 30) b. Maintain dress and cover. c. Maintain the prescribed distance. d. Maintain the prescribed interval.

14. Which of the following do not apply to the position of attention?

a. Standing in an immobile position with the body weight resting equally on the heels and balls of both feet and remaining silent.

b. The legs are straight with heels as near each other as the conformation of the body permits and feet turned out equally forming a 45-degree angle.

*c. The toes are together with the heels turned outward forming an angle of 45-degrees, and the head is forward forming an angle of 45-degrees with the line of sight. (pp. 17,18)

d. Arms hang straight without stiffness, with thumbs along trouser seams or sides of the skirt; hands are cupped with palms facing the legs.

15. Cadet Moore has her heels 12 inches apart as measured from the inside of the heels; her legs are

straight; her palms are facing outwards with the right hand in the palm of the left and right thumb over the left to form an “X”. Cadet Moore is standing at

a. Ease. b. Rest. *c. Parade Rest. (pp. 18,19) d. Attention.

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D. Matching: Match the definitions in Column A with the terms in Column B. Some terms may be used more than once.

Column A Column B

e 1. At the command of execution MARCH, the Airman takes a 12-inch step with the left foot, placing it in front of and in line with the right foot and distributes the weight of the body on the balls of both feet. (p. 29)

a. Half Step b. Change Step c. Right (Left) Step d. Flanking Movement e. To The Rear, MARCH f. Mark Time

a 2.

b 3.

d 4.

c 5.

f 6.

d 7.

e 8.

This movement is executed only in quick time, and normal arm swing is maintained. (p. 28)

On the command MARCH, given as the right foot strikes the ground, the Airman takes one more 24-inch step with the left foot. (p. 29)

This command is given as the heel of the right (left) foot strikes the ground. (p. 29)

The command is given only from a halt and for moving short distances. On the command MARCH, the Airman raises the right (left) leg from the hip just high enough to clear the ground. (p. 28)

When marching, the command MARCH is given as either foot strikes the ground. The Airman takes one more 24-inch step with the right (left) foot. (p. 26)

In this marching movement, on the command MARCH, the Airman takes one more 24-inch step, pivots 90 degrees to the right (left) on the ball of the left (right) foot, keeping the upper portion of the body at the position of attention. (p. 29)

The Airman pivots 180 degrees to the right on the balls of both feet, and takes a 12-inch step with the left foot in the new direction with coordinated arm swing before taking a full 24-inch step with the right foot. (p. 29)

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E. True/False:

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true, and an F in the blank if the statement is false.

T 1. The positions of Parade Rest, At Ease, Rest, and Fall Out are executed from the halt and only from the position of Attention. (pp. 19, 20)

F 2. Upon hearing the command FALL OUT, cadets may break ranks and leave the

immediate area. (p. 19) T 3. The only commands that can be given when marching at double time are Incline To

The Right (Left); Quick Time, MARCH; and Flight, HALT. (p. 26) F 4. To march half step from the halt, step off on the left foot with a 15-inch step at the

command of execution. (p. 28) T 5. The commands Eyes, RIGHT (LEFT) and Ready, FRONT may be given while

cadets are at a halt or while they are marching. (pp. 23, 24) T 6. The half step is not executed from the halt nor are changes of direction made from the

half step. (p. 28) T 7. When executed from a halt, all steps and marching begins with the left foot, except

right step and close march. (p. 24) T 8. Mark time is executed in quick time only. (p. 27) T 9. The facing movements Right FACE, Left FACE, About FACE, Half Right FACE,

and Half Left FACE are executed from the halt while standing at attention. (pp. 20, 21)

F 10. To march in double time, the cadet will take 24-inch steps measured from heel to heel

with the swing of the arms measuring 6 inches to the front and 3 inches to the rear. (p. 25)

T 11. To halt from quick time march, the command is Flight, HALT, given as either foot

strikes the ground. (p. 25)

F 12. To halt from the side step, place the right foot on the ground with the preparatory command; then bring the left foot to a position beside the right foot just as the command of execution is given. (p. 29)

T 13. The command for Right (Left) Step, MARCH is given only from a halt and for

moving short distances. (p. 28)

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T 14. To execute the Right (Left) Step, HALT, the cadet will, on the command HALT which is given when the heels are together, take one more step with the right (left) foot and place the left (right) foot alongside the right (left) foot as in the position of attention. (p. 29)

T 15. Right and left flanking movements may be used when it becomes necessary to move

troops to the right or to the left for short distances only. (p. 29) _ F 16. The command At Ease, MARCH permits movements as long as silence, dress, cover,

interval, distance, and cadence are maintained. (p. 30) F 17. Civilians should never be saluted by persons in uniform. (p. 23) T 18. When returning or rendering an individual salute, the cadet turns his or her head and

eyes toward the Colors or person saluted. (p. 22) T 19. A superior carrying articles in both hands need not return a salute, but the junior

member must salute, and the senior member should nod in return or verbally acknowledge the salute. (p. 23)

F 20. An exchange of verbal greetings is not appropriate if a junior member is carrying

articles in both hands. (p. 23) T 21. The President of the United States, as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, is

always accorded the honor of a salute. (p. 23) T 22. Three cadets were standing on a street corner when General Brock drove by in his

private vehicle. All three cadets saluted the general. The cadets were correct in this procedure. (p. 23)

F 23. Exchange of salutes between military pedestrians (including gate sentries) and officers

in moving vehicles is mandatory. (p. 23) T 24. While the 20 members of Flight A were at fallout, the squadron commander

approached them. Cadet Anderson, the first member to notice the commander, called the group to attention, and all members saluted the approaching officer. Cadet Anderson and the other cadets were correct in this procedure. (p. 23)

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F. List or Describe:

1. List the three commands and movements involved in executing the half step. (p. 28)

- Half Step, MARCH. May be given as either foot strikes the ground. Upon hearing the command of execution, the Airman will take one more normal step of 24-inches followed by a 12-inch step in quick time, setting the heel down first without scraping the ground. The Airman maintains coordinated arm swing and continues the half step until marched forward or halted.

- Forward, MARCH. This command is given only as the heel of the left foot strikes the ground. At the command of execution, the Airman takes one more 12-inch step with the right foot and then steps off with a full 24-inch step with the left foot.

- Halt, executed from half step is similar to the halt from a 24-inch step. The half step is not executed from the halt nor are changes of direction made from the half step.

2. Describe how a cadet would come to the position of attention. (pp. 17, 18)

- To come to attention, bring the heels together smartly and on line. - Place the heels as near each other as the conformation of the body permits, and ensure the

feet are turned out equally, forming a 45-degree angle. Keep the legs straight without stiffening or locking the knees. The body is erect with hips level, chest lifted, back arched, and shoulders square and even. Arms hang straight down alongside the body without stiffness, and the wrists are straight with the forearms. Place the thumbs, which are resting along the first joint of the forefinger, along the seams of the trousers or sides of the skirt. Hands are cupped with palms facing the leg.

- The head is kept erect and held straight to the front with the chin drawn in slightly so the axis of the head and neck is vertical; eyes are to the front, with the line of sight parallel to the ground. The weight of the body rests equally on the heels and balls of both feet, and silence and immobility are required.

3. What is the command for “Parade Rest”? (p. 18)

- The command is Parade, REST.

4. What should cadets do upon hearing the command “FALL OUT”? (p. 19)

- Individuals may relax in a standing position or break ranks. They must remain in the immediate area, no specific method of dispersal is required, and moderate speech is permitted.

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5. When is “Mark Time” used? (p. 26)

- Mark Time is used when it becomes necessary for the members of an element or a flight to await their turn to fall into a certain designated place in a larger formation that is on the march.

- The Mark Time movement is also used when certain changes in the formation of an element or flight are called for.

6. Explain how a cadet would assume the position of “Parade Rest”. (pp. 18,19)

- The command is Parade, REST. On the command of execution, REST, the Airman will raise the left foot from the hip just enough to clear the ground and move it smartly to the left so the heels are 12 inches apart, as measured from the inside of the heels. The legs should be kept straight, but not stiff, and the heels on line.

- As the left foot moves, bring the arms, fully extended to the back of the body, uncupping the hands in the process; and extend and join the fingers, pointing them towards the ground. The palms will face outwards.

- Place the right hand in the palm of the left, right thumb over the left to form an “X”. Keep head and eyes straight ahead, and remain silent and immobile.

7. Describe the activities required to execute the “Mark Time” movement. (p. 26)

- When marching: -- The command is MARCH given as either foot strikes the ground. The Airman takes

one more 24-inch step with the right (left) foot. He or she then brings the trailing foot to a position so that both heels are on line. The cadence is continued by alternately raising and lowering each foot. The balls of the feet are raised 4 inches above the ground. Normal arm swing is maintained. Dress and cover are maintained.

- When at a halt: -- On the command MARCH, the Airmen raises and lowers first the left foot and then the

right. Mark time is executed in quick time only. The halt executed from mark time is similar to a halt from quick time.

-- The command Forward, MARCH is given to resume marching with the 24-inch step. The Airmen takes one more step in place and then steps off in a full 24-inch step. This command is given as the left foot strikes the ground.

8. Explain how a cadet would assume the position of “At Ease”. (p. 19)

- Cadets would assume this position when the combined command AT EASE is given. On the command of AT EASE, cadets may relax in a standing position. Their position in the flight will not change. Their right foot must remain in place and silence must be maintained.

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9. What is the command for the right and left flanking movement and how is it given? (p. 29)

- The command is Right (Left) Flank, MARCH, given as the heel of the right (left) foot

strikes the ground. - On the command MARCH, the Airman takes one more 24-inch step, pivots 90 degrees to

the right (left) on the ball of the left (right) foot, keeping the upper portion of the body at the position of attention.

- Then step off with the right (left) foot in the new direction of march with a full 24-inch step and coordinated arm swing.

- Arm swing is suspended to the sides as the weight of the body comes forward on the pivot foot. The pivot and step off are executed in one count.

10. Explain how a cadet would halt from “Double Time”. (p. 26)

- To halt from double time, the command Flight, HALT is given as either foot strikes the

ground, with four steps between commands. The Airman will take two more steps in double time and halt in two counts at quick time, lowering the arms to the sides.

11. What command would be executed to have cadets march forward in quick time from a halt and

describe how it would be done? (pp. 24,25)

- The Airman smartly steps off straight ahead with the left foot, taking a 24-inch step and places the heel on the ground first. When stepping off and while marching, the Airman will use coordinated arm swing; that is, right arm forward with the left leg and left arm forward with the right leg. The hands will be cupped with the thumbs pointed down, and the arms will hand straight, but not stiff, and will swing naturally.

12. Describe the procedure for executing the command “Change Step, MARCH”. (p. 29)

- At the command of execution MARCH, given as the right foot strikes the ground, the

Airman takes one more 24-inch step with the left foot. Then in one count, places the ball of the right foot alongside the heel of the left foot, suspends arm swing, shifts the weight of the body to the right foot. Steps off with the left foot in a 24-inch step, resuming coordinated arm swing. The upper portion of the body remains at the position of attention throughout.

13. What is the difference between “At Ease” and “Rest”? (p. 19)

- The only difference is that talking in a low conversational tone is permitted while at rest.

14. How would a cadet halt from “Quick Time March”? (p. 25)

- The command is Flight, HALT, given in rhythm as either foot strikes the ground. On the

command HALT, the Airman will take one more 24-inch step. The trailing foot will be brought smartly alongside the front foot. The heels will be together, on line, and form a 45-degree angle. Coordinated arm swing will cease as the weight of the body shifts to the leading foot when halting.

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15. Describe the correct way to give a hand salute. (pp. 21, 22)

- The command is Hand, SALUTE and is performed in two counts. - Upon receiving the command SALUTE, the individual raises the right hand smartly in the

most direct manner while at the same time extending and joining the fingers. The palm is kept flat and facing the body.

- Place the thumb along the forefingers keeping the palm flat, forming a straight line between the fingertips and elbows.

- Tilt the palm slightly toward the face. Hold the upper arm horizontal, slightly forward of the body, and parallel to the ground.

- Ensure the tip of the middle finger touches the right front corner of the headdress, or if wearing a nonbilled hat, ensure the middle finger touches the outside corner of the right eyebrow or the front corner of glasses. The rest of the body will remain at the position of attention. (This is count one of the movement)

- To complete count two of the movement, bring the arm smoothly and smartly downward, retracing the path used to raise the arm.

- Cup the hand as it passes the waist and return to the position of attention. 16. What would you do if you were part of a small group that was not in formation and you were

the first person to see an officer approaching the group? (p. 23)

- Call the group to attention, and all members face the officer and salute. 17. Explain what you would do if you were the person in charge of a group in formation when an

officer approached. (p. 23)

- Call the members to attention and render a salute for the group.

18. Name an instance when a verbal greeting is appropriate. (p. 23)

- A verbal greeting is appropriate if a junior member, saluted by a superior, is carrying articles in both hands.

- A superior carrying articles in both hands need not return the salute; but the junior member must salute, and the senior member should nod in return or verbally acknowledge the salute.

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19. What does saluting outdoors mean and list areas that are classified as outdoors? (pp. 22, 23)

- Saluting outdoors means salutes are exchanged when the persons involved are outside a building. For example, if a person is on a porch, a covered sidewalk, a bus stop, a covered or open entryway, or a reviewing stand, the salute will be exchanged with a person on the sidewalk outside of the structure or with a person approaching or in the same structure. This applies both on and off military installations.

20. What personnel exchange salutes when they meet outdoors and are recognized? (p. 22)

- Outdoor, salutes are exchanged upon recognition between officers and warrant officers and between officers or warrant officers and cadets or enlisted members of the Armed Forces.

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Chapter 4

Drill of the Flight

A. Define, Describe, Identify:

1. Flight – when base formations and marching are learned. It is composed of at least two, but not more than four elements. This formation is the most practical drill group. (p. 31)

2. Drill instructor - may assume any of the titles and positions of the flight commander, flight sergeant, and guide for the purposes of instruction. The drill instructor has the authority to do all of the activities listed. (pp. 31, 32)

3. Open ranks - is only given to a formation when in line at normal interval. (p. 37)

4. Cover - upon receiving this command, everyone with the exception of the guide, will adjust by taking small choppy steps if needed and establish dress, cover, interval, and distance. (p. 36)

5. Close ranks - to close ranks when at open ranks, the command is Close Rank, MARCH. On the command MARCH, the first rank stands fast. Each person covers on the person directly in front. (p. 38)

6. Count off - for drill purposes, count off is executed only from right to left in line and from front to rear in column or mass. (p. 38)

7. Column formation - to align the flight in column the command is COVER. Upon receiving this command, everyone with the exception of the guide, will adjust by taking small choppy steps and establish dress, cover, interval, and distance. (p. 36)

8. Counter, MARCH - is not a precise movement, but is used to permit flexibility in the movement of units where space is limited. (p. 46)

9. INCLINE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT) - this command is given to execute a slight change of direction. (p. 43)

10. Column Half Right (Left) - this command is given to change the direction of a column by 45 degrees. (p. 43)

11. Column of Twos (Fours) to the Left (Right), MARCH - this command is given to form a

column of two or more files when in a single file of more than one element. (p. 44)

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12. Close, MARCH - this command is given to obtain close interval between files when in column at normal interval at a halt or while marching at quick time. (p. 39)

13. Extend, MARCH - this command is given to obtain normal interval from close interval.

(p. 39)

B. Fill in the Blank:

Fill in the blank with the word or words necessary to complete the statement. 1. The flight is composed of at least two but not more than four elements. (p. 31) 2. When a flight marching in column is commanded to flank to the left or right or march to the

rear, the guide executes the movement. (p. 32) 3. To align the flight in column, the command is COVER. (p. 36) 4. The command to form a flight in line formation is FALL IN. (p. 32) 5. Once dress, cover, interval, and distance have been established, the command Ready, FRONT

will be given. (p. 36) 6. The position of the guide within a flight in line or in column in marching or at a halt, is right

unless otherwise announced. (p. 32) 7. To open ranks when in line, the command is Open Ranks, MARCH. (p. 37) 8. To close ranks when at open ranks, the command is Close Ranks, MARCH. (p. 38) 9. In flight drill, the positions of the flight commander, flight sergeant, and guide assume

importance. (p. 31) 10. In performing an inspection of the flight, the flight commander salutes and reports to the

inspector Sir (Ma’am), Flight is Prepared for Inspection. (p. 37) 11. Once the entire formation has changed direction and dress, cover, interval, and distance are

reestablished, the command Forward, MARCH will be given. (p. 43) 12. Counter, MARCH is not a precise movement, but is used to permit flexibility in the

movement of units where space is limited. (p. 46)

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13. When executing column right, the element leaders take one 24-inch step forward, then the

right foot should be striking the ground when the command MARCH is given. (p. 43) 14. To obtain close interval between files when in column at normal interval at a halt or while

marching at quick time, the command is Close, MARCH. (p. 39) 15. If you are the leader of the third, second, or first element and the command Column Right,

MARCH is given, you should pivot 45 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot. (p. 41) 16. To obtain normal interval from close interval, the command is Extend, MARCH. (p. 39) 17. To form a column of two or more files when in a single file of more than one element, the

command is Column of Twos (Fours) to the Left (Right), MARCH. (p. 44) 18. The normal formation for marching is a column of at least two, but not more than four

elements abreast. (p. 39) 19. To form a single file when the flight is in two or more columns and at the halt, the command

Column of Files from the Right (Left) is given. (p. 44) 20. In performing extend march (marching), the procedures and steps used to obtain close interval

are also used except the command is given on the left foot and the pivots are made on the right foot. (p. 41)

21. At Close Interval, Dress Right (Left), DRESS is not given to a flight at normal interval, and

Dress Right (Left), DRESS is not given to a flight at close interval. (p. 36) 22. When forming a column of twos when in a column of fours at a halt, the command is Column

of Twos From the Right (Left), Forward, MARCH. (p. 45) 23. Upon receiving the command MARCH in performing Close March (Marching), the fourth

element takes the half step (beginning with the left foot) following the command of execution. (p. 39)

24. If the flight is in march and has executed the movements required to close the interval or to

resume the normal interval, the command Forward, MARCH is given for the flight to change from the half step to normal step march. (p. 39)

25. Following the command of execution in performing Close March (Marching), the third

element obtains close interval by pivoting 45 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot taking one 24-inch step with coordinated arm swing toward the fourth element, and then pivoting 45 degrees back to the left on the ball of the right foot. (p. 39)

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C. Multiple Choice:

Circle the letter that correctly answers the question or completes the statement.

1. What does the guide do when the flight is marching in column and either of these commands is

given: Right (Left) Flank and To the Rear, MARCH?

a. The guide must execute face to the left in marching and march to a position in line with and to the right of the first element. He or she will then halt and stand at attention.

b. The guide does a face to the rear and marches to a position in front of the center file where he or she halts and executes a left flank movement.

*c. The guide executes the movements with the flight and maintains his or her relative position within the flight until the flight is halted in line. He or she will then move to a position beside and to the right of the leading element. (p. 32)

d. The guide executes the movements with the flight and then assumes the double time march until he or she reaches a position where he or she is in front of and to the right of the flight in their new line of march.

2. When the command Dress Left, DRESS is given, the heads and eyes of the cadets are turned

*a. 45 degrees to the right. (p. 35) b. 90 degrees to the right. c. 90 degrees to the left. d. 45 degrees to the left.

3. When in column and the command COVER is given, each cadet in the flight will cover on the cadet in front and align with the cadet on the right. Who is responsible for the interval and the distance when the flight is in column?

*a. The leading individual of each file is responsible for the interval and the base file establishes and maintains the distance. (p. 36)

b. The leading individual of the base element does not move and everyone else establishes dress, cover, interval, and distance based upon this individual.

c. Each cadet is responsible for their own interval and distance regardless of the cadet in front or to the side.

d. The element leaders are responsible for the distance and the cadets in the base file are responsible for the interval.

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4. After inspecting the entire flight, the inspector marches off to the right flank of the flight and the flight commander

a. faces to the right, moves three paces beyond the front rank, halts, faces to the left, and commands Ready, FRONT.

*b. proceeds directly to a position three paces beyond the front rank, halts, faces to the left (down line), and commands Flight, ATTENTION. (p. 38)

c. before giving further commands, faces left and commands Close Ranks, MARCH. d. executes a left face (down line) and commands Second, Third, and Fourth Elements,

Parade, REST.

5. Where does the flight commander place himself or herself to check the alignment of each rank?

*a. The flight commander takes the position on the flank of the flight toward which the dress is made, one pace from and in prolongation of the front rank, and faces down the line. (p. 36)

b. The flight commander will place himself or herself at the center of the rank to be checked at a point where he or she can see each cadet and determine who might be out of position.

c. The flight commander cuts through the ranks and takes the most direct path to his or her post in front of the flight where he/she halts and faces to the rear.

d. He/she faces right in marching and moves three paces beyond the front rank where he/she halts and faces to the left.

6. To count off in line or in column, the command is Count OFF. Upon receiving the command

OFF,

*a. all Airman except the element leaders and guide, turn their heads and eyes 45 degrees to the right, and the element leaders call out ONE in a normal tone of voice. (p. 39)

b. the base file establishes and maintains a 40-inch distance and everyone else aligns themselves beside the individual to their right and behind the individual in front of them.

c. the element leaders turn their heads 45 degrees to the right and in unison call out ONE over their right shoulder in a normal tone of voice.

d. the second, third, and fourth element leaders align themselves directly behind the person in front of them and visually establish a 40-inch distance.

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7. Which of the following is the correct procedure to be executed when an individual in the flight is given the command FRONT AND CENTER?

a. The cadet involved will take one step forward, execute right and left face, and proceed between the elements to the front of the formation where he/she reports to the person in command.

*b. The individual takes one step backward, faces right or left, proceeds to the closest flank, and then proceeds to the front of the formation by the most direct route. Next he or she halts one pace in front of and facing the person in command, salutes, and report as directed. (p.38)

c. The cadet involved takes one step to the right, takes a position facing the person in command, executes a right and left face and proceeds by the most direct route to the front of the formation and reports to the person in command.

d. The cadet involved takes one step to the rear, executes right and left face, and proceeds directly past the persons in front of him/her, using small choppy steps, and reports to the person in command.

8. In regard to the formation of the flight, to establish interval,

*a. the leading individual in each file obtains exact shoulder-to-fingertip contact with the

individual to his or her immediate right. (p. 33) b. the leading individual executes an automatic ready front and remains at the position of

attention. c. the leading individual takes a position facing the flight sergeant. d. the leading individual falls directly to the left of the guide, and once halted, executes an

automatic dress right dress.

9. When moving from individual to individual during the inspection, the inspector and flight commander simultaneously

a. proceed directly to a position three paces beyond the front rank, halt, face to the left, (down line), and command Flight, ATTENTION.

b. take one step forward and face to the right in a position in front of the guide. c. execute a left face (down line) and command Second, Third, Fourth Elements, Parade,

REST. *d. execute a face to the right in marching and an in place halt. (p. 37)

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10. When forming the flight, the first element leader falls in directly to the left of the guide, and once halted, executes an automatic dress right dress; the second, third, and fourth element leaders

a. execute an automatic ready front when the presence of the first element leader is felt on their fingertips.

b. execute an automatic ready front and remain at the position of attention. *c. fall in behind the first element leader, execute an automatic dress right dress, visually

establish a 40-inch distance, and align themselves directly behind the individual in front of them. (p. 32)

d. fall into any open position to the left of the element leaders and execute an automatic dress right dress to establish dress and cover.

11. The ______________ is an important element of the flight since he or she is responsible for the

direction and cadence of the march.

a. flight commander b. flight sergeant *c. flight guide (p. 32) d. element leader

12. After the flight has executed column right, when should the commander give the order for the

flight to resume the 24-inch step?

*a. As soon as all members of the flight have reestablished the normal interval and distance. (p. 43)

b. As soon as the last individual in the second element has executed the second 45-degree pivot and is marching forward in the new direction.

c. As soon as the last individual in the first element has executed the second 45-degree pivot and is marching forward in the new direction.

d. As soon as all members of the flight have executed the second 45-degree pivot and are marching forward in the new direction.

13. Which of the following is the correct way to execute a slight change of direction when the

command INCLINE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT) is given?

*a. The guide or guiding element moves in the indicated direction, and the rest of the element follow. (p. 43)

b. The element leader of the right (left) element turns his or her head 45 degrees to the right (left) and commands Forward. The guide and commander will then pivot 45 degrees and march to their regular positions.

c. The element leaders will lead off in the new direction with the rest of the unit following. The guide and commander will then pivot 45 degrees and march to their regular positions.

d. The guide or element leader takes one more 24 inch step, pivots 45 degrees to the right (left) on the ball of the left (right) foot, and takes six 24-inch steps prior to pivoting 45 degrees to the right (left) on the ball of the left (right) foot.

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14. On the preparatory command, Cadet Jones who is the leading element leader, turns his head 45

degrees to the right (left) and commands STAND FAST, while at the same time the remaining element leaders turn their heads 45 degrees to the right (left) and command Column Half Left (Right). What movement is the flight executing?

*a. Forming a column of two or more files while in a single file of more than one element.

(p. 44) b. Forming a single file while in a column of two or more elements. c. Forming a column of fours when in a column of twos at a halt. d. Forming a column of twos when in a column of fours at a halt.

15. When marching in counter march, the first element leader takes

*a. four 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the right (suspending arm swing during the pivot), marches across the front of the flight just beyond the fourth element, and executes another 90-degree pivot to the right (again suspending arm swing). (p. 46)

b. two 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the right with suspended arm swing.

c. three 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the left with suspended arm swing.

d. one 24-inch step forward, executes two 90-degree pivots to the left with suspended arm swing.

16. When performing the marching movement during counter march, the fourth element leader

takes

a. two 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the right with suspended arm swing.

b. four 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the right with suspended arm swing.

*c. three 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the left with suspended arm swing. (p. 47)

d. one 24-inch step forward, executes two 90-degree pivots to the left with suspended arm swing during the pivots.

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17. When marching in counter march the second element leader takes

*a. two 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the right with suspended arm swing and continues to march and executes another 90-degree pivot to the right with (suspended arm swing) between the third and fourth elements. (p. 46)

b. three 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the left with suspended arm swing then marches across the front of the flight and executes another 90-degree pivot to the left between the first and second elements with suspended arm swing during the pivot.

c. one 24-inch step forward, executes a 90-degree pivot to the right with suspended arm swing during pivots and marches between the remainder of the third and second elements.

d. four 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the right suspending arm swing during the pivot, marches across the front of the flight just beyond the fourth element, and executes another 90-degree pivot to the right again suspending arm swing.

18. At the preparatory command, the element leader on the right (left) commands Forward; the

remaining element leaders command STAND FAST. As the other commands are given, each element in turn steps off, inclines to the right (left), and follows the leading element. What command was given to cause the flight to execute this movement?

*a. Column of Files from the Right (Left), Forward, MARCH. (p. 44) b. Column of Twos (Fours) to the Left, MARCH. c. Column of Files from the Right, Column Right, MARCH. d. Column of Twos from the Right, Forward, MARCH.

19. On the command MARCH, the fourth element stands fast and the remaining elements take the

required number of right steps all at the same time and halt together; the third element takes two steps, the second element takes four steps, and the first element takes six steps. This is a description of

*a. Close March (Halted). (p. 39) b. Extend March (Marching). c. Close March (Marching). d. Extend March (Halted).

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20. Assume that you are the leader of the fourth element in a flight that is marching forward at normal interval. Which of the following should you execute upon hearing the command Column Right, MARCH?

a. Take a 24-inch step, pivot 45 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot and then take

two 24-inch steps prior to pivoting 45 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot. b. Take one more 24-inch step, pivot 45 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot, then

take six 24-inch steps prior to pivoting 45 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot. c. Take one more 24-inch step and pivot 45 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot,

then take four 24-inch steps prior to pivoting 45 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot.

*d. Take one more 24-inch step, pivot 90 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot; advance another 24-inch step and beginning with the second step after the pivot, take up the half step. (p. 41)

21. When performing the marching movement during counter march, the third element leader takes

a. three 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the left with suspended arm swing, then marches across the front of the flight and executes another 90-degree pivot to the left between the first and second elements.

b. four 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the right (suspending arm swing) marches across the front of the flight just beyond the fourth element and executes another 90-degree pivot to the right again suspending arm swing.

c. two 24-inch steps forward and executes a 90-degree pivot to the right with suspended arm swing during the pivots, and marches between the remainder of the third and second elements.

*d. one 24-inch step forward, executes two 90-degree pivots to the left (with suspended arm swing during the pivots), and marches between the remainder of the third and second elements. (p. 47)

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D. True/False.

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true, and an F in the blank if the statement is false. T 1. The command for the flight to form at close interval is At Close Interval, FALL IN.

(p. 33) F 2. While in line and at close interval, the command and movement Right Step, MARCH

may be executed. (p. 33) T 3. Close interval is obtained by placing the heel of the left hand on the left hip with fingers

extended and joined and thumb along the forefinger with fingertips pointing toward the ground and elbow in line with the body. (p. 36)

T 4. The same procedures used to establish dress, cover, interval, and distance for normal

interval will be used for close interval. (p. 36) T 5. The same command and procedures used to reestablish dress, cover, interval, and

distance while in column formation are used in inverted column. (p. 36) F 6. The command Open Ranks, MARCH may be given to a formation when in line at

normal and close interval. (p. 37) T 7. When in line at normal interval, each individual in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th elements of the

flight align themselves directly behind the person in front of them and visually establish a 40-inch distance. (p. 36)

T 8. Every effort should be made to retain individuals of highest grade in positions occupied

by element leaders and guides. (p. 32) T 9. Unless otherwise announced, the position of the guide within a flight, in line or in

column, marching or halted, is right. (p. 32) T 10. When in column, the flight is sized according to height, with the tallest individuals to the

front and right. (p. 32) F 11. Each individual member of the flight has a number except the element leader. (p. 33) T 12. When giving the command Dress Left, DRESS, or At Close Interval, Dress Left,

DRESS, use the procedures for dress right dress except the flight must be in inverted line formation, the right arm/hand raised, and the head turned left. (p. 36)

T 13. When the drill instructor is conducting the drill he or she can assume the titles and

positions of the flight commander, flight sergeant, and the flight guide for the purposes of instruction. (pp. 31,32)

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T 14. Numbering of individual members of a flight is from right to left (when in line formation) and from front to rear (when in column formation) with the element leader always being number one. (p. 33)

F 15. In forming a single file when in a column of two or more elements, at the preparatory command, the guide places him or herself in front of the element on the extreme left. (p. 44)

T 16. In forming a single file when in a column of two or more elements, at the command of

execution MARCH, the leading element steps off. Leaders of the other elements will command Forward, MARCH in successive order and then incline to the right (left) and follow the element to the front. (p. 44)

T 17. When forming a Column of Fours to the Left (Right), on the preparatory command, the

fourth (second) element leader turns his or her head 45 degrees to the left (right) and commands STAND FAST. (p. 45)

T 18. When forming a Column of Fours to the Left (Right) the command is Column of

Fours to the Left (Right), MARCH; on the command MARCH, the element leaders return their heads to the front and the leading elements stand fast. (p. 45)

F 19. When counter marching, the command is Counter, MARCH; the command MARCH

is given on the right foot. (p. 46) F 20. The command Column of Twos From the Right (Left) is given while the flight is

marching. (p. 45) T 21. The command Column of Fours to the Left (Right) is given while the flight is at a halt.

(p. 45) T 22. The procedures used to obtain close interval are the same as those used to obtain normal

interval. (p. 39) T 23. To change from close interval to normal interval when the flight is at the halt or in

march, the command is Extend, MARCH. (p. 39) T 24. To change from normal interval to close interval while the flight is at halt or in march at

quick time, the command Close, MARCH is given. (p. 39) F 25. The command Forward, MARCH is given only when the flight is to march from a halt

in quick time. (p. 39)

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E. List or Describe: 1. Explain in detail how a flight is formed. (p. 32)

- A flight forms in at least two, but not more than four, elements in line formation. - The command is FALL IN.

-- Upon receiving this command: --- The guide takes a position facing the flight sergeant and to the flight sergeant’s left so

that the first element will fall in centered on and three paces from the flight sergeant. --- Once halted at the position of attention, the guide performs an automatic dress right

dress. When the guide feels the presence of the first element leader on his or her fingertips, the guide executes an automatic ready front. Once positioned, the guide does not move.

--- The first element leader falls in directly to the left of the guide, and once halted, executes an automatic dress right dress.

--- The second, third, and fourth element leaders fall in behind the first element leader, execute an automatic dress right dress, visually establish a 40-inch distance, and align themselves directly behind the individual in front of them.

--- The remaining cadets will fall into any open position to the left of the element leaders and execute an automatic dress right dress to establish dress and cover.

-- To establish interval: --- The leading individual in each file will obtain exact shoulder-to-contact with the

individual to his or her immediate right. --- As soon as dress, cover, interval, and distance are established, each cadet executes an

automatic ready front on an individual basis and remains at the position of attention. 2. What are the correct procedures for the leading element to execute when forming or aligning the

flight? (p. 35)

- The leading individual of each file establishes normal interval (by taking small choppy steps and aligning with the base file) and establishes exact shoulder-to-fingertip contact with the individual to the immediate right.

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3. What are the procedures the flight commander uses to align the flight? (p. 36)

- The flight commander takes the position on the flank of the flight toward which the dress is made, one pace from and in prolongation of the front rank, and faces down the line. From this position, the commander verifies the alignment of the front rank. If necessary, individuals are called to move forward or backward by name or number. Military bearing is maintained and short sidesteps are taken to verify alignment. The flight commander then faces to the left (right) in marching, halts on the propagation of each succeeding rank, executes right (left) face, and aligns the rank. After verifying the alignment of the ranks, the flight commander faces to the right (left) in marching, moves three paces beyond the front rank, halts, faces to the left (right), and commands Ready, FRONT. Executing a minimum of movements, the flight commander takes the normal position by the most direct route in front of the flight.

4. What command would be given if the flight is in column and it is desired to position the guide

to the left? (p. 32)

- GUIDE LEFT. 5. Explain how a flight is sized. (p. 33)

- After the execution of FALL IN, the flight commander faces the flight to the right (from line to column formation) and sizes the files according to height and has the taller personnel (except the guide, element leaders, and flight sergeant) move to the front of the flight according to height. -- The flight commander then faces the flight to the right (from column to inverted line

formation) and again has the taller personnel (except the flight sergeant) move to the front of the flight according to height.

- If the unit is still improperly sized, the flight commander faces the flight back to the left (column formation) and continues this procedure until all members are properly sized.

6. What are the first and second phases of drill? (p. 31)

- The first phase of drill involves teaching the Airmen the basic movements, facings, and positions, either as an individual or as a member of an element.

- The second phase of drill merges the individual with others to form a flight in which basic formations and marching are learned.

7. If the cadets in the flight are at close interval and the command At Close Interval, Dress Right,

DRESS is given, what are they supposed to do? (p. 36)

- All Airmen except the last one in each element will raise their left hand so the heel of the hand rests on the left hip, fingers are extended and joined, thumb is along the forefinger, fingertips point toward the ground, and the elbow in line with the body.

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8. What is the guide supposed to do when a flight in line commanded to face to the right? (p. 32)

- The guide executes the right face with the flight, immediately performs a face in marching to the right and marches to a position in front of the right file, halts, and executes a left face.

9. What are the commands for normal interval? (p. 35)

- Dress Right, DRESS and Ready, FRONT. 10. Sometimes it becomes necessary for individuals to leave the ranks and report to a superior. What

is the procedure for calling an individual out of ranks when they are in line formation? (p. 38)

- The command is (Rank and Last Name), (pause) FRONT AND CENTER. -- Upon hearing his or her name, the individual assumes the position of attention.

--- On the command FRONT AND CENTER, the individual takes one step backward, (with coordinated arm swing) faces to the left or right, proceeds to the closest flank, and then proceeds to the front of the formation by the most direct route.

--- Next, he or she then halts one pace in front of and facing the person in command, salutes, and reports as directed.

11. List the rules that have been established to govern the position and movements of the guide

during flight drill. (p. 32)

- “The guide set the direction and cadence of the march.” The guide of the leading flight of a squadron marching in column sets the direction and cadence of march for the squadron.

- When a flight in line is commanded to face to the right, the guide executes right face with the flight. The guide then performs a face in marching to the right, marches to a positioning front of the right file, halts, and executes a left face.

- When a flight marching in column is commanded to flank to the left or right or march to the rear, the guide executes the movement. The relative position of the guide does not change within the flight except when the flight is halted in line in such a manner that the guide is not abreast of the front rank. The guide then moves to a position abreast of the front rank.

- Unless otherwise announced, the position of the guide within a flight, in line or in column marching or halted, is right. When it is desired to change the base for a movement. The dress is always to the base element.

- When the flight is in column and it is desired to position the guide to the left, the command GUIDE LEFT is given. On this command, the guide and flight commander exchange positions by passing right shoulder to right shoulder. To return the guide to the normal position, GUIDE RIGHT is given. The guide and flight commander return to their normal positions by again passing right shoulder to right shoulder. The movement can be made either at a halt or while marching.

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12. Explain the procedures to execute the command Open Ranks, MARCH. (p. 37)

- On the command MARCH, the fourth rank stands fast and automatically executes dress right dress at normal interval. Each succeeding rank in front of the fourth rank takes the required numbered of paces, stepping off with the left foot and a coordinated arm swing, halts, and automatically executes dress right dress.

- The third rank takes one pace forward, the second rank takes two paces forward, and the first rank takes three paces forward. Once halted, the distance between ranks will be 70 inches.

13. Explain the procedure for an individual to return to ranks. (p. 38)

- The command is RETURN TO RANKS. The individual salutes, faces about, and returns by the same route to the same position in the ranks.

14. When the command Close Ranks, MARCH is given, what do the first, second, third, and

fourth ranks do? (p. 38)

- The first rank stands fast. - The second rank takes one pace forward with coordinated arm swing and halts at the

position of attention. - The third and fourth ranks take two and three paces forward, respectively, and halt at

attention. 15. What does the flight commander do after verifying the alignment of ranks? (p. 36)

- The flight commander faces to the right (left) in marching, moves three paces beyond the front rank, faces to the left (right), and commands Ready, FRONT.

16. How do first element cadets establish close interval? (p. 36)

- By ensuring their upper right arm touches the extended elbow of the individual to their right. 17. In regard to the formation of the flight, at the command FALL IN, what does the guide do?

(p. 32)

- The guide takes a position facing the flight sergeant and to the flight sergeants left so that the first element will fall in centered on and three paces from the flight sergeant. Once halted at the position of attention, the guide performs an automatic dress right dress. When the guide feels the presence of the first element leader on his or her fingertips, the guide executes an automatic ready front. Once positioned, the guide does not move.

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18. Why is it so important that the individuals in the flight know the location of the guide at all times? (p. 32)

- Because the guide sets the direction and cadence of the march and establishes the base

element. 19. When counting off in line, the command is Count, OFF. Discuss the procedures followed once

the command is given. (p. 39)

- All Airmen except the element leaders, turn their heads and eyes 45 degrees to the right, and the element leaders call out ONE in a normal tone of voice.

- After the element leaders call out ONE, Airmen in the next file turn their heads and eyes in unison to the front and call out TWO.

- This procedure continues in quick time until all files, full or partial, are numbered. All movements are made in a precise manner with snap.

20. What happens to the guide and flight commander while the individuals in the files are executing

the movements column right (left) or column half right (left)? (p. 43)

- With the command of execution, the commander and guide will execute the movement and then pivot 45 degrees to their original positions in front of the column.

21. When might it be necessary for an element leader to give a command? (p. 39)

- Whenever commands are given involving movements in which all elements in the flight do not execute the same movement simultaneously.

22. Describe how the movement Column Right (Left) Close Interval is performed. (p. 43)

- Perform these movements in the same manner as at normal interval except that the element closest to the base file takes two 12-inch steps between pivots, the next element takes four 12-inch steps between pivots, and the last element takes six 12-inch steps between pivots.

23. What command is given in order to change the direction of a column by 45 degrees? (p. 43)

- The command is Column Half Right (Left), MARCH.

24. Explain how the halted movement during counter march is performed. (p. 47)

- The halted movement is performed in the same manner as if marching with these exceptions. -- Prior to executing the movement, the first element leader takes five paces forward, the

third element leader takes three paces forward, the second element leader takes two paces forward, and the fourth element leader takes four paces forward.

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25. What takes place within the flight if the command is Column of files from the Right (Left),

Forward MARCH? (p. 44)

- On the preparatory command, the guide takes a position in front of the file that will move first. The element leader of the right (left) element turns his or her head 45 degrees to the right (left) and commands Forward. -- At the same time the remaining element leaders turn their heads 45 degrees to the right

(left) and command STAND FAST. Their heads are kept to the right (left) until they step off.

-- On the command MARCH, the extreme right (left) element steps off. The element leader of each remaining element commands Forward, MARCH as the last cadet in each element passes, ensuring the leader’s element is in step with the preceding element.

-- All elements then incline to the right (left), following the leading elements in successive order.

26. List the commands for the following movements: (pp. 44,45)

- To form a column of twos when in a column of fours at a halt: -- The command is Column of Twos From the Right (Left), Forward, MARCH.

- When you are at a halt and in column and want to form a column of twos from a single file:

-- The command is Column of Twos From the Left (Right), MARCH.

- To form a single file when in a column of two or more elements: -- The command is Column of Files from the Right (Left), Forward MARCH.

- To form a column of fours when in a column of twos at a halt:

-- The command is Column of Fours to the Left (Right), MARCH.

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Exercise Identify each movement by placing the title beside each diagram in the space provided.

1. Forming a File From a Column of Twos. (p. 44)

2. Forming a Column of Twos From a File. (p. 45)

3. Column of Twos From a Column of Fours. (p. 46)

4. Column of Fours From a Column of Twos. (p. 46)

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Chapter 5


A. Fill in the Blank:

Fill in the blank with the word or words necessary to complete the statement.

1. On completion of the inspection of each flight, the flight commander moves three paces beyond the front rank, halts, faces down the line, and calls the flight to attention. (p. 52)

2. To receive the report of the first sergeant after all squadrons have been formed, the squadron commander takes a position 12 paces in front of, centered on, and facing the squadron. (p. 49)

3. To form the squadron in mass when it is halted in column, the command is Squadron Mass Left, MARCH. (p. 52)

4. Once the cadets of each flight are at their posts, the flight sergeants command REPORT, the element leaders remain in position, and in succession from front to rear of each flight salute and report the number of cadets absent or that all members are present. (p. 49)

5. When the squadron is in column, the guidon bearer is one pace to the rear and two paces to the left of the squadron commander. (p. 52)

6. When positioning units in an area, in backward march, the cadet takes 12-inch steps backward starting with the left foot, and maintains normal arm swing. (p. 49)

7. When the squadron is in column, the squadron commander may take a position on the flank to view and control the squadron; the guidon bearer is at the head of the column when this occurs. (p. 52)

8. The guide for a squadron movement is known as the guidon and during ceremonies and other activities prescribed by the squadron commander, the guidon is carried by a specially selected cadet called the guidon bearer. (p. 57)

9. The salute at carry guidon is executed in the same manner as the salute at order guidon except that the ferrule is approximately 6 inches from the ground. (p. 62)

10. When the squadron is being inspected and the commanders have commanded Parade, REST,

the guidon bearer may assume the position of parade rest after being inspected. (p. 50)

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11. Order guidon is the position of attention wherein the guidon bearer holds the guidon in a

vertical position and keeps the ferrule on the ground beside the right shoe. (p. 57) 12. The element leader calls the element to attention before the inspecting officer completes the

inspection of the preceding element during the inspection of the squadron. (p. 51) 13. On completion of the inspection of each flight, the flight commander moves three paces beyond

the front rank, halts, faces down the line, and calls the flight to attention. The flight commander takes one pace forward, faces to the right, and receives comments from the inspecting officer. The flight commander salutes the inspecting officer upon departure and then faces down the line and commands Close Ranks, MARCH. (p. 52)

14. Carry Guidon is the position in which the ferrule is approximately 6 inches from the ground.

(p. 57) 15. If you were a guidon bearer at order guidon, you would execute the salute with the left hand in

a two-count movement. (p. 62) 16. When the squadron changes direction when in mass formation, on the command Right Turn,

MARCH the individual takes one pace forward, executes a 90-degree pivot to the right, advances one 24-inch step, and takes up the half step. (p. 52)

17. After the proper alignment has been established when aligning the squadron, the squadron

commander will command Ready, FRONT, and COVER. (p. 50)

B. Multiple Choice:

Circle the letter that correctly answers the question or completes the statement.

1. To change direction when in mass formation and the squadron is at the halt or in march, the command is

a. Squadron Mass Left, MARCH. b. At Close Interval, Dress Right, DRESS. *c. Right (Left) Turn, MARCH. (p. 52) d. Column of Flights, Right Flight, Forward, MARCH.

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2. When aligning the squadron when in mass at a halt, the base flight commander verifies the alignment of ranks; when he/she resumes the post, the squadron commander commands

*a. Ready, FRONT and COVER. (p. 50) b. FALL IN. c. STAND FAST. d. Open Ranks, MARCH.

3. When the squadron is in columns and it is desired to obtain the correct distance between flights,

such as a column from standard mass formation, the command is

*a. CLOSE ON LEADING FLIGHT. (p. 48) b. CONTINUE THE MARCH. c. Ready, FRONT and COVER. d. STAND FAST.

4. Immediately after all the flights have made their reports, the first sergeant commands POST.

What happens when this command is given?

*a. The flight sergeants face about and move by the most direct route to their positions in the ranks; the squadron commander takes a position 12 paces in front of, centered on, and facing the squadron to receive the report of the first sergeant. (p. 49)

b. The squadron commander places himself/herself beside the first sergeant while the flight commanders face about and take their posts beside the guide.

c. The squadron commander takes a position 12 paces in front of, centered on, and facing the squadron.

d. The first sergeant faces the squadron commander, salutes, and moves by the most direct route to the appropriate position.

5. The first sergeant may be directed to join the squadron commander during inspection of the

squadron; if so directed, the first sergeant’s chief duty during the inspection is to

*a. take notes during the inspection. (p. 51) b. bring the squadron to attention. c. cover the rear as the commander moves from one individual to the next. d. verify the alignment of ranks.

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6. As the squadron commander approaches each flight during the inspection of the squadron, the flight commander

a. moves three paces beyond the front rank, halts, faces the squadron commander salutes and

reports, “Sir (Ma’am), ____ Flight is prepared for inspection.” b. faces about and moves by the most direct route to the appropriate position and reports, “Sir

(Ma’am), ____ Flight is prepared for inspection.” c. faces the flight and commands, “Sir (Ma’am), ____ Flight is prepared for inspection.” *d. brings the flight to attention, salutes, and reports, “Sir (Ma’am), ____ Flight is prepared

for inspection.” (p. 51)

7. If you are the leading right (left) flank individual of a squadron at attention and the command Right Turn, MARCH is given, which of the following movements would be correct for you to execute?

a. Do a right (left) 45-degree pivot, advance until opposite your place in line, do a second

right (left) 45-degree pivot, and upon arriving abreast of the pivot individual, take up the half step.

b. Face 90-degrees to the right in marching, advance one 24-inch step in the new direction, and then assume the half step.

*c. Take one pace forward, execute a 90-degree pivot to the right, advance one 24-inch step in the new direction, and then assume the half step. (p. 52)

d. Face 45 degrees to the right (left) in marching, advance one 24-inch step in the new direction and then assume the half step.

C. True/False: Place a T in the blank if the statement is true, and an F in the blank if the statement is false. T 1. In forming the squadron, any individual required to make a report salutes while

reporting and holds the salute until it is returned. (p. 49) F 2. When given the command At Close Interval, Dress Right, DRESS, the squadron

dresses at normal interval. (p. 50) T 3. During the inspection of the squadron, the first sergeant may join the squadron

commander to take notes during the inspection. (p. 51) T 4. Once the first sergeant has given his/her report to the squadron commander after the

formation of the squadron, he/she waits for their command before moving to their appropriate position. (p. 49)

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T 5. In order to inspect the squadron, it must be formed in line. (p. 50) T 6. In conducting the inspection of squadrons, the squadron commander begins by

inspecting the guidon bearer. (p. 50) F 7. When the squadron is being inspected, the inspection is made from the left to the right

in front and from the right to the left in rear of each rank. (p. 51) T 8. When inspecting the squadron, the flight commander may give parade rest to elements

not being inspected. (p. 51) T 9. When in column formation, the squadron is sized according to height, the tallest

individuals to the front and right. (p. 47) T 10. After an element has been inspected, the element leader may give the element “parade

rest.” (p. 51) T 11. To form the squadron in mass while marching, the commands by the squadron

commander are the same as those given if the squadron is halted. (p. 52) T 12. Once the flight commander has been inspected, he/she accompanies the squadron

commander through the inspection of the flight. (p. 51) T 13. The squadron is formed in line with flights in line by the first sergeant who takes an

initial post nine paces in front of the point where the center of the squadron is to be, faces the point and commands FALL IN. (p. 48)

T 14. Like the flight, the squadron is composed of two or more smaller units. (p. 47) T 15. Flight commanders do not repeat the squadron commander’s combined commands.

(p. 48) T 16. As members of each flight form in line at normal interval, a distance of three-paces will

be maintained between the flights. (p. 48)

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D. List or Describe: 1. How does the squadron commander go about getting the squadron to open ranks? (p. 48)

- The squadron commander faces the units and commands PREPARE FOR INSPECTION. - The flight commanders, in successive order from the squadron commanders left to right,

command their flights Open Ranks, MARCH. - They align their flights and give the command Ready, FRONT.

2. Explain how the first sergeant reports to the squadron commander once the squadron has been

formed. (p. 49)

- The first sergeant faces the squadron commander, salutes, and reports Sir (Ma’am), all present or accounted for or (number) persons absent.

3. Describe how the squadron is formed in line. (p. 48)

- The squadron is formed in line with flights in line by the first sergeant, who takes an initial post nine paces in front of the point where the center of the squadron is to be, faces that point, and commands FALL IN. -- On the command FALL IN, the squadron forms in two or more flights with normal

interval between individuals (unless close interval is directed) and a three-pace interval between flights.

4. Describe how the squadron is inspected. (p. 50)

- To inspect the squadron, it must be formed in line. The squadron commander commands PREPARE FOR INSPECTION. -- On this command, the flight commanders face about and order ranks to be opened.

After the command Ready, FRONT, flight commanders command Parade, REST. -- When all flights are at parade rest, the squadron commander begins by inspecting the

guidon bearer. The guidon bearer may assume the position of parade rest after being inspected.

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5. How would the squadron change direction while in mass formation? (pp. 52,54,55)

- To change direction when in mass formation and the squadron is at the halt or in march, the command is Right (Left) Turn, MARCH. -- The right (left) flank individual of the line of guides and flight commanders is the pivot

for this movement. -- On the command Right Turn, MARCH, the individual takes one pace forward,

executes a 90-degree pivot to the right, advances one 24-inch step, and takes up the half step.

-- On the command Left Turn, MARCH, the individual faces to the left in marching, advances one 24-inch step, and takes up the half step.

-- Other front rank individuals do a right (left) 45-degree pivot, advance until opposite their places in line, do a second right (left) 45-degree pivot, and upon arriving abreast of the pivot individual, take up the half step.

-- Each succeeding rank executes the movement in approximately the same location and in the same manner as the preceding rank. All continues marching in the half step until the command Forward, MARCH is given.

-- When turning to the left, each rank dresses left on the preparatory command. Dress will remain left until the command MARCH is given. Then the dress reverts to the right and remains there unless otherwise announced.

-- The squadron commander faces the squadron and marches backward until the change in direction has been completed.

6. Explain what happens once each flight has been inspected. (p. 52)

- On completion of the inspection of each flight, the flight commander moves three paces beyond the front rank, halts, faces down the line, and calls the flight to attention. The flight commander takes one pace forward, faces to the right and receives comments from the inspecting officer. The flight commander salutes the inspecting officer upon departure and then faces down the line and commands Close Ranks, MARCH.

- He or she then commands Parade, REST, AT EASE, or REST, whichever is appropriate, takes a post in front of the flight, centers on the flight, and assumes the same position as the flight.

7. What does the first sergeant do once he/she has reported to the squadron commander? (p. 49)

- Once the first sergeant has made his or her report to the squadron commander, he/she faces about and moves by the most direct route to the appropriate position.

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8. What do the flight commanders do after the first sergeant makes his report to the squadron

commander? (p. 49)

- The flight commanders immediately take their posts. 9. What is the command to align the squadron when in mass at a halt? (p. 50)

- At Close Interval, Dress Right, DRESS. 10. During inspection of the squadron, as the squadron commander approaches each flight, what

does the flight commander do? (p. 51)

- The flight commander brings the flight to attention, salutes, and reports Sir (Ma’am), _______ Flight is prepared for inspection.

11. When is the extended mass formation used? (p. 55)

- When a more impressive appearance for drill and ceremonies is desired. 12. How long is an individual who makes a report required to hold a salute? (p. 49)

- The person making the report will hold the salute until the report is completed and the salute is returned.

13. What is the flight commander’s position when accompanying the squadron commander during

the inspection of the flight? (p. 51)

- The flight commander’s position is to the right rear of the inspecting officer, walking in the lead, in a showing capacity. Single file between ranks is observed with the flight commander in the lead followed by the inspecting officer and, in turn, by the first sergeant. The squadron commander, beginning at the head of the column or right of the line, makes a small inspection of the equipment, dress, and appearance of the Airmen.

14. What does the squadron commander inspect during the inspection of the squadron? (p. 51)

- A inspection of the equipment, dress, and appearance of the Airmen.

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15. At what point is the command Forward, MARCH given when the squadron is in mass

formation and changes directions? (p. 54)

- Forward march will be given once the change of direction is completed and dress, cover, interval, and distance have been reestablished.

16. What is the command to form a column of flights from a squadron in mass formation from a

halt? (p. 55)

- Column of Flights, Right Flight, Forward, MARCH. 17. How does the guidon bearer hold the guidon at double time? (p. 57)

- The guidon bearer holds the guidon diagonally across the body and grasps the staff with the right hand at the position used at the carry, with the right forearm horizontal and the elbow near the body. The staff is grasped with the left hand opposite the left shoulder.

18. How is parade rest executed when a cadet is in the carry guidon position? (p. 57)

- Parade rest is executed by sliding the hand up the staff and inclining the staff of the guidon forward at arms length with the hand at waist level.

19. Who does the squadron commander direct to dismiss the squadron and what is the command?

(p. 57)

- The first sergeant is directed to dismiss the squadron by the squadron commander. - The command is First Sergeant, (pause) DISMISS THE SQUADRON.

20. Describe how a cadet would hold the ferrule when in the order guidon position. (p. 57)

- The guidon bearer holds the guidon in a vertical position and keeps the ferrule on the ground beside the right shoe.

21. What kind of movements requires carry guidon? (p. 57)

- Facings. - Alignments. - Formal marchings.

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22. Describe how the guidon bearer would execute order guidon while at carry guidon. (p. 61)

- The guidon bearer lets the staff slide through the right hand until the ferrule is on the

ground in line with and touching the toe of the right shoe. The staff is regrasped with the hand as at the carry position.

23. Describe how the guidon bearer would execute carry guidon while at order guidon. (p. 61)

- The guidon bearer grasps the staff with the left hand while at the same time loosening the

grip of the right hand on the staff. The guidon is raised vertically with the left hand, letting the staff slide upward through the right hand until the ferrule is approximately 6 inches from the ground. The guidon bearer then regrasps the staff with the right hand and cuts the left hand away smartly to the left side.

24. Describe how the guidon bearer would execute present guidon when at the carry or order

guidon. (pp. 61,62)

- Upon receiving the preparatory command Present or Eyes, the guidon bearer raises the guidon vertically until the right arm is fully extended.

- At the same time, the left hand is brought smartly across the chest to guide the staff. - Upon the command of execution ARMS or RIGHT, the guidon bearer lowers the guidon

straight to the front with the right arm extended and the staff resting in the pit of the right arm, cutting the left hand away smartly to the left side.

- On the command RIGHT of Eyes, RIGHT, the guidon bearer turns the head and eyes in the same manner prescribed for other individuals in the formation.

- Upon receiving the preparatory command Ready, the guidon bearer raises the guidon vertically until the right arm is fully extended.

- At the same time, the left hand is brought smartly across the chest to guide the staff. - Upon receiving the command of execution FRONT, the guidon is returned to the position

of carry, and the head and eyes are turned to the front.

25. How does the guidon bearer execute column movements and turns? (p. 57)

- The guidon bearer executes the movement on the command of execution and then moves at 45-degree angles to a position in front of the base file.

- When the squadron is in column with the squadron commander on the flank, the guidon bearer’s position is five paces in front of and centered on the front rank of the leading flight.

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Exercise Below are a list of titles and diagrams. Match each title to the correct diagram by writing the correct answer in the space provided.

Titles a. Forming the Squadron in Line b. Squadron in Line c. Inspection of the Squadron d. Squadron in Column e. Squadron in Mass Formation f. Right Turn in Mass Formation g. Squadron in Extended Mass Formation

Diagrams

1. a. Forming the Squadron in Line. (p.49)

2. b. Squadron in Line. (p. 50)

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(Diagrams Continued)

3. d. Squadron in Column (p. 53)

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4. g. Squadron in Extended Mass Formation. (p. 56)

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5. e. Squadron in Mass Formation. (p. 54)

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6. c. Inspection of the Squadron. (p. 51)

7. f. Right Turn in Mass Formation. (p. 55)

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Chapter 6


A. Define, Describe, or Identify:

1. Group – is composed of two or more squadrons. (p. 66)

2. Wing – is composed of two or more groups. (p. 66)

3. Distance – is measured from the rear of the leading element to the front of the element next in order of march. (p. 71)

4. Review – is the formation of troops in group or wing marching in a prescribed manner. (p. 71)

B. Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the word or words necessary to complete the statement. 1. Formation and movement of the group and wing are for ceremonies. (p. 66)

2. When in mass formation, the group drills by command. (p. 66)

3. The group is the smallest formation with a staff. (p. 66)

4. Staff members usually are arranged from right to left in order of rank, the senior on the right.

(p. 67)

5. The color guard is positioned in the center of the formation and is considered when measuring interval. (p. 71)

6. The flags are placed on each flank of the line on which the group is to form. (p. 69)

7. The group forms in column from a line of squadrons in line by executing right face. (p. 69)

8. The group is formed first on the ready line. (p. 71)

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9. When space is limited, the squadron is brought on the parade ground in a column of flights and

massed left as the flights come on to the ready line. (p. 71)

10. When the squadron arrives in its position on the ready line, it is halted and faced to the left. The squadron commander then commands GUIDE ON LINE. (p. 70)

C. True or False:

Place a T in the blank if the statement is True and an F in the blank if the statement is false. __F__1. The wing does drill by command. (p. 66) __T__2. The groups is the smallest formation with a staff. (p. 66) __T__3. On special occasions, the wing may be formed in line with groups in mass formation.

(p. 71) __T__4. Before the ceremonies, the adjutant ensures the group position on the parade ground is

marked with two flags. (p. 69) __F__5. The distance is measured from the front of the leading element to the rear of the element

next in order of march. (p. 71) __T__6. For ceremonies, the group is formed with squadrons in mass. (p. 67) __F__7. As each squadron arrives in its position on the ready line, it is halted and faced to the left.

The squadron commander commands Forward, MARCH. (p. 70) __T__8. When all elements are dressed, the adjutant commands Guides, POST. (p. 70) __T__9. A review may be held to allow a higher commander, official, or dignitary to observe the

state of training in a command. (p. 72)

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D. List or Describe: 1. How does the group or wing assume any formation? (p. 66)

- To assume any formation, the group or wing commander announces the desired formation,

point for the right (left) of the group or wing, and direction in which the line or column is to face. The units approach the line on which the group or wing forms in column or line. After completion of a movement, the squadrons are given at ease until another movement is ordered.

2. What is the purpose of a review? (p. 71)

- The purpose is to inspect the degree of drill proficiency of officers and Airmen and the state of readiness of equipment.

3. How is a group formed in column? (p. 69)

- The group forms in column from a line of squadrons in the line by executing right face. Usually the group commander prescribes the following: -- Formation. -- Direction the column will face. -- Hour of forming. -- Location of the head of the column. -- Order in column of the group headquarters, squadrons, and attached elements. -- At the appointed time, the squadron commanders form their units. They place their

units in column and report their arrival in place to the group commander or adjutant.

4. What action is taken to dismiss a group? (p. 71)

- The group commander commands DISMISS YOUR SQUADRONS. - The squadron commanders salute the group commander, march their squadrons to the place

of dismissal, and dismiss them. - After the squadrons march off, the group commander dismisses the staff. - If the group commander desires to release the squadrons to their commanders without

directing that the squadrons be dismissed promptly, the command TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR SQUADRONS is given. The squadron commanders salute the group commander and take charge of their squadrons.

5. What happens if there is an increase in size for appearance in group formation? (p. 67)

- For ceremonies, the group is formed with squadrons in mass. When an increase in size for

appearance is necessary, the group is formed in line with squadrons in line. When formations are in movement, the group is usually in column with squadrons in column and flights in column. The group in mass formation is used for special command reviews.

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Chapter 7

Ceremonies

A. Define, Describe, or Identify:

1. Reveille – is the signal for the start of the official duty day. (p. 99)

2. Retreat ceremony - signals the end of the official duty day and serves as a ceremony for paying respect to the United States Flag. (p. 100)

3. Retreat - marks the end of the official duty day. (p. 100) 4. Halyard - a rope for hoisting and lowering the flag. (p. 100) 5. National Anthem – is a declaration of reference and loyalty to the United States with the flag as

an emblem. (p.110) 6. To the Colors – is a bugle call sounded as a salute to the flag and it symbolizes respect to the

nation and the flag the same as the national anthem does. (p. 110) 7. Parade – is a review with honors. (p. 79) 8. Guidon Bearers – execute right face while the squadron is dressed. (p. 83)

B. Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the word or words necessary to complete the statement. 1. The reveille ceremony takes place in the vicinity of the base flagstaff and is held after sunrise.

(p. 99)

2. The retreat ceremony signals the end of the official duty day. (p. 100)

3. The flag should always be raised and lowered from the leeward side of the flagstaff. (p. 100)

4. When lowering the flag, the senior member commands the detail, Order, ARMS when the flag is low enough to be received. (p. 102)

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5. When foreign troops are invited to participate in a ceremony within the territorial jurisdiction

of the United States, they are assigned a position of honor ahead of the U.S. troops, except for a small U.S. detachment, which immediately precedes the foreign troops as a guard of honor. (p. 78)

6. A parade is a ceremony within itself when respect is paid to the U.S. Flag, as in retreat. (p. 79)

7. The adjutant takes a position on the final line six paces to the right of the first unit, faces down line, and begins the ceremony by commanding the band to sound Adjutant’s Call. (p. 82)

8. On the command GUIDE ON LINE, the guide double times to the final line, halts, faces to the

right, and aligns on the adjutant. (p. 82)

9. If in mass formation, on the command Guides, POST, the guides more to their positions in the ranks by executing a left face and taking one pace forward. (p. 83)

10. Immediately after publishing the orders, the adjutant commands Officers, Center, MARCH; then faces about and take a position one pace to the right and 1½ paces to the rear of the commander of troops. (p. 83)

11. A civilian receiving a review takes a position on the right of the local commander. (p. 91)

12. The proper distance between units, including wing and group staffs and the colors, is 12 paces. (p. 90)

13. Medals are pinned on the left breast pocket of military personnel. (p. 88) 14. Honors are given to the reviewing officer when the grade is appropriate. (p. 85)

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C. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that correctly answers the question or completes the statement.

1. When outdoors in civilian clothes and the National Anthem or To the Colors is played, what procedure should be followed?

*a. Stand at attention, face the flag, and place your right hand over the heart. (p. 113) b. Face the flag and salute. c. Face the flag and assume the position of attention. d. Stand at attention until the music stops playing.

2. When in civilian attire, cadets should recite the Pledge of Allegiance while

a. standing at attention, remaining silent, and facing the flag. *b. standing at attention, facing the flag with the right hand over the heart. (p. 113) c. sitting at attention and remaining seated until the Pledge of Allegiance is finished. d. facing the flag (if visible) and standing at attention.

3. When in civilian attire and reciting the Pledge of Allegiance, male cadets should

a. assume the position of attention, salute, and face the flag (if visible). b. stand at attention, remain silent, and face the flag. c. face the flag and take the position of attention with their headgear remaining on. *d. remove their headgear with the right hand and hold it over their left shoulder, hand over the

heart. (p. 113)

4. Cadets Miller and Smith, dressed in service dress uniforms, were seated inside Jones Coliseum to attend a basketball game. Just before the game started, the band played the National Anthem. Upon hearing the music the cadets should have

a. risen to their feet, faced the flag, stood at attention, and executed the military and salute. b. risen to their feet and stood at attention until the music stopped. c. come to attention, faced the flag, and saluted. *d. risen to their feet, faced the flag, and stood at attention. (p. 113)

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5. Flight B marched by a reviewing stand where an uncased U. S. Flag was on display. What procedure should Cadet Olsen, acting flight commander, follow?

a. Render the salute by standing at attention and placing her right hand over her heart. *b. Execute a hand salute approximately six paces before she reaches the flag and hold it until

she is approximately six paces beyond. (p. 110) c. Come to attention, salute, and face the flag. d. Execute a hand salute approximately four paces before she reaches the flag and hold it until

she is approximately three to four paces beyond.

6. Cadet Brown was returning from a baseball game wearing his physical training uniform when he heard the band start playing the National Anthem. Cadet Brown should

a. come to attention and render the appropriate salute. b. stop immediately, come to attention, and place his right hand over his heart. c. come to attention, remain silent, and face the music. *d. stop immediately, come to attention facing the music, remove his headdress with his right

hand and hold it at his left shoulder with his right hand over his heart. (p. 113)

7. Cadet Bowman, while in uniform, was riding with a civilian driver. What should they do when they hear the first note of To the Colors?

*a. Stop the vehicle and both should remain seated at attention until the music stops. (p. 113) b. Stop the vehicle, get out, come to attention and remain at attention until the last note is

played. c. Stop the vehicle and render the salute by standing at attention and placing the right hand

over the heart. d. Keep moving because no action is required.

8. When music accompanies the flag lowering ceremony, which of the following procedures is

correct in regard to the timing of the activities?

a. Once the flag has been lowered the National Anthem or To the Colors is played and the flag security detail folds the flag.

*b. On the first note of the National Anthem or To the Colors, the flag is lowered in coordination with the playing of the music so that the two are completed at the same time. (p. 102)

c. The National Anthem or To the Colors will be played after the flag has been lowered to give the flag detail time to fold the flag before the music stops.

d. The National Anthem or To the Colors is played and the flag is lowered slowly and with dignity.

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9. The optimum size of this formation should be four should be four by eight with staff positions.

a. Squadron in Mass Formation with Wing in Line *b. Groups in Line (Column) with Squadron in Line (Column) (p. 80) c. Wing in Line with Squadron in Mass Formation d. Squadron in Line (Column) with Groups in Line (Column)

10. The optimum size this formation should be eight by eight with staff positions.

a. Squadron in Line (Column) with Groups in Line (Column) b. Squadron in Mass Formation with Wing in Line c. Groups in Line (Column) with Squadron in Line (Column) *d. Wing in Line with Squadron in Mass Formation (p. 80)

11. The commander of troops and the wing and group commanders command Eyes, RIGHT

when….

a. they arrive four paces from the reviewing stand. b. they arrive five paces from the reviewing stand. *c. they arrive six paces from the reviewing stand. (p.90) d. they arrive three paces from the reviewing stand.

12. On the command CENTER, the wing staff officer executes right face and the wing adjutant

executes left face. They move forward…

*a. three paces, halt, and executes about face. (p.87) b. four paces, halt, and executes about face. c. five paces, halt, and executes about face. d. six paces, halt, and executes about face.

13. When does the reviewing officer and those accompanying the reviewing officer salute the U.S.

flag?

a. While passing and stop in front of it. *b. When passing in front of it. (p. 86) c. When approaching three steps in front of it. d. After passing in front of it.

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D. True/False: Place a T in the blank if the statement is true, and an F in the blank if the statement is false. F 1. Miniature flags displayed at downtown parades and sporting events should be saluted.

(p. 110) T 2. Reciting the Pledge of Allegiance is optional for those in uniform if the participants are

primarily civilians or in civilian attire. (p. 113) T 3. Outdoors at any ceremony where the U.S. Flag is present, all personnel will come to

attention, face the flag in the ceremony, and salute. (p. 113) T 4. In military formations and ceremonies, the Pledge of Allegiance is not recited. (p. 113) F 5. In uniform outdoors but not in formation, if the flag is not visible and the music is

recorded, all personnel will come to attention but no one is required to salute. (p. 113) T 6. When in uniform outdoors but not in formation, if the flag is visible, all personnel will

face toward the flag and salute although the music is recorded. (p. 113) F 7. Flags and national anthems of friendly foreign nations are not shown the same respect as

our own. (p. 113) F 8. If in uniform outdoors, but not in formation, with the flag in view when the music starts,

all personnel will face the flag and stand at attention while the commander renders the salute for everyone. (p. 113)

T 9. Small flags and flags on half staff are not saluted, neither are cased and folded flags.

(p. 110) T 10. If the commander desires, a reveille ceremony may accompany the raising of the flag; if

this is done, the ceremony takes place after sunrise near the base flagstaff. (p. 99) T 11. If the retreat ceremony takes place at the parade ground, it is a part of the parade

ceremony, but if conducted within the squadron area, it is usually a ceremony not involving a parade. (p. 100)

F 12. When U.S. troops are invited to participate in a ceremony within the territorial

jurisdiction of the U.S., they are assigned a position of honor ahead of the foreign troops. (p. 78)

T 13. Any of the formations for the group may be used. (p. 79)

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F 14. In ceremonies of a wing or larger unit, the group should remain as one after passing in review. (p. 82)

T 15. The group adjutants remain on line until all elements in their groups have come on line.

(p. 82) T 16. The group commander dresses the group, and the squadron commander on the right

checks the alignment. (p. 82) F 17. If it is not desired that the band troop the line, the adjutant commands SOUND OFF.

(p. 83) T 18. If there is only one group participating in the ceremony, the adjutant and commander of

troops give commands directly to the troops. (p. 99) T 19. The reviewing officer may designate an individual to return the salute as the units pass in

review. (p. 91) F 20. Staff members are required to salute with the commander when the troops are presented.

(p. 91) T 21. All individuals at the reviewing stand salute the U.S. flag as it passes. (p. 90)

E. List or Describe:

1. What would you do if you are indoors when the National Anthem or To the Colors is played? (p. 113)

- Face the flag (if present) and assume the position of attention. If no flag is present, assume

the position of attention facing the music. Do no salute unless under arms.

2. Explain what you would do if you were outdoors at a sporting event in uniform but not in formation, and the U.S. Flag is visible and To the Colors is played. (p. 113)

- Come to attention, face the flag, and salute.

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3. Describe what you would do if you were an occupant of a civilian or military vehicle and the

National Anthem or To the Colors is played. (p. 113)

- Occupants of a civilian or military vehicle, including the driver, sit at attention until the last note of music is played.

4. Describe what you would do if outdoors at an event and an uncased flag is escorted past you.

(p. 110)

- Stand at attention, face the front and render the appropriate salute. (The salute is rendered approximately six paces before the flag is even with you and held until the flag has passed approximately six paces beyond you).

5. Describe what you would do if indoors and the National Anthem or To the Colors is played and

no flag is present. (p. 113)

- You would assume the position of attention facing the music. You would not salute unless under arms.

6. What is the purpose and definition of ceremonies? (pp. 77,78)

- Accord distinctive honor to national symbols or individuals on special occasions. - Display the proficiency and state of training of the troops of a command. - Promote teamwork and pride in an Air Force organization. - Contribute to the public morale by displaying symbolically the strength and unity of the

military in support of the nation. 7. What is the suggested checklist for the commander of troops? (p. 79)

- Establish the time, date, and place. - Determine the type of formation; that is, squadrons in mass or extended mass and number of

squadrons and groups. - Determine the type of ceremony, honors, or decorations. - Select who will perform in command positions and as color guard. - Mark the parade field, including the final line and line of march. - Make arrangements for the band public address system. Communicate with flight line

personnel to coordinate flyovers, if desired. - Arrange for and hold practices, if needed. - Announce the uniform for the ceremony. - Arrange for the Colors appropriate to the grade of the reviewing officer.

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8. On the arrival of a general officer, what is the sequence of events for the general’s flagbearer? (pp. 96, 99)

- The flagbearer takes a position in front of the aircraft or staff car, goes to present, and unfurls

the flag as the general leaves the vehicle. - The flagbearer then takes a position one pace to the right and 1½ paces to the rear of the

general. The flag bearer maintains this relative position at all times, when practical, including after the ceremony, during a social event following the ceremony, etc.

- During the parade or review, the general’s flag may be presented as the general desires and specifically on the following occasions: -- During the playing of the National Anthem or To the Colors. -- During the playing of Ruffles and Flourishes. -- As the Colors pass by. -- When the general’s flag is furled or cased and a salute is required by the flag bearer. (A

guidon salute is executed.) 9. In a ceremony, the staff changes post (faces about) in what manner? (p. 91)

- When the staff consists of one or two members, on the command Change Post, MARCH

by the commander of troops, the staff officer moves forward three paces, halts, and executes an about face automatically without command. The commander of troops executes about face the same time as the staff faces about. When awards are presented, the commander of troops does not reverse the staff. In posting, the adjutant moves toward the commander of troops, marches 45 degrees to the left, halts in position, and executes about face.

- When the staff consists of more than two members, on the command Change Post, MARCH by the commander of troops, the adjutant moves four paces forward, faces to the left in marching, and advances to a position diagonally opposite the original position. Other members of the staff face to the right and follow the path of the adjutant until they have reached relative opposite positions. They then halt and face the reviewing stand without command to complete the movement. In advancing to receive the report, the adjutant moves forward, turns 45 degrees to the left until directly in front of the commander, turns forward again, and advances to a position between the front line of commanders and the commander of troops. The same route is used in returning to the post.

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Documents

HQ AFOATS - Civil Air Patrol · 2017. 11. 23. · outline, and PowerPoint slides. The lesson plans in this instructor guide will help you teach the contents of the AFMAN to your students