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How Aircraft Operators Can Benefit from How Aircraft Operators Can Benefit from
PHM TechniquesPHM Techniques
Big Sky - Montana2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference
Leonardo Ramos RodriguesEMBRAER S.A., São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
Takashi Yoneyama; Cairo Lúcio Nascimento JúniorITA, São José dos Campos , São Paulo, Brazil
HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
ContentsContents
Introduction
PHM Basic Concepts
Potential Benefits
Unscheduled Maintenance
Scheduled Maintenance
Troubleshooting
Inventory Management
Aircraft Allocation to Routes
Final Considerations
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HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
IntroductionIntroduction
The application of PHM (Prognostics and Health Management)
techniques can potentially provide a wide range of benefits to
aircraft operators.
PHM systems are often closely associated with the reduction in
the number of unscheduled maintenance tasks, but they
may potentially lead to considerable savings in other fields.
Scheduled maintenance, troubleshooting, inventory
management and aircraft allocation to routes are examples of
how operators can use PHM information in order to optimize their
processes.
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HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
IntroductionIntroduction
The use of PHM information may lead to
important competitive advantages such as
reduction in operational cost and increase
in fleet reliability.
The purpose of this work is to enumerate and
explore qualitatively some of the PHM
benefits in terms of the mentioned competitive
advantages.
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HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
PHM Basic ConceptsPHM Basic Concepts
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The main goal of the research in PHM is to estimate the
Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and health state of
equipments and systems.
It comprises a set of techniques which use analysis of
measurements to assess health and predict impending failure of a
monitored equipment.
HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Unscheduled Maintenance Unscheduled Maintenance
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System failures are preceded by degradation
indicators such as wear, corrosion, surface damage,
vibration, noise, overheating, leakage, cracking, etc.
PHM algorithms correlate these degradation indicators to
failure modes and quantify the resulting damage to the
monitored equipment. A degradation index is generated.
RUL estimation can are used by maintenance planners to
anticipate maintenance actions and fix the degraded
monitored system before a failure occurs.
HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Unscheduled Maintenance Unscheduled Maintenance
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Increase in Fleet Availability:Increase in Fleet Availability:
Unscheduled maintenance actions are replaced by scheduled
tasks, planned and performed with minimum impact on the
operation (avoid AOG = Aircraft On Ground).
Reduction in the number of delays and cancellation events.
Reduction in Operational Cost:Reduction in Operational Cost:
A failed equipment tends to require a more expensive repair than a
degraded but still functional one.
Failed equipments may cause damages to other equipments,
increasing the cost required to repair the whole system.
Reduction in cost of compensations offered to the delayed or
cancelled flight passengers (meals, hotel rooms, phone calls, etc.).
Preservation of intanglible assets such as client satisfaction, client
loyalty, company reputation.
HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Scheduled Maintenance Scheduled Maintenance
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A PHM system is a powerful support tool
to support the implementation of a CBM
program.
Maintenance planners may use RUL
estimation to schedule maintenance
interventions.
Full implementation of a CBM program
must be supported by a certification
process and must follow certifying
authority recommendations.
HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Scheduled Maintenance Scheduled Maintenance
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Increase in Fleet Availability:Increase in Fleet Availability:
Using Condition Based Maintenance strategy, the number
of maintenance interventions is the minimum
necessary to maintain the system. The aircraft
availability is optimized.
Reduction in Operational Cost:Reduction in Operational Cost:
Reduction in the number of maintenance interventions
reduces the labor cost required to maintain the aircraft
during its whole operating life.
HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
TroubleshootingTroubleshooting
Maintenance teams may use PHM information to perform a
faster and more accurate troubleshooting process during
the turnaround time (time between two consecutive flights).
Degradation level associated to each system component
can be used as a rank to establish a priority for functional
tests.
A potential benefit that a PHM system can provide to this
procedure is the automation or even the elimination of
the some of the routine checks and inspections.10
HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
TroubleshootingTroubleshooting
Increase in Fleet Availability:Increase in Fleet Availability:
If troubleshooting process uses PHM information, failure
root-cause can be identified faster, and the aircraft will
be ready for the next flight in a shorter period of time.
Reduction in Operational Cost:Reduction in Operational Cost:
PHM systems allow maintenance teams to accurately
identify a faulty component without running a series of
functional tests in order to isolate the fault.
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HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Inventory OptimizationInventory Optimization
Inventory owners must establish an
inventory policy that balance the
requirements of high levels of service
for unscheduled maintenance events
and the budget constraints of keeping
a high level of inventory at the
warehouses.
The number of spare parts to be
acquired and the best moment to
place a new order can be determined
based on the estimated probability of
failure of each monitored component.
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HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Inventory OptimizationInventory Optimization
Increase in Fleet Availability:Increase in Fleet Availability:
Aircraft operators are able to strategically distribute spare parts
among maintenance centers and guarantee that a spare part
will be available in the right place.
Reduction in parts transport time.
Reduction in Operational Cost:Reduction in Operational Cost:
The ideal number of spare parts to be acquired and the best
moment to place new orders can be determined based on the
estimated probability of failure given by a PHM system.
Reduction in inventory level keeping the required service level.
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HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Aircraft Allocation to RoutesAircraft Allocation to Routes
Operators can allocate aircraft presenting lower RUL – and
consequently higher probabilities of failure – to routes
that pass through or are closer to the maintenance
centers location.
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HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Aircraft Allocation to RoutesAircraft Allocation to Routes
Increase in Fleet Availability:Increase in Fleet Availability:
Probability of a failure event to happen in a location far
from the spare parts can be reduced by using PHM
information. It reduces the mean time to repair,
increasing fleet availability.
Reduction in Operational Cost:Reduction in Operational Cost:
Intelligent aircraft allocation to routes potentially
reduces the distance between the spare parts and faulty
aircraft locations. It represents a reduction in
logistic costs.15
HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Final ConsiderationsFinal Considerations
This paper presented an overview of some of the benefit opportunities and competitive advantages that a PHM system may provide considering different aircraft operators activities.
It can be noticed that the information generated by a PHM system is valuable itself, but aircraft operators can considerably increase the potential benefits provided by a PHM system when its information is combined with other information sources such as maintenance centers location, equipments lead time and FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) data.
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HOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUESHOW AIRCRAFT OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM PHM TECHNIQUES
Thank You!
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Leonardo Ramos Rodrigues ([email protected])Takashi Yoneyama ([email protected])Cairo Lúcio Nascimento Júnior ([email protected])