Hots Xii Biology

7/25/2019 Hots Xii Biology

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Chapter 1.

REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS

1mark

1) No two individuals, especially in mammals (except monozygotic twins) look

alike. What distinguishes them from the rest 1

!) " plant was introduced in #ndia $ecause of its $eautiful flowers % shape of

leaves. #t propagates vegetatively at a phenomenal rate and spread all over the

water $odies and has $ecome a threat. Which plant is $eing referred to 1

&) " few plants exhi$it unusual flowering phenomena which flowers once in

their life time and die. 'uggest an evidence of the same from monocotyledon.1

) #dentify " and *a$el (1) and (!) in the given figure 1

+) he Nilgiris $elt form the large $lue stretches in the hilly areas of -erala,

-arnataka, % amilnadu and attracted a large num$er of tourists. What reason

do you attri$ute to this phenomenal change of nature once in 1! years 1

) Why estrous cycle is not seen in humans 1

/) "ll papaya and date palm plants produce flowers yet only few papaya and

date palm seen to produce fruit. What could $e the possi$le reason for the rest

not producing them 10) ften the num$er of male gametes produced in an organism is in large

num$er as compared to female. Why has nature taken up this developmental

disparity 1

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2) his figure shows fruit containing seed inside. *a$el ' % 3 shown in fig. 1

14) #n nature for $oth plants % animals, hormones are responsi$le for transitions

$etween the three phases of reproduction. Which & phases are $eing referred tohere1

! marks

11) *a$el " and and write the type of the vegetative propagule. !

"

1!. (i) hough ginger is found under the soil. 5et it is not a root, $ut stem. 6ustify your answer with two reasons.

(ii) What are the specialised cells which undergo meiosis in the diploid

organisms, called as

1&) Why can7t man $e oviparous 6ustify the statement. !

1) (i) Name the process of development of em$ryo from the zygote. !

(ii) What are the two changes which the zygote undergoes during this

process

1+) *a$el the figures " and and also mark 8 and 5. !

"

8 5



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1) Why dogs and cats have oestrus cycle $ut human $eings have menstrual

cycle, though all are mammals !

1/) #n $isexual flowers, why is the transfer of pollen grains easier than in

unisexual flowers Name the specialized event in unisexual flowers which helps

in transfer of pollen. !

10) 9an we refer the off :springs formed $y asexual reproduction, as a clone

#f yes, why !

12) he posterior end of cockroach shows the following structures. ;ention if it

is a male or female. "lso la$el the part marked 787.

!

8

!4) "rrange the following events in proper sem$ryogenesis

($) ?ertilization

(c) @ametogenesis

(d) Aygote formation.

What will happen if meiosis does not take place during gametogenesis

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Chapter-2.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS.

1mark

1) Bo pollen grains survive in adverse conditions 1

!) Non: al$uminons seeds do not have endosperm, then from where do they take the

food during germination 1

&) .'. of anther shows four layers in the wall:epidermis, endothelium, tapetum and

middle layer, "rrange them from outermost to innermost. 1

) #dentify the figure given $elow and la$el the parts indicated in the figure. 1

+) 9omplete the flow chart. 1

) #f the num$er of chromosomes in the leaf cell of a flowering plant is !0, What

num$er would you expect in the em$ryo and endosperm 1

! marks

/) (a) Che microspore is haploid while that of microspore mother cell is diploidC

comment. !

($) Dow many male gametes and female gamets are produced $y

(i) ?ive microspore mother cell (ii) ?ive megaspore mother cell

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0) (a) what is the process shown in the diagram given $elow

($)Name the structure at (a) of the figure given $elow !

.

2) Why do you think that the zygote is dormant for some time in a fertilized ovule !

14) What will $e the fate of ovule if the synergids are a$sent in the em$ryo sac !

11) 5our friend would like to cross:pollinate the $isexual flower. Dow can you guide

him to $e successful in his experiment !

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1!) Dow does the flower of maize and canna$is are pollinated What are the features

found in these flowers for such type of pollination !

& marks

1&) @enerally nucellus does not persist in mature seeds. 9ite two examples which show

persistence of nucellus in the seed and what name is given to the persistent nucellulus&

1) #f one can induce parthenocarpy through the application of phytohormones, which

fruit would you select to induce parthenocarpy and why &

+ marks

1+) " student wants to know the ploidy of coconut. "fter studying its different parts he

inferred the ploidy of the following parts. 9heck whether the student is correct. +

(a) Water inside the fruit:n

($) White -ernal:!n(c) 'eed coat:n

(d) >m$ryo:&n

(e) epal:!n

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Chapter- -!UMAN REPRODUCTION

1 mark

1) Aygote undergoes mitosis to form 1 celled stage of em$ryo. What is it

known as 1

!) Name the important mammary gland secretions that help in resistance of the

new $orn $a$y. 1

! marks

1) ?ill in the $oxes !

!) Why does fertilisation take place in fallopian tu$e and not in uterus !

&) Which cell organelle is present in the neck of the sperm What is its

significance !

) ?ailure of fertilisation leads to menstruation. >xplain. !

& marks

1) Dow does the ovum ensure that only one sperm fertilizes it &

!) Name the part of the female reproductive system where the em$ryo is

implanted. ;ention the type of tissue $y which it is made up of and give their

functions &

&) What is the fate of inner cell mass in the $lastocyst ;ention their

significance. &

) *a$el a,$,c in the following diagram. &

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" mark#

1) @ive the term E reason +

a) ;echanism responsi$le for parturition.

$) Fole of oxytocin during expulsion of the $a$y out of uterus

c) Why does zona pellucida layer $lock the entry of additional sperms

d) 'perm cannot reach ovum without seminal plasma.

e) "ll copulations do not lead to fertilization and pregnancy.

!. Women are often $lamed for giving $irth to girl child in our society. What is

your view +

&. ?urnish the technical term for the following= +

a) 9ushion of fatty tissue covered $y skin and pu$ic hair in female

external genitalia.

$) he finger like proGections which collect ovum after ovulation

c) he middle thick layerEwall of uterus

d) 'emen without sperm

e) he finger:like proGections appearing on the tropho$last after

implantation.

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Chapter- $

REPRODUCTI%E !EALT!

1MAR&

1. " large num$er of couples are said to $e infertile. he couples could $e

assisted to have children through certain special techni


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!

$

#ntroduction of Aygote or

em$ryo with 0 $lastomers

into

?allopian tu$e.

&

c

#ntroduction of ova of a

donor into

?allopian tu$e.

#.K.. d

&." $arrier method prevents conception is said to $e, user friendly, easily

availa$le and prevent 'B7s. 1H1

& marks

1. (a) #dentify the given diagram. What it is used for &

Chapter ". PRINCIPLES OF IN!ERITANCE AND %ARIATION



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1) he following ta$le shows the genotypes for " $lood grouping and their

phenotypes .

?ill in the gaps left in the ta$le.. !

!)" homozygous green seeded plant is crossed with yellow seeded plant. heprogeny o$tained was half yellow seeded and half green seeded . !

i) Write the genotype of yellow seeded progeny.

ii)Write the technical name of the cross.

& ;"F-'

1) #n the following pedigree chart, state if the trait is autosomal dominant,

autosomal recessive or sex linked. @ive a reason for your answer &

!) " man with $lood group " married a woman with group, they have a son

with " $lood group and a daughter with $lood group , work out the

possi$ility of inheritance with the help of a 3unnet s


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i)Dow is this recom$inant percentage related to the loci of the gene responsi$le

for recom$inants.

ii) Which phenomenon is associated with this

+;"F-'

1) wo plants (snapdragon) with red flowers and white flowers are crossed and

the following results are shown= +

Fed(FF) White(rr)

?1generation= "ll pink flowers

i) What phenomenon is shown in ?1generation

ii) Write the genotype of ?1 and phenotype of ?!generation.

iii) What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of the ?!generation

iv) With the help of a punnet s


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,UESTIONS*

1) Name the "mino acid residues of histones. 1

!) What function does :galoctosidase carry out 1

&) Which factor determines the coding strand and the template strand 1

) Why only one mFN" is produced in transcription 1

+) Why the strand +7:&7 is called coding strand though it does not take part in

transcription 1

) What are >'s 1

/) BN" is a polynucleotide characterised $y two types of peaks. Which peak is

known as satellite BN" 1

0) " criminal case of 14 years old was registered for investigation. What

samples they might have tested 1

2) " particular human gene has the largest num$er of $ases. #dentify it. 1

14) #solation, digestion and separation of BN" in a specific gene. Name the

techni


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i) #dentify the mistakes made $y him in codons

ii) 9orrect the mistakes

1+) Dow is peptide $ond formed &

1) wo persons filed a case against a lady claiming to $e the father of her only

daughter. Dow to identify the real $iological father &

1/) #f a nucleosome contain !44$ps. Dow many nucleosome are there in amamalian cell What changes occur to $eads of string of B.N." during

metaphase

10)

i) Name fragment ") % )

ii) Name the process of given diagram

iii) #n what phase of cell cycle this process takes place.

12.#llustrate $elow in a BN" segment which constitute a gene.

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i) Will the whole gene $e transcri$ed in FN" primarily

ii) Name the shaded % unshaded part to the gene.

iii)>xplain how is gene expressed.

iv) Dow is this gene different from prokaryotic gene in its expression

!4) @iven $elow schematic representation of two interacting $acterial cells.

i) Name the $acterium and descri$e the process illustrate.

ii) What is the use of such process in genetics

iii) Which of two cells act as male

iv) Braw a la$eled diagram of stage immediately next to the one shown here.

Chapter. E%OLUTION

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1) 'tudy the figures (a) and ($) given $elow and answer the ngland, after industrialization it was o$served that white winged moth did

not survive. &

i) What you think the cause may $e

ii) What was the change and why it has happened

iii) Which organism is known as natural indicator to air pollution

&) 'tudy the following pairs of organs and identify them as homologous or

analogous organs= &

i) horns of ougainvillea and cucur$it tendrils.

ii) ?ore legs of horse and arms of man

iii) Wings of $at and $utterfly

iv) ?lipper of whale and fins of fish

v) runk of elephant and human nose.

) 9omplete $oth columns representing evolutionary history of verte$rates,

through geological periods. &

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%erterate#

Ge/0/3a0

per/4566-"67Early Reptilis _________

_________ Jurassic(150)

_________ Tertiary (50)

+) ?ill up the missing se


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;ention the disease and its causative organism. !

&) he health department would like to control malaria without using chemicals

in any form.

eing a student of iology what method would you suggest 1

) nly ?emale "nopheles mos


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Jiral FN"

Jiral BN"

#ncorporate host BN"

;ove and attack

Chapter-:.

STRATEGIES FOR EN!ANCEMENT INFOOD PRODUCTION

1) Which process decreases fertility and productivity in crops 1

!) Why do we use apical and axillary meristems for tissue culture 1

&)Name the technology which in addition to tissue culture techni


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. Why hy$rids of selected parents are self pollinated till a state of homozygosity1

/. Name the parents of hisardale. 1

0. ?or which amino acids maize is $iofortified 1

2. o which micro organism is 3ar$hani -ranti resistant and give the $otanicalname of it 1

14. Which are the characters will you look for, to confirm that the plant given toyou is a pest resistant1

11. Why the $reeding programme for millets is mainly focused for the developmentof high yielding varieties

1

! ;arks

1)Name the pest organisms for which 3usa stem: ! % pusa stem & are prepared as

pest resistant recom$inants !

!)he somatic hy$rid of tomato % potato is OpomatoP $ut it is not grown on commercial

scale. Why !

&) o which products are the following related !a) @reen revolution

$) lue Fevolution

) 9omplete the following missing steps and aims in the $reeding of new genetic

variety of a crop. !

Step Am

a.QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ :collection of pre:existing genetic

varia$ility

.3ure line creation :o evaluate and select parents.

c.QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ :o com$ine the desired characters

of different plants

d. screening the superior QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

com$inant

e. Felease and commercialization QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

of new cultivars

+) Dow is outcrossing different from cross $reeding !

) Dow was 3ar$hani kranti created !

/) Which of the following crop plants are not matching as correct pairs !

a. Wheat : Dimgiri

$. rassica: 3usa @aurav

c. 9auliflower: 3usa 'hu$ra

d. 9hilli:3usa swarnim

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0)9omplete the following ta$le !

Wheat " Fesistant to leaf and stipe rust

Pusa

swarnim

Fesistant to white rust

Ca;0

& marks

1).C"rtificial insemination helps overcome several pro$lems of normal matingC:

6ustify the statement and list a few of them. &

!) Name the steps represented in the following process &

"

>valuation % selection of parents

+

C

esting release % commercialization of new culture

&). ;atch " with &

" i) urnip ;osaic a) acteria

ii) 9itrus canker $) Jirus

iii) 'ugar cane red rot c) ?ungi

)?ollowing are the steps for $reeding process. "rrange them in correct order, name the

process % state its advantages. &

a. he female is mated with a male of good variety

$. he fertilized egg at 0:&! called stage are recovered % transferred to surrogate

mother.

c. he female is administered hormones to induce super:ovulation.

Chapter 16. MICRO+ES IN !UMAN WELFARE

1 mark

1) Brinks like Whisky and Fum are more intoxicating than wine. Why 1

!) 9an we imagine a world without anti$iotics >xplain $riefly. 1

&) ottled Guices are clearer compared to homemade Guice. @ive reason. 1

) Which one of these is a proteinaceous infecting agent 1

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a) Jiroids, $) prions, c) protern, d) wat.

+) "n organic farmer re


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2mark#

1) " farmer was suggested to apply certain micro$ial culture in his field to

increase the yield. 'uggest the types of micro$es he could use in his paddy field

and how do they help in increasing the yield. !

!) #t was o$served that certain plant roots are infected $y fungus. in spite of this

infection the plant showed increased growth and development. @ive reason.!

&) "rrange the steps in sewage treatment in proper se


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/) 9omplete the given ta$le

Name /< the /ra9#m Pr/4;3t>E9?@me>+/a3te ma0e 3;0e

"spergillus niger (i)

(ii) >thanol

(iii) 9yclosporin:"

(iv) "cetic acidMonascus purpureus (v)

Streptococcus (vi)

& marks

1) ?or what significant properties the aculoviruses are considered as $est iological

control agent. ;ention its importance in organic farming.

!). @ive one example and one use of the following=:

i) ?ree living fungi

ii) 'ym$iotic fungiiii) ?ree living $acteria

" Mark#

1)Why is organic farming favoured these days Bescri$e the methods employed in the

process.

!.) (i) hree water samples namely river water, untreated sewage water and secondary

effluent discharge from a sewage treatment plan were su$Gected to B test. he

samples were la$eled ", and 9 $ut the la$ attendant did not note which B is for

which water. he B values of three samples ", and 9 were recorded as !4mgE*,

0mgE* and 44mgE* respectively. Which sample of the water is most polluted 9an

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you assign the correct la$el to each, assuming that the river water is relatively clean.

(1)

(ii) Which is not a tool of Fecom$inant BN" technology.

a) Festriction enzyme

$) Jectorc)ioreactor (1)

(iii) *a$el the following diagram % #dentify the selecta$le markers (!)

(iv) What is the role of polymerase (1)

Chapter 11. +IOTEC!NOLOGB-PRINCIPLES PROCESSES

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1Festriction >nzymes are called S;olecular scissorsT. #n what context they are

referred so

! #n what way the following two plasmids differ 1

"

&. What is the source of thermosta$le BN" polymerase and Name that polymerase. Why

thermosta$le BN" polymerase is essential in 39F 1

She prophase # of meiosis plays a vital role in r:BN" formationT 6ustify the statement.1

+ >ukaryotes do not have restriction endonuclease, then how they manage with normal

endonuclease enzyme1

What special feature do prokaryotes have to defend themselves from $acteriophages1

/QQQQQI Benaturation HQQQQQQH>xtenton.1

0.9omplete the following palindrome se


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H I

?oreign BN" H plasmid I UUUUUUUU

9omplete the a$ove se


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(f) 6oining of foreign BN" fragments with plasmid.

&. >xplain the following, emphasizing their formation.

(a) rBN"

($) cBN"

(c) dsFN"

. Name the diagram and la$el the parts OaP to OeP.

3

4 e

a

PART D " MAR&S EAC!

1.

(a) >xplain how recom$inants and non: recom$inants are differentiated on the

$asis of colour production in the presence of a chremogenic su$strate. Name that

procedure.

($)Bescri$e the temperature treatment (:& step:) that enhances the $acteria to

take up the rBN".

Chapter- 12. +IOTEC!NOLOGB AND ITS APPICATIONS



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1) Che @reen Fevolution has $een achieved due to the use of improved crop

varieties and agrochemicals, $ut it is still not enough to feed the growing

populationC. 'uggest a suita$le method of agriculture to meet the demand. 1

!) " species of 'olanum is intolerant to salty soil. Dow will you make the

species tolerant to the given a$iotic stress. 1

&) Why do we use @; to create tailor made plants. 1

2 mark#

1) 'ome cotton plants grown $y farmers are known as 7t cotton7. !

a) What does t stand for.

$)What is the advantage of this cotton plant

c)Dow did scientists achieve this!) he $acillus is not killed even after the application of insecticidal protein

which is toxic. 9omment. !

&) t toxins are insect group specific. he toxin is coded $y a gene named cry.

Dow does the genes cry #"c differ from cry #"$

) Br."run developed a vitamin " rich potato through his research on genetics.

a)What do you call such potato plants !

$)Who can approve the validity and safety of introducing potato for pu$lic uses.

+) Nematode specific genes.

H

"gro $acterium

Dost plant with nematode gene

ds FN"

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9

i) What is this techni


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Chapter1. ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS

1) ;ost living organisms cannot survive at temperatures a$ove +c. Dow are

some micro$es a$le to live in ha$itats with temperature $eyond 144c 1

!) "n orchid plant is growing on a mango tree. Dow do you descri$e the

interaction $etween the orchid and the mango tree 1

) 3eople living in higher altitudes have higher F9 count. @ive reasons

+) 9attle or goats never graze on weeds of calotropis. @ive reasons. 1

+) wo closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co:exist

indefinitely.'tate the principle which supports this phenomenon. 1

) What type of growth status the following pyramid represents 1

/) C"$ingdon tortoise in @alapagos islands $ecame extinct within a decade after

goats were introduced in that islandC. 9an you cite the possi$le reason for the

same 1 ! ;"F-'

1) 'tudy the graphical representation shown $elow and mention the

conditions responsi$le for the curves SaT and S$T respectively. !

!)

!

a) Which type of growth curve does it represent

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$) What do the notations represent in the a$ove e


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+) "s succession proceeds the num$ers and types of animals and decomposers

also change. Dow 1

) #n $urnt out ?orests and flooded lands succession takes place faster. Why 1

/) 'edimentary cycle is


34/68

the soil.

1H'('

& marks

1) oth car$on and phosphorus cycles are $iogeochemical cycles $ut they differ in three

aspects. *ist them. &

!) >cosystems should carry a hefty price tag for its various services. >nlist six of

them. &

Chapter -1". +IODI%ERSITB

1 mark#

1) a) #ndia has more than +4444 different strains of rice and 1444 varieties of

mangoes.

$) Western @hats have a greater "mphi$ian diversity than the >astern @hats.

What do you infer from the a$ove two statements

! marks



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17 2

#dentify a,$,c and d in the a$ove pie diagram showing glo$al $iodiversity of

plants.

!) 9olum$ia located near the explain !

) he species diversity of plants is much less than that of animals. What could

$e the reason for this and figure out how animals achieved greater

diversifications !

+) 'eeds of different genetic strains are kept for long periods in seed $anks.

>xplain the conservative strategy involved in this process. !

) "mazon forests are regarded are C*ungs of the 3lanetC. Why !

/) National parks come under 7in situ7 conservation while Aoological parks under

7exsitu7 conservation. comment. !

0) here are & $iodiversity hot spots in the world. What are the criteria of

selection of such hot spots !

2) *antana % >ichornia are examples of two weeds. Dow do they affect the

ecosystem !

& marks

1) iologists are not sure a$out how many prokaryotic species there might $e.

@ive reasons. &



36/68

!) #n an experiment, the slope of regression (z) is 4.! and in another experiment

the value o$tained is 1.!. >xplain the two situations in respect of species area

relationships. &

&) Would Western @hats ecosystems $e less functional if one of its tree frog

species is lost forever 'u$stantiate your answer in the light of hypothesis

proposed $y 3aul >hrlich. &

Chapter1). EN%IRONMENTAL ISSUES

1 mark

1)." factory drains its waste water into a near$y lake. What will $e its effect on

the lake after a few days

!. he names of organisms in an aating $irds: small fish:phytoplankton.

&)he central pollution control $oard o$served that a thermal power plant is

emitting 04L of its particulate matter in the exhaust due to poor maintenance

What could $e the cause for this increase in L of particular matter 1



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) he $irds egg shells $ecome thinner in an area where there is an excess

application of pesticides. 9omment. 1

+) ;otor vehicles with catalytic converter should use unleaded petrol. Why1

) Why should we $e thankful to micro:organism present in domestic sewage1

2 mark#

1) Jehicles are fitted with catalytic converters. @ive reason !

!) #t was o$served that some of the a


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#n the a$ove graph what does " % depict !

0) he application of BB for a long period resulted in the elimination of $ird

species from a locality. Dow does it happen >xplain. !

2) #dentify the wrong pairEs and correct it. !

a) 9herno$yl incident:Fadio active waste

$) 'now $lindness cataract: Digh dose of 9?9

c) 9hipko movement: 'ave trees

d) 3oly$lend:'olves air pollution.

14) Bumping waste in landfills is not a real solution for disposing wastes. Why

!

11) Famesh collected water samples on his $oat:trip downstream along a river.

n analysis it was o$served that the dissolved oxygen content reduced initiallyand later increased gradually. 9an you help him plot a graph on concentration of

B % B downstream !

& marks

1) ;any coastal areas may get su$merged due to the environmental changes

taking place at the present rate. @ive the cause, and state two measures to check

it. &

!) #ntegrated organic forming is a cyclical zero waste procedure. 6ustify. &

&) >cosan toilets are a hygienic, efficient and cost effective solution to the

disposal of human wastes. 6ustify. &

+ marks



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1) $serve the following figure carefully and answer the


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) ;an is an advanced animal, with more reproductive capacity.

/) 3apaya and date are dioecious plants.

0) ;ale gametes are motile in nature and they are destroyed.

2) ': 'eed, 3:3rotective pericarp.

14) a) 3re:fertilization $) 3ost:fertilization c) >m$ryogenesis

11) ":>yes :@erminating eye $ud ype:u$er

1!) (i) #t is a modified stem and has nodes, internodes and $ud.

(ii) 9ell division and cell differentiation.

1&. ;an is a placental animal having adaptation to give $irth.

1. i)>m$ryogenesis ii)cell differention and organogenesis

1+) 3arts of fig:8:"rchegoniopore5:"ntheridiophore

a: ?emale thallus of marchantia

:;ale thallus of marchantia.

1) Bogs and cats are seasonal $reeders having heat period during which

ovulation takes place $ut human females have this cycle every month.

1/) oth the reproductive organs stamens and pistils are present in the same

flower close to each other $ut in unisexual flower they are present in two

different flowers. ii) 3ollination

10) 5es, since all the organisms are exactly similar to the parents.

12) he figure indicates part of female cockroach, name of the part: ovary.

!4) @ametogenesis, fertilization, zygote em$ryogenesis.

@ametes will $e diploid.

A9#=er# 2* Se;a0 Repr/4;3t/9 I9 P0a9t#

1) 5es, sporopollenin is present in exine

which is not digested $y enzymes.

!) hey take food from cotyledons

&) outer most: >pidermis

>ndothecium

;iddle layer

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#nner most. apetum

) ". vacuoles

. Nucleus

Bevelopment of pollen grain

+) (i) 3ollination

(ii) @eitonogamy

) >m$ryo : !0

>ndosperm : !

/) (a) ;;9 under goes meiotic division to form microspores.

($) (i) ;ale gametes:!4

(ii) ?emale gamets:+

0) (a) ;icrosporogenesis ($) 3ollen grain tetrad.

2) Aygote divides only after the formation of endosperm $ecause endosperm nourishes

the developing em$ryo.

14) 'ynergids have filiform apparatus at the micropylar end which guides pollen tu$e

into the egg apparatus, otherwise pollen tu$e may not enter to em$ryo sac, no

fertilization.

11) >masculation followed $y artificial pollination, i.e. 3ollens of selected plants have

to $e dusted on the stigma $efore $agging the flower.

1!) y Wind

(i) 3ollen grains are dry, light, produced in large


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A9#=er# -. !;ma9 Repr/4;3t/9

O9e mark

1. ;orula

!. 9olostrum

T=/ mark H;e#t/9#*

1. a) 3rimary spermatocytes

$) 'permatids

!. he pD is not suita$le for fertilization in uterus.

&. ;itochondria

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#t produces energy for the movement of tail that facilitates sperm motility

essential for fertilization.

. #n the a$sence of fertilization corpus luteum degenerates. his causes

disintegration of endometrium leading to menstruation.

Three mark#

1. Buring fertilisation a sperm comes in contact with Aona pellucida layer of the

ovum % induces change in the mem$rane that $lock entry of additional sperms.

hus it ensures single sperm entry.

!. Kterus

Kterus is made of three tissue layersQQQQQQ

a) >xternal thin mem$ranous layerQQ3erimetrium$) ;iddle thick layer of smooth muscleQQ;yometrium

c) #nner glandular layerQQ>ndometrium.

>ndometrial layer undergoes cyclic changes during menstrual cycle.

;yometrium exhi$its strong contraction during delivery of the $a$y.

&) he inner cell mass of em$ryo differentiates into

i) uter layer::::>ctoderm

ii) #nner layer::::endoderm

iii) ;iddle layer::::;esoderm

hese three layers give rise to all tissues (organs) in adults.

.a). Nipple

$). "mpulla

c). ?at

Fe mark#

1. a) complete nuero:endocrine mechanism

$) xytocin acts on uterine muscle for stronger contraction

c) o ensure the fusion of one sperm

d) 'eminal plasma is a li


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!. he $elief is totally wrong.

#t is the pro$a$ility of 8 or 5 chromosome com$ination that decides the sex of

the child.

Betail in page +! of N9>F class xii (sex determination)

9hromosome 5 decides the sex.

&. a) ;ons pu$is

$) ?im$riae

c) ;yometrium

d) 'eminal plasma

e) 9horionic villi

3hapter-$. Repr/4;3te !ea0th

A9#=er# 1 MAR&

1. "ssisted reproductive technologies("F) 1

!. 0:celled stage 1

&. #ntra cytoplasmic sperm inGection(#9'#) 1

.3eriodic o$stience or coitus interruptus 1



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+. "mniocentesis 1

. 3ills (3rogestogen:estrogen com$ination.)or 3rogestogen

! ;"F-'

1. a) vulation does not take place

$) *actational amenorrhea. 1H1

!. a:#n vitro fertilization and em$ryo transfer

$:A.#.?.

c: @#?

d:#ntra uterine insemination

&.a) 9ondom

$) *atexEru$$er

&;"F-'

1. #mplants

?unctions 1H1H1

i) hey contain progestogens or progestogen. estrogen com$ination

ii) hey inhi$it ovulation and implantation of em$ryo to the uterine wall.

.

". Pr93p0e# /< I9herta93e %arat/9

ANSWERS*

2 Mark#

1)

! ) #t is a $ack cross. he genotype of yellow seed is 5y.

Mark#

1) he trait is autosomal dominant. he dark circle character is on autosomal

dominant character in the heterozygous condition. he progeny is 1=1



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!)

o "

"

"

&. i);ore the recom$ination fre


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) >xpressed seF page :11&

1&) i) ": ;ethionine, :.t:FN" ii) ranscription

hint=:N9>F 3age:111) i) the initiating and terminating codon changed.

ii) "K@ as initiating codon, K@": terminating codon.

hint:N9>F page 11+.

1+) ":Dydrogen $ond $etween $ase pairs. :3hosphate and sugar $onds. 9:

ond $etween sugar and $asis

hint=:N9>F page:2

1) he $iological father can $e identified $y BN" finger printing techniF >8 - : page 1!1)

No. of $ase pair in ;ammalian cell I No. of Nucleosome

ase pairs in one nucleosome

x14

!44 I &.&x14

Nucleosome

10)i) ":leading strand

:lagging strand.

ii) BN": replication

iii) ':phase of the cell cycle.

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Dint=: N9>F page 14/

12)

ii) he shaded parts are introns and un shaded parts are exons.

iii) he primary FN" script undergoes splicing, in this process, the introns areremoved exons are Goined together to form m:FN".

iv) #n prokaryotes, the information is continuous and there is no need for

splicing, the entire BN" is transcri$ed into FN".

!4) i) >. coli, he figure illustrate conGugation $etween Dfr cell and ? cell, in which

a portion of donor BN" has come into the recipient (?Ycell). he conGugation $ridge

last only for a short period $efore the entire BN" move into the recipient, it $reaks. #t

will $e incorporated into recipient BN" $y replacing an e


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ii) Domologous

iii) "nalogous

iv) "nalagous

v) Domologous

$7%erterate# Ge/0/3a0 Per/4#

herapsidus 9ar$oniferous

Binosaurs

: (>xtinct)

+) a) Bryopithecus $) "ustralopithecus c) Domo erectus

)>volution of $eaks of finches that Barwin found.Fefer N9>F text $ook page

1&& ?ig /.+./) ?ive factors are known to affect Dardy: Wein$erg7s eF ext$ook for class 8##

C!-8!;ma9 !ea0th a94 D#ea#e#

ANSWERS*

1. i) 3neumonia ii) 'treptococcus pneumonia

!. 9ommon cold

Fhino virus

&. y the introduction of the mos


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. ecause of the protected environment provided early in life and due to

exposure to high level of pollution.

/. 3assive immunity

0. 'ecretion of Distamine % 'erotonin $y mast cells

"ntihistamine, "drenalin, steroid

2. i) "#B'

##) >*#'"

###) Dis :*ymphocytes were destroyed

14. i) Dallucination

ii) *'B, cocaine

iii) >rythroxylum cocaE"tropa $elladonaEBatura sps.11. a)Jiral FN" enters macrophages

$) Feverse transcriptase

c) D#J viral particles

d) :*ymphocytes.

C!-:-STRATEGIES FOR EN!ANCEMENT INFOOD PRODUCTION

ANSWERS*

O9e mark*-

1) #n$reeding depression

!) #t is free of virus

&).>m$ryo ransfer technology

) ecause there is limited availa$ility of disease resistance genes in the crop plants %

their wild relatives.

+)the $est availa$le local cultivar

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) o produce pure or in$red lines, so that there will $e no segregation of characters in

the progeny.

/). ilkaneri ewes % ;arino rams

0). ryptophan % lysine

2). 5ellow mosaic virus,Abelmoschus esculentus

14). ;orphological, physiological % $iochemical

11). Fesistant to water stress.

T=/ mark#

1)5ellow mosaic virus,Abelmoschus esculentus

!) ;orphological, physiological % $iochemical

&) a. #ncreased food production (Wheat % paddy)

$. #ncreased fish production

) a. @erm plasm collection

$. 9ross Dy$ridization

c. o select and test the hy$rid for the desired character com$ination for

success of $reeding o$Gective.

d. $tained hy$rid is evaluated in the crop field and is compared with the

local crop cultivar.+) utcrossing is the practice of mating animals of the same $reed that have no

common ancestors on either side of their pedigree upto : generations whereas

cross $reeding is the cross of one with superior females of another $reed.

) #t was created $y transferring gene for resistance to yellow mosaic

virus(5;J) in $hindi from a wild species to

("$elmoschus esculentus.)

/) 3usa @aurav and 3usa swarnim are mismatching pairs.

0). ")Dimgiri )rassica c)3usa shu$hra B) 9hilli >)9hilly

mosaic % leaf cure

Three mark#*

1) his statement is true

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:it helps in selective $reeding in animals.

:semen of a single $ull can $e used to impregnate several females.

:


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/) ptimum temperature is needed for the action of lacto $acillus and to convert

milk to curd. acteria $ecomes inactive at low temperature

0) 9urd contains lactic acid $acteria which checks the growth of disease causing

micro$es and protects the gastro intestinal tract

2) 9ellular respirationEanaero$ic respiration in $acteria produces 9!gas which

puffs up the dough

14) he nutritional


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! marks

1) he micro$ial culture containing ana$aena, scillatoria or Nostoc. hey act

as $iofertilizer $y fixing the atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and there$y

increasing the soil fertility

!) he plant roots which are infected $y fungi form sym$iotic association with

them and the fungi help the plant to a$sor$ phosphorus from the soil and the

plant $ecomes resistant to salinity and drought thus this sym$iotic association

called mycorrhiza help in the development of the plant.

&) he proper se


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rganic farming uses $iopesticides and $iofertilizers.

i)iopesticides a) aculo viruses attack harmful insects.

$) acillus thuringiensis introduced in crop field. (hese

$acteria are availa$le sackets as dried spores) which are mixed with water %

spread over vulnera$le plants.

ii) iofertilizers a) 9yano $acteria are used in crop field to increase the fertility

of soil. $) "zolla is used in crop field which is decomposed % increases

the fertility of soil.

"ns !. #) ": !4 mg E*'econdary effluent

0 mgE*Fiver water

9 44 mgE*Kntreated sewage water

ii) ioreactor

iii)

iv) Fole of polymerase BN" polymerase is an enzyme used to make copies

of BN" making use of the genomic template BN" and the primer.

C! 11-+IOTEC!NOLOGB-PRINCIPLES PROCESSES

ANSWERS* 1 mark

1 hey cut BN" molecules at specific sites and then fragment! a: non recom$inat $. recem$in


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0. +P

&P>nzyme:>9F#

&P +P

! ;"F-'

1) No, when cut with the same restriction enzyme, only the resultant BN"

fragments have the same sticky ends and these can $e Goined together using

BN" ligases.

!) 3resence of more than one recognition sites within the vector will generate

several fragments, which will complicate gene cloning.

1. hese are enzymes called restriction enzyme found in $acteria and are used to

cut pieces of BN"

!. hese are organisms that are used to transfer a gene of interest to a host. >g=plasmid, virus, and $acteria.

&. he palindrome in BN" is a se.g.

+P @""9 &P

& 9""@ +

. rBN"

+(a) "grose.

($) 'ea weed:Gelidium sp.

(a) p$r &!!, it is a plasmid:vectorV others restriction enzymes in the plasmid.

($) gene:gun: it is a device used for direct introduction of a gene in a host cell.

/ *ysosome :fungi,.(lysozyme is the enzyme to related to $acteria and not fungi)

0. (a) added to precipitate the purified BN" to isolate it.

($) microinGection: to inGect the foreign gene into a host cell, directly.

( c) set up to culture large volumes of transgenic $acteria to get large


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r:protein is the product of transgenic gene in the host $ody Ecell.

& ;"F-'.1.(a) gene therapy

($) amplification Z FN" interference

(d) palindronic se


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1.a) t: acillus thuringiensis

$) pest resistant

c)y genetic modificationEcloning

!.#t is in the form of inactive protoxin.

&9ry # "c: 9ontrols the cotton ollworms

9ry # "$: 9ontrols corn $orer

.a. @ ; 3otato

$. @>"9

+.i) FN" interference

ii) a)sense FN"

$) "nti sense FN" c) 'ilencing he m:FN"

& marks

1.a) @ene therapy

$)*ymphocytes

c)Fetrovirus

!. a.No

$. y getting a patent

c. iopiracy.

&.hrough#ndian3atentill

#ndian 3arliament.

ANSWERS*C!APTER 1 -ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS

1) ;icro$es posses physiological and $iochemical adaptations which allow them

to live in ha$itats with temperature exceeding. 144c. here are $ranched chain

lipids in the cell mem$rane and special resistant enzymes which deal with high

temperatures. 1

!) 9ommensalisms, #n this interaction the orchid is $enefitted on attaining the

support where as ,mango tree is neither $enefitted nor harmed.

'('

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&) Bue to low atmospheric pressure at higher attitudes $ody compensates low

oxygen availa$ility $y increasing red $lood cell production, decreasing the

$inding affinity of hemoglo$in and $y increasing $reathing rate. 1

) he plant produces highly poisonous cardiac glycosides. 1

+) @ause7s competitive exclusion principle 1

) Beclining population.

/) @oats have greater $rowsing efficiency and hence the tortoises died of lack of

food. 1

! marks

1) C;re a repre#e9t# ep/9e9ta0 r/=th =here the re#/;r3e# are 9/t 0mt9the r/=th. 1

$) 9urve 7$7 represents logistic growth where the resources are limiting the

growth 1

!)a) *ogistic growth curve

'

$) NI population density at:time 7t7

1'

rI#ntrinsic rate of increase

-I carrying capacity

&) -angaroo rat is capa$le of meeting all its water re


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& marks

1) "tmospheric pressure in Fohtang pass, which is at high altitude, is low and

hence the $ody does not get enough oxygen. Fam is suffering from altitude

sickness. 1H1

#f he stays for long the following change will occur in the $ody and he will

$ecome acclimatised to the conditions. 1

a)F9 production increases

$) reathing rate increases

c) inding capacity of hemoglo$in decreases.

!) a) Felation $etween sea anemones and hermit cra$ is mutualism since sea

anemones protects the hermit cra$ and cra$ provides $its of food to seaanemone, thus $oth $enefitted. 1

$) Felation $etween shark and suckerfish is commensalisms $ecause only

sucker fish gets food and is $enefitted while shark is neither harmed nor

$enefitted. 1

c) Felation $etween sea anemone and clown fish is also commensalism since

only the fish gets protection from predators. 1

C!APTER 1$-ECOSBSTEM

1) ;an made ecosystem Natural ecosystem

Knder regular control not under the control of man

"nd monitored $y man

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!) y the decomposition of detritus, the simple minerals are released into the

atmosphere % from there it come $ack to the earth.

&) Digh temperature favours decomposition and low temperature inhi$its

decomposition

.) Betritus food chain $egins from the dead and decaying matter while grazing

food chain starts from the green plants(3roducers).

+) Jegetation changes in turn change the food and shelter for various types of

animals. "s a result the foresaid changes happen.

) #n $urnt out forests and flooded lands some soil or sediment is present. here

is no need for soil to $e formed.

/) he reservoir of gaseous cycle exists in the atmosphere and for thesedimentary cycle it is located in earth7s crust

! marks

1) >nergy flow is always from the sun to 7producers7 and to the different trophic

levels. so it is unidirectional. ut the nutrients are moving from the living to

non:living and vice:versa.

!) Betritus is rich in nitrogen and sugars. ?or oxidation of nitrogen and sugars

oxygen is re


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&. >vident gaseous exchange $etween &.@aseous exchange $etween

rganism and

organism and environment takes place environment is extremely

negligi$le.

!) 1. 3urify air and water

!. ;itigate droughts and floods

&. cycle nutrients

. @enerate fertile soils

+. 3rovide wide life ha$itat

. 3ollinate flowers

/. 3rovide aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values

C!APTER 1" +IODI%ERSITB

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1 mark

1) a) @enetic diversity $) 'pecies diversity

! marks

1) a) "ngiosperms

$) "lgae

c) ?ungi

d) ;osses

!) *atitudinal gradients in $iodiversity.

iodiversity decreases as latitude increases .

iodiversity decreases as one move from tropics to ex:situ conservation

hey are preserved in via$le and fertile condition for long periods using

cryopresrvation techni


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ii) Digh degree of endemism

2.hese are examples of "lien species invasions. hey threaten the indigenous

species % lead to their extinction.

&marks

1) i)he conventional taxonomic methods are not sufficient for identifying these

micro$ial species

ii);any of the species cannot $e cultured under la$oratory conditions.

iii) iochemical and molecular $iology techni


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1) >utrophication due to growth of algal $loom. 1

!) ?ish:eating $irds 1

&) 3oor maintenance of the electrostatic 3recipitator.

) Digh concentration of BB distur$ calcium meta$olism in $irds which

causes thinning of egg shell. 1

+) *ead inactivates catalyst 1

) ;icroorganism present in domestic sewage $reak down organic su$stances

present in the sewage. 1

! marks

1) 9atalytic converter has platinum palladium and rhodium as catalyst to reduce

emission of poisonous gases. "s the exhaust passes through the converter

un$urnt hydrocar$on are converted into 9!and water and car$on monoxideV

nitric oxide are changed in to 9!and nitrogen gas.

!) a) BB in the $ody interferes with the calcium meta$olism, resulting in

thinning of egg shell % their premature $reaking ultimately leading to a decline

is $ird population 1H1

$) iomagnification

&) a) *ead in the petrol inactivates the catalyst 1H1$)Kn$urnt hydrocar$ons are released which increases the air pollution.

)3articulate pollutants inhaled deep into the lungs cause irritation,

inflammation, damage to the lungs, % premature death.

+) a I 9!I 4L

$ I methane I !4L

c I 9?97' I 1L

d:N! I 4L

'xI!) a) "lgal $loom resulting in depletion of oxygen 1H 1

$) >utrophication.

/) ":B 1H1

:Bissolved oxygen

0) io magnification : (accumulation of BB in the $ody of $ird) distur$s the

meta$olism of calcium : thin egg shell

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:3remature hatching : decline in population

2) $:snow $lindness cataract:Digh dose of KJ:

B:3oly$lend:solve plastic pollution.

14) a) he amount of gar$age generation specially in the metros has increased so

much that these sites are getting filled too.

$) "lso there is a damage of seepage of chemicals etc from these land fills

polluting the underground water resources

11) 3.N !/ fig 1.&

& marks

1) @lo$al warming due to the increase in conc. of green house gases

#t can $e checked $y. ("ny !)

i) @rowing more trees (afforestation)

ii) Feduce the use of fossil ?uel

iii) 3revent deforestation

!) #ntegrated organic farming is a cyclical zero waste procedureQ

a) Waste products from one process are cycled in as nutrients for the

other process.

$) here is no need for chemical fertilizers as cattle excreta are used asmanure.

c) 9rop waste is used to create compost, which is used as manure to

generate electricity.

&) Duman excreta are also recycled into manure which reduces the use of

chemical fertilizers.

"mark#

1) ") a: collection plate $: Birty air

c:discharge corona d:9lean air !

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) i) he electrode wires are maintained in several thousand volts, which

produces corona that releases electron. 1

ii) hose electrons attach a dust giving negative charge. '

iii) he collecting plates attract the charged dust particles '

9) he electrostatic precipitator removes the particulate matter where as the

scru$$er removes the gases like '!. 1

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