Hong Kong Economic Situations

Stephen Yan-Leung Cheung

Prof. (Chair) of Finance

City University of Hong Kong

Content

1. Hong Kong Economy

2. How can we position ourselves?

3. Opportunities in China Market

4. Uncertainties

Government Deficit (I)Year 2004-05

($billion)

2005-06 ($billion

)

2006-07 ($billion

)

2007-08 ($billion

)

2008-09 ($billion)

Operating revenue 165.6 170.7 177.7 184.9 194.8

Operating expenditure 212.2 210.6 207.1 203.5 200.0

Operating surplus/ (deficit) (46.6) (39.9) (29.4) (18.6) (5.2)

Capital revenue 37.9 56.8 44.5 56.0 49.3

Capital spending (including payments from the Capital Investment Fund)

53.4 52.3 45.9 39.6 37.1

Capital financing surplus/ (deficit)

(15.5) 4.5 (1.4) 16.4 12.2

Government bond issuance

- Proceeds

- Interest expense

20.0

0.5

-

1.0

-

1.0

-

1.0

-

1.0

Capital financing surplus/ (deficit) after bond issuance

4.0 3.5 (2.4) 15.4 11.2

Government Deficit (II)

Year 2004-05 ($billion

)

2005-06 ($billion

)

2006-07 ($billion

)

2007-08 ($billion

)

2008-09 ($billion

)

Consolidated surplus/ (deficit)

before bond issuance

- as a percentage of GDP

(62.1)

4.9%

(35.4)

2.7%

(30.8)

2.2%

(2.2)

0.2%

7.0

0.5%

Consolidated surplus/ (deficit)

after bond issuance

- as a percentage of GDP

(42.6)

3.4%

(36.4)

2.7%

(31.8)

2.3%

(3.2)

0.2%

6.0

0.4%

Fiscal reserves after bond issuance

- as number of months of Government expenditure

223.8

10

187.4

9

155.6

7

152.4

8

158.4

8

Public expenditure

- as a percentage of GDP

286.0

22.5%

277.7

20.8%

270.2

19.3%

264.3

18.0%

259.3

16.9%

Source: The Budget 2004-05

Observations (I)

• Operating revenue cannot cover operating expenditure

• Operating deficit will last until 2008/09

• Consolidated deficit will last until 2007/08

Observations (II)

• The consolidated surplus/ (deficit) is boosted by the 20 billion bond issue

• Interestingly, Mr. Tang’s speech did not mention about the payment

• Issuing bond is a source of financing not income

Operating Expenditure Forecast (in $billion)

212.2

210.6

207.1

203.5

218.0

200.0

217.4

200.0

190

195

200

205

210

215

220

03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09

Source: The Budget 2004-05

Target

Forecast

Operating Revenue Forecast (in $billion)

170.7

177.7

184.9

200

155

154.8

165.6

194.8

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09

Source: The Budget 2004-05

Target

Forecast

Surplus/Deficit Forecast (in $billion)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09

Operating Surplus/ Deficit Consolidated Surplus/Deficit

Source: The Budget 2004-05

Observations (III)

• Operating expenditure drops from 218 billion in 03/04 to 200 billion in 08/09

→ 8% decrease

• Operating revenue increases from 155 billion in 03/04 to 200 billion in 08/09

→ 29% increase

• Question is how to boost up government revenue

Facts

• Hong Kong has a narrow tax-base• No room to increase direct tax rate

– Salary tax– Profit tax

• Depend too much on direct tax– 40:60 (indirect tax: direct tax)

• Only 40% working population pay salary tax• For those who pay the standard tax rate (less

than 1%) are responsible for more than 20% of the salary tax revenue

• Government becomes serious on GST

Economic Situation

• Hong Kong GDP in Q3 increased to 7.2%

• Close to the GDP in 2000 Q1, which was 13.6% (IT bubble)

• The total exports in Q4 2004 increased around 13%

• Tourism, individual travel scheme

• CEPA

Property Market Recovery

• Recovery in 2003 Q4 and 2004 Q1

• Number of transactions increased by 22% in the first half of 2004 over the second half of 2003

• Average property price dropped slightly recently but prices went up by 26% relatively to mid-2003

• Affordability ratio improves substantially

Number and Value of Property Transactions

Prices for Residential Property

Affordability Index

Tourism

• Number of tourists arriving at Hong Kong increased – substantially from China, and – from other destinations

• Number of tourists arriving at Hong Kong in June 2004 exceeded the pre-SARS level

• In July 2004, number of tourists reached 1.99 million

Visitor Arrivals

Visitor Arrivals by Sources

Consumption

• Private consumption expenditure had an average growth of 7% in real term in Q1-3 2004

• The volume of total retail sales increased by 6.8% in Dec 2004

• Reflection of strong rebound of local consumers and tourists

Private Consumption Expenditure

Hong Kong’s Price Movement

Market Forecast Hong Kong’s Economic Growth

Forecast (%)

Government 7.5

BOC HK 7.6

HSBC 7.8

DBS 7.5

Merrill Lynch 8.0

Citibank 6.5

INC 7.5

Sources: Census and Statistics Department, Reuters, and BOCHK Research

Hong Kong Economic Situation (I)

Two Problems1. Deflation

– A period of 5 years & 8 months– CPI increased by 0.2% in Dec 04 but fell by 0.5% in

Jan 05– Declined in prices were recorded in Jan 2005 for ho

using (-3.1% in the Composite CPI), durable goods (-2.0% in the Composite CPI), miscellaneous services which cover package tours (-1.6% in the Composite CPI), and transport (-0.1% in the Composite CPI)

Hong Kong Economic Situation (II)

2. Unemployment• Unemployment rate at 6.4% in Nov 04 - Jan

05• Structural problem• Possible to drop to 5 - 6%• The age group of 15 -19 has high

unemployment rate• How to improve the education level of

population?• How?

Changes

• Economic Role of China

• Sources of Growth

Implications for Development Policy

• Innovations are needed

• How Hong Kong will cultivate creatively within our economy

Ingredients

• Human Capital

• Investment

Ingredients

• Human Capital (才 )

• Investment (財 )

Human Capital

1. Education• 3+3+4• Creative abilities• Student participation• Questioning• Debate

2. Import talented people

Research and Development

• Role of Government• Role of private sector• Role of universities• Participation of intellectual property rights• Incentives

– Tax incentives– Competition

• China

→ Win-win situation

Uncertainties

• Oil price

– US$50/barrel

– US economic figures good/bad?

– US interest rate increase

China Economy

• Macro-economic adjustment started to work?– Fixed asset investment slowed– 2004 Q1-3 GDP increased 9.5%– Inflation is 1.9% in Jan of 2005

• Prices of food items increased by 4.0%• Prices of non-food items increased by 0.8%

• China economy further down may affect the external trade of Hong Kong

Ways Forward

• More integration with Pan-PDR• Comparative advantages

– Cost will never be an advantage– Quality of service– International network

• Human resources– Impact– Internal protection

• Do not be too ambition– be focused

~ END ~