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7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
HA HC LP TH
2005 Ha Hc Vit NamAll Rights Reserved
Stereochemistry
Hy click vo y xem tip ti liu
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Xin chn thnh cm n anh Phm NgcBa (HSP H Ni),anh L Kiu Hng(HSP Vinh), anh Water(Hi Phng);
nhn xt v ng gp nhng kin qubu cho bn dch ny. Xin chn thnh cm n bn Hunh Th
Tuyt Vn (sinh vin Khoa Xy Dng, HCn Th) gip chng ti thit k cchnh nh dng gif tht sinh ng.
Acknowledgements
The Young Vietnamese Chemistry Specialists
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
S sp xp trong khng gian ca cc nhm xungquanh cacbon t din c th thy r qua vic m hnh
ha phn t
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
hoc biu din bng vic chuyn i cu trc ngngt sang cu trc ba chiu dng cc ng gch ni v
hnh ci nm
CH3
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
M hnh ha cu trc lp th l mt yu t rt quantrng kim tra mt phng i xng ca cc phn t
CH3
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
M hnh ha cu trc lp th l mt yu t rt quantrng kim tra mt phng i xng ca cc phn t
CH3
Mt phngi xng
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
M hnh ha cu trc lp th l mt yu t rt quantrng kim tra mt phng i xng ca cc phn t
Khng c mt phngi xng
CH3
Mt phngi xng
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
H qu ca hnh t din l mt mt phng khng ixng ni iu ny xy ra khi c bn nhm th khc
nhau nh vi mt tm t din..
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
H qu ca hnh t din l mt mt phng khng ixng ni iu ny xy ra khi c bn nhm th khc
nhau nh vi mt tm t din..
Khng c mt phngi xng
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh hng mng li ca s khng i xng ny lmpht sinh ra mt phn t mi m khng th chng kht
ln trn phn t ban u gi l nh gng ca n
Mt phng gng
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Mt nguyn t cabon c nh vi bn nhm thkhc nhau c gi l cabon bt i xng(chiral
carbon) v mt cp nh gng khng chng kht lnnhau gi l ng phn i nh(enatiomers)
Cp ng phn i nh
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
Khng c
S h i
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
St h i t
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
St h i t
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
St h i t
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
Khng c tmbt i
St h i t
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
Khng c tmbt i
Stereochemistr
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
Stereochemistry
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
nh du trung tm bt i xng ca cc phn t diy bng vic nh du sao ln cacbon bt i xng
Tm tm bt i s c ng phn lp th
82
82
Stereochemistry
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Cc ng phn khng i nh c tnh cht ha hc vtnh cht vt l ging nhau(ngoi tr khi chng tng
tc vi phn t khng i xng khc) chng ch khcl lm quay mt phng nh sng phn cc theo haihng khc nhau, do nhng hp cht khng c
tm i xng thng c gi bng thut ng quanghot
Ngun
Stereochemistry
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Mt phng ca nh sng phn cc c thc m t bng vector in v vector t
tng t, vector tng l mt phng thng ng
Stereochemistry
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Mt phng ca nh sng phn cc c th c m t bng vectorin v vector t tng t; vector tng l mt phng thng ng
Phn in v phn t chp th khc nhau; vector
tng c thay th
Stereochemistry
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Mt phng ca nh sng phn cc c th c m t bng vectorin v vector t tng t; vector tng l mt phng thng ng
Phn in v phn t chp th khc nhau; vector
tng c thay th
Phn in v phn t chp th khc nhau; vector
tng c thay th
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Stereochemistry
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
phn
Stereochemistry
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
quay cc ring,
=
Gc quan st c ()
Khong cch l (dm) x nng C(g/mL) =
quay cc ring bng gc quan st c () chia cho tch ca dibung cha mu (l)(tnh bng dm) vi nng (C) tnh bng g/mL
Trong D k hiu di sng nh sng ca n Natri
Ngunsng
B phn cc
Bung cha mu
B phn tch
Gc quan st
Stereochemistry C h h i
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Cu hnh ring
Hng m trong mt phnt quang hot quay nh sng
l ring bit cho tng phn tcho trc,nhng khng lin quan ns nh hng ca cc nhmphn t bao quanh tm bt
i
C th l + hay -
Stereochemistry C hnh ring
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Cu hnh ring
biu th cu hnh tuyt i,mt h thng danh php
c ra i trong ccnhm xung quanh tm bt ic sp xp theo tnh utin. Nhm c tnh u tinthp nht c t ng
sau mt phng m bn anglm vic trn y, vhng(cng chiu hay ngcchiu kim ng h) ca ccng ni cho cc nhm cn
li c xc nh.
Stereochemistry Cu hnh ring
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Cu hnh ring
biu th cu hnh tuyt i,mt h thng danh php
c ra i trong ccnhm xung quanh tm bt ic sp xp theo tnh utin. Nhm c tnh u tinthp nht c t ng
sau mt phng m bn anglm vic trn y, vhng(cng chiu hay ngcchiu kim ng h) ca ccng ni cho cc nhm cn
li c xc nh.S Sinister ngha l tri
Ngc chiu kim ng hl cu hnh S
Stereochemistry Cu hnh ring
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Cu hnh ring
biu th cu hnh tuyt i,mt h thng danh php
c ra i trong ccnhm xung quanh tm bt ic sp xp theo tnh utin. Nhm c tnh u tinthp nht c t ng
sau mt phng m bn anglm vic trn y, vhng(cng chiu hay ngcchiu kim ng h) ca ccng ni cho cc nhm cn
li c xc nh.
Stereochemistry Cu hnh ring
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Stereochemistry
Ha Lp Th
Cu hnh ring
biu th cu hnh tuyt i,mt h thng danh php
c ra i trong ccnhm xung quanh tm bt ic sp xp theo tnh utin. Nhm c tnh u tinthp nht c t ng
sau mt phng m bn anglm vic trn y, vhng(cng chiu hay ngcchiu kim ng h) ca ccng ni cho cc nhm cn
li c xc nh. R (rectus ngha l phi)
Cng chiu kim ng hl cu hnh R
Stereochemistry Cu hnh ring
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S e eoc e s y
Ha Lp Th
Cu hnh ring
R (rectus--phi) S (sinister--tri)
Stereochemistry Nhc li qui tc
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y
Ha Lp Th
Nhc li qui tc
Sp xp cc nguyn t nh trc tip vi alken theos nguyn t.
Nu c s rng buc bt k nguyn t no th nhn
n nguyn t th 2 hoc th 3 cho n khi tmc s khc bit vi cc nguyn t khc.m cc lin kt bi xung quanh cng mt nguyn tNu cc nhm c tnh u tin cao nht cng mt
pha ca lin kt i th phn t l ng phn Z, nu
cc nhm th c tnh u tin cao nht nm khc phavi nhau ca lin kt i th phn t l ng phn E.
Cho ng phn Z v E
Stereochemistry Nhc li qui tc
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y
Ha Lp Th
Nhc li qui tc
Cho cu hnh S v R
Sp xp cc nguyn t nh trc tip vi tm cacbonbt i theo s nguyn t.
Nu c s rng buc bt k nguyn t no th nhn
n nguyn t th 2 hoc th 3 cho n khi tmc s khc bit vi cc nguyn t khc.m cc lin kt bi xung quanh cng mt nguyn tQuay nhm c tnh u tin thp nht ra pha sau; nu
mt ng ni ba nhm c tnh u tin cao nht theo
th t gim dn theo chiu quay ca kim ng h thphn t l R, ngc li nu theo th t ngc chiukim ng h th phn t l S
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Stereochemistry
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y
Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Trc ht xc nh tnh u tin
Stereochemistry
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y
Ha Lp Th
C hai nguyn t cacbon ca 2 nhm th nh vinguyn t cacbon bt i do phi xem xt cc
nguyn t nh vi cc nguyn t cacbon ny v spxp li cc nhm
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Sau , lt nghing phn t v pha bn, cho nhmc tnh u tin thp nht (nhm cc nguyn t
hydro) ra pha ng sau.
Nhm c tnh u tin thp nht
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Sau , lt nghing phn t v pha bn, cho nhmc tnh u tin thp nht (nhm cc nguyn t
hydro) ra pha ng sau.
Nhm c tnh u tin thp nht
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Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
S
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Thp nht
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Thp nht
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Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Thp nht
R
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
R
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Hydro ang hngv pha sau..
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
StereochemistryHydro khng ch v pha
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Ha Lp Th
Hydro khng ch v phasau nhng chng ta c thquay phn t xung quanhtrc C--Br
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Trong phn t nychng ta cn lt Hydro
ra pha sau..
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Chng ta d dng quay phn t xung quanh trc CHsau lt ngc phn t ra pha sau
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Nhm metyl c tnh u tin thpnhtv phn t ng v tr ca n
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn i cu trc 3 chiu ca phn t sang cngthc chiu Fischer
iu ny c th n gin ha bng cchdng cng thc chiu 2 D thay v biu din cc
phn t dng 3D. Cng thc 2D m chngta s thit lp thng c gi l cng thc
Chiu Fischer.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn i cu trc 3 chiu ca phn t sangcng thc chiu Fischer
c c cng thc chiu Fischer, v phn t ca bnvi hai lin kt thng ng ang hng v pha bn,sau .
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn i cu trc 3 chiu ca phn t sangcng thc chiu Fischer
c c cng thc chiu Fischer, v phn t ca bnvi hai lin kt thng ng ang hng v pha bn,sau dt mng phn t thnh hnh phng.
Stereochemistry
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn i cu trc 3 chiu ca phn t sangcng thc chiu Fischer
c c cng thc chiu Fischer, v phn t ca bnvi hai lin kt thng ng ang hng v pha bn,sau dt mng phn t thnh hnh phng.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn i cu trc 3 chiu ca phn t sangcng thc chiu Fischer
Kt qu l hnh v phng khng cn nguyn t cacbon trung tmm ch l hai ng thng ct nhau n gin. Cng c th hiungm rng v cng thc 2 chiu nh th ny l ni n ha lp thtuyt i v nn xem phng php ny l mt cch ngn gn vtrung tm lp th.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn i cu trc 3 chiu ca phn t sangcng thc chiu Fischer
Kt qu l hnh v phng khng cn nguyn t cacbon trung tmm ch l hai ng thng ct nhau n gin. Cng c th hiungm rng v cng thc 2 chiu nh th ny l ni n ha lp thtuyt i v nn xem phng php ny l mt cch ngn gn vtrung tm lp th.
Cc nhm thng ngang hng v pha bn
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn i cu trc 3 chiu ca phn t sangcng thc chiu Fischer
Kt qu l hnh v phng khng cn nguyn t cacbon trung tmm ch l hai ng thng ct nhau n gin. Cng c th hiungm rng v cng thc 2 chiu nh th ny l ni n ha lp thtuyt i v nn xem phng php ny l mt cch ngn gn vtrung tm lp th.
Cc nm thng ngang hng v pha bn
Cc nhm nm ngang anghng ra pha sau
Stereochemistry
Ch t th hi Fi h
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn t cng thc chiu Fischer sang.
Stereochemistry
Ch t th hi Fi h
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn t cng thc chiu Fischer sang.
n gin v li cu trc biu din tnh cht lp th
Stereochemistry
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn t cng thc chiu Fischer sang.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Chuyn t cng thc chiu Fischer sang.
Lm ging nh chng ta ni nhng slide trc
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Stereochemistry
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t sau:
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t sau:
Trc ht sp xp cc nguyn t
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t sau:
Stereochemistry
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i
V li cu trc phn t dng 3D.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
V li cu trc phn t dng 3D.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh ha lp th.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Nhm c tnh u tin thp nht bao gi cng
di cng.Bn c th sp xp th t ca cc nhm trongphn t theo tnh u tin trc tip trn cng thcchiu Fischer, v t c th xc nh c cuhnh ca phn t.
Stereochemistry
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Sp xp cc nguyn t
Stereochemistry
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Sp xp cc nhm theo tnh lp th..
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Sp xp cc nguyn t
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Sp xp cc nhm theo tnh lp th.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
X h h h t t i h t d i
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Stereochemistry
X h h h t t i h t d i
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Ha Lp Th
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca phn t di y
Vn chng ta gp phi y l nhmc tnh u tin thp nht khng nm dicng hay trn cng trong phn t.
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Stereochemistry
Chng ta s thy ngay vn qua mt movie nh sau y.
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Ha Lp Th
Chng ta s thy ngay vn qua mt movie nh sau y.
Nh th ny s gipcc bn hnh dungmt cch d dng hn
Stereochemistry
Nhng iu g s xy ra nu bn ch n gin quay cng thc
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Ha Lp Th
Nhng iu g s xy ra nu bn ch n gin quay cng thcchiu Fischer?
Stereochemistry
Nhng iu g s xy ra nu bn ch n gin quay cng thc
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Nhng iu g s xy ra nu bn ch n gin quay cng thcchiu Fischer?
Stereochemistry
Nhng iu g s xy ra nu bn ch n gin quay cng thc
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Nhng iu g s xy ra nu bn ch n gin quay cng thcchiu Fischer?
Stereochemistry
Nhng iu g s xy ra nu bn ch n gin quay cng thc
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Ha Lp Th
g g y g q y gchiu Fischer?
Nhng chng ta bit lphn t cho c cu hnh R
Stereochemistry
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Vic quay cng thc chiuFischer pht sinh ra mtng phn i nh.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Qui tc vn dng cng thc chiu Fischer
Khng bao gi quay phn t mt gc0
90 iu ny s lm pht
sinh mt ng phn i nh.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Qui tc vn dng cng thc chiu Fischer
Khng bao gi quay phn t mt gcKhng bao gi quay phn t mt gc0
90 iu ny s lm pht
sinh mt ng phn i nh.
Tht ra th vic sp xp li v tr ca cc nhm xung quanh nguynt trung tm trong mt cng thc chiu Fischer c th pht sinh ramt s ng phn i nh. y cng l mt cng c tt cho victhnh lp mi quan h gia cc phn t bt i. N thng cxem l phng php chuyn i.
Stereochemistry
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Nu ly cng thc chiu Fischer ca phn t ban u ( cu hnhRR )v hon v bt c 2 nhm bt k trong phn t s pht sinh ra mtcu trc i nh mi.
Stereochemistry
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Nu ly cng thc chiu Fischer ca phn t ban u ( cu hnhRR )v hon v bt c 2 nhm bt k trong phn t s pht sinh ra mtcu trc i nh mi.
Stereochemistry
7/28/2019 hoa hoc lap the
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Ha Lp Th
Nu ly cng thc chiu Fischer ca phn t ban u ( cu hnhRR )v hon v bt c 2 nhm bt k trong phn t s pht sinh ra mtcu trc i nh mi.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Nu ly cng thc chiu Fischer ca phn t ban u ( cu hnhRR )v hon v bt c 2 nhm bt k trong phn t s pht sinh ra mtcu trc i nh mi.
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Mt ln hon v pht sinh ra mt ng phn i nh
Hon v
StereochemistryThc hin hon v ln th hai
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Ha Lp Th
Hon v
Ln 1
Honv
lnt
h2
Stereochemistry Thc hin hon v ln th hai
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Ha Lp Th
.hon v ln th 2 a phn t v dng lp th ban u..
Hon v
Ln 1
Hon
vln2
Stereochemistry
Q i t d th hi Fi h
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Ha Lp Th
Qui tc vn dng cng thc chiu Fischer
Khng bao gi quay phn t mt gcKhng bao gi quay phn t mt gc 090 iu ny s lm pht
sinh mt ng phn i nh.
Khi bn hon v cc nhm, ln th nht cho ra mt ng phn inh, ln hon v th 2 a phn t quay v dng lp th ban uln hon v th ba li to ra ng phn i nh.
Bn nn nh rng phng phphon v ch mang tnh hnh thc
iu ny c ngha l n s khng lm thay i bt c mt tnhcht ha hc hay vt l no trong phn t.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
y p y g gv xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
y p y g gv xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
y p y g gv xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
y y g gv xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
H
C
CH3COO-
NH3+
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
H
C
H3C
-OOC NH3+
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
H
C
CH3
COO
-
NH3+
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer
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Ha Lp Th
H
H3C
-OOC NH3+
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
H
C
H3C
-OOC NH3+
H
C
CH3
COO
-
NH3+
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer h h h i h
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
H
C
H3C
-OOC NH3+
H
C
CH3
COO
-
NH3+
H
H3C
-OOC NH3+
12
3S
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer h h h t t i h
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Cl
C
CH2
H3C
Br
CH3
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer h h h t t i h
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Cl
C
C
H2
H3C
Br
CH3
Cl
CH3CH2C Br
CH3
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer h h h t t i h
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Cl
C
C
H2
H3C
Br
CH3
Cl
CH3CH2C Br
CH3
Cl
H3CH2C Br
CH3
Stereochemistry
Chuyn cc phn t di y sang cng thc chiu Fischer h h h t t i h
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Ha Lp Th
v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca chng.
Cl
C
C
H2
H3C
Br
CH3
Cl
CH3CH2C Br
CH3
Cl
H3CH2C Br
CH3
1
2
3
S
Stereochemistry
Xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca mi trung tm bt i trongphn t di y
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Ha Lp Th
phn t di y
H3C
H
OH
CH3C2H5
OH
Stereochemistry
Nguyn t carbon pha trn cha nhm th c tnh u tin thp nhtnm pha trn cng ca phn t
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Ha Lp Th
H3C
H
OH
CH3C2H5
OH
nm pha trn cng ca phn t.
Nhng nhm th c tnh u tin thp nht trnnguyn t carbon nm pha di khng v tr m
chng ta mong mun.
13
2R
Stereochemistry
Do chng ta phi thc hin hai ln hon v a nhm c tnhu tin thp nht trn nguyn t carbon nm pha di v ng
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Ha Lp Th
u tin thp nht trn nguyn t carbon nm pha di v ngv tr.
H3C
H
OH
CH3C2H5
OH
H3C
H
OH
CH3
C2H5
HO
R Hon v ln 1
H3C
H
OH
CH3
C2H5HOHon v ln th 2
Stereochemistry
Trong phn t ny, c hai nguyn t carbon, nm trn v nm di
u c cu hnh tuyt i R
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Ha Lp Th
u c cu hnh tuyt i R
H3C
H
OH
CH3C2H5
OH
H3C
H
OH
CH3
C2H5
HO
R Hon v ln 1
H3C
H
OH
CH3
C2H5HOHon v ln th 21
23
R
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Chng ta bt u bng vic chn mt phn t nh cp,v chuyn phn t th hai thnh phn t th nht bng cch
hon v cc nhm, xem xt mi trung tm bt i ring bit.
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: yu cu hai hon v (H:CH3 vsau l CH3:OH) do chng ging nhau ( chng ta
k hiu phn ging nhau bng ch i ngha l identical)
i
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: yu cu hai hon v (H:CH3 vsau l CH3:OH) do chng ging nhau ( chng ta
k hiu phn ging nhau bng ch i ngha l identical)Nguyn t carbon pha di: yu cu hai hon v (Etyl:CH3
sau l CH3:OH), do chng ging nhau.
Nh vy hai phn t ny ging ht nhau
i
i
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: yu cu hai hon v (H:CH3v sau l CH3:OH) do chng c tnh i nh ( chng ta k
hiu tnh i nh bng ch e cngha l enantiomeric)
e
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: yu cu mt hon v (H:CH3)do chng c tnh i nh ( chng ta k hiu tnhi nh bng ch e cngha l enantiomeric)
e
Nguyn t carbon pha di: chng mang tnh i nh
Do hai phn t ny lng phn i nh ca nhau
e
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: yu cu mt hon v (H:CH3)do chng ging nhau.
i
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: yu cu mt hon v (H:CH3)do chng ging nhau.
Nguyn t carbon pha di: yu cu mt hon v (OH:CH3)do chng mang tnh i nh.
e
i
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: yu cu mt hon v (H:CH3)do chng ging nhau.
Nguyn t carbon pha di: yu cu mt hon v (OH:CH3)do chng mang tnh i nh.
e
i
Do hai phn t khng l nhng ng phn i quangca nhau c ngha l chng khng
phi l nhng enatiomer
Stereochemistry
ng phn khng i quang l nhng ng phn lp th m chngkhng l nh gng ca nhau. iu ny c ngha l nhng phn
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Ha Lp Th
khng l nh gng ca nhau. iu ny c ngha l nhng phnt c mt hoc hn mt trung tm lp th l ging nhau, v mt
hoc hn mt trung tm lp th l i nh trong cu hnh ca chng.
Ging nhau
i nh
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: hai hon v (H:CH3 v CH3:OH) do chng i nh.
Nguyn t carbon pha di: khng cn han vchng c sn tnh i nh.
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca hai phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
Nguyn t carbon pha trn: hai hon v (H:CH3 v CH3:OH) do chng i nh.
Nguyn t carbon pha di: khng cn han vchng c sn tnh i nh.
Do hai phn t l enantiomers
Stereochemistry
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Ha Lp Th
Hai ln hon v trn cu trc ca phn t bn phi r rng chuyn hai phn t sang dng vt nh v nh gngca nhau
Stereochemistry
Hp cht Meso
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Ha Lp Th
Hp cht Meso l nhng hp cht c cc cha trung tm bt i, nhng li ctnh i xng ni phn t. Nhng loi phn t ny u c mt phng ixng ni phn t.
Mt phng i xng
Stereochemistry
Xc nh cc trung tm bt i trong phn t di yC mt phng i xng ni phn t no khng?
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
Mt ln hon v cho ra mt phng i xng ni ca ca phn t, do phn t ban u khng phi l hp cht meso
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Ha Lp Th
StereochemistryXc nh cc trung tm bt i trong phn t di y
C mt phng i xng ni phn t no khng?
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Ha Lp Th
Stereochemistry
Xc nh cc trung tm bt i trong phn t di yC mt phng i xng ni phn t no khng?
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Ha Lp Th
C mt phng i xng ni phn t no khng?
Meso
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca cc phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
v
v
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca cc phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
ng phn
khng i nh
e
i
Stereochemistry
Hy cho bit mi quan h lp th ca cc phn t di y?
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Ha Lp Th
ng phn
khng i nh
e
i
Ging nhau
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Stereochemistry
i vi mi phn t di y hy:i. Nu phn t l bt i xng hy xc nh xem c tt c bao nhiu
t i ?
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Ha Lp Th
tm i xng?ii. Nu phn t khng c tm bt i, xc nh tnh trng vt nhiii. Nu phn t l mt hp cht meso, khng cn xc nh tm bt
i m hy xc nh meso
Stereochemistry
i vi mi phn t di y hy:i. Nu phn t l bt i xng hy xc nh xem c tt c bao nhiu
t i ?
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Ha Lp Th
tm i xng?ii. Nu phn t khng c tm bt i, xc nh tnh trng vt nh
iii. Nu phn t l mt hp cht meso, khng cn xc nh tm bti m hy xc nh meso
Stereochemistry
i vi mi phn t di y hy:i. Nu phn t l bt i xng hy xc nh xem c tt c bao nhiu
t i ?
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Ha Lp Th
tm i xng?ii. Nu phn t khng c tm bt i, xc nh tnh trng vt nh
iii. Nu phn t l mt hp cht meso, khng cn xc nh tm bti m hy xc nh meso
Stereochemistry
i vi mi phn t di y hy:i. Nu phn t l bt i xng hy xc nh xem c tt c bao nhiu
t i ?
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Ha Lp Th
tm i xng?ii. Nu phn t khng c tm bt i, xc nh tnh trng vt nh
iii. Nu phn t l mt hp cht meso, khng cn xc nh tm bti m hy xc nh meso
Khng c tm i xnghay cn gi l achiral cngha l vt v nh gngc th chng kht ln nhau.
Stereochemistry
i vi mi phn t di y hy:i. Nu phn t l bt i xng hy xc nh xem c tt c bao nhiu
tm i ng?
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Ha Lp Th
tm i xng?ii. Nu phn t khng c tm bt i, xc nh tnh trng vt nh
iii. Nu phn t l mt hp cht meso, khng cn xc nh tm bti m hy xc nh meso
Khng c tm i xnghay cn gi l achiral cngha l vt v nh gngc th chng kht ln nhau.
2
Stereochemistry
i vi mi phn t di y hy:i. Nu phn t l bt i xng hy xc nh xem c tt c bao nhiu
tm i xng?
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Ha Lp Th
tm i xng?ii. Nu phn t khng c tm bt i, xc nh tnh trng vt nh
iii. Nu phn t l mt hp cht meso, khng cn xc nh tm bti m hy xc nh meso
Stereochemistry
i vi mi phn t di y hy:i. Nu phn t l bt i xng hy xc nh xem c tt c bao nhiu
tm i xng?
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Ha Lp Th
tm i xng?ii. Nu phn t khng c tm bt i, xc nh tnh trng vt nh
iii. Nu phn t l mt hp cht meso, khng cn xc nh tm bti m hy xc nh meso
Khng c tm i xnghay cn gi l achiral cngha l vt v nh gngc th chng kht ln nhau.
Stereochemistry
i vi mi phn t di y hy:i. Nu phn t l bt i xng hy xc nh xem c tt c bao nhiu
tm i xng?
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Ha Lp Th
tm i xng?ii. Nu phn t khng c tm bt i, xc nh tnh trng vt nh
iii. Nu phn t l mt hp cht meso, khng cn xc nh tm bti m hy xc nh meso
Khng c tm i xnghay cn gi l achiral cngha l vt v nh gngc th chng kht ln nhau.
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Stereochemistry
C bao nhiu tm bt i trong cc phn t di y?y c phi l nhng phn t bt i hay khng?
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