Hilge Dimensioning Guide for Sugar Syup and Other Viscous Media

1

GRUNDFOS IndustrY

DIMENSIONING GUIDE FOR INTERNAL USE BASIc pRINcIpLES FOR DIMENSIONING AND cONFIGURING HILGE

cENTRIFUGAL pUMpS FOR SUGAR SyRUp AND SIMILAR vIScOUS MEDIA

DIMENSIONING GUIDE FOR INTERNAL USE

copyright 2011 GRUNDFOS Management A/S. All rights reserved.

copyright law and international treaties protect this material. No part of this material

may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission from

GRUNDFOS Management A/S.

All reasonable care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the content of this material.

However, GRUNDFOS shall not be held liable for any losses whether direct or indirect,

incidental or consequential arising out of the use of or reliance upon on any content of this

material.

TABLE OF cONTENTS

Preface ................................................................................................. 6

Definitions and material data ............................................................. 7

What is viscosity? ............................................................................................ 7

What is Brix? ................................................................................................... 8

What is Plato? ................................................................................................. 8

The influence of temperature on viscosity .............................................. 9

Material characteristics of typical pumped media................................ 9

Crystallisation ................................................................................................10

What is CIP and what is SIP? ......................................................................11

Types of application for centrifugal pumps ...................................... 11

Suitable pumps model series and materials ......................................12

Certificates ......................................................................................................13

Application limits ..........................................................................................13

Standard mechanical seals ................................................................ 14

Hilge standards ..............................................................................................14

General information regarding mechanical seals ...............................16

Applications ...................................................................................... 18

General information on pump dimensioning and selection ............18

Water from vacuum degassers/evaporators ........................................20

Finished beverage with a Brix value of 7 - 20Bx .................................22

Liquid sugar or syrup with a Brix value of 65 - 67Bx .........................24

Invert sugar with a Brix value of 72.7Bx ...............................................31

Sucrose solution with a Brix value of 73 - 75Bx .................................38

Frequency converter operation for centrifugal pumps ..................... 40

Configuration of centrifugal pumps .................................................. 41

Appendix ............................................................................................ 43

6

ENGINEERING MANUAL / General

Preface

This document is an internal reference work to pro-

vide assistance to technical staff in selecting, dimen-

sioning and configuring Hilge centrifugal pumps.

First and foremost, it summarises the experience

gained over several decades in dimensioning pumps

as well as previous experience in using the Hilge

pump configurator.

In addition, references to customer-specific solutions

are given as well as various tips and tricks concerning

the Hilge pump configurator.

The document deals with applications in the liquid

sugar and sugar syrup processing industry, such as

in the beverage and food industries or in breweries,

where the pumped media have a viscosity of less

than 450 - 500 mPas.

As a rule, liquids with a higher viscosity cannot be

pumped efficiently using centrifugal pumps.

In such cases, positive displacement pumps, such

as the NOvAlobe rotary pump, should be used in

preference.

When selecting the mechanical seals, special atten-

tion must be paid to the application and the fact that

some types of pumped media tend to adhere or cry-

stallise.

vacuum applications are also described in more

detail.

The advice given in this document with regard to di-

mensioning centrifugal pumps is valid in general and

can be applied to other viscous liquids, provided of

course that the specific characteristics of the media

to be pumped are taken into account, in the selection

of the seal material, for example.

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / Preface

Fig. 1. Hilge F&B-HYGIA I SUPER stainless steel pump on combi-foot

Definitions and material data

What is viscosity?The following description refers to Newtonian

fluids, which means fluids with flow characteristics

that do not change under the influence of pressure.

Viscosity is measure of a fluids behaviour.

The higher the viscosity is, the thicker (or less free-

flowing) the fluid; the lower the viscosity is, the thin-

ner (more free-flowing) the fluid.

Viscosity is a measure of a fluids internal resistance to

flow and is defined by the fluids frictional resistance

to compressive or shear stress.

The dynamic or absolute viscosity of a fluid is measured

in Pascal-seconds (or in milliPascal-seconds), usually

with the help of a rotational viscometer. previously,

viscosity was also measured in poise (or centipoise),

and these units are still commonly used today.

Kinematic viscosity is measured in m per second (or

mm per second). It is a measure of a fluids internal

friction. The kinematic viscosity is calculated by div-

iding the dynamic viscosity by the density of the fluid.

kinematic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

Based on practical experience, it is not usually neces-

sary to differentiate between kinematic and dynamic

viscosity for the types of fluid under consideration

here (which have a viscosity of less than 500 mPas),

since the flow characteristics and consequently the

dimensioning of the centrifugal pump would not be

significantly affected.

The density of the fluid, however, is of fundamental

importance in dimensioning the pump and, in parti-

cular, the motor.

7

8

Typical units

mPas = milliPascal x seconds (dynamic viscosity)

cp = centipoise (dynamic viscosity)

mm/s = millimetres squared per second (dynamic viscosity)

There are also various other units of measurement for

viscosity.

However, to simplify matters and to define the values

unambiguously it is advisable to use only the three

standard units mentioned above.

What is Brix?The term Brix comes from the Austrian/German

scientist Adolf Brix.

It is used primarily in the fruit industry and in the

liquid sugar and beverage processing industries.

Since, in addition to water, the products contain

mainly various types of sugar (predominantly

glucose, fructose and sucrose), the density also gives

an approximate indication of the sugar content.

A fluid has a Brix value of 1Bx (= 1% Brix) if it has the

same density as a solution of 1 gram of sucrose in 100

grams of sucrose/water solution; it has 10Bx (= 10%

Brix) if its density is equal to that of a solution of 10

grams of sucrose in 100 g of sucrose/water solution.

The sucrose solution is used merely as a reference

material here; the fluid being measured needs not

contain sucrose.

The unit of measurement is Bx.

What is Plato?The term Plato comes from the German scientist and

chemist Fritz plato.

The degree plato is a unit of measurement used by

brewers to measure the original wort content. By defi-

nition, a wort with 1 Plato has the same mass density

as an aqueous sucrose solution with a percentage of

sucrose by weight of 1%. The unit of measurement is P.

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / defInItIons and materIal data

9

The influence of temperature on viscosityThe temperature of a fluid has a dramatic effect on its

viscosity. See fig. 2.

The viscosity increases significantly as the tempera-

ture falls. It is important, therefore, to take into ac-

count the temperature as well as the viscosity of a

fluid when dimensioning centrifugal pumps.

Material characteristics of typically pumped mediaTypical pumped media

In the beverage industry, both liquid sugar and invert

sugar syrup are used in the production processes.

Before dimensioning the pumps, it is therefore es-

sential to ask the customer whether liquid sugar or

invert sugar syrup is to be pumped.

Liquid sugar

crystalline sucrose dissolved in water, with at least

62% and no more than 75% dry matter. Liquid su-

gar with a dry matter content of 66.5% has the best

solubility and is therefore the most commonly used

concentration.

Liquid sugar (sucrose solution) has a maximum de-

gree of inversion of 3%. It is a product in which no

inversion/hydrolysis has taken place (e.g.: 66.5%

sucrose/33.5 % water). It is a foam-free, crystal clear,

colourless solution that contains no particles.

Due to the low degree of inversion, it has a higher

density and viscosity than a comparable invert sugar

syrup solution.

Invert sugar syrup

This term refers to liquid sugars that contain invert

sugar, whereby the dry matter content of invert sugar

is higher than 50%.

For all application scenarios involving invert sugar

syrup, it is assumed that the syrup is the standard

72.7/67 product.

72.7 refers to the dry matter in per cent (%) or Brix

and 67 is the degree of inversion or inversion rate.

Fig. 2. The influence of temperature on viscosity.

10

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / defInItIons and materIal data

This product contains 1/3 sucrose (disaccharide), 1/3

fructose (monosaccharide) and 1/3 glucose (mono-

saccharide).

As a result of the hydrolysis/inversion of the sucrose to

form fructose and glucose, invert sugar syrup has a lo-

wer density and viscosity than a comparable liquid sugar.

The great advantage of invert sugar syrup is its stan-

dardisation and sensory stability.

Glucose syrup (starch syrup)

Glucose syrup, or starch syrup, consists of vegetable

starch and is produced by the hydrolysis (saccharifi-

cation) of this starch.

It is a concentrated, aqueous solution.

The dry matter of commercially available glucose

syrups is usually around 80% and the viscosity of

conventional glucose syrups is significantly higher

than that of liquid sugar or invert sugar.

Glucose syrup is usually pumped using NOvAlobe

rotary pumps, but lower viscosity syrups can also be

pumped using centrifugal pumps.

The same rules then apply as for liquid sugar and in-

vert sugar.

Table 1 gives an overview of the material properties

(guideline values) of liquid sugar and invert sugar sy-

rup, stating their density and viscosity values at 20C.

Crystallisationcrystallisation, meaning the formation of crystals in

a liquid sugar or invert sugar syrup, can take place

under certain conditions.

The most significant influences are low temperatures

and high saturation levels.

crystals in the pumped medium can be abrasive,

which means that the possible presence of crystals in

the medium must be taken into account when selec-

ting materials, for the mechanical seals in particular.

The material combinations of carbon/stainless steel

Brix

Density

[kg/dm]

Viscosity [mPas] at 20C

Liquid sugarsucrose solution

Invert sugar(degree of

inversion: 67)

50 1.230 15 -

55 1.260 28 -

60 1.286 58 -

61 1.292 69 -

62 1.298 82 -

63 1.304 99 -

64 1.310 120 -

65 1.316 147 -

66 1.322 182 -

67 1.329 227 -

68 1.334 288 -

69 1.340 370 -

70 1.347 481 -

72.7 1.360 - 448

75 1.380 2330 -

80 1.410 20700 -

85 1.450 541000 -

90 1.480 - -

95 1.520 - -Rounded values

Table 1. viscosity values

11

and silicon carbide/carbon can therefore be excluded.

A silicon carbide/silicon carbide combination is the

best choice in this case.

What is CIP and what is SIP?CIP = Cleaning In Place

cIp refers to cleaning procedures in which an entire

system with all its equipment, including the pumps, is

cleaned without dismantling the system or any of its

components. This is achieved using a cleaning fluid.

As a rule, weak acids and alkaline solutions are used

as well as water at different temperatures.

SIP = Sterilisation In Place

SIp refers to a process in which a system that has pre-

viously been cleaned using a cIp method is sterilised

using superheated steam (above 121.1C). Sterilisati-

on kills microorganisms and inactivates viruses. This

process sterilises the entire assembled system in situ.

Types of application for centrifugal pumps

Since liquid sugar and invert sugar processing

systems in the beverage industry usually are also

used for pumping other media (such as water and

CIP fluids), these media are also dealt with in this

document.

The following pumped media and applications are

covered:

Water (vacuum degasser/evaporator)

Finished beverage with a Brix value of 7 - 20Bx

Liquid sugar or syrup with a Brix value of 65 - 67Bx

Invert sugar with a Brix value of 72.7Bx

Sucrose solution with a Brix value of 73 - 75Bx

sometimes with crystalline components

When using a centrifugal pump with these media,

two basic decisions must be made: the selection of

a suitable pump and motor, and the selection of a

12

suitable mechanical seal.

The following factors must be taken into account

when dimensioning the pump and the motor:

Viscosity

Density

Pumping from a vacuum system or vacuum tank

(negative suction pressure)

The following questions must be asked when selec-

ting the mechanical seal:

Does the pumped medium contain crystalline com-

ponents?

Does the medium tend to adhere?

Can the medium dry out?

At what temperature is the medium?

Is it pumped from a vacuum system?

Suitable pumps model ranges and materialsPump ranges

The following series of Hilge sanitary and process

pumps are most suitable for the above-mentioned

types of application:

Euro-HYGIA

F&B-HYGIA

Contra

HYGIANA

NOVAlobe

Pump materials

As a rule, these types of application do not involve

chemically aggressive or abrasive media.

The material standard (1.4404/1.4435, or similar -

corresponding to 316L) with electropolished surfaces,

which is commonly used in the food industry and in

all Hilge pumps, is adequate for these applications.

The pump material is therefore not discussed in this

document.

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / tYPes of aPPlIcatIons for centrIfuGal PumPs

13

Certificates Certificates can be provided for all the pumps of the

ranges Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA, Contra and NOVA-

lobe.

Table 2 shows a small selection of the certificates that

can be provided for HILGE pumps.

Further certificates, documents and acceptance test

certificates are available and can also be provided for

other Hilge pump series.

Application limitsWhen used to pump viscous media, the limitations

of centrifugal pumps are primarily determined by

the size of the pump. In general, it can be said that

larger pumps are better suited to pumping viscous

media than small pumps.

As a rule, centrifugal pumps can be used successfully

for fluids with a viscosity of up to approximately 450 -

500 mPas. With higher values, an assessment should

be made in each case to determine whether the use

of a centrifugal pump would still be economic, or

whether a rotary pump would be more suitable des-

pite the significantly higher acquisition costs.

There is no clear limiting value here, however.

For viscosity values higher than 1000 mPas, the use

of a centrifugal pump cannot be recommended.

Certificate

Euro-

HYGIa

F&B-

HYGIa Contra HYGIana

noVa-

lobe

EHEDG Certificate

FDA Certificate

USp class vI Certificate

Manufacturer's certificate in accordance with DIN EN 10204, 3.1

Manufacturer's certificate in accordance with DIN EN 10204, 2.2

ATEX declaration of conformity

GOST Certificate

cE declaration of conformity

Table 2. Certificates

14

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / standard mecHanIcal seals

Standard mechanical seals

Hilge standardsThe standard mechanical seals for Hilge pumps, as

defined on the right, are adequate in the majority

of cases and should be used in preference to others

wherever possible.

In individual cases or at the request of the customer,

however, it may be necessary to use higher quality

seal materials or models (such as tandem seals or

flushed, single mechanical seals/quench).

It is also possible, in principle, to use other seal ma-

terials or models, but the feasibility of these must be

checked in each case. See fig. 3 and fig. 4.

A list of the mechanical seals used as standard with

Hilge sanitary and process pumps is given below

and shows the various combinations of seal face

materials and secondary (elastomeric) seal materials.

MATERIAL CODE (ExCERPT):

a = hard carbon, resin-impregnated

e = stainless steel

k = silicon carbide (solid SiC)

i = silicon carbide ( SiC - shrunk, in stainless steel carrier material)

E = EPDM, with FDA conformity

H = EPDM, with FDA and USP Class VI conformity

comprehensive information on Hilge mechanical

seals can be found in the brochure Seals for Hilge

pumps.

Fig. 3. Hilge standard mechanical seal with encapsulated spring

Fig. 4. Hilge standard mechanical seal with open conical spring

15

Pump type Encoding of seal Material code Characteristics of seal FDA Conform

Euro-HYGIA IF&B-HYGIA I Hilge 3A1-001-19-aeE-O3

Hard carbon, resin

impregnated/stain-less steel/EpDM

Unbalanced,

open spring yes

Euro-HYGIA IIF&B-HYGIA II Hilge 3A1-001-28-aeE-O3

Hard carbon, resin


Unbalanced,

open spring yes

Contra I(1 - 4 stage) Hilge 3A1-001-19-aeE-O3

Hard carbon, resin


Unbalanced,

open spring yes

Contra I(5 - 6 stage) Hilge 3A2-001-19-aeE-O1

Hard carbon, resin


Balanced,

encapsulated spring yes

Contra II(1 - 5 stage) Hilge 3A2-001-28-akE-O1

Hard carbon, resin,

impregnated/Sic/

EpDM

Balanced,


HYGIana I

(2 - 6 stage) Hilge 3A1-001-19-aeE-O3

Hard carbon, resin


Unbalanced,

open spring yes

HYGIana II

(2 - 5 stage) Hilge 3A1-BS2-28-aiE-O1

Hard carbon, resin,

impregnated/Sic/

EpDM

Balanced,


HYGIana III

(2 - 4 stage) Hilge 3A1-BS2-38-aiE-O1

Hard carbon, resin,

impregnated/Sic/

EpDM

Balanced,


NOVAlobe Hilge 3A2-NOE-xx-aiE O1

Hard carbon, resin,

impregnated/Sic/

EpDM

Balanced,


Table 3. Standard mechanical seals and standard seal materials for the various Hilge pump series

16

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / standard mecHanIcal seals

General information regarding mechani-cal sealsUsing mechanical seals in a vacuum applications

All balanced (-O1) standard mechanical seals are

suitable for use in vacuum conditions.

All unbalanced (-O3) standard mechanical seals are

suitable for use in vacuum conditions in some cases

only. The limiting values (depending on the shaft dia-

meter) lie at a maximum negative pressure of 0.3

0.4 bar (max. 600 700 mbar abs.).

If these limits are exceeded, mechanical seals with a

higher spring tension (-O5) or balanced mechanical

seals (-O1) must be used.

Dry running and insufficient lubrication

It is well known, of course, that premature wear and

a significantly shorter service life can be caused by an

inadequate supply of fluids to the mechanical seal.

It is important to ensure, therefore, that sufficient

fluid (pumped medium) is always supplied to the

mechanical seal.

Applications involving critical media or conditions

With media that tend to adhere or dry out, the pump

must be cleaned and rinsed out each time before

switching off.

In critical cases, where pumps have only low inlet

pressure or are used to pump crystallising or adhesive

media, for example, the use of double mechanical

seals in tandem arrangement, or single mechanical,

flushed seals (quench) is recommended.

Tandem seal or quench?

A tandem mechanical seal is a double sealing system whereby two normal single mechani-

cal seals are arranged in series (in tandem) on

the pump shaft.

The space (flush chamber) between the two

single seals (on the product side and atmos-

phere side) is used to supply the sliding sur-

faces with external cooling or lubricating fluid.

Fig. 5. Schematic presentation of double mechanical seal in tandem version

17

This supply must be unpressurised (maximum

positive pressure = 0.2 - 0.4 bar). See fig. 5.

A quench seal is a single, flushed mechanical seal. The task of sealing the atmosphere side

is not performed by a mechanical seal in this

case, but by a radial shaft seal (lip seal) made of

EpDM. The supply must be unpressurised (ma-

ximum positive pressure = 0.2 bar). See fig. 6.

Both of these sealing systems work in exactly the

same way and their technical applications are broad-

ly comparable.

The quench model is limited by the chemical resist-

ance of the material used (EPDM shaft seal) and by

the lower maximum temperature (125C).

The same supply systems can be used to supply both

types of sealing system with flushing fluid.

Which system for which pump?

Hilge centrifugal pumps can be fitted with the follow-

ing sealing systems: - Euro-HYGIA : tandem mechanical seal

- HYGIANA : tandem mechanical seal

- Contra : tandem mechanical seal

- F&B-HYGIA : quench

The rotary pumps of the NOVAlobe range can be fitted

either with double-acting mechanical seals arranged

in tandem or with single, flushed mechanical seals

(quench).

The more cost-effective quench model can usually be

used, but this will depend on the technical applica-

tion limits.

Fig. 6. Schematic presentation of double mechanical seal in tandem version

18

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / aPPlIcatIons

Applications

General information on pump dimension-ing and selection

Pump characteristic curve

With all centrifugal pump models, the head, zero flow

(max. pressure) for higher viscous media (irrespective

of the viscosity) within the range under consideration,

i.e. less than 500 mPas, is approximately the same or

even slightly higher than for water.

As the flow rate increases, however, the discharge

head for viscous media decreases significantly in

compared to the discharge head for water.

This is due to the increasing losses within the pump,

or impeller, and differs depending on the type of

pump and impeller, even within a single range of

pumps. The power requirement increases significant-

ly, of course, with increasing viscosity, and an increase

in viscosity results in a severe reduction in efficiency.

Fig. 7. shows the Q/H curve under the influence of

increased viscosity, using a multistage pump in this

example.

Comparison curve

1. = with water

2. = with a viscous liquid, approx. 450 mPas

Selecting the impeller

Due to the low power requirement and improved

efficiency curve, impellers with narrower blades

should be selected.

For single-stage pumps, open impellers are prefera-

ble. For multistage pumps, an open impeller should

also be chosen for the first stage (suction side).

Plant and pumping systems

On the suction side of the pump we recommend the

installation of a long inlet suction line, with a length

of at least 5 to approximately 10 times the diameter

Fig. 7. pump characteristic curve

Flow Q [m/h]H

ead

H [m

Wc]

19

of the pipe.

No bends or fittings should be installed immediately

upstream of the pump, since these create turbulent

flow and vortices in the pipe.

nPsH

Always choose pumps with good NpSH values.

The NPSH value of the pump should be at least 0.5 m

less than the NpSH value of the systems.

Correction factors

Appendix 1 shows a diagram with correction factors

for the correct technical dimensioning of centrifugal

pumps for use with viscous media.

This diagram complies with the STANDARDS OF THE

HyDRAULIc INSTITUTE, New york, USA and is gene-

rally accepted.

The calculation of the correction factors is demon-

strated in Appendix 1A for the following example.- Operating point Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 m- Medium: liquid sugar, approx. 67Bx

- Density: approx. 1.33 kg/dm

- Viscosity: approx. 230 mPas approx. 175 mm/s.

The correction factors can be read off from the cor-

responding c lines.

- Discharge head = cH (curve 1.0 x Qopt should be chosen)

- Flow rate = cQ- Efficiency = cq

The values determined in this way serve as reference

points when selecting a pump.

20


Water from vacuum degassers/evaporatorspumped medium: water, CIP

viscosity: < 1 mPas

Density: < 1 kg/dm

Temperature: approx. 20C - 85C

Application: pumping out from a vacuum

degasser or evaporator

Special features of this application

The system pressure in the vacuum degasser is only

slightly higher than the vapour pressure of the pum-

ped medium.

The system pressure in the evaporator is lower than

the vapour pressure of the pumped medium.

A) SELECTING AND DIMENSIONING THE PUMPS

Since the pumps are to be used to pump water or

fluids similar to water, the pumps can be dimensioned

using the Hilge pump Selector, on the basis of the

customers operating data.

The NPSH value of the pump should be as low as pos-

sible and 0.5 m lower than the NPSH value of the system.

If there is no pump available with a sufficiently low

NpSH value, it may be advisable to install an inducer,

particularly for larger pumps (> 50 m/h), to improve

the NpSH value of the pump.

If the flow velocity in the suction side pipeline is too

low when pumping from a vacuum, there is a danger

in longer suction pipes that the continuous flow may

be interrupted.

For this reason, a nominal diameter for the suction port

or suction pipe must be selected that ensures a mini-

mum flow velocity of approximately 1.5 - 2.0 m/sec.

It is important to ensure that the nominal diameter

of the suction side pipework is the same, or almost

the same, as the nominal diameter of the pumps suc-

tion port and that a long inlet suction line section of

pipe is installed directly upstream of the pump (see

page 18).

21

The reason for selecting the following mechanical

seals is the reduced pressure applied against the

sliding surfaces due to the vacuum when the pump

is not active. During operation, this reduction is no

longer significant.

The preferred seals are single mechanical seals

with material pairings of carbon/stainless-steel, or

carbon/silicon carbide. At the customers request, the

material pairing of silicon carbide/silicon carbide can

also be used. See table 4.

Range Mechanical seal Materials SpringCode of mechanical seal

Euro-HYGIA Single (001E)

carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE) Vacuum spring (-O5) 001-xx-aeE-O5

SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiH) Balanced mechanical seal (-O1) 001-xx-kiH-O1

F&B-HYGIA Single (001E)

carbon / stainless steel / EPDM (aeE) Vacuum spring (-O5) 001-xx-aeE-O5

SiC / SiC /EPDM (kiH) Balanced mechanical seal (-O1) 001-xx-kiH-O1

Contra I (1 - 4 stage) Single (001E)

carbon /stainless steel / EPDM (aeE) Vacuum spring (-O5) 001-xx-aeE-O5

SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiH) Balanced mechanical seal (-O1) 001-xx-kiH-O1


carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE)

Balanced mechanical seal (-O1)

001-xx-aeE-O1

SiC / SiC /EPDM (kiH) 001-xx-kiH-O1

Contra II Single (001E)

Carbon / SiC /EPDM (aiH)*


001-xx-aiH-O1

SiC / SiC /EPDM (kiH) 001-xx-kiH-O1

HYGIana I Single (001E)carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE) Vacuum spring (-O5) 001-xx-aeE-O5

HYGIana II / III Single (BS2E)

Carbon / SiC / EPDM (aiE)*


BS2-xx-aiE-O1

SiC / SiC /EPDM (kiE) BS2-xx-kiE-O1

*The version carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) is used as standard in these ranges.

Table 4. Selecting the mechanical seal

xx = diameter of shaft

E = EpDM, with FDA conformity

H = EpDM, with FDA and USp class vI conformity

SELECTING THE MECHANICAL SEAL (PUMPS IN VACUUM OPERATION)

Note

When dimensioning a pump that is required to pump from a vacuum to atmospheric pressure, it is

essential to consider the pumping capacity required on the suction side as well as the pumping capacity

of the pump on the pressure side!

The following details must therefore be obtained from the customer without fail.

Is the pump required to pump from a vacuum to a vacuum or from a vacuum to atmospheric pressure?

Is the specified pressure on the suction side the absolute pressure or the negative pressure?

Is the required pressure, p, the manometer value on the pressure side or is it the p of the pump

does the discharge head specified by the customer already take the vacuum into account)?

22


Finished beverage with a Brix value of 7 - 20Bxpumped medium: alcohol-free drinks, lemonade, mixed beverages, CIP

viscosity: < 10 mPas

Density: approx. 1 kg/dm


Application: pumping into the carbonating system, into the filler system, etc.


Risk of gas escaping from fluids containing CO2 (must

be taken into account when planning the facility).

The pumped media (e.g. fruit juices) may contain

fibres.

A) SELECTING AND DIMENSIONING THE PUMPS

The pump range Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA, Contra

and HYGIANA (at least 3A1 standard) should be

selected in preference to others.

For fruit juices that contain fibres, single-stage pumps

with open impellers are the preferred choice.

Since the pumps are to be used to pump fluids that

are similar to water, the pumps can be dimensioned

using the Hilge pump Selector, on the basis of the

customers operating data.

The NpSH value of the pump should be as low as

possible and 0.5 m lower than the NPSH value of the

system.

B) SELECTING THE MECHANICAL SEAL FOR ALL THE

pUMp RANGES

Standard mechanical seals as shown in Table 3, are ge-

nerally adequate and are the preferred choice.

In individual cases (such as with strawberry juice or

other fruit juices containing small pips) it may be

necessary to select a wear-resistant mechanical seal, in

which case standard mechanical seals with the material

pairing of silicon carbide/silicon carbide are preferred.

23


For flash pasteurizer systems, one of the Euro-HYGIA

range pumps with a bolted housing closure (HPM)

and balanced mechanical seal (-O1) are often used

due to the high system pressure.

If fruit juices containing fibres are to be pumped, a

mechanical seal with an encapsulated spring should

be used.

This type of mechanical seal prevents the spring from

becoming clogged or blocked.

Balanced mechanical seals (-O1) fulfil this require-

ment! See table 5.

Range Mechanical seal Materials SpringCode of mechanical seal


carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE) Unbalanced mechanical seal (-O3) 001-xx-aeE-O3

SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE) Unbalanced mechanical seal (-O3) 001-xx-kiH-O3



SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE) Unbalanced mechanical seal (-O3) 001-xx-kiE-O3

Contra I

(1 - 4 stage) Single (001E)


SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE) Unbalanced mechanical seal (-O3) 001-xx-kiE-O3

Contra I

(5 - 6 stage) Single (001E)



001-xx-aeE-O1

SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE) 001-xx-kiH-O1


Carbon / SiC /EPDM (aiH)*


001-xx-aiH-O1

SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE) 001-xx-kiH-O1

HYGIana I Single (001E)carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE) Balanced mechanical seal (-O1) 001-xx-aeE-O5




BS2-xx-aiE-O1

SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE) BS2-xx-kiE-O1

*The versions of carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) are used as standard in these ranges.





24


Liquid sugar or syrup with a Brix value of 65 - 67Bxpumped medium: liquid sugar or syrup, CIP


Density: max. 1.33 kg/dm


Application: for example, pumping from the

tanker to the storage tank, or to the mixer, etc.


The medium does not contain cO2, so there is no dan-

ger of the gas separating out.

The pumped media (concentrated fruit juice) could

contain fruit fibres.

As the temperature decreases, the viscosity of the

medium changes; the medium is assumed to be at a

temperature of 20C in the following.

Important

Be sure to find out from the customer the exact tem-

perature of the medium at the point where it is to be

pumped and take this into account when dimensio-

ning the pump (e.g. delivery of the product via tanker

in winter!).

A) SELECTING AND DIMENSIONING THE PUMP

Preferred pump series: Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA,

contra and HyGIANA.

Due to their superior efficiency, particularly at low

flow rates, multistage pumps are better suited to con-

veying viscous media.

The NpSH value of the pump should be as low as

possible and 0.5 m lower than the NPSH value of the

system.

25

DIMENSIONING EXAMpLEpumped medium: liquid sugar

Density: 1.33 kg/dm

viscosity: 230 mPas

Dimensioning a pump with the discharge pressure

given in metres of head.

The following description shows the technically cor-

rect procedure for dimensioning a centrifugal pump

that is to be used for pumping a viscous fluid. All the data is assumed to be in metres of head.

The pump dimensioning data for water must be de-

termined with the aid of correction factors for the

flow rate Q and discharge head H in accordance with

the diagram (see diagram in Appendix 1).

Using these values, the right pump can then be se-

lected using the Hilge pump Selector.

In selecting the correct motor, the density and the

correction factor must be taken into account.

Pumped medium

Invert sugar

Water/cIP

As a comparison:Alcohol

Density (kg/dm) 1.33 1.00 0.794

Discharge head (m) 10.00 10.00 10.00

Pressure (manometer reading in bar) 1.33 1.00 0.794

Rounded values.

Table 6.

Note The pumps are usually required to pump water or

CIP fluid in addition to the product (liquid sugar or

syrup). If different operating points arise from

auxiliary processes involving non-viscous fluids,

these must be taken into account in the dimensio-

ning of the pump.

In these cases, frequency-regulated pumps should

be used if possible.

The customer specifications and data must be

checked: Is the required discharge head given in

bar or in pressure head (metres)? See table 6.

26

EXAMpLE

Desired operating point:

Flow rate Q: 10 m/hDischarge head H: 40 m

correction factors according to the diagram

(Appendix 1)

Correction factor for flow rate CQ: 0.75

correction factor for discharge head cH: 0.78

correction factor for efficiency C: 0.32

This gives the following operating point for the pump

when pumping water:

Flow rate: Q / 0.75 = 13.5 m/hDischarge head: H / 0.78 = 51.5 m

Selected pump: Contra II/2

Impellers: OU 175 mm/150 mm

power requirement at the operating point:

approx. 4.4 kW (when pumping water) (Appendix 2)

MOTOR DIMENSIONING (THEORETICAL)

MOTOR DIMENSIONING (PRACTICAL)

In practice, it has been found that the efficiency cor-

rection factor, c, taken from the diagram is clearly

too high.

For this reason, a correction factor of approximately

0.70 to 0.60 (maximum) is recommended for viscosity

values of less than 230 mPas.

= 18.3 kW selected motor = 18.5 kW4.4 kW x 1.33

0.32

power

= requirement

[kW]

Power requirement at the operating point x density

correction factor


27


0.6

Selected pump

Contra II/2, motor 11.0 kW, 2-pole (see Q/H diagram

in Appendix 2)

At the operating point, the actual discharge head of the pump in the cited example is 40 m = 5.32 bar!

Dimensioning a pump with the required discharge

pressure given in bar

The following description shows a simplified proce-

dure for dimensioning a centrifugal pump that is to

be used for pumping a viscous fluid. All the data is assumed to be in bar.

ASSUMPTION (!)

pumped medium: water

Density: 1.0 kg/dm 10 m = 1 bar

EXAMpLE

Desired operating point

Flow rate: 10 m/h

Discharge head: 40 m = 4 bar

Note

This method of dimensioning is not actually correct

from a technical point of view, but it simplifies the

dimensioning of the pump by leaving out the conver-

sion of the operating data to water values.

Many years of experience have proved this method to

be reliable in providing a practically applicable result.

The pump dimensions are calculated based on the

flow rate and pressure, without taking correction fac-

tors into account.

28


SELEcTED pUMp

contra II/2

Impellers OU 175mm/120 mm

MOTOR SELEcTION

The calculated power requirement is increased by the

actual density of the pumped medium squared.

The resulting power requirement is then increased by

adding one motor power stage.

SELEcTED pUMp: cONTRA II/2

power requirement at the operating point:

approx. 2.9 kW (when pumping water) (Appendix 3)

SELEcTING THE MOTOR SIzE

Power requirement at the operating point [kW] x den-

sity x density + one motor size = selected motor [kW].

2.9 kW x 1.33 x 1.33 + one motor size = selected motor [kW]

5.15 kW + one motor size = selected motor [kW]

7.5 kW = selected motor [kW]

SELEcTED pUMp


in Appendix 3)

Attention: Using the simplified method described above for dimensioning a centrifugal pump, the ac-tual discharge head of the pump in this example is only about 30.0 m = 4 bar at the operating point!

Special case of warm sugar syrup at approx. 40 60C

provided that the temperature of the medium can ne-

ver fall below the stated temperature of 40C (check

this with the customer!), the viscosity can be ignored

in this case when dimensioning the pump, since it is

similar to water.

29

The pump can be dimensioned using the Selector,

based on the performance data specified. The

density of the medium must be taken into account

in selecting the motor, but further reserves need not

be included.

B) SELECTING THE MECHANICAL SEAL

Cold media up to a maximum of 35 - 40C

Single mechanical seal, carbon/stainless steel/EpDM

or carbon/silicon carbide/EpDM.

At the customers request, the material combination

of silicon carbide/silicon carbide/EpDM can also be

used. See table 7.

RangeMechanical seal Materials Spring

Code of mechanical seal


Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE) unbalanced mechanical

seal (-O3)

001-xx-aeE-O3

001-xx-kiE-O3SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE)



seal (-O3)

001-xx-aeE-O3




seal (-O3)

001-xx-aeE-O3



Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE) balanced mechanical

seal (-O1)

001-xx-aeE-O1

001-xx-kiH-O1SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiH)


Carbon / SiC / EPDM (aiE)* balanced mechanical

seal (-O1)

001-xx-aiH-O1


HYGIana I Single (001E)


seal (-O3)

001-xx-aeE-O3


HYGIana II / III Single (001E)

Carbon / SiC / EPDM (aiE)* balanced mechanical

seal (-O1)

BS2-xx-aiE-O1







30


Hot media, above 40C

Double mechanical seal arranged in tandem. carbon/

stainless steel/EPDM (product and atmosphere sides),

or carbon/silicon carbide/EpDM at the product side

and carbon/stainless steel/EpDM at the atmosphere

side.

In individual cases (at the request of the customer)

silicon carbide/silicon carbide/EpDM can also be used

on the product side. See table 8.

RangeMechanical seal Materials

Spring(product side)

Code of mechanical seal (product side)

Code of mechanical seal (atmos-phere side)



unbalanced mechanical seal (-O3)

001-xx-aeE-O3 001-xx-aeE-O3

001-xx-kiE-O3 001-xx-kiE-O3SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE)




001-xx-aeE-O3 radial shaft seal

001-xx-kiE-O3 radial shaft sealSiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE)


carbon /stainless steel/EPDM (aeE)






balanced mechanical seal (-O1)


001-xx-kiH-O1 001-xx-aeE-O3SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiH)


carbon / Sic / EpDM (aiE)*


001-xx-aiH-O1 001-xx-aeE-O3








carbon / Sic / EpDM (aiE)*


BS2-xx-aiE-O1 001-xx-aeE-O3

001-xx-kiE-O3 001-xx-aeE-O3SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE)






31

As a general rule, on the atmosphere side all the

pump ranges can be fitted with directionally-depen-

dent standard mechanical seals with the material

combination of carbon/stainless steel/EpDM (Hilge

3A1-001-xx-aeE-O3).

For the pump range F&B-HYGIA, a flushed single

mechanical seal (quench) must be used instead of the

double mechanical seal.

Supply of flushing water

Flushing water can be supplied to the mechanical

seal via a closed flushing circuit (tank) - regular re-

placement of the fluid is advantageous and strongly

recommended - or by means of continuous through-

flushing.

The flushing fluid used must behave neutrally in com-

bination with the pumped product as well as with the

pump and seal materials.

Clean, demineralised water satisfies this requirement

to a high degree and is recommended. See fig. 8.

Invert sugar with Brix value of 72.7Bxpumped medium: invert sugar, CIP



Temperature: approx. 20C - 85C,

Application: for example, pumping from the tanker to the storage tank, or to the mixer, etc.


The medium does not contain cO2, so there is no dan-

ger of the gas separating out.

As the temperature decreases, the viscosity of the

medium changes; the medium is assumed to be at a

temperature of 20C in the following.

Fig. 8. vertically positioned Hilge contra stainless steel pump with double mechanical seal arranged in tandem with a complete, fixed, flushing circuit.

32


Important: Be sure to find out from the customer the exact temperature of the medium at the point where it is to be pumped and take this into account when dimensioning the pump (e.g. delivery of the product via tanker in winter!)

A.) SELECTING AND DIMENSIONING THE PUMPS

Preferred pump ranges:

Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA, Contra, HYGIANA.

Due to their superior efficiency, particularly at low

flow rates, multistage pumps are better suited to con-

veying viscous media.

The NpSH value of the pump should be as low as possi-

ble and 0.5 m lower than the NPSH value of the system.

DIMENSIONING EXAMpLE

pumped medium: invert sugar

Density: 1.36 kg/dm

viscosity: 450 mPas

Pumped medium

Invert sugar

Water/cIP

As a comparison:Alcohol

Density (kg/dm) 1,36 1,00 0,794

Discharge head (m) 10,00 10,00 10,00

Pressure (manometer reading in bar) 1,36 1,00 0,794

Rounded values.

Table 9.

Note

The pumps are usually required to pump water or cIp

fluid in addition to the product (liquid sugar or syrup).

If different operating points arise from auxiliary

processes involving non-viscous fluids, these must

be taken into account in the dimensioning of the

pump. In these cases, frequency-regulated pumps

should be used if possible.

The customer specifications and data must be

checked: Is the specified discharge head given in bar

or in pressure head (metres)? See table 9.

Note

Based on practical experience, it can be assumed that

for the viscosity values dealt with here and at opera-

ting points of Q > 5 m/h and H > 40, the use of Euro

HYGIA I / F&B-HYGIA pump sizes is not appropriate.

Euro-HYGIA II / F&B-HYGIA II pump sizes should be

preferred in this case, or a multistage pump from the

contra or HyGIANA ranges.


given in metres of head

The following description shows the technically cor-

rect procedure for dimensioning a centrifugal pump

that is to be used for pumping a viscous fluid. All the data is assumed to be in metres of head.

The pump dimensioning data for water must be de-

termined with the aid of correction factors for the

flow rate Q and discharge head H in accordance with

the diagram (see diagram in Appendix 1).

Using these values, the correct pump can then be se-

lected using the Hilge pump Selector.

In selecting the right motor, the density and the cor-

rection factor must be taken into account.

EXAMpLE


Flow rate: 10 m/h

Discharge head: 40 m

Correction factors according to the diagram

(Appendix 1)

Correction factor for flow rate CQ: 0.62

correction factor for discharge head cH: 0.72

Correction factor for efficiency C:

34

SELECTING THE MOTOR SIzE (THEORETICAL METHOD)

This means that: It would not be possible to use the

pump, since the Contra II range has a maximum per-

missible motor output of 18.5 kW.

SELECTING THE MOTOR SIzE (PRACTICAL METHOD)

In practice, it has been found that the efficiency cor-

rection factor, c, taken from the diagram is clearly

too high.

For this reason, a correction factor of approximately

0.60 to 0.50 (maximum) is recommended for viscosity

values of less than 450 mPas.

SELEcTED pUMp


in Appendix 4)

At the operating point, the actual discharge head of

the pump in the cited example is 40 m = 5.44 bar!


given in bar

The following description shows a procedure for di-

mensioning a centrifugal pump that is to be used for

pumping a viscous fluid. All the data is assumed to be in bar.

power

= requirement

[kW]

Power requirement at the operating point x density

correction factor

= 37.4 kW 5.5 kW x 1.36

0.2


0.5


35

ASSUMPTION (!)

pumped medium: Water

Density: 1.0 kg/dm 10 m head = 1 bar

EXAMpLE


Flow rate: 10 m/h

Discharge head: 40 m = 4 bar

SELEcTED pUMp

Contra II/2 impellers OU 175 mm/120 mm

The calculated power requirement is increased by the

actual density of the pumped medium squared.

The resulting power requirement is then increased by

adding one motor power stage.

MOTOR SELEcTION

Selected pump: contra II/2

Power requirement at the operating point: approx.

2.8 kW (when pumping water) (Appendix 5)

SELEcTING THE MOTOR SIzE

Power requirement at the operating point [kW] x

density x density + one motor size

= selected motor [kW]

2.8 kW x 1.36 x 1.36 + one motor size =selected motor [kW]

5.2 kW + one motor size = selected motor [kW]

7.5 kW = selected motor [kW]

Note

This method of dimensioning is not actually correct

from a technical point of view, but it simplifies the

dimensioning of the pump by leaving out the conver-

sion of the operating data to water values.

Many years of experience have proved this method to

be reliable in providing a practically applicable result.

The pump dimensions are calculated based on the

flow rate and pressure, without taking correction fac-

tors into account

36


SELEcTED pUMp

Contra II/2, motor 7.5 kW, 2-pole

(see Q/H diagram in Appendix 5)

Attention: Using the simplified method for dimen-sioning a centrifugal pump, the actual discharge head of the pump in this example is only about 29.5 m = 4 bar at the operating point !

Special case of warm invert sugar at approx. 40 60C

provided that the temperature of the medium can ne-

ver fall below the stated temperature of 40C (check

this with the customer!), the viscosity can be ignored

in this case when dimensioning the pump, since it is

similar to water.

The pump can be dimensioned using the Selector, ba-

sed on the performance data specified. The density of

the medium must be taken into account in selecting

the motor, however, although further reserves need

not be included.

RangeMechanical seal Materials Spring

Code of mechanical seal


Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE)unbalanced mechanical seal (-O3)

001-xx-aeE-O3



Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE)unbalancedmechanical seal (-O3)

001-xx-aeE-O3




001-xx-aeE-O3



Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE)balanced mechanical seal (-O1)

001-xx-aeE-O1



Carbon / SiC / EPDM (aiE)*balanced mechanical seal (-O1)

001-xx-aiH-O1




001-xx-aeE-O3



Carbon / SiC / EPDM (aiE)*balanced mechanical seal (-O1)

BS2-xx-aiE-O1







37

B.) SELECTING THE MECHANICAL SEAL

Cold media up to a maximum of 35 - 40C

Single mechanical seal, carbon/stainless steel/EpDM

or carbon/silicon carbide/EPDM. At the customers

request, the material combination of silicon carbide/

silicon carbide/EpDM can also be used. see table 10.

Hot media, above 40C

Double mechanical seal arranged in tandem. carbon/

stainless steel/EPDM (product and atmosphere sides),

or carbon/silicon carbide/EpDM at the product side

and carbon/stainless steel/EpDM at the atmosphere

side.

In individual cases (at the request of the customer)

silicon carbide/silicon carbide/EpDM can also be used

on the product side. See table 11.

RangeMechanical seal Materials

Spring(product side)

Code of mechanical seal (product side)

Code of mechanical seal (atmos-phere side)


carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE) unbalanced

mechanical seal (-O3)






001-xx-aeE-O3 radial shaft seal

001-xx-kiE-O3 radial shaft sealSiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE)


carbon /stainless steel/EPDM (aeE) unbalanced





carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE) balanced





carbon / Sic / EpDM (aiE)* balanced


001-xx-aiH-O1 001-xx-aeE-O3








carbon / Sic / EpDM (aiE)* balanced


BS2-xx-aiE-O1 001-xx-aeE-O3

001-xx-kiE-O1 001-xx-aeE-O3SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE)






General noteAs a matter of principle, impellers with

narrow blades should be selected; open

impellers are preferred for single-stage

pumps.

38


As a general rule, on the atmosphere side all the

pump ranges can be fitted with directionally depen-

dent standard mechanical seals with the material

combination of carbon/stainless steel/EpDM (Hilge

3A1-001-xx-aeE-O3).

For the pump series F&B-HYGIA, a flushed single

mechanical seal (quench) must be used instead of the

double mechanical seal.

Supply of flushing water

Flushing water can be supplied to the mechanical

seal via a closed flushing circuit (tank) - regular re-

placement of the fluid is advantageous and strongly

recommended - or by means of continuous through-

flushing.

The flushing fluid used must behave neutrally in com-

bination with the pumped product as well as with the

pump and seal materials.

Clean, demineralised water satisfies this requirement

to a high degree and is recommended. See fig. 9.

Sucrose solution with a Brix value of 73 - 75Bx pumped medium: sucrose solution

viscosity: > 500 up to approx. 2400 mPas


Due to the considerable reduction in efficiency, cen-

trifugal pumps should only be used here in exceptio-

nal cases.

For viscosity values higher than 500 mPas, the use

of rotary lobe pumps from the NOvAlobe range is re-

commended. See fig. 11.

When using centrifugal pumps for this medium, each

case should be checked individually to determine the

best method of dimensioning the pump and motor.

Fig. 11. Hilge NOvAlobe rotary pump

Fig. 9. Euro-HYGIA with flushing system

Fig. 10.

39

Basic and general advice is given below on selecting

and dimensioning rotary lobe pumps for sucrose so-

lutions.

Rotary lobe pumps are dimensioned on the basis of

the media data and the operating point. The charact-

eristic curve of the pump is based on linear functions

relating flow rates to rotational speed: See fig. 12.

The green line shows the theoretical flow rate at the corresponding rotational speed (chamber volume of

the pump x rotational speed).

The blue line shows the flow rate relating to the vis-cosity. The losses due to reverse flow in the pump

are taken into account here ((chamber volume of the

pump x rotational speed) - reverse flow losses). The re-

verse flow that occurs here increases with decreasing

viscosity and with increasing differential pressure.

consequently, the following data is essential if the

pump is to be dimensioned properly:

Viscosity

Density

Temperature of the medium

Flow rate

Differential pressure

For highly viscous products, the shortest possible

length of pipe should be selected for the suction side

to ensure efficient inflow. For very high viscosity va-

lues (> 5000 mPas) it may be necessary to equip the

pump with a wider inlet (rectangular) and to position

the pump vertically, directly below the tank.

your Grundfos partners will be happy to assist you

in determining the precise configuration and dimen-

sions of the pumps.

Selecting the mechanical seal

For conveying sucrose solutions, the use of flushed

single mechanical seals (quench) with the material

Fig. 12. characteristic curve of NOvAlobe pump

40

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / frequencY conVerter oPeratIon for centrIfuGal PumPs

combination of Sic/Sic/EpDM has proved its worth

in practice.

In individual cases, and taking into account the spe-

cific design and cleaning requirements of the system

in question, single mechanical seals with no flushing

could also be used.

Non-pressurised or pressurised double-acting sealing

systems can also be used for liquids at high tempera-

tures.

Frequency converter operation for centrifugal pumps

See fig. 13.

In many areas of the liquid sugar or invert sugar sy-

rup processing industries, pumps are used not only to

convey viscous media, but also as cIp pumps or for

pumping water or water-like media.

This often results in widely differing operating points,

and therefore represents an ideal case for the use of

variable speed pumps with frequency converters.

External frequency converters (Grundfos CUE) instal-

led in the control cabinet or mounted on the wall and,

particularly, pumps with frequency converters built

into the motor (Grundfos MGE) are the ideal solution

in this case.

The Grundfos MGE motors, in particular, meet all the

requirements and can be supplied with a wide range

of programming options (specially coordinated for

use with Hilge process pumps).

A multitude of customer-specific settings is also pos-

sible.

Furthermore, with product pumps that convey vis-

cous liquids, temperature-related fluctuations in

viscosity, for example, can be balanced out and a con-

tinuous pumping process can be maintained.

Fig. 13. Hilge stainless steel Euro-HYGIA I Adapta on cast iron foot with integrated frequency converter

Further information and supporting lines of reason-

ing can be found in the brochure THE vARIABLE

SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - Practical Examples from

the Field of Instrumentation and control.

Configuration of centrifugal pumps

All the selected pumps can be configured using the

Hilge Pump Configurator in the usual way.

No additional factors need to be taken into account.

When configuring pumps for use in explosion-pro-

tected situations (ATEx), the relevant ATEx regula-

tions must be observed without restriction.

The same requirements also apply to pumps that

have been configured with customer-specific fea-

tures.

The configuration of ATEx pumps and pumps with

customer-specific features cannot be changed.

See fig. 14 on the following page.

41

42

DIMENSIONING GUIDE / aPPendIx

Fig. 14. Hilge pump Configurator (example)

43

Appendix

Appendix 1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.210 20 30 40 60 80

200100604020105

300

200

400600800

100

2000

1000

30004000

Kinematic viscosity in mm/s

0.6 x Qopt0.8 x Qopt1.0 x Qopt1.2 x Qopt

6 8 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 150100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000

200100604020105

Please observe restrictionson and reference ofapplication of correctivefactors!

Hea

d H

[mW

C]

Hea

d H

[mW

C]

Cor

rect

ive

fact

ors

Flow Q [m/h]

Corrective factors according to STANDARDS OFTHE HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE New York, USA

Only permitted aspreparation data

CH

CQ

Cq

To be used as guideline only

44

Appendix 2


Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU (175/150 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz

Q = 13,5 m/h - H = 51,5 mFls

45

Appendix 3

Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU (175/120 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz

Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 mFls

45

46


Appendix 4

Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU

(175/165 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz

Q = 16,5 m/h - H = 55,5 mFls

47

Appendix 5

47

Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU

(175/120 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz

Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 mFls

ENGINEERING MANUAL / General

GRUNDFOS Holding A/SPoul Due Jensens Vej 7DK-8850 Bjerringbro

www.grundfos.com

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Innovation is the essence

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Documents

Hilge Dimensioning Guide for Sugar Syup and Other Viscous Media