Upload
dina-townsend
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
High Performance Buildings Research & Implementation Center (HiPer BRIC)
Proposal forNational Lab-Industry-University Partnership
Proposal forNational Lab-Industry-University Partnership
December 21, 2007
Arun MajumdarDirector, Environmental Energy Technologies Division
Arun MajumdarDirector, Environmental Energy Technologies Division
Outline
Vision and Mission
Timing
Importance
Gaps
Team
Approach
Recommendations
Vision
Completely transform the U.S. Commercial buildings sector in 20 years, starting NOW
– Save >4 Quads of energy and reduce >400 million tons of CO2 annually
• Reduction in energy consumption: 90% in new buildings; >50% in retrofits
– Simultaneously improve health, comfort, safety/security, and energy efficiency in buildings
Mission
– Team: Create HiPerBRIC to bring unique team of scientists, engineers and economists from
national lab, academia and industries to form comprehensive R&D, implementation, and market
transformation programs
– Technology: Use systems engineering approach to create scalable, fault tolerant, and robust
technology for both retrofit and new commercial buildings
– Training: Create user facility for component and systems validation/testing; education; and
training
– Transition: Engage and leverage all stake holders for implementation & policies
• Federal & State Agencies; Utilities; Industry Organizations (e.g. ASHRAE); Architecture &
Engr. Firms; Building Materials & Equipment Suppliers; Building Owners & Operators;
ESCOs; Service Contractors; Advocacy Groups; Financial
HiPerBRIC
Outcome & Milestone Roadmap3 Years (2011) >50% reduction in energy consumption at the end of 3 years demonstrated in a “deep” retrofit with market-averaged payback Develop methods for scale-up with energy, health, comfort, and safety in mind Curriculum development tie-ins for training personnel Product communication protocols
5 years (2013) >70% reduction in energy consumption demonstrated in a “deep” retrofit with market-averaged payback >80% reduction in energy consumption demonstrated in a new building with cost of conserved carbon below onsite
new clean generation Demonstrate fully automated self-tuning continuous energy minimization at test facility with designed comfort and
indoor air quality Demonstrate moderate scale up Develop regional market transformation programs for buildings industry
8 years (2016) Tens to Hundred deep retrofit
with >50% reduction in energy consumption with market averaged payback
Tens of new buildings with 90% reduction in energy consumption with market averaged payback
10 years (2018) >100 buildings being deep-retrofitted (>50% reduction) with
market averaged payback time Deploying fully automated self-tuning continuous energy
minimization and indoor environment optimizing in retrofits and new buildings
Multiple service companies offering deep-retrofit capabilities with financing, remote monitoring, and performance guarantees
Scale up for new buildings design and construction towards zero net energy and designed indoor environment and security with market averaged payback time
Several dozen hardware and software products available from private sector enabled with BOP protocols, and plug-and-play capability
2011
NOW
2013
2016 2018 2030
AIA Challenge & CPUC GoalsAll new commercial buildings will be zero net energy
Technology Maturation; Implementation in Large Commercial Buildings; Domestic and International Scale up to Thousands of Buildings
Conceptual Framework
MARKET TRANSFORMATION
DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS(Sub-scale or sponsored)
CORPORATERD&D
RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY EXPLORATION CONSORTIUM
(LBL – UTRC – University – Industry)
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS INITIATIVE
(DOE – LBNL – WBCSD – AIA - ASHRAE)
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT: FINANCING, EDUCATION AND TRAINING
CODES AND STANDARDS, POLICY
Public Domain• Communication Protocols• Standards for Software modules
for components• Building Operations Platform
(BOP) software • Codes, Regulations, Policy,
Incentives, etc.
Public Domain• Communication Protocols• Standards for Software modules
for components• Building Operations Platform
(BOP) software • Codes, Regulations, Policy,
Incentives, etc.
Proprietary Products• Specific hardware products (e.g., chillers,
heat recovery units, sensors, lighting, control modules)
• GUI and customized software products that work with BOP software
• ESCO turnkey offerings• A&E turnkey offerings
Proprietary Products• Specific hardware products (e.g., chillers,
heat recovery units, sensors, lighting, control modules)
• GUI and customized software products that work with BOP software
• ESCO turnkey offerings• A&E turnkey offerings
2011
NOW
2013 2016 2018 2030
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 2 3 4 5 6
Quads
3 GorgesDam
Hydro-electric
AllOtherRenewables
Coal
Nuclear
ProposedEnergy Savingsfrom CommercialBuildings 2030
Electricity Generation
Potential Impact on Energy and Environment
Building Stock CompositionAnnual % Rates of Change for:
New 2.30%Renovated 0.00%Retrofit 4.00%Retired 0.80%
Commercial Building Floor Area
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030Billion Square Feet
Existing Buildings Retrofit Buildings New Buildings
`
Commercial Buildings CO2 Emissions
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Millions of tons CO2
Future % Improvement in EUInew reno retro
2010-2015 50 0 502015-2020 70 0 502020-2025 80 0 502025-2030 90 0 50
Commercial Building Energy Consumption
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Energy (Quads) QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
China
India8.5%/yr growth
Outline
Vision and Mission
Timing
Importance
Gaps
Team
Approach
Recommendations
Alternative Individual Savings
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
Lighting DaylightDCV ERV
Heating controlCooling controlHigh perf chillerHigh perf windows
roof insulationradiant heatingwall insulationHeating control
daylighting
ecooling economizerchiller loop var speed
Shading
chiller selectionchiller control
chiller sec loop VSD
% Primary Energy Savings
UTC Green Building ...Otis Elevator TEDA Center25% Energy Reduction: Systems Engineering & Available Technology
another “one of a kind” new building with existing technology
Full occupancy - August 2007
Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)
Daylighting
Shading
Radiant Heating
High Performance Equipment
Energy RecoveryVentilation
Demand ControlledVentilation
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
% P
rimar
y E
nerg
y S
avin
gs
Ligh
ts
Day
light
s
DC
V ER
V
Chi
ller
Con
trol
Sec
. Lo
op V
SD
Chi
ller
Con
trol
2
Chi
ller
Seq
.
Sha
ding
Chi
ller
VS
D
H2O
Eco
n.
Day
light
ing
Hea
ting
Con
trol
Wal
l Ins
ulat
ion
Rad
iant
Hea
ting
Roo
f In
sula
tion
Hig
h P
erf.
Win
dow
s
Hig
h P
erf
Chi
ller
Coo
ling
Con
trol
Carrier Chiller
Heat Exchanger
Opportunity to integrate systems and achieve 70-80% reduction in energy consumption
Opportunity to integrate systems and achieve 70-80% reduction in energy consumption
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Markers indicate Years following Retro-commissioning(4 years per project)
Index: Year-N Consumption / Pre-
Cx Consumption
Electricity(N=20 projects)
Fuel(N=2)
Steam/Hot Water(N=9)
Chilled Water(N=9)
pre-Cx baseline
year-4
Gaps between predicted & actual performanceModels over-predict savings by ~20-30%
Source: “The Cost Effectiveness of Commercial Buildings Commissioning,” LBNL, 2005.
Faults in Operation of Buildings
Energy Cost Savings
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9293
294
295
296
297
298
299VAV Room (Heating)
time in hours
zone temperature [K]
window
middle
wallreturn diff
return duct
Broken Equipment
Cycling Controls
Operational faults waste ~20% energy• HVAC – air distribution• Operations and control
Many of these faults are invisible.
Hours
Façade Damage
Gain Changes by factor of 10!
Te
mp
. [K
]
Gaps in •Design & modeling•Fault diagnosis and self tuning•Understanding & exploiting dynamics and control in complex multi-component interacting systems
Gaps in •Design & modeling•Fault diagnosis and self tuning•Understanding & exploiting dynamics and control in complex multi-component interacting systems
WBCSD: Addressing Industry Fragmentation & Behavior
What types of participants/ influencers in the building industry are the biggest barriers to building more sustainable buildings?
Source: WBCSD EEB Quantitative Research (graph); WBCSD EEB Qualitative Research (quotes)
Why are more green/ sustainable buildings not built?
Number of mentions0% 10% 20% 30%
Too risky
No financial return
Too difficult to achieve
It’s not the norm
Country-specific
Owners/ tenants don’t want them
No regulations
Don’t care about env.
No clarity
Uneducated
Unaware
Too risky
No financial return
Too difficult to achieve
It’s not the norm
Country-specific
Owners/ tenants don’t want them
No regulations
Don’t care about env.
No clarity
Uneducated
Unaware
0% 25% 50%Percentage of respondents
mentioning stakeholder
Other
Tenants
Owners
Landlords
Selling/ Letting agents
Builders and contractors
Developers
Engineers
Architects
Regulators
Financiers
Opinion leaders
Other
Tenants
Owners
Landlords
Selling/ Letting agents
Builders and contractors
Developers
Engineers
Architects
Regulators
Financiers
Opinion leaders
Arc
hite
ctur
al
Str
uctu
ral
Mec
hani
cal
Ele
ctric
al
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Working Drawings & Specs
Tender & Bidding
Planning & Scheduling
Construction Operations
Commissioning
+ =
Professional and TradeResponsibilities
(Functional Gaps)
Building DeliveryProcess (Management
Discontinuities)
Operational Islands(Ineffective coordination,
Poor communication)
Fragmentation Behavior
Key Summary Points
• Buildings are energy hogs
• Energy consumption must decrease by 50% in all retrofits and 90% in all new buildings by 2030
– Urgent problem
– New construction
– Retrofits
• Gaps in design processes
– Modeling tools, design processes, methods to achieve the 90% universally
• Gaps in operations
– Controls, diagnostics, robustness, “how buildings really operate”, data assimilation
• Neither has been a focus of R&D to date
– DOE has invested in incremental improvements of existing tools, methods and process
• Barriers in policy, economics and behavior
Narrow Wide
Shallow
Deep
Breadth
• Incremental change onexisting technology
• Tighten standards; tune up& retrofit programs
e.g. ESCOs
• Major advances incomponents
• Limited deployment insystems
e.g. Research
• Systems approach for integratingcomponents and optimizing for energyuse & cost
• Market understanding and stakeholderinvolvement (private/publicpartnership)
• Social equity, health, comfort,productivity issues
• Incremental and component level research cannot “solve” the problem
• Problem too large to be solved by a single entity
Integrated Design of Building Automation Systems
CONTROL
COMMUNICATION
MIDDLEWARE
Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli (UCB)Kameshwar Poolla (UCB)Clas Jacobson (UTC)
ElectricityTariffs &Carbon EmissionRates
ExternalPower
ElectricityStorage
OnsitePowerGeneration
WasteHeat
Sunlight
Technical Scope
Sensor Modules• Occupancy• Temperature• Humidity• Air Quality• Light• Appliances
Sensor Modules• Occupancy• Temperature• Humidity• Air Quality• Light• Appliances
AppliancePower Control
AppliancePower Control
ThermalStorage Capacity/
TemperatureInfo
ExternalVentilation Outside Air
Temperature/Humidity Info
Output• Energy Consumption• Indoor air quality and security data• Integrated and component system performanceGoal• Zero energy and/or carbon building• Healthy, comfortable, safe/secure environment• Minimum cost
Building Operating Platform (BOP)Real-time optimization - consumption, cost, carbon footprint
Building Simulation,Modeling & Analysis(EnergyPlus, Modelica)
CentralAir Conditioning/
Heat Pump
Local Thermal/Humidity Control
Local Thermal/Humidity Control
Lighting/Window/FacadeControl
Lighting/Window/FacadeControl
Coupled Interactions
CoupledInteractions
Current &Future Weather
Network Communication Layer
Building System DecompositionAnd Uncertainty Analysis
October Workshop
Net Zero Energy Buildings
Safe and Immune Buildings
Energy Efficient Retrofits of Existing
Buildings
Control, and Numerical Methods for Analysis of
Mixing
System Level Design: Platform Based Design
Wireless Enabled Visibility of Energy UseControl Oriented Modeling and
Design
Building Network Synthesis: Platform Based Design
LBNL, UTRC, UC Santa Barbara, UC Berkeley, Stanford, UIUC
HiPerBRIC TeamLBNL & Other National Labs• Advisors to CPUC, CEC & DOE• Involvement in nation-wide & state initiatives
and policy• 30+ years of R&D and standards/policies in
buildings sector• Buildings Technologies Dept. (66 staff)
– Windows & daylighting; Lighting systems; HVAC; Modeling & simulations (DOE-2, Energy Plus); Demand Response Research Center; Applications Team
• Indoor Environment Dept. (63 staff)– Airflow & pollutant transport; Indoor air quality;
Environmental chemistry & Exposure
• Energy Analysis Dept. (123 staff)– China, India & International Programs; Electricity
markets & policy; End use forecasting & market assessment; Energy efficiency & appliance standards; Heat islands
• Lab-to-Marketplace & Industrial Collaboration– Aeroseal, Electronic Ballasts & CFL,
DOE-2/Energy Plus, Smart Windows,….
Industrial Consortium• United Technologies Corporation (Lead)
– Market leader with wide range of products for commercial buildings (HVAC; onsite power; elevators/escalators; fire safety & security)
– Research center with deep knowledge of controls, energy analysis, modeling, simulation, systems integration, ..
• Other Companies– Lighting– Insulation & Building Materials– Glass & Glazing Materials– …
• Strengths in all necessary aspects: science/engineering; tech. & product development; education/training; economics and market analysis; domestic/international policies, standards, regulation
• First ever team with these complementary skills
University of California (Berkeley & Santa Barbara) & Academia
• Top engineering schools in new and important areas – Microsensors and actuators– Multiscale dynamics and control systems– Wireless sensor networks– Cyber-physical system– Design methods of complex and hierarchical systems (e.g. VLSI)– Energy systems engineering
• History of commercialization & Industrial collaboration– Started 7 industries more than >$1B – BWRC, BSAC, …
• Architecture & Business Schools involved in energy research• Bright pool of students and post-docs that are active in energy
research (e.g. Berkeley Energy & Resources Collaborative)• New Designated Emphasis on Energy Education
High Performance Buildings Research & Implementation Center (HiPerBRIC)
(Research Partnerships: LBNL, UCB, UCSB, UTC, …..)
HVAC
Lighting
Insulation &Building Materials
Glass & GlazingSystems
DOE
CEC
CPUC
INDUSTRIAL CONSORTIUM FEDERAL & STATE GOVT.
X XMATCHING FUNDS
USERSStartup Companies, National Lab folks, & Academic Researchers using Facility to try out new idea/concept/technology and evaluate its performance and impact on the whole building system
Foundry ModelNon-proprietary research is freeProprietary research is charged
Others
SPONSORED RESEARCH TEAMS
Power Handling
Control Systems
Research Prioritization
Other Stakeholders• Utilities• Other State Agencies• Industry Orgs
(ASHRAE)• Building Construction• A& E firms• Building Materials &
Equipment Suppliers• Building Owners &
Operators• ESCOs• Service Contractors• Building Manager
Training• Advocacy
UTC
Technical Prioritization
Integration & BuildingOperating Platform
(BOP) Team
Buildings Design& Energy Analysis
Team
Windows & Lighting Team
Sensors, Networks,Communications
ControlsTeam
HVAC Team
Power Delivery &Demand Response
Team
DemonstrationTeam
Domestic/InternationalPolicies, Regulation,Standards, Markets
Indoor Environment Team
Natural VentilationTeam
Conceptual Framework
MARKET TRANSFORMATION
DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS(Sub-scale or sponsored)
CORPORATERD&D
RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY EXPLORATION CONSORTIUM
(LBL – UTRC – University – Industry)
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS INITIATIVE
(DOE – LBNL – WBCSD – AIA - ASHRAE)
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT: FINANCING, EDUCATION AND TRAINING
CODES AND STANDARDS, POLICY
Public Domain• Communication Protocols• Standards for Software modules
for components• Building Operations Platform
(BOP) software • Codes, Regulations, Policy,
Incentives, etc.
Public Domain• Communication Protocols• Standards for Software modules
for components• Building Operations Platform
(BOP) software • Codes, Regulations, Policy,
Incentives, etc.
Proprietary Products• Specific hardware products (e.g., chillers,
heat recovery units, sensors, lighting, control modules)
• GUI and customized software products that work with BOP software
• ESCO turnkey offerings• A&E turnkey offerings
Proprietary Products• Specific hardware products (e.g., chillers,
heat recovery units, sensors, lighting, control modules)
• GUI and customized software products that work with BOP software
• ESCO turnkey offerings• A&E turnkey offerings
2011
NOW
2013 2016 2018 2030
Recommendations for Partnership• Establish Strategic Value
– Set the community agenda about high-performance buildings• Form alliances with research agencies, foundations, media, nonprofits,
trade and professional organizations
– Technology• Identify and conduct precompetitive R&D• Develop technology for scalable, fault-tolerant, robust, networked
systems• Deliver technology roadmaps and key demonstrations• Start joint seed projects NOW
– Human Capital Development• Form critical mass from academia, national lab, industry to
collaboratively address complex systems problem• Create educational program for energy efficiency and complex
systems• Create training program for building operations, policy makers
NAS estimate of economic benefits of EE R&D assigns $23 of $30 billion in savings to LBNL - derived technologies
Additional $48 billion in savings from energy efficiency standards for 9 residential products
Recommendations for Partnership• Create HiPerBRIC as a Global Innovation Hub in High-
Performance Buildings– Attract the world’s best scientists, engineers, architects, and social
scientists from national lab, academia, industry, and investment community to work on high-performance buildings
– HiPerBRIC Living Lab. & User Facility to host people in one building
– 10 year program with milestones & deliverables
• Funding– $40M/year
• $20M from Industrial Consortium• $20M from Federal & State Governments • 0.1% of ~$40B/year in potential US energy savings (4 quads) -
1000X/year