Chapter 11 Lecture

Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context

Sixth Edition

Wendy A. MitteagerState University of New York, Oneonta

City Spaces: Urban Structure

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Key Concepts

• Gentrification

• North American Cities

• European Cities

• Islamic Cities

• Unintended Metropolises

• Land Use

• Spatial Patterns

• Racial Segregation

• Urban Land Use Models

• Smart Growth

• Urban Sprawl

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Urban Land Use

• Accessibility

• Isotropic surface

• Trade-off model

Apply your knowledge: Identify 3 trade-offs that you have made in your own living space. How have these affected your access to school, transportation, and job?

Figure 11.1 Accessibility, bid-rent, and urban structure

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Urban Land Use, (cont'd)

• Congregation• Minority groups• Segregation

– Enclaves, ghettos, colonies

Apply your knowledge: Identify any enclaves, ghettos, or colonies in your region. List ways these may have resulted from discrimination and ways residents benefit from congregation.

Figure: Chapter 11 Opener Thames Town, China

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North American Cities

• Central business district (CBD)

• Zone in transition

• Invasion and succession

Figure 11.2 Chicago's CBD

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North American Cities, (cont'd)

Figure 11.4 Chinatown in NYCFigure 11.3 The ecological model of urban land use

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Racial Segregation

Detroit

Long BeachNew York

Washington, D.C.

Figure 11.a,b,c,d

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Spatial Organization

Figure 11.6 Decentralized multiple-nuclei model

Figure 11.5 Hoyt's Sector model

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Figure 11.7 Polycentric new metropolis

Spatial Organization, (cont'd)

Apply your knowledge: Create a map like the ones in Figures 11.7 and 11.8 for the metropolitan area with which you are most familiar. Label urban realms, major highways, edge cities, secondary business centers, and other important features.

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Spatial Organization, (cont'd)

Figure 11.9 Gentrification in PhiladelphiaFigure 11.8 Metroburban landscapes

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Smart Growth versus Sprawl

Figure 11.F Smart growth in PasadenaFigure 11.E Transformation of California farmland to suburban sprawl

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Problems of North American Cities

• Central cities

• Fiscal squeeze

• Infrastructure

• Poverty

• Neighborhood decay

• Cycle of poverty

• Redlining

Figure 11.10 Decaying infrastructure, Minneapolis

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Problems of North American Cities, (cont'd)

Figure 11.11 Poverty in the District of Columbia

Apply your knowledge: Identify fiscal, industrial, or neighborhood problems in your city or town. List and explain any cycles of proverty or other patterns you can identify.

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European Cities

• City planning• Beaux Arts style• Modern movement

• Features – Low skylines– Lively downtowns

– Neighborhood stability

– Municipal socialism

Figure 11.12 Vigevano, Italy

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European Cities, (cont'd)

Apply your knowledge: Find images that best capture the typical features of European cities.

Figure 11.14 Sabbioneta, ItalyFigure 11.13 Cologne, Germany

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European Cities, (cont'd)

Figure 11.16 La Ville RadieuseFigure 11.15 Boulevard des Italiens, Paris

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Figure 11.17 The Brazilian National Congress buildings, Brasilia

European Cities, (cont'd)

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Islamic Cities

• Basic principles– Personal privacy and

virtue– Communal well-being

– Inner essence of things

• Jami (principal mosque)

• Kasbah (citadel)Figure 11.18 Mosque in Pakistan

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Islamic Cities, (cont'd)

Figure 11.19 A suq, a covered bazaar, in Iran Figure 11.20 Housing in Tunisia

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Islamic Cities, (cont'd)

Apply your knowledge: Research an Islamic city that is similar in size to the community in which you live and list two similarities and two differences between your own town or city and the Islamic city you have researched.

Figure 11.21 Traditional wind towers in Iran

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Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Figure 11.H Luxury development, Palm Jumeirah

Figure 11.G Dubai cityscape

Figure 11.J Dubai real estate bust

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Cities of the Periphery

• Unintended metropolises• Underemployment• Dualism

• The informal economy

• Slums

• Transport & infrastructureproblems

• Environmental degradation

Figure 11.23 Dualism in Rio de Janeiro

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Cities of the Periphery, (cont'd)

Apply your knowledge: Identify an informal economic function in your town or city. List positive and negative effects of the activities involved in this type of economy.

Figure 11.24 Garbage picking in Bangkok, Thailand

Figure 11.22 Recent explosive growth in Lagos, Nigeria

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Cities of the Periphery, (cont'd)

Figure 11.26 Self-help as a solution to housing problems in Zambia

Figure 11.25 Informal economic activities in Bangkok, Thailand

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Cities of the Periphery, (cont'd)

Figure 11.28 Water-supply problems in India

Figure 11.27 Infrastructure problems in Columbia

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Future Geographies

Apply your knowledge: Research a megacity and examine it in terms of the presence of slum housing, environmental degradation, and infrastructure concerns. What are the causes of these problems?

Figure 11.29 Cityscapes will continue to be dominated by stark contrasts between the rich and poor, as in these slums in Mumbai, India

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End of Chapter 11