HELMET BASED VEHICLE CONTROL

SYSTEM

CONTENT

CHPTER NO TITLE PAGENO

1 ABSTRACT 5

2 INTRODUCTION 73 BLOCK DIAGRAM 94 ZIGBEE 114.1 Over view 12

4.2 NETWORK LAYERS 144.3 APPLICATION LAYERS 144.4 Main Components 144.5 SECURITY SERVICES 154.6 PROTOCOLS 164.7 NODE TYPES 174.8 Zigbee coordinator (ZC) 184.9 Zigbee Router (ZR) 19

5 MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52) 205.1 INTRODUCTION 215.2 DESCRIPTION 21

5.3 PIN CONFIGURATION 22

5.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM(ARCHITECTURE) 23

5.5 PIN DESCRIBTION 24

5.6 OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS 28

5.7 IDLE MODE 29

5.8 FEATURES 30

6 ADC0808/ADC0809 31

6.1 INTRODUCTION 32

6.2 CRICUIT DIAGRAM 33

6.3 pin DIAGRAM 34

6.4 FUNCTION DESCERIPTION 35

6.5 CONVERTOR CHARACTERISTICS 35

6.6 Features 36

6.7 KEY SPECIFICATIONS 37

7 SENSORS 38

7.1 vibration sensor 39

7.2 FLEX SENSOR 39

7.3 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 40

8 OVER ALLCIRCUIT DIAGRAM 44

9 POWER SUPPLY DIAGRAM 45

9.1 POWER SUPPLY DESCRIPTION 46

10 LCD DISPLAY UNIT 49

10.1 LCD display description 50

11 RS232 SERIALCOMMUNICATION 52

11.1 RS232 SIGNAL 53

12 SOFTWARD REQURIED 57

12.1 INTRODUCTION TO KEIL 58

12.2 FUNTION OF KEIL 59

12.3 DEVELOPMENT OF KEIL 60

13 ADVANTAGES 62

14 APPLICATION 64

15 CONCUSION 66

16 Future Enhancement 68

16 RESUIT 70

17 REFERENCE 72

1. ABSTRACT

1. Abstract:

An accident is a specific, unexpected, unusual and unintended external action which occurs in a particular time and place, with no apparent and deliberate cause but with marked effects. Carelessness of the driver is the major factor of such accidents. The traffic authorities give a lot of instructions to the vehicle operators. But many of them do not obey the rules. Nowadays most of the countries are forcing the motor riders to wear the helmet and not to use the vehicles when the person is in drunken condition. But still the rules are being violated by the users. In order to overcome this we introduces an intelligent system, Smart Helmet, which automatically checks whether the person is wearing the helmet and has non- alcoholic breath while driving. Here we have a transmitter at the helmet and the receiver at the bike. There is a switch used to sure the wearing of helmet on the head. The ON condition of the switch ensures the placing of the helmet in proper manner. An alcohol sensor is placed near to the mouth of the driver in the helmet to detect the presence of alcohol. The data to be transferred is coded with RF encoder and transmitted through radio frequency transmitter. The receiver at the bike receives the data and decodes it through RF decoder. The engine should not ON if any of the two conditions is violated. MCU controls the function of relay and thus the ignition, it control the engine through a relay and a relay interfacing circuit.

Key words

2. INTRODUCTION

2. INTRODUCTION

A traffic accident is defined as any vehicle accident occurring on a public highway (i.e. originating on, terminating on, or involving a vehicle partially on the highway). These accidents therefore include collisions between vehicles and animals, vehicles and pedestrians, or vehicles and fixed obstacles. In higher-income countries, road traffic [1] accidents are already among the top ten leading causes of disease burden in 1998 as measured in DALYs (disability-adjusted life years). In less developed countries, road traffic accidents were the most significant cause of injuries, ranking eleventh among the most important causes of lost years of healthy life. In Indian road system, widening of the road is not an alternative solution to avoid traffic in such a cities [2]. The problems with state drunk driving control systems can be solved in many ways. The most effective will follow several principles: They will invest authority and responsibility in people and organizations at all levels, local to national, because drunken driving control [6] requires action at all levels. They will operate in the public eye, using the media to report on problems and solutions, because ultimate decisions on priorities and resources to control drunk driving must have public support. They will not promise instant solutions based on a single action but rather will take steady steps towards long-term improvement. And they will establish mechanisms for identifying and solving problems rather than attempting to apply one-size-fits-all methods.Application of electronics in the automobile field is very much popular now. Because of the low prices and various varieties available in the marketpeople prefer motorbikes to buy over 4 wheelers. Hence Road Safety becomes a major issue of concern. Therefore it becomes necessary to implement such a technique which is not easy to bypass the basic rule of wearing helmet and to avoid drunken driving. Here we designed a system which checks the two conditions before turned ON the engine of the bike. Our system includes an alcohol sensor [8] and a helmet sensing switch. A switch is used to detect whether the biker is wearing helmet. Alcohol sensor is used to detect the biker is drunk, the output is fed to the MCU. Both the switch and the alcohol sensor are fitted in the helmet. If any of the two conditions are violated the engine will not turned ON.Alcohol sensor MQ3 is used here for detecting the alcohol concentration present in the driver’s breath. Sensor provides an analog resistive output based on the alcohol concentration. MCU is the microcontroller unit, which controls all the functions of other blocks in this system. MCU takes or read data from the sensors and controls all the functions of the whole system by manipulating these data. Alcohol sensor is connected to the MCU through an interfacing circuit and the helmet sensing switch is directly connected to the MCU. MCU receives data from these sensors and it gives a digital data corresponding to the output of sensors to the encoder only if the two conditions are satisfied.

Most of the accidents occur outside the cities are due to drunken driving and no testing methodology is adopted to avoid these fatalities in highways. Motorists parking their vehicles in No-parking areas increase the rate of traffic in the metropolitan cities. In Indian road system, widening of the road is not an alternative solution to avoid traffic in such a cities.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

HELMENT SECTION

VEHICLE SECTION

IR sensor 1

IR sensor 2

HT12E

Encoder

&

PIC16F877A

RF TRNANMITTER

Alcohol Sensor

POWER UNIT

POWER UNIT

RF RECEIVER HT12D DECODER

DISPLAY UNIT

CONTRO CIRCIUT

REALY

PIC16F877A

Controller

4. RF MOULES

4.RF MODULES (434MHz) :

The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio Frequency. The corresponding frequency

range varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this RF system, the digital data is represented as

variations in the amplitude of carrier wave. This kind of modulation is known as Amplitude Shift

Keying (ASK).

Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared) because of many reasons. Firstly, signals

through RF can travel through larger distances making it suitable for long range applications. Also,

while IR mostly operates in line-of-sight mode, RF signals can travel even when there is an

obstruction between transmitter & receiver. Next, RF transmission is more strong and reliable than

IR transmission. RF communication uses a specific frequency unlike IR signals which are affected

by other IR emitting sources.

This RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver

(Tx/Rx) pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz. An RF transmitter receives serial data and

transmits it wirelessly through RF through its antenna connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at

the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same

frequency as that of the transmitter.

The RF module is often used along with a pair of encoder/decoder. The encoder is used for

encoding parallel data for transmission feed while reception is decoded by a decoder. HT12E-

HT12D, HT640-HT648, etc. are some commonly used encoder/decoder pair ICs.

Pin Description Transmitter Module Pin Number

Function Name

1 Ground (0V) GND 2 Serial Data Input Pin DATA 3 Supply Voltage (5V) VCC 4 Antenna Output Pin ANT

Receiver Module Pin

Number

Function Name

1 Ground (0V) GND

2 Serial Data Output Pin DATA

3 Linear Output Pin; Not

Connected

NC

4 Supply Voltage (5V) VCC

5 Supply Voltage (5V) VCC

6 Ground (0V) GND

7 Ground (0V) GND

8 Antenna Input Pin ANT

CHAPTER – 4

RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER:

Transmitter Circuit

Receiver Circuit

4.MICRO CONTROLLE

(AT89S52)