Guj Power c0 Ltd Bhv Eia

7/27/2019 Guj Power c0 Ltd Bhv Eia

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Integrated Environmental Impact AssessmProposed Open Cast Mining at Ghogha-S

Khadsaliya-II and Khadsaliya-I Lignite MBhavnagar District, Gujarat

Sponsor

Gujarat Power Corporation Limited, Gujarat

GHOGHA SURKA

KHADSALIYAII

KHADSALIYA I

Bhumbli

Ghog

Hatab

Khadsaliya II

Koliyak

Padava

Rajpara

Surkha

Thordi

Ramdas

Padva

Pond

Bhawanipura

Pithalpur

Kareda

Chnaya

Malpar

Badi

Nagdhaniba

Valespur

Bhainswari

Lakhanka

Gundi

Juna Ra

Rampur

B H A V N A G A R

D I S T R I C T


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Integrated Environmental Impact Assessm

Proposed Open Cast Mining at Ghogha-SuKhadsaliya-II and Khadsaliya-I Lignite MiBhavnagar District, Gujarat

Sponsor

Gujarat Power Corporation Limited, Gujarat


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CONTENTS

Item Pag

Contents i to

List of Figures viii

List of Tables xi t

List of Appendices x

List of Annexures x

Executive Summary ES1

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 1.1 Preamble 1

1.2 Mining of Minerals in India 1

1.3 Brief Proposed Project 1

1.4 Project Proponent 1

1.5 Project Benefits 1

1.6 Prior Environmental Clearance Process 1

1.7 Approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA Study 1

1.7.1Proposed Draft ToR for Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA)1

1.7.2 MoEF Approved ToR for EIA Study 1

Chapter 2: Project Description 2.1

2.1 Need of Proposed Lignite Mines Development 2

2.2 Proposed Mining Project 2

2.3 Proposed Mine Site Leasehold Area 2

2.3.1 Topography and Drainage Pattern 2


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Item Pag

2.7.1 Estimated Life of Proposed Mines 2

2.7.2 Backfilling & Reclamation 2

2.8 Machineries 2

2.8.1 Overburden 2

2.8.2 Lignite 2

2.8.3 Mineral Benefication 2

2.9 Infrastructure 2

2.9.1 Roads and Culverts 2

2.9.2 Buildings 2

2.9.3 Water Supply 2

2.9.4 Power Supply 2

2.9.5 Telecommunication system 2

2.10 Manpower 2

2.11 Mine Closure Plan 2

2.11.1 Reasons for Closure 2

2.11.2 Statutory Obligation 2

2.11.3 Ghogha-Surka 2

2.11.4 Khadsaliya-II 2

2.11.5 Khadsaliya-I 2

Chapter 3: Description of Environment 3.1 to

3.1 Description of Project Site and Study Area 33.2 Land Environment 3

3.2.1 Soil Characteristics - Baseline status 3

3.2.2 Physical Properties of Soil 3

3 2 3 Chemical Properties of Soil 3


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Item Pag

3.3 Water Environment 3

3.3.1 Water Requirement and Resource 3

3.3.2 Baseline Status 3

3.3.2.1 Surface Water Quality 3

3.3.2.2 Groundwater Quality 3

3.3.2.3 Bacteriological Characteristics 3

3.3.2.4 Biological Characteristics 3

3.4 Air Environment 3

3.4.1 Micrometeorology 3

3.4.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 3

3.4.3 Baseline Status 3

3.5 Noise Environment 3

3.5.1 Community Noise Levels 3

3.5.2 Baseline status 3

3.5 Biological Environment 3

3.6.1 Reconnaissance 3

3.6.2 Survey Methodology 3

3.6.3 Flora of the Study Area 3

3.6.4 Plant Structure and Composition in Coastal Areas 3

3.6.4.1 Mangroves 3

3.6.5 Agriculture of the Study Area 3

3.6.6 Fauna of the Study Area 3

3.6.7 Fisheries 3

3.7 Socio-economic Environment 3

3.7.1 Reconnaissance Survey 3


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Item Pag

3.7.5 Quality of Life 3

Chapter 4: Impact Assessment 4.1

4.1 Identification of Significant Impacts 4

4.2 Site Specific Impacts 4

4.2.1 Diversion of Seasonal Rivers/Drain 4

4.2.2 Irrigation Canal Diversion 4

4.2.3 Diversion of Roads 4

4.2.4 Special Studies as per Prescribed ToR 4

4.3 Adverse Impact Mitigation Measures 4

4.3.1 Dust Suppression 4

4.3.2 Mine Pit Water for Reuse 4

4.3.3 Top Soil Management 4

4.3.4 Infrastructure 4

4.3.5 Disposal of Mining Machinery 4

4.3.6 Safety and Security 4

4.4 Mine Operation Phase - Prediction of Impacts 4

4.4.1 Land Environment 4.

4.4.1.1 Waste Disposal 4

4.4.2 Water Environment 4

4.4.2.1 Mine Wastewater 4

4.4.2.2 Mine Pit Water 4

4.4.2.3 Acidic Mine Drainage 4

4.4.2.4 Mine Water Treatment 4

4.4.2.5 Workshop Effluents 4

4 4 2 6 Estimated Water Balance 4


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Item Pag

4.4.3.2 Micro-Meteorology 4

4.4.3.3 Air Quality Predictions 4

4.4.4 Noise Environment 4

4.4.4.1 Prediction of impacts due to lignite mining

activity

4

4.4.4.2 Noise Due to vehicular Traffic 4

4.4.5 Biological Environment 4

4.4.6 Socioeconomic Environment 4

4.4.6.1 Rehabilitation & Resettlement Plan (RRAP) 4

4.4.6.2 Compensation for Acquisition of Land and

Other Assets4

4.4.6.3 Other Benefits to Land losers 4

4.4.6.4 Income Restoration with Employment andLivelihood Opportunities

4

4.4.6.5 Implementation 4

4.4.6.6 Grievance Redressal 4

4.4.6.7 Monitoring 4

4.4.6.8 Prediction of Socio-economic Impacts 4

Chapter 5: Environmental Management Plan 5.1

5.1 Land Procurement and Pre-Mining Activities 5

5.2 Lignite Mines Operation Phase 55.2.1 Land Environment 5

5.2.1.1 Land Reclamation General Procedure 5



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Item Pag

5.2.3.4 Dumping Area 5

5.2.4 Noise Mitigation 5

5.2.5 Biological Environment 5

5.2.5.1 Biological Reclamation 5

5.2.5.2 Green belt Development 5

5.2.5.3 Guidelines for Plantations 5

5.2.6 Socioeconomic Environment 5

5.3 Post Project Environmental Monitoring 5

5.3.1 Land Environment 5


5.3.3 Air Environment 5

5.3.4 Noise Environment 5

5.4 Occupational Safety and Health 5

5.5 Environment Management Cell 5

5.6 Budgetary Provision for EMP 5

Chapter 6 : Additional Studies 6.1 t

6.1 Rapid Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan 6

6.1.1 Identification of Hazards 6

6.1.1.1 Slope Failure

6.1.1.2 Overburden

6.1.1.3 Effect of Haulage Truck Operation on Dump

Point Stability

6

6.1.1.4 Measures to Prevent the Danger ofOverburden

6

6.1.1.5 Measures to Prevent Accidents due toTrucks/Dumpers

6


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Item Pag

6.2.2 Past Tsunamis in the Arabian Sea and future possibilities 6

6.2.2.1 Tsunamigenic Earthquake Source Zones inthe Arabian Sea

6

6.2.3 Seismological / Geomorphological / Geologicalstudies ofthe proposed area

6

6.2.3.1 Regional Seismicity 6

6.2.3.2 Tectonic Settings 6

6.2.4 Numerical Modeling on Tsunami 6

6.2.4.1 Data and Methodology 6

6.2.4.2 Tsunami generation model 6

6.2.4.3 Tsunami propagation 6

6.2.4.4 Inundation mapping 6

6.2.5 Discussion and Conclusions 6


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List of Figures

Fig. No Particulars P

1.1 Identified Lignite Deposits in Gujarat State

1.2 Project Location Key Map

1.3 Prior Environmental Clearance Process for Category A Projects1.4 Proposed Mines Study Area Map showing core zone and buffer

zone

2.1 Topography and Drainage Pattern at Proposed Mine Sites

2.2 Drainage Map of the Study area

2.3 Ghogha-Surka Mine and Vicinity Contour Map

2.4 Khadsaliya-II Mine and Vicinity Contour Map

2.5 Khadsaliya-I Mine and Vicinity Contour Map

2.6 Geological Sections across the Lignite blocks- West to East

2.7 Geological Sections across the Lignite blocks- North to South

2.8 Surface Plan of Ghogha-Surka Mine

2.9 Surface Plan of Khadsaliya-II Mine

2.10 Surface Plan of Khadsaliya-I Mine 2.11 Ghogha-Surka Mine Planned Pit Position at end of 5 th Year

2.12 Khadsaliya-II Mine Planned Pit Position at end of 5th Year

2.13 Khadsaliya-I Mine Planned Pit Position at end of 5th Year

2.14 Conceptual Mining Plan Ghogha Surka

2.15 Conceptual Mining Plan Khadsaliya-II

2.16 Conceptual Mining Plan Khadsaliya-I

2.17 Proposed Lignite Stock Yard for Three Mines

2.18 Progressive Mine Closure Plan Ghogha Surka

2.19 Progressive Mine Closure Plan Khadsaliya-II


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3.2.5 Landuse / Landcover within 10 km radius around Proposed LigniteMines after ground truth

3.3.1 Water Quality sampling Locations

3.4.1 Air Quality Sampling Locations in Study Area

3.4.2 Windrose at Project Site during Study Period

3.5.1 Noise Sampling Locations in Study Area

3.6.1 Biological Survey Sampling Locations in Study Area

3.7.1 Socio-economic Survey Locations in Study Area

4.1.1 Comprehensive Impact Network for Proposed Lignite Mines

4.2.1 Roads, Drains and Irrigation Canal in Core Zone

4.4.1 Schematic Diagram for Treatment of Mine Water

4.4.2 Schematic Diagram for Treatment of Workshop Effluent

4.4.3 Model Domain

4.4.4 Discretisation of model domain (A) Plan, and sections across (B)Ghogha-Surkha Block, (B) Khadsaliya-I Block (B) Khadsaliya-II Block

4.4.5 Water table contours after (A) 0 yr, (B) 1yr, (C) 3 yrs, and (D) 5yrs

4.4.6 Water level along EW and NS cross sections

4.4.7 Methodology Adopted for Air Pollution Modelling

4.4.8 Various Activities of Opencast Mines

4.4.9 Wind rose during study period

4.4.10 Isopleths of SPM Concentrations Over Study Region due to LineSources

4.4.11 Predicted Noise Contours within the Mining Site Ghogha-Surka 4.4.12 Predicted Noise Contours within the Mining Site Khadsaliya-I

4.4.13 Predicted Noise Contours within the Mining Site Khadsaliya-II

5.1 Environmental Management Plan of Ghogha-Surka

5 2 Environmental Management Plan of Khadsaliya-II


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6.5 Initial vertical deformation of sea floor

6.6(a) Tsunami wave travel times at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 min. Tsunamiamplitudes are in meters

6.6(b) Tsunami wave travel times at 180, 210, 228 min. Tsunamiamplitudes are in meters

6.7 Hourly travel -time chart of tsunami wave that resulted from theMakran earthquake

6.8 Tsunami Waveforms at three lignite mining deposit sites

6.9 Directivity map for M8 in the central part of Makran earthquake,Strike of 2500 of the fault directs the tsunami towards western India

6.10 Possible inundations due to various wave heights (in meters) atproposed Sites


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List of Tables

TableNo.

Particulars Pa

1.1 MoEF Approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA Studyand Compliance

2.1 Project Summary

2.2 Local Geology

2.3 Quality of Lignite

2.4 Constituents in lignite ash of the three mines

2.5 Criteria for Mineable lignite block

2.6 Details of Working Benches

2.7 Projected Progress of Mining

2.8 Year wise Details of Land Degradation and proposed reclamation

2.9 Ultimate Production Capacity and Overburden of ProposedLignite Mines

2.10 Details of loading equipments

2.11 Details of Hauling Equipment

2.12 Details of Ancillary Equipment

2.13 Estimated Manpower Requirements

3.1.1 Monthly Rainfall for the Period 2006 to 2010 at Bhavnagar

3.2.1 Existing Land cover Details

3.2.2 Soil Sampling Locations

3.2.3 Methods Followed for Analysis of Soil Samples

3.2.4 Physical Properties of Soil

3.2.5 Chemical Properties of Soil

3.2.6 Agriculture Crops in Study Area

3.2.7 Land Use Pattern in Villages under Study Area (within buffer10 k )


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TableNo.

Particulars Pa

3.3.4 Sampling Locations for Aquatic Study

3.3.5 Phytoplankton Cell Count (No./Lit.) Across Sampling Locations

3.3.6 Zooplankton Standing Stock (No./Lit.)

3.3.7 Shannon Weiner Diversity Index Across Sampling Locations

3.4.1 Air Quality Sampling Locations

3.4.2 Methods Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

3.4.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

3.5.1 Noise Monitoring Locations

3.5.2 Ambient Noise Levels in Study Area

3.6.1 Biological Environment Sampling Locations

3.6.2 List of Flora found in Study Area

3.6.3 List of Agricultural Crops in Study Area

3.6.4 List of Fauna found in Study Area

3.6.5 List of Estimated Marine Fish Production (District : BhavnagarCentre: Bhavnagar)

3.6.6 Marine Fish Production (District : Bhavnagar Centre: Ghogha)

3.7.1 Socio-economic Survey Villages

3.7.2 Demographic Structure in Study Area

3.7.3 Infrastructure Resource Base in Study Area

4.4.1 Rainfall recharge in study area

4.4.2 Layers of the Model

4.4.3 Model input parameters 4.4.4 Mining Schedule for 5 years period

4.4.5 Illustrative Water Harvesting Potential for different land uses

4.4.6 RWH Potential v/s Water Requirement in Mining Blocks(MCM/yr)


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LLiisstt ooffAAppppeennddiicceess

Appendix Part iculars

I Copies of mining plan approval letters received from Ministry of Coa

Govt. of India

LLiisstt ooffAAnnnneexxuurreess

Annexure Part iculars

1 Rehabilitation & Resettlement Plan


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EExxeeccuutt iivvee SSuumm

1.0 Introduction

The post independence era has witnessed comprehensive industrializa

country including Gujarat state. Gujarat has about 2,676 million tones of lignite,

million tones of bauxite and about 2.5 million tones of manganese ore

Availability of lignite in Gujarat state, has led to the establishment of lignite base

Power Plants in the state to meet the growing energy demand in the state.

The Geology & Mining Department, Govt. of Gujarat has delineated ab

long lignite belt, with 270 million tonnes of geological reserves in Bhavnagar

saurashtra region. The discovery of lignite deposits in the region of Gh

Bhavnagar talukas of Bhavnagar District, has confirmed the possibility of openin

mines.

The joint venture company, Bhavnagar Energy Company limited

Government of Gujarat undertaking company is setting up a lignite based pow

about 500MW capacity. M/s Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd, proposed lignite

Ghogha-Surka, Khadsaliya-II and Khadsaliya-I mainly to feed the fuel for BECL

power plant.

To meet the enhanced requirement of lignite for 500 MW pithead powe

Ghogha-Surka mining plan was revised for producing 2.25 million TPY and, the

was obtained on 22.12.2009 and KhadsaliyaI mine plan was also revised to pro

million TPY and the respective approval was obtained on 18.12.2009. The t

Khadsaliya-II mining plan was also approved at a design capacity of 0.75 millio

14.01.2010.

M/s GPCL retained CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Researc

to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment study including prepa


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2.0 Project Description

The proposed Ghogha-Surka mine is designed at 2.25 million TPY, Khad1.00 million TPY and Khadsaliya-II mine at 0.75 million TPY lignite extraction / p

capacity. The lignite mining is proposed through mechanised opencast minin

using conventional mining equipment hydraulic shovel and dumper combin

transportation of lignite by dumpers to stock yard located at KhadsaliyaII lease

The total design capacity of proposed three mines will be 4.0 million T

production. There will be no processing of lignite involved, however blending

from three mines will be carried out before feeding to the pithead power plant.

Proposed Mine Site

x The Mine lease areas of Ghogha-Surka (1355 ha) and Khadsaliya-I (711

falls within the jurisdiction of Ghogha and Bhavnagar talukas of Bhavnaand Khadsaliya-II (914 ha) falls within Bhavnagar taluka.

x The mining lease area Ghogha-Surka is located between latitude 21

21038'45N and longitude 72011'55 to 7201500E, Khadsaliya-I locate

latitude 21031'25 to 21033'15N and longitude 72013'30 to 72014

Khadsaliya II in between latitude 21033'15 to 21036'30N and longitude

to 7201525E.

x The proposed mine sites are well connected by all weather roads like La

Bhavnagar via Thalsar, Koliyak and Ratanpur villages and Padva to

Bhavnagar, the District Headquarters is about 27 km in the north west o

Surka block, 35 km due south of the Khadsaliya-I block and 29 km in

west of Khadsaliya-II block.

x Bhavnagar is the nearest railway station which is a terminal for the bro

railway line connecting Bhavnagar with Ahmedabad and Bombay via D

S


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respectively. The life of Khadsaliya-II mine is 20 years but the life of powe

considered as 25 years.

Reclamation of mined out area is proposed to be commenced partly in

and continue till end of mine life. The mined out area is proposed to be ba

overburden removal in a systematic manner.

The strata being soft and clayey in nature, can easily be excavated d

loaded into the dumpers and does not require any blasting. The OB excavat

stacked separately on surface as OB waste dump. The top soil having a varying

up to 0.3 m to 0.5 m, 1.2 m and 0.5 m will be stacked separately on the

Ghogha-Surka, Khadsaliya-II and Khadsaliya-I respectively. The OB as well a

dump sites were selected on non lignite bearing area.

3.0 Description of Environment

The project proponent, i.e. M/s Gujarat Power Corporation Limited (GPC

M/s Kadam Environmental Consultants (KEC), Vadodara to carry out the p

(baseline) environmental studies within the impact zone for Land, Water, A

Biological components and got the socioeconomic study done through

Department, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar.

Project Site and Study Area (Core & Buffer Zones)

The lease area for Ghogha-Surka (1355.0 ha), Khadsaliya-I (711.4

Khadsaliya-II (914.2 ha) mines, which are adjacent to each other, fall within the j

of Bhavnagar and Ghogha Talukas in Bhavnagar district. The maximu

elevations in individual mine sites are: 45 m, 48.1 m, 60 m, while the ground

variations are at Ghogha-Surka: 16-45m; KhadsaliyaI: 19.2-48.1m; and Khadsa

60m above MSL as per Survey of India toposheets. The mining lease area o

surka consists mostly of agricultural lands.


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There is no reserve forest in the core zone as well as in buffer zone su

the proposed mine sites. The sea coast is at >1.5 km in eastern direction of the

(three mines). The climate of the area is mostly tropical monsoon type. Ann

data shows wide variation and ranged between 851 mm and 141 mm. Reconna

study area was undertaken as part of the baseline studies for air, water, la

biological and socio-economic components of environment.

Baseline Status

The pre-project (baseline) status of environmental quality studies were c

by M/s KEC, Vadodara through field surveys for individual components dur

season (November 2011 - January 2012) covering 10 km radial distance a

proposed lignite mine sites.

Land Environment

x Soil characteristics were studied at Sixteen (16) villages in the study area

methods are followed for collection and analysis of soil samples.

x The texture of the soil in the study area is predominately Sandy loam, S

loam and medium loam with medium water holding capacity. The wat

capacity in the soil samples ranged: 32.88 - 80.23%. The bulk density of thestudy area is in the range of 0.73 to 1.49 g/cc. The porosity of soils is in th

48 to 63%. Sand content in the soil of the study area varies from 10.28% (

to 71.28% (in Khadsaliya-I). The pH of the soil in the study area is moderate

in reaction having pH in the range of 7.26 to 8.61, except the soils of Kh

with a near neutral pH value of 6.88. The EC for the soil samples are in th

82.70 to 1379 moh/cm. Soluble state in the soil viz., calcium and magne

in the range of 0.08 - 1.64 gm/kg and 0.05 to 1.39 gm/kg respectively. So

potassium in the soils are varies from 0.11 to 3.84 gm/kg and 0.04 to 0

respectively. The cation exchange capacity of the soil samples of the s


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Water Quality

x The prevailing (pre-project) status of water quality has been assessed at 3 losurface water resources and 18 sampling locations for ground water in the st

x During the study period, the physico-chemical characteristics of surfa

samples at different locations indicate pH: 8.01-8.39; conductivity, TDS, ch

sodium are in high concentrations for Ghogha pond whereas other two sur

locations conductivity is 616 to 1540 mhos/cm and TDS is 380 to

respectively; total Alkalinity: 250-320 mg/L; total Hardness 190-370 mg

Ghogha pond: 1940 mg/L); Calcium hardness: 82-600 mg/L; Sulphates: 30-

Potassium: 4.6-131.2 mg/L; Chlorides: 145 to 359 mg/L (except at Ghog

11089 mg/L); Sodium: 46.7 to 119 mg/L (except at Ghogha pond: 7346 mg/L

x Nutrients in terms of Nitrates and Total phosphates were observed from 0

mg/L and 0.24-1.48 mg/L respectively. The levels of DO, B.O.D and C

observed in the range 4.6-5.1 mg/L, 13-55 mg/L and 16-77 mg/L respective

pond and Malesari river in the study area can be classified as C class

classification of inland surface water of IS 229-1982.

x In ground water samples, physical parameters such as pH, TDS and Condu

found in the ranges 7.39-8.5; 332-2384 mg/L and 472-3690 Pmhos/cm re

Inorganic parameters such as Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Chloride,

Sodium, Potassium and Fluoride are in the range of 120-340 mg/L; 130-900

862 mg/L; 7-273 mg/L; 13-410.9 mg/L; 0.7 to 21.7 mg/L and 0.01-0

respectively. The results of nutrient and demand parameters show that Ph

the range of 0.11-1.19 mg/L and Nitrate in the range of BDL-67.49 observed. The levels of DO were observed in the range: 2 - 3 mg/L. The

mg/L respectively.

x The heavy metal concentration observed in surface water samples were C


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Iron: 0.01-5.6 mg/L (except Bhuteshwar: 5.6 mg/L) and Lead: 0.02 mg/L

sampling locations.

x The total coliform and faecal coliform were observed in the ranges: 23-27 M

and 8 - 17 MPN/100ml in surface water samples whereas in ground wate

they were below 2 MPN/100ml.

Air Environment

The baseline ambient air quality status with respect to conventional air pollPM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx have been assessed through 12 monitoring locations at a

the proposed project site upto 10 km radial distance.

The high volume samplers with PM10 separation facility fabricated ac

NEERIs design and fine dust samplers based on cascade impactor principle w

for ambient air sampling. The PM10

and PM2.5

concentrations were derivedby g

method. The gaseous pollutants SO2 and NOx, concentrations were analysed

standard wet chemical methods.

The hourly micrometeorological data from continuous records have bee

derive windrose and analysis of prevailing wind pattern during study period. . T

windrose diagram shows that the predominant wind direction is from WNW.

condition is observed to be around 16.42%.

The results of field surveys within study area during the study p

summarised as follows:

x The ambient temperature varied between 7.5C-31.7C with an average

and relative humidity was recorded up to 96%

x The maximum 24 hourly concentrations of PM10 at different locations were fo

range 113-185 g/m3 during study period. Average concentrations of PM

between 36 and 47 g/m3.


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Ambient Noise Levels

The baseline ambient noise levels have been monitored at 21 locationsstudy area using precision noise level meters. The observations during study pe

follows

x The average noise levels at different villages in study area vary from 5

dB(A) in day time and 45.1 - 50.6 dB(A) during the night time

x The average day time noise levels at most of the locations except Padand Badi villages are above the prescribed ambient noise standards for

area.

x During night time, the average noise levels at all locations are

prescribed ambient noise standards for residential area.

Biological Environment

x Total 17 sampling locations were identified for biological field survey.

x The vegetation throughout study area can be classified as thorny dry

open forest type. The most dominant trees in this region are Prosopi

Acacia sp., Mangifera indica, Ficus religiosa, Azadiracta indic

monosperma

x The vegetation in nearby villages mainly composed of Albizzia chinensis

excels, Bauhinia racemosa, Mangifera indica, Prosopis juliflora, Ficus

Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia tomentosa etc.

x Mangroves vegetation is more near Bhavnagar, Piram Island and Ghogh

high density of Avicennia marina. Mangroves in the intertidal mudflats a

and sparse. Avicennia marina showed single species dominance in m

mangroves patches. Sonneratia apetala is found either in scattered o

patches at few places


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x Garden lizards and Indian chameleon were observed in every sampling

snakes Dhaman and Cobra is noted during personal interviewing

peoples.

x Varieties of birds are found on the coastal area. There are many species

in the Gulf of Khambhat area proving very good ground for roo

mangroves vegetation provides nesting ground to the avifauna.

x Fresh water fishes are mainly comprises of Rohu, Catla and Mrigal.

Socio-economic Environment

x The proposed lignite mines (core zone) and surrounding study area (bu

falls in two Talukas (Bhavnagar and Ghogha) of Bhavnagar district.

x The primary data was collected with the help of socio-economic sur

villages under the study area collected from Sarpanch, Talati-cum-Mavillages and through field observations whereas the Secondary data refe

generated using secondary sources, viz. census records, District

abstract, primary health centers, official records etc.

x Socio-economic survey was conducted in 9 villages out of which five v

affected by proposed mining project due to land acquirement for the lignit

x Public and Private mode of transport are available in all the villages of

area. State Buses, Private Mini trucks, Jeep, Taxis, Autos are mainly av

mode of transport in the area.

x There are 41 Primary Schools, 6 Senior Secondary Schools & 5 Higher S

Schools. There are no facilities of college education in study area.

x In all villages of study areas drinking water facility is satisfactory.

x Electricity connection is available in all the villages for domestic and c

purposes


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A Gaussian diffusion model CALINE 4 model applicable for line sources

flat and or complex / hilly terrain and an hemispherical wave propagation mode

sources are used for impact prediction.

Diversion of Seasonal Rivers/Drains/Roads

The minor drain passing through Ghogha-Surka, Malesari nadi bisecting

Surka mine, seasonal based Ramdasia nadi bisecting Khadsaliya-II, Shetr

passing through lease area, village roads passing through Ghogha-Surka, distri

and katchha road connecting villages passing through Khadsaliya-II and stat

passing through Lakhanka to Bhavnagar are to be diverted.

Adverse Impact Mitigation Measures

The R&R plan will be implemented for 14 villages to be affected due to

mining project. The recommendations made in the detailed R&R plan will

implemented as per the action plan delineated in the report.

Mechanized open cast mining will be implemented at proposed mines. T

from each mine site will be preserved at designated additional land for replacem

reclamation of mined area.

The waste water generated during mining operations and through othfacilities can be used for irrigation of various plantations after necessary treatm

the reclaimed mine area as a part of afforestation plan.

The pit water, which has to satisfy the specifications for use in agricult

should have an additional filtration unit at the downstream of the laterite walls a

the discharge point for the agriculture fields.

In Ghogha-Surka lignite bearing area the topsoil stacking is propo

recovered in a course of mining, the location of topsoil for initial two years is on

of Badi village. For Khadsaliya-II the location of topsoil preservation/stacking fo


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The waste generated from the mining operations during the first five

period is proposed to stack partially at outside dump and partially in de-lig

Outside dumps are proposed within lease areas on barren land.

The proposed overburden dumps are expected to cause land de

through soil erosion siltation of natural drains and also cause soil pollution acid

run off as well as leachates due to expected sulfur content in overburden as we

material to be dumped at identified dump sites.

Water Environment

There are no perennial rivers or any major surface water bodies

proposed mining study area, Malesari nadi and Ramadasia nadi are purely sea

become active during monsoon season. The total water required at proposed t

sites is around 170, 110 and 100 m3/day. The major source of surface water po

to mining is siltation load through surface runoff from active mining area, pumpi

pit water, and effluent generated from workshop.

The mine water generated during the lignite mine will be neutralised

depending on the requirement and will be settled to remove suspended ma

amount of water consumed for dust suppression will be around 350, 250 and 2

respectively at the three mines and the rest of treated mine water will be used

belt development within the first phase of production area. The entire m

generated will be collected at a central pond within the mine site and properly

increase the pH levels by adding the lime water.

The wastewater generated from lignite mine may be of two types i.e

eater and acidic mine drainage. Mine water are treated by suitable techniques byby adding coagulants or by using lime solution.

The total requirement of water for the proposed three lignite mines is 123

Waste water generated from the three mines is 900 m3/day.


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To study the impact of dewatering of the mine on the sea water ingres

aquifers, the SEAWAT model (A 3-dimensional groundwater model) has been

calibration for the project area. The model was calibrated as per the available i

from the area. The model indicates that though there will be decline in the gro

levels in the nearby areas, but still there are no chances of ingress of sea wat

aquifers between the mine and the sea coast due to mining.

The rainwater harvesting potential (RWH) from the mining lease area, w

general open land (Barren land), will 20% of the rainfall. The water collected

rainwater harvesting may be stored temporarily in a sump, and can be used subs

- Geologically, the lignite deposit present in the Khadsaliya formations,

permeability.

- The groundwater modeling study indicates that due to dewatering, the w

will decline in whole of the mining lease area. The area outside the mi

will also be affected, but to a lesser extent. The impact will be more to

Gulf of Khambat and less in other directions.

- There are little chances of sea water ingress due to mining in the a

groundwater mound is expected to develop between the mine and the se

- Water balance study indicates that the groundwater recharge in the thre

substantially higher than the water requirement for the mining operations

requirement of the mining activities can be met from the available gr

resources.

The domestic need of water for all the three mines is 150, 98, 8

respectively. The colony for the essential employees for mining proje

constructed at Bhavnagar and hence there is no need for sewage treatm

However, for workers on duty, separate treatment will be carried out.

wastewater will be treated in sewage treatment plant and the sludge will be


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Air Environment

The proposed lignite opencast mining is expected to use heavy equip

hydraulic excavators, loaders, dumpers and dozers which act as sources gene

pollution along with movement of vehicles within the mining area acting as line

The main air pollutants like suspended particulate matter and respirable dust

excavation and transportation operation.

Two line sources covering the mine activity site one is on lignite and an

on over burden and heavy vehicular movement areas were considered for esti

fugitive dust dispersion.

The micrometeorological data recorded on continuous basis during study

site for winter season and have been used as main source of input data for

prediction model.

Fugitive dust emissions would cause marginal impacts (as the emissions are

ground level). Impact of predicted GLC of particulate matter is negligible o

villages.

Noise Environment

As per the geotechnical studies carried out at proposed ministry, the olayers and lignite seams are soft in nature and there would be no blasting

required for entire proposed mining project. The noise generated due to mining

and movement of heavy equipments and vehicles affects the acoustical en

surrounding the mining area. The impact of these noise sources on the receiv

estimated by using sound wave propagation model describe above. The backgro

levels found within the mining area and in the adjoining villages within the 10

radius were found in the range of 43 dB(A) to 65 dB(A) during winter season.

The traffic density in the adjoining villages surrounding the proposed lig

site is low The effect of mining activity and traffic movement of dumpers/truc


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is placed on the inert overburden thus facilitating afforestation. In order to co

loss of vegetation during mining, afforestation programme will be undertaken

dumps. Native species will be selected for the afforestation.

Socio-economic Environment

The land for proposed mine sites has been to be acquired from 14

Bhavnagar and Ghogha talukas. There will be large number of PAPs/PAF

proposed land acquirement. M/s GPCL hired the services of Dr.Prafulla Ku

retired IAS Officer, to conduct the necessary study and prepare comprehen

action plan.

x GPCL will ensure that PAPs (also called PAs, AFs or PAFs) are rehabi

provided better lives and livelihoods, then the ones from which they are u

x BPL PAFs may be accorded priority in providing R&R benefits.

x GPCL recognizes that involuntary displacement of individuals from ther

livelihoods, necessitated for the development of Lignite mines for t

projects, causes immense hardships to those individuals. Well establis

and economic relationships undergo change or damage. GPCL, th

RRAP, is determined to provide at Pre-Project, Project and Post-Projbetter infrastructure-physical, environmental, economic, and social-to

than their displaced environment.

x Compensation for lands to be acquired under Land Acquisition Act, 1894

be on replacement cost principle arrived on the basis of negotiation with

and as finally declared by the LAO in the Land Acquisitions Award.

x GPCL will maximize its R&R efforts to ensure that the PAPs reap benefit

new environment through varieties of livelihood and socio-economic oppo

x GPCL will implement its objectives in transparent manner. It wil


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homesteads, livelihoods and social and economic resource base is b

through independent Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study with coope

participation of PAPs.

x The RRAP spells out what needs to be done at Pre-Project, Project

Project stages to provide a positive environment where the affecte

achieve a better standard of living with sustainable income a

infrastructure-physical, environmental, economic, and social-compare

displaced environment in pre-project stage.

x GPCL aims at a harmonious relationship with the PAFs. PAPs ha

organized to be participants in policy decisions on compensation ne

amenities and facilities to be provided to them and other issues relate

resettlement. Appropriate forums shall be created where the PAPS ca

their views on issues related to their rehabilitation and resettlement.

x The RRAP will be implemented expeditiously with the active participa

affected families.

x The special protection provided to scheduled caste, scheduled tribe

backward class (OBC) by the Constitution will be ensured by adequate

through mechanism consistent with existing laws and rules.

x The Constitutional Provisions relating to active participation of Gram Sabh

Panchayat Machinery will be followed.

x Grievance Redressal Mechanism is organized to attend to the complaint

and any failure of the land requiring body to implement its commitments.

x A monitoring mechanism with local and PAP participation is worked

RRAP will be communicated to the PAPs in local language as Gujarati.

The Company will provide compensations to PAPs under the LAA b


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5.0 Environmental Management Plan

The potential for environmental pollution during development phase is celess than the mine extraction and transportation (mining) phase. However the co

the pollution during open cast mining is of considerable importance. Detailed me

should be adopted for control of pollution during lignite mining phase.Lignite Mines Operation Phase

Land Environment

To ensure the mitigation of adverse impacts on land environment the follo

measures necessary for proposed open cast mines:

x Existing land-use, topography, drainage system, water bodies and

areas in the surrounding buffer zone should be taken into considerati

mining activities in core zone.

x Location and direction of ground water flow which may influence the fl

contaminants in the ground water

x Disturbance of native vegetation should be minimized and vegetatio

should be covered with flagging, fencing and sign postings.

x Top soil and sub soil should be carefully removed and stored separate

with native vegetation and grasses and finally used for progressive rehab

x Treatment of haulage ways and water impoundment areas within the m

reduce the dust generation as well as prevention of water/land p

surrounding area.

x Deposition of waste, residual materials, junk trash should be organized.

x Physical characteristics and nutrient status of excavated overburden

monitored


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x Mine pit water to be collected in a separate sump for settling suspend

Depending on quality, it shall be used for dust suppression or disc

natural stream or supplied for agriculture use.

x The acid mine drainage collected and stored in the mine areas

pumped out to a storage pond for necessary treatment. The trea

should be used for plantations and dust suppression/ Fire water.

x Garland drains around the mine overburden has to be provided t

seepage / drainage of surface water from overburden areas

x Creation of water storage in the opencast mines for settling of suspen

before pumping the water out of the mine.

x Provision of oil and grease traps in the maintenance workshop fo

effluents and their subsequent recycling.

x To prevent the formation of acid water mine planning should be d

incorporating reclamation of the mined area. Drainage control (both s

subsurface) by controlling water inflow by diversion of surface waters

entering into the mining area will minimise formation of acid drainage.

x The acid mine drainage generated in the proposed Khadsaliya II min

be continuously neutralised and treated to suitable use as dust suppre

greenbelt development. There should not be any contaminated wate

into the nearby nallahs.

x It has to be ensured that diesel powered mining vehicles are

maintained to minimise smoke in the exhaust emissions.

x The wastewater consisting of oil contamination from the workshop at

will be collected in a cemented tank with proper lining and emulsified


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material are controlled by water sprinkling on working zone or using w

sprays.

x The ambient air quality should be monitored on regular basis following

methodology. The main parameters to be monitored are RPM (PM10), P

SO2 and NOx.

x Vehicles are the major sources of CO emissions in mine sites. All ve

their exhausts should be well maintained and regularly tested

x Prompt removal of the dust from different sources by frequent watering o

roads has to be carried out to reduce the dust generation.

x Pitch roads should be constructed at least up to the office and other

units.

x Mining equipment and automobiles should be subjected to regular maschedule in order to reduce the exhaust emission of hydrocarbons, sm

NO2 and CO.

x Comprehensive greenbelt around overburden dumps has to be carr

reduce the fugitive dust emissions in order to create clean an

environment.

x Slope stabilization through plantation for dump sites as well as abandon

areas.

Noise Mitigation

x Proper maintenance of mining machines and improvement on design of m

x Lining of chutes in lignite handling storage plants for noise absorption.

x Acoustically designed operations cabin for heavy duty machines used at

x Onsite workers will be provided noise protection devices like ear muffs et


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Green belt development

Greenbelt is an important sink of air pollutants including noise. Gree

mining area not only help in reducing pollution level, but also improves the

conditions and prevent soil erosion to great extent.

With a view to attenuate air pollutants, to act as acoustic barrier

propagation from major sources, it is recommended to develop a 50-100 m w

belt all along the periphery of project site. From total area of 1355 ha , 914.14

711.4247 ha of Ghogha-surka, Khadsaliya-II and Khadsaliya-I mine sites abo

(31.21% of total project site), 339 ha (37.08 % of total project site) and 265 ha(

total project site) of land respectively will be delineated for greenbelt developmen

Species Selection Criteria for Plantation

Green belts may be developed with plant species suitable to the a

species, selected for greenbelt should have rapid growth, ever green, large crow

and small/pendulous leave with smooth surface. All these characteristics are diff

in a single species. Selection of species, preparation of dump, proper plantation

facility and proper caring and monitoring will be helpful for complete rest

ecosystem as well as economic and aesthetic value of the region.

Care and Monitoring

Need based fertilizers and nutrients should be supplemented to the soil b

after sapling plantation.

Planted species should be protected from grazing, illegal cutting and fell

providing tree guard or fencing.

Proper irrigation system should be developed on site so that required wa

can be maintained for survival of plants.

The growth should be monitored for increase in height girth and root pen


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Socioeconomic Environment

x The R&R plan as indicated in chapter 4 shall be implemented prior

mining activities

x Provision of employment opportunities at the site as well as in other all

activities with necessary vocational training to the local residents

x GPCL shall also duly consider implementation of CSR in surrounding (bu

villages.

x Overall development of the area including taking up of activities relate

education, marketing facilities, cultural activities, family welfare progra

mining personnel and their families as well as the local rural inhabitants.

Occupational Safety and Health

As per the mines rules and as per guideline of Director General of Min

(DGMS) Safety of employees during operation of mines to be as follows :

x Provisions of rest shelter for mine workers with facility of drinking water.

x Awareness on safety and ensure using of personal protective equipments

workers.

x Regular maintenance and testing of equipments.

x Periodical medical examination of all workers.

x First Aid facility and training to workers.

x Safety measures and risk assessment in underground mining.

x Conduct of mock drill

x Safe storage & handling of explosives.

Environment Management Cell

The total environmental protection and quality assurance has to be carr


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6.0 Addit ional Studies

Rapid Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan

The respective mining plans for proposed lignite mines does not c

details related to considerable storage and handling of any major fire haz

petroleum fuels/products. Hence the possibility of any fire hazards at propo

could also be ruled out. However the standard fire protection/fire fighting inf

facilities shall be provided at proposed Ghogha-Surka, Khadsaliya-II and K

lignite mines following the statutory requirement prescribed by Director Genera

Safety.

The environmental risk to general public would be negligible due to

mining project. The risk at proposed opencast mines would be limited purely t

occupational hazards/risks to mine workers on duty as described in the following

There are various factors, which can create disaster in mine. These haza

follow:

a) Slope failure

b) Overburden dump

c) Heavy machinery

Measures to Prevent the Danger of Overburden are as Follows:

1. A sturdy stonewall should be built around the toe of each active d

distance of about 50 m from the toe.

2. To prevent the failure of overburden slopes, especially during rain

following precautions need to be taken against this hazard:

a. Proper terracing of the dump slope, with maximum bench he

meters.


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5. While doing this, a distance of over 15 m should-be left be

overburden dump and the bench.

6. When two or more trucks are being delivered at the same time, th

mention at least two trucks.

Measures to Prevent Accidents due to Trucks and Dumpers

x All transportation within the main working should be carried out directly

supervision and control ofthe management.

x The Vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thorough

once a week by the competent person authorized for the purpos

Management.

x Road signs should be provided at each and every turning point especiaguidance ofthe drivers at the night.

x To avoid danger while reversing the trackless vehicles especial

embankment and tipping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should

possible be made man free, and.

x A statutory provision ofthe fences, constant education... training etc. wilway in reducing the incidents ofsuch accidents.

x Haul trucks should be oriented essentially perpendicular to the bre

unloading.

x Load consisting oflarge rocks must not be over the edge. This is unsaf

damage equipment. Such load must in side and perched over the edge

x Dumping of overburden or waste material by dumpers and dozers sho

certain general precautions


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may contribute to a variety of problems such as permeability due to b

in gain size with resultant buildup at pure water, and lower shea

These could result in reduced stability.

Economic Repercussions of Closure of Mine and Manpower Retrenchment

Since the mining activity is proposed to carryout by hired equipment o

basis except the statutory supervisory staff most of manpower shall be de

contractor. The statutory manpower is proposed to transfer to other operating m

option of Voluntary retirement scheme. The detail of retirement scheme is pr

submit in final mine closure plan.

Approach to Disaster Management Plan

Disaster is a sudden occurrence of hazard with a magnitude, which could

normal pattern of life in the facility and /or in vicinity causing extensive damage

/or property. The Disaster Preparedness Plan gives a clear organizational stru

elaborates the duties to be performed (including outside agencies) by each whe

demands, so as to reduce the probability/severity of community suffering an

damage. The activities among other things also include providing/help in arr

food, shelter, clothing, medical attention and other life sustaining requirements.

Planning for emergencies has to take place under following categories:

i By M/s GPCL as a precaution to the training of onsite industrial staff (On-site

i By the local authority with responsibility for the well being of residents in the

the project site (Off-site-plan)

Disaster Management / Emergency Preparedness Plan: On-Site

During an emergency in order to handle disaster / emergency situ

organizational chart entrusting responsibility to various personnel of M

composition of the management team is given below:


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i Medical Coordinator

i Occupational Health Centre

i Communication Coordinator

The responsibilities and duties of following important officials are mention

chapter 6 in detail.

Disaster Management / Emergency Preparedness Program: Off-site

Emergency is a sudden unexpected event, which can cause serious dpersonnel life, property and environment as a whole, which necessitate evolvi

Emergency Plan to combat any such eventuality. It is essential to evolve a

Control and off site Emergency Preparedness Plan to effectively make use o

resources. If it becomes necessary to evacuate people, then this can be done

way. The different agencies involved in evacuation of people are Civil Administr

state and central), non Govt. organizations, factory Inspectorate and Police a

The project proponent should become part of the offsite disaster managem

formulated in Ghogha and Bhavnagar Taluka.

A) Evacuation and Rehabil itation

An early decision is to taken in many cases of industrial accidents to

people in surrounding area. In general, public in nearby area will get very little tim

themselves. The local population will have to be warned within a very short perio

of major disaster, evacuation is to be considered depending upon the nature o

e.g. Fire, Explosion etc.

B) Action by General Public

A toxic gas release will generally threat much larger area and

exposed to the drifting cloud of toxic gases and vapours. The time available fo

population will depend on the point of release, wind direction and velocity.


39/445

i Do not engage the emergency phone lines by calling emergency serv

i Cover nose and mouth with wet cloth

i Wait for further instructions from emergency services before moving o

6.2 Potential Risk Assessment stud ies

Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), Raisan, Gandhinagar, Guja

out the Tsunami studies. The report is enclosed in Chapter 6.

Future source zones of earthquakes that can generate tsunami in the Ar

are identified based on past seismicity and gap areas along the Makran subduct

The Makran subduction zone of Iran and southern Pakistan, situated on the nor

side of the Arabian Sea, generates great but infrequent earthquakes, mud volc

tsunamis. Indus delta of Pakistan has given rise to large earthquakes in the

oldest record of tsunami is available from November 236 BC earthquake in th

Sea that set off massive sea waves in the history. Based on the long-term asse

large earthquakes in this region it is inferred that tsunamigenic earthquakes ca

near future in this region.

Furthermore, the 1945 tsunami generated due to Makran Earthqua

Arabian Sea was the most devastating tsunami in the history of the Arabian

caused severe damage to property and loss of life. It occurred on 28th Novem

21:56 UTC (03:26 IST) with a magnitude of 8.0 (Mw), originating off the Makra

Pakistan in the Arabian Sea. It has impacted as far as Mumbai in India and was

to Karnataka. More than 4,000 people were killed as a result of the earthquak

tsunami. In this report an attempt is made for a numerical simulation of th

generation from the Makran subduction zone, its propagation into the Arabian Seffect on three lignite mining deposits in Bhavnagar, Gujarat through the

numerical model, referred to as Tsunami-N2. For this purpose, we have generat

initial models using different sources near the Makran coast. With the help of


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Chapter 1

Introduc1.1 Preamble

The development of a state as well as the nation depends on agricindustrial growth. The post independence era has witnessed com

industrialization in the country including Gujarat state. Availability of lignite in Gu

has led to the establishment of lignite based industries, Thermal Power Plants

to meet the growing energy demand in industrial and agriculture sectors.

The importance of lignite for industrialization of Gujarat state was for

early as 1946 by Venkatappaiah, a Geologist of Survey of India (GSI) after he e

the lignite deposit near Umarsar village in Lakhpat Taluka of Kutch district. Th

became reality in the year 1974 when Gujarat Mineral Development Corporatio


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Chapter 1: In

delineated a 20 km long lignite belt, with 270 million tonnes of geological r

Bhavnagar district of saurashtra region. The discovery of lignite deposits in th

Ghogha and Bhavnagar talukas of Bhavnagar District, has confirmed the po

opening a lignite mine to cater to the need of local industries which are curre

lignite from faraway places like Panandhro in Kutch district and also to cater t

lignite based pit head power project.

The state of Gujarat is having deficiencies in the power generation and

exists between the indigenous generation and its demand. The coal for power

in the state is required to be transported from long distances involving heavy e

A joint venture company has been formed by Government undertaking pro

companies like GMDC, GPCL, GSFC, GNFC, GSIL, GIPCL and GACL in th

Bhavnagar Energy Company limited (BECL). This joint venture, BECL, a Gov

Gujarat undertaking company is setting up a lignite based power plant of abocapacity. The proposed lignite mines project is mainly aimed to feed the fuel for

plant.

1.2 Mining of Minerals in India

The history of mineral development is as old as the civilization. In

India, the mineral production dates back to the ancient times as the mining ac

be traced as far back as 6,000 years or so. The remains of some of the

workings are a witness to this fact. A few of these workings have led to the dis

a number of significant mineral deposits, which are being worked in the presen

Realising the significance of industrial development of the country,

Policy Resolution was promulgated in 1956 by the Central Government. Uambitious programme of developing several industries (such as steel, n

metals, cement, power, fertilizers etc.) were launched which required

quantities of minerals. Coal was the one to have received the maximum at


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Chapter 1: In

Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Assam, West Bengal, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh

also lignite deposits in Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu

deposits in southern India are in sedimentary rocks of older Gondwana formatio

in the north and north-eastern mountainous regions of the country are youn

formations.

India's coal is characterized by high ash contents, but it has a low sulph

(generally 0.5%), low iron content in ash, low chlorine content, and low trac

concentration. Coal is the dominant energy source in India, accounting for mor

of the country's requirements. 70% of the countrys coal production is used

generation, with the remainder being used by heavy industry and public use.

Lignite, a premature variety of coal is a dark brown to black combusti

formed over millions of years by the partial decomposition of plant material

increased pressure and temperature in an airless atmosphere. In simple terms,

brown coal. In its natural form, lignite is porus, light in weight and conta

percentage of moisture and volatile matters as compared to Fixed Carbon. Beca

its transportation, over long distances is uneconomical. Therefore, th

ideally suitable for running lignite based power generation plant located close to

1.3 Brief of Proposed Project

GPCL has decided to set up a lignite based power plant in the area o

Surka and Khadsaliya lignite deposit with a design capacity of 2x120 MW. I

GPCL proposed Ghogha-Surka and Khadsaliya-I lignite mines in Bhavnagar d

Ghogha-Surka 1355 h land mine plan was approved through letter dated 22.09

capacity of 1.25 million TPY. The environmental clearance was also grantedinitially in 1997 for 1.25 million TPY lignite production capacity. For Khadsaliya-I

approval was received for 0.6 million TPY on 02.06.1997. However these mine

opened.


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Chapter 1: In

other (Fig.1.2) in Bhavnagar district. The gross details of proposed lignite mi

follows:

Item Ghogha-Surka Khadsaliya-II Khadsaliy

Taluka Ghogha & Bhavnagar Ghogha Bhavnagar

Villages Malekvadar, Padva, Badi,

Hoidad, Alapar, Surka and

Rampar

Khadsaliya, Alapar,

Hatab and Bhadbhadiya,

Khadsaliya

Lakhanka

Location :

Longitude

Latitude

7201155- 72

01500 E

2103600- 21

03845 N

7201345- 72

01536 E

2103315- 21

03600 N

7201330-

2103125-

Total area of lease

(approx.)

13.55 sq.km /1355 ha. 9.14 sq.km / 914 ha. 7.11 sq.km

Gross Reserves 60.68 million tonne 22.5 million tonne 27.0 million

Mineable Reserve 54.68 million tonne 14.29 million tonne 21.60 millio

One mine pit is planned in each block. Over burden dump is planned on

land purchased by GPCL. The mining is proposed by mechanised openc

method using conventional mining equipment, hydraulic shovel and dumper co

The lignite produced proposed three mines will be transported to common stock

Khadsaliya-II) by dumpers. There will be no processing of lignite except blendin

from three mines as required before feeding to power plant.

1.4 Project Proponent

The Govt. of Gujarat established the Gujarat Power Corporation LimitedJune, 1990 in association with Gujarat Electricity Board for the purpose

investment in power sector by the private entrepreneurs. The main objective of

Power Corporation include power generation using different fuels and establis


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Chapter 1: In

power stations shall be from the income of letting necessary machineries of pow

or from the income of partnership in power stations.

1.5 Project Benefits

The proposed lignite mines project is planned to extract / produce total

TPY lignite and supply as fuel mainly to the pithead power plant of 500MW ca

negligible transportation cost. By developing lignite mines in this area, the dist

farthest industrial centre will be shortened by 200 kms. This will directly reduceconsumption on transportation of lignite to a great extent, which in itself, is in the

the nation. The start of lignite mining activities in this region will not only help th

development but it will also save lignite transportation cost to the consumers. Th

activities will also open doors for direct and indirect employment opportunity in t

effected region of Gujarat state.

1.6 Prior Environmental Clearance Process

The environmental protection is an important and essential requirem

developmental process. It shall be duly integrated at every stage in ind

economic developments to make them sustainable over long term. In this di

MoEF, Government of India formulated policies, enacted Environment (protec

1986 and stipulated regulatory procedures governing industrial and ot

developments in the country to prevent and mitigate the potential enviro

ecological hazards due to indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources. The M

prior Environmental Clearance (EC) mandatory for certain developmental proje

its notification dated 27.01.1994. This has been superseded by a fresh notific

14.09.2006, which includes scoping of environmental impact assessment stuTerms of Reference (ToR) approval, in the process of prior environmental cle

scheduled development projects (Fig.1.3).

Stage (1) Scoping

Ch t 1 I


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Chapter 1: In

are addressed as appropriate. In general the category A projects are r

undertake Public consultation. After carrying out EIA study, the project prop

submit the Draft EIA report to the respective State Pollution Control Board (

undertaking public consultation in accordance with the procedure prescribed

notification.

Stage (3) Appraisal

Detailed scrutiny of EIA study documents by the EAC of MoEF, (the

authority). The impact assessment documents include final EIA report, outc

public consultation including public hearing proceedings, reports of special stud

per approved ToR as submitted by the for grant of Environmental Clearance (EC

1.7 Approval of Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA Study

The procedure applicable forcategory A projects has been followed folignite mines projects. As per MoEF notification 2006, in the first stage of scopin

filled Form-1 covering the brief details about proposed lignite mines project,

usage of natural resources, identified mine sites as well as surrounding env

sensitivity, envisaged pollution sources, draft ToR etc. for proposed EIA st

submitted to EIA authority at MoEF, Govt. of India for ToR approval.

1.7.1 Proposed Draft ToR for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Preparation of integrated EIA report incorporating one season env

baseline data at and around the proposed mine sites, viz. Ghogha-Surka, Kh

and KhadsaliyaI in Bhavnagar district. The study will identify, predict and ev

significant environmental impacts from proposed mines project on existing env

the study area buffer zone, i.e. within 10 km radius around the proposed th

combined core zone (Fig.1.4). The study shall be carried out as per th

guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi.

Ch t 1 I


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Chapter 1: In

x The baseline scenario, the potential impacts and their evaluation will be d

based on above studies and resulting REIA report will be submitted at the

study period.

x Potential mitigative measures will be identified wherever applicable t

anticipated adverse impacts to an acceptable level. These mitigation me

post project environmental monitoring plan to check effectiveness of the E

documented as an Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Objectives of the EIA study

x Monitoring pre-project (baseline) status of air, water, land, socio-eco

biological components of the environment including noise and other par

human interest.

x Identification, quantification, prediction and evaluation of significant impproposed terminals using mathematical / simulation models.

x Identification of forest land, agricultural land, waste land, water bodies etc.

zone and surrounding buffer zone through remote sensing studies

x Preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be a

mitigation of anticipated adverse impacts.

x Delineation of the post-project environmental quality monitoring prog

pursued by GPCL, as per the requirements of the GPCB and MoEF.

Integrated EIA Report Covering One Season Baseline Data

Collection of baseline data with respect to environmental component

noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic components along with the par

human interest, prediction and evaluation of significant environmental im

formulation of detailed environmental management plan.

Chapter 1: In


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Chapter 1: In

x Collection of micro-meteorological data, viz. wind speed, wind directi

humidity and temperature.

x Identification, quantification and evaluation of potential atmospheric em

x Prediction of impacts due to atmospheric emissions from proposed

lignite mining activity through application of air quality prediction m

ISCST-3.

Noise Environment

x Assessment of present status of noise levels within the 10 km

prediction of noise impacts due to proposed opencast mining project

residential / commercial / silence zones.

x Monitoring of equivalent noise levels due to stationary and mobile sourc

x Identification and recommendation of mitigative measures for noise imp

Water Environment

x Study of existing water resources - ground water and surface water b

respect to quantity and quality within 10 km radius of the project site.

x Assessment of impacts on water quality due to the effluents lik

discharged from proposed lignite mining project

Land Environment

x Collection of data for studying landuse, cropping pattern, vegetatio

waste lands etc.

x Studies on soil characteristics around the proposed lignite mine sites

x Estimation of anticipated impacts, if any, on landuse pattern with

agriculture and forestry

Chapter 1: In


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Chapter 1: In

x Assessment of likely damage to aquatic flora and fauna due to t

activities.

Socio-economic and Health Components

x Study the details of project affected people (PAP) and families (PAF) of land loosers.

x Collection of baseline data on demography, basic amenities, emploympopulation, male to female ratio, distribution pattern under the study are

x Studies on prominent endemic diseases and mortality rates

x Projection of anticipated changes with respect to above paramdelineation of measures to minimise the adverse impacts includingsocial responsibility (CSR).

x Assessment of places of historical / archaeological importance andimpairment due to proposed mining project, if any

x Assessment of economic benefits due to proposed mining project.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

x Delineation of environmental control technologies, safeguards, etc. fo

of adverse impacts with due consideration to their cost effectivity.

x Delineation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for air, water, n

biological and socio-economic components based on identificatisignificant impacts and their evaluation.

x Delineation of post-EC / post-project environmental monitoring progra

pursued by the project proponent.

1.7.2 MoEF Approved ToR for EIA Study

The duly filled Form-1 in respect of proposed lignite mines were duly scr

the expert appraisal committee (EAC) for mining sector constituted by MoEF o

21, 2011. The EAC recommended / directed to prepare an integrated EIA

proposed three lignite mines (Ghogha Surka Khadsaliya I and Khadsaliya

Chapter 1: In


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Chapter 1: In


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R

A

T

BH

A

V

N

A

G

A

R

D

IS

T

R

IC

T

Proposed

Ghogh

a-Surka

Khadsal

iya-II

Khadsaliya-I

LigniteMines

Chapter 1: In


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p

Chapter 1: In


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Nathugadh

Badi

Budhel

Bhumbli

Bhuteshwar

Ghogha

Hatab

Khadsaliya I

Khadsaliya II

Koliyak

Lakhanka

Mamsa

Padava

Rajpara

Sanodar

Surkha

Thordi

Wavri

Odarka

Tansa

Khadarpar

Panjai

Kantala

Malesari Nadi

Ramdasia Nadi

Padva Pond

Ghogha Pond

Bhawanipura

Pithalpur

Navagam

Goridii

Kareda

Chnaya

Tarasmiya Akvada

Malanka

Avan la

Adhevada

Valukad

Nesvad

Unapadar

Ukharla

Trambak

Bhandaria

Markadi

Kukad

Mandva Jaspara

Tagdi

Malpar

Kabad

Siphan Badi

Nagdhaniba

Valespur

Marchand

Bhainswari

Lakhanka

Thalsar

Alap ur

GundiHoidad

Nava Ratanpur

Juna Ratanpur

Rampur

GHOGHA SURKA

KHADSALIYAII

KHADSALIYA I

1

2

3

4

Chapter 1: In


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Table 1.1

MoEF Approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA Study and Compl

(MoEF letter No.J-11015/202/2010-IA.II(M) Dated 23rd March, 201

S.No Approved ToRCompliances

(All Figures, Tables, Sections & Chaphere are from Draft Report of

(i) The Committee desired that a map

from a recognised institution should

be furnished whether the project fallsin CRZ (highest tide level) area and in

case it does, clearance from the CRZ

from the Gujarat CZMA would be an

essential pre-requisite for

consideration of the proposal for EC.

CRZ study in project area consisting HHTL and LTL has been done by SpaCentre, Govt. of India, Ahmedabad. lignite mines nearest distance from HHT1000 m (please refer Chapter 3, secti3.2). The project site is out of CRZ and tany project activities in CRZ area asmine plans.

(ii) An integrated EIA-EMP Report should

be prepared for a combined peak

capacity of the three lignite projectsaddressing the combined

environmental impacts of the projects

including the aspects of mineral

transportation and issues of impacts

on hydrogeology, plan for

conservation of flora/fauna and

afforestation/ plantation programme.

Baseline data collection can be forany season except monsoon. The

Committee desired that in view of the

fact that the Notification for NAAQM

standards have been revised, a fresh

baseline one-season data for the

environmental quality may be

generated as per the latest

Notifications.

An integrated EIA-EMP report has beeGhogha-Surka, Khadsaliya-II and Kha

including all the mentioned aspects. Fdata for all environmental components through field surveys during Novemb2011 and January 2012 (winter seasokm radial distance around the proposeThe results/observations are presented i

(iii) The EIA-EMP report should also cover

the environmental impacts and

management plan for the individual

project specific activities and those

As per the approved mine plans, Ghogha-Surka (2.25 MMTPA), KhadMMTPA) and Khadsaliya-I (1.00 MMTPAwill have independent opencast mine p

ith l t i i ti iti d

Chapter 1: In


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(iv) A map specifying locations of the

State, District and Project location.

Project location key map and project smaps are included in Chapter 1 as Figspage # 1.11 & 1.12

(v) A Study area map of the core zone

and 10km area of the buffer clearly

delineating the major topographical

features such as the land use,

ecologically sensitive areas such as

Biosphere Reserves/National

Parks/WL Sanctuaries/ Elephant

Reserves, forests

(Reserved/Protected), migratory

corridors of fauna, and areas where

endangered fauna and plants of

medicinal and economic importance

are found in the area, surface

drainage of

rivers/streams/nalas/canals, locations

of human habitations, major

constructions including railways,

roads, pipelines, major

industries/mines and other polluting

sources.

Study area map consisting core zone aare depicted in Fig.1.4, Page#1.14 of per survey of India topo sheets (1:50,0is no reserved/protected forest or sensitive within areas 15 km radial dproposed lignite mine sites.

(vi) Land use map (1: 50,000 or 100,000)

based on a recent satellite imagery of

the study area may also be provided

with explanatory note of the land use.

The pre-project (baseline) landuse/landcproposed mine lease areas (core zone) are delineated through available datarecords as well as by satellite imagery

analysis. Please refer Chapter 3,(page#3.9 to 3.12), Tables 3.2.8 (Page#.3.25 to 3.30), Figs.3.2.2, 3.2.(Page # 3.1.14, 3.1.15, 3.1.16, 3.1.17)

(vii) Map showing the core zone

delineating the agricultural land

(irrigated and irrigated, uncultivable

land (as defined in the revenue

records), forest areas (as perrecords).

There is no forest area in core zonareas). It consists Govt. land, private railands with irrigation borwells, commograzing/pasture land and residential dwreferChapter 3, section3.2.6.4 (page

Tables 3.2.9, 3.2.10 (Page#.3.2Figs. 3.2.4, 3.2.5 ( Page #, 3.1.16, 3.1.1

(viii) Details of Original land use

(agricultural land/forestland/grazing

land/wasteland/water bodies) of the

As explained in above ToR items vi & vChapter 3, section 3.1 and (Page#.3.18), 3.2.8 (Page#.3.25)

Chapter 1: In


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(within and adjacent to the ML),

undisturbed area and if any, in

topography such as existing roads,drains/natural water bodies are to be

left undisturbed along with any natural

drainage adjoining the lease/project

and modification of thereof in terms of

construction of embankments/bunds,

proposed diversion/rechannelling of

the water courses, etc., approach

roads, major haul roads, etc.(x) Break up of lease/project area as per

different land uses and their stage of

acquisition.

Please refer Chapter 2, Section 2.3Chapter 3 , Table 3.2.1 (Page#.3.18)

(xi) Break-up of lease/project area as per

mining operations.

Please referChapter 2Section 2.11 (PChapter 4Section 4.1

(xii) Impact of changes in the land use due

to the start of the combined projects

since much of the land being acquiredis agricultural land.

Please referChapter 4

(xiii) Collection of one-season (non-

monsoon) primary base-line data on

environmental quality - air (PM10,

PM2.5, SOx and NOx), noise, water

(surface and groundwater), soil.

Please referChapter 3, section 3.2 (PaFig. 3.2.1 (Page # 3.13), Table 3.2.2-3.3.22), Section3.3 (Page # 3.31 to 3.52(Page # 3.53 - 3.59), Section 3.5 (Page

(xiv) Map of the study area (core and buffer

zone clearly delineating the location ofvarious stations superimposed with

location of habitats, other

industries/mines, pouting sources.

The number and location of the

stations should be selected on the

basis of the proposed impacts in the

downwind (air)/downstream (surface

water)/groundwater regime (based on

flow). One station should be in the

upwind/upstream/non-impact/non-

polluting area as a control station. The

monitoring should be as per CPCB

The study area map (base map), consis

and surrounding 5 km, 10 km distance bbeen prepared from Survey of Ind(1:50,000 scale), which invariably coroads, sensitive areas etc. The samplocations for different components of esuperimposed over the above mentionbase map. The sampling locations for LaNoise, Biology and Socioeconomic Figs.3.2.1 (page # 3.13), 3.3.1 (page

(page # 3.56), 3.51 (page # 3.62),, 3.61and 3.7.1 (page # 3.90). The air quality carried out as per prevailing windrepresentation of background leveparameters and the respective standardfollowed in baseline data monitoring.

Chapter 1: In


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(xvi) Details of mineral reserves, geological

status of the study are and the seams

to be worked, ultimate working depthand progressive stage-wise working

scheme until end of mine life should

be reflected on the basis of the

approved rated capacity and calendar

plans of production from the approved

Mining Plan. Geological maps should

be included.

The comprehensive details related to lunderground geological strata, ultimate pits etc. are included in respective

approved by Govt. of India for Khadsaliya-II and Khadsaliya-I. the suindividual mine lease area details erespective mining plans are provided inthis EIA report. Please refer Chapter 2.7(Pages # 2.4-2.16) and Table 2.2Table 2.5 - 2.7 (Pages # 2.47-2.49) Fig # 2.28-2.29)

(xvii) Details of mining methods,technology, equipment to be used,

etc. rationale for selection of that

technology and equipment proposed

to be used vis--vis the potential

impacts. The Committee observed

that Khadsaliya block areas could

have a high sulphur and pyrite content

which may require to be addressed atthe EIA stage and if present, a

treatment plant would require to be

established.

The details regarding mining alternatmining technology etc. are given in inplans approved for Ghogha-Surka, KKhadsaliya-I lignite mines. The extractedata are included in Chapter 2 of thPlease refer Chapter 2 Section 2.6 (PSection 2.8 (page 2.16-2.19). The quapresented in Section 2.5.1 (page # 2.6(Page # 2.46).

The impact envisage due to high sulphbeen identified in the form of acidic which shall be treated appropriately before reuse or final discharge.

(xviii) The Committee noted that a river is

running along the Khadsaliya Blocks.

Impact of mining on hydrology,

modification of natural drainage,

diversion and channelling of the

existing rivers/water courses flowing

though the ML and adjoining the

lease/project and the impact on the

existing users and impacts of mining

operations thereon.

The total mine lease area (3 mines) cnadi, Ramadasia nadi and multiple dirrigation canal (all are seasonal) aparroads, which require diversions. The de

proposed diversions with minimal impacvillages, are given in Chapter 4 section4.3-4.5).

(xix) Detailed water balance should be

provided. The breakup of water

requirement for each the mine

operations should be given

separately.

The estimated water demand, wastewincluding mine pit drainage, necessary

proposed reuse (water balance) are givesection 4.4.2 (pages # 4.11-4.16).

(xx) Source of water for use in mine,

sanction of the competent authority in

Initially water requirement (very low) in tproposed mines is planned to be me

Chapter 1: In


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water ingress and cutting into

groundwater aquifer shall be studied.

Details of rainwater harvesting andmeasures for recharge of groundwater

should be reflected.

(xxii) Impact of blasting, noise and

vibrations.

The entire strata consisting overburden, interburden in proposed mining area (coin nature and clayey in texture as per thegeotechnical studies. This area does notdrilling and blasting for lignite extraction directly excavated by only hydraulic exca

the blasting impact is not envisaged. Prenoise impacts due to heavy earth moverChapter 4, section 4.4.4 (page # 4.41

(xxiii) Impacts of mining on the AAQ,

predictive modelling including ISCT-3

(Revised) or latest model available..

The air quality impacts due to fugitivemine pits as well as on haul roads have by application Fugitive Dust Model (FDM4 models. The results are given in Cha4.4.3 (page # 4.32-4.40). As per the prthe AAQ impacts will be insignificant

villages from proposed mining activitiebe further mitigated through implementadust suppression, tree plandevelopment), slope stabilisation througetc.

(xxiv) The Committee desired that the option

of coal evacuation by rail/conveyor

mode instead of by road should be

examined. Impacts of mineral

transportation within and outside the

lease/project along with flow-chart.

Impacts of transportation, handling,

transfer of mineral and waste on air

quality, generation of effluents from

workshop, management plan for

maintenance of HEMM, machinery,

equipment. Details of various facilities

to be provided in terms of parking, rest

areas, canteen, and effluents/pollution

load from these activities.

As per the approved mining plans tplanned to produce (4.0 MMTPA) at pwill be transported by closed conveyor pithead power plant.

The effluents, mined pits drainage is pand reuse at the proposed mines. Thfacilities as provided in approved mininprovide by GPCL

(xxv) Details of waste generation OB,

topsoil as per the approved calendar

Please refer Chapter 2, section 2.8.1 2 17) Table 2 6 (page # 2 48) 2 7 (pa

Chapter 1: In

( i) Fl h t f t b l E ti t d t t ti t t


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(xxvi) Flow chart of water balance.

Treatment of effluents from workshop,

township, domestic wastewater, mine

water discharge, treatment details,

etc. Details of STP in colony and ETP

in mine. Recycling of water to the

max. possible extent.

Estimated wastewater generation, treatmfor dust suppression and tree plantatiowater balance details are given Cha

4.4.2 (pages # 4.11 4.16 ) and Figs. 4(pages # 4.17 4.19)

(xxvii) Occupational health issues. Baseline

data on the health of the population

and measures for occupational health

and safety of the personnel andmanpower for the mine.

Proposed project is for development mines. The occupational risks and healtrelated to mainly land sliding in opencadumpers, tippers, trucks slippery acc

roads, OB dump sites etc.. Necessary sas per DGMS stipulations are to be striproposed mines. A full fledged occucentre/hospital shall be implemented aas common facility for all three pulmonary, bronchial etc. checkups tundertaken for the mining workers. Newill be provided to all workers along safety awareness training programmes.

(xxviii) Impact and management of wastesand issues of rehandling and

backfilling and progressive mine

closure and reclamation.

Preservation of fertile top soil separatelof OB and inter burden (IB) at pre-identinitially and after 3

rdyear of mining oper

reclamation using OB/IB and preservedlayer tree plantation will be stated progre

(xxix) Disaster Management Plan. As per approved mine plans, therstorage/handling of explosives/fire hazaat proposed mines. Hence, public/envassessment/disaster management

applicable at proposed mines(xxx) Integrating in the Env. Management

Plan with measures for minimising use

of natural resources - water, land,

energy, etc.

Please referChapter 5, section 5.

(xxxi) Progressive Green belt and

afforestation plan (both in text, figures

as well as in tables) and reasons for

selection of species for theafforestation/plantation programme.

The progressive land reclamation, tdetails are provided in approved miindividual mines. Summary is provided

as well as Chapter 4.

Necessary recommendations regaguidelines, species selection, pre-projecneighbour villages etc. are includedChapter 5

Chapter 1: In

recurring) in the project cost and for well as recurring costs are given on Pag


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recurring) in the project cost and for

progressive and final mine closure

plan.

well as recurring costs are given on Pag

(xxxv) Details of R&R. Detailed R&R Plan

with data on the existing socio-

economic status of the population in

the study area and broad plan for

resettlement of the displaced

population, site for the resettlement

colony, alternate livelihood

concerns/employment for thedisplaced people, civic and housing

amenities being offered, etc and the

schedule of the implementation of the

R&R Plan.

A detailed R&R plan has been prepared Retd. IAS officer based on the socioecoproject affected families (47). It includesimplementation through internalization process and also monitoring mechsummary of R&R plan is included section 4.4.6.1

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