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Elemental Geoconsulting Limited Report i

Executive summary The Regional Groundwater Forum, (RGWF), composed of regional and unitary council technical staff and a representative from the Resource Managers Group 3, obtained Envirolink funding in 2012 to allow the production of this report. The report aims are to identify research needs to support development of a national groundwater strategy and to assist the RGWF and individual councils to prioritise research needs.4

This report contains technical research suggestions, along with appendices containing current and recent research undertaken by both the councils and research providers. The report incorporates only groundwater issues but recognises that surface water issues are to a large part inseparable from them. Accordingly, this report has been shared with a parallel special interest group, known as SWIM5 that deals with surface water integrated management matters.

The range of research suggestions indicates that there is a particular need to provide tools for determining land-use effects on groundwater and surface water quality. The bulk of these suggestions involve research, at a national scale, generally relating to the application, transformation, transport, and fate of nutrients, which is often driven by receiving surface water quality concerns. We anticipate that this type of water quality research will inform and support allocation limit setting and revision with well understood uncertainty. Despite ongoing research there is currently only limited knowledge confirmed by monitoring of whether nutrient and quantity allocation limits are sustainable. It is an ongoing need nationally to develop better knowledge to inform refinement of allocations prior to setting an effective sustainable allocation policies for groundwater quality and quantity at the regional level.

The RGWF suggestions also indicate that there is still an urgent need for more detailed data assessment to inform the science and policy setting and field verification of a sustainable water quantity allocation, using an adaptive, precautionary approach. A sustainable allocation is highly dependent upon recharge, net groundwater abstraction and surface flow data, none of which are precisely known; this uncertainty needs to be incorporated into the decision-making. In an era of competing requirements for a limited water budget, uncertainties in that budget mean that some allocations may be too stringent or too lax, and so there is a high risk that protection of users and environmental values is suboptimal. These suggestions are similar to those recognised in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.

The eight critical research issues are in order of decreasing importance:

1. Establishing ecologically-sustainable nutrient allocation and establishing the time lag to

reverse adverse nutrient effects.

2. Establishing the transport and fate of nutrients and pathogens in a variety of groundwater and

hydraulically-connected surface water environments.

3. Effects of groundwater abstraction on surface water in-stream values.

4. Establishing sustainable groundwater allocation limits.

5. Vulnerability of groundwater and supply bores to land use.

6. Setting water quality baselines or reference states.

7. Making good management decisions around abstraction of hydrocarbons.

8. Saline intrusion risk in an environment of rising sea levels.

3 Plus Ministry for the Environment officials, where appropriate. 4 It is noted that priority ‘is in the eye of the beholder’; with council-specific needs changing based on political,

resource consent applications and other factors. Therefore, while this report attempts to create a specific list of priority issues, these may change with time.

5 This and other acronyms are detailed in the glossary at the rear of the contents (page iii).

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Elemental Geoconsulting Limited Report iii

Table of contents Executive summary .................................................................................................... i

1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Previous strategies and associated documents ............................................................. 1

1.2 Key objectives ................................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Outcome and deliverables .............................................................................................. 2

1.4 Proposed scope of work ................................................................................................. 3

1.5 Methods used ................................................................................................................. 3

2 Review of current and recent research ......................................................... 7

2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Groundwater quality ........................................................................................................ 7

2.3 Groundwater quantity ..................................................................................................... 8

3 Research needs .............................................................................................. 9

3.1 Prioritisation of research topics ....................................................................................... 9 3.1.1 Decision criteria for setting priorities ................................................................ 10 3.1.2 Issues association with prioritisation ................................................................ 10

3.2 Groundwater quality ...................................................................................................... 11

3.3 Groundwater quantity ................................................................................................... 13

3.4 General water resource issues ..................................................................................... 14

3.5 Types of research end-product ..................................................................................... 15

3.6 Discussion on significance of research priorities .......................................................... 15

3.7 Research areas of interest ............................................................................................ 16 3.7.1 National versus local funding of science .......................................................... 16

3.8 Research project level of effort and time spent ............................................................ 16

3.9 Current and emerging issues ........................................................................................ 21

3.10 Research priorities in other countries ........................................................................... 21

3.11 Example of setting a research priority .......................................................................... 22

3.12 To what extent are the research suggestions already being studied? ......................... 23

4 Stakeholder engagement ............................................................................. 25

4.1 Ministry for the Environment ......................................................................................... 25

4.2 Discussions with research providers regarding communication with end-users .......... 25 4.2.1 Independent ..................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2 Crown Research Institute (CRI) ....................................................................... 27

4.3 Councils (end-users) ..................................................................................................... 27

4.4 Methods of communication of the results of the research to the end-user(s) .............. 28 4.4.1 Journal articles ................................................................................................. 28 4.4.2 NZ Hydrological Society and other society conferences and workshops ........ 28 4.4.3 End-user groups .............................................................................................. 29 4.4.4 Provider visits / meetings / messages ............................................................. 30

4.5 The process from science to policy .............................................................................. 31


Elemental Geoconsulting Limited Report iv

4.5.1 Efficiency and effectiveness of communication ............................................... 31 4.5.2 How could the communication process be improved? .................................... 31 4.5.3 What changes have councils made to improve communication of research

results from providers? .................................................................................... 31 4.5.4 Implementing research science within a planning context .............................. 32

4.6 Councils which do not ordinarily use external research providers ............................... 33

4.7 Effects of the recent change in research funding mechanism ...................................... 33

4.8 Issues relating to communication between end-users and research providers ........... 34

5 Conclusions and Solutions .......................................................................... 37

5.1 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 37

5.2 Solutions to Communication Issues .............................................................................. 38

6 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 39

7 List of appendices ........................................................................................ 39

List of Tables Table 1: Research priorities. .................................................................................................................. 19

Table 2: Examples of research priorities in other countries. .................................................................. 21

List of Figures Figure 1: The research spectrum and the contents of this report. ........................................................... 4

Figure 2: Relationships between climate, land use and water use and their effects. .............................. 5

Figure 3: Un-prioritised high-level research topics and themes. ............................................................ 18

Figure 4 Research priorities in the United Kingdom (copied from reference footnote 22). .................... 22

Figure 5: Research prioritisation process - 3 year cycle (copied from Appendix D) .............................. 23

Figure 6: Prioritised research topics with indicative time frames. .......................................................... 23

Glossary CRI: Crown Research Institute

FRST: Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (precursor to MSI and now, MBIE)

IRAP: Integrated Research for Aquifer Protection

MAV: Maximum Acceptable Value in New Zealand Drinking Water Standards

MBIE: Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment

MfE: Ministry for the Environment

MPI: Ministry for Primary Industries (formerly MAF)

MSI: Ministry of Science and Innovation

RGWF: Regional Groundwater Forum

SIG: Special Interest Group, the Regional Groundwater Forum is one SIG

SWIM: Surface Water Integrated Management


Elemental Geoconsulting Limited Report 1

1 Introduction

This report, commissioned by the Regional Groundwater Forum6 (RGWF), describes groundwater

research needs and knowledge transfer. The Forum’s members are regional and unitary council

technical staff with responsibilities for groundwater management. Production of the report has been

funded by Envirolink. The original scope for this project is attached to this document as Appendix A7.

It is noted that this work contributes to development of a groundwater research strategy. It discusses

the process and potential design as well as summarising research to date.

1.1 Previous strategies and associated documents Lowry et al.8 undertook a Management Gaps Analysis: A Case Study of Groundwater Resource

Management in New Zealand in 2003 but this important and valuable document is not freely available

in New Zealand. Their analysis indicated that groundwater management in New Zealand is generally

reactionary with gaps relating to strategic planning, national guidelines, information, and

implementation issues. In some cases there are gaps in the understanding of fundamental processes

within an aquifer system, including those related to long-term effects of land use on groundwater

quality. An adaptive management approach was suggested as a means of closing these gaps. The

Lowry et al. (2003) document would have been attached to this report as an appendix, a useful

reference, but it is still in copyright to Taylor and Francis, so cannot be re-distributed without a royalty

fee. A recommendation relating to this type of situation is made later in this document.

In 2010, the RGWF provided a response to a Foundation for Research, Science and Technology

(FRST), a precursor to MSI9 and now, MBIE) request for feedback on their groundwater research

needs (Appendix B). In addition, in 2011, a document entitled: "Special Interest Groups Research

Priorities (Plus Original Critical Issues & Research Needs Extracted from 2009 Regional Council

RS&T Strategy)", included here as Appendix C, was produced, to be read in conjunction with the draft

2011 Regional Council Research, Science & Technology Strategy (Appendix D).

Most recently, in May 2012, the SIG proposed a number of topics and associated research questions

in spreadsheet format, included here as Appendix E. Since there is an expectation from MBIE that

SIGs are a major avenue for identifying and prioritising research needs, the SIG recognised that it

needed a more cohesive and comprehensive approach to identify research requirements. Bill Dyck,

the Envirolink Coordinator, advocated for the SIG to apply to Envirolink for funding to secure additional

support in achieving this goal.

The general character and content of the previous (existing) research needs documents mentioned

herein is not significantly different from current research needs described in this document.

6 A Special Interest Group reporting to the Resource Managers Group of regional and unitary councils. 7 Page size has meant that all appendices are presented as separate electronic files issued with this strategy document. 8

Lowry, T., Bright, J., Close M., Robb, C., White, P., Cameron, S. 2003: Management Gaps Analysis: A Case Study of Groundwater Resource Management in New Zealand; Water Resources Development, 19, 579–592. (Cost: US$37.00)

9 All acronyms used are listed in a Glossary at the front of the report.



1.2 Key objectives Given that the regional and unitary councils have statutory responsibility for managing water

resources, a Groundwater Research Strategy would primarily consider their needs and those of

national importance when setting priorities. The key objectives of this report include:

create a “stock take” of groundwater research recently conducted and presently underway,

building on data already collated by the Forum,

review potential mechanisms for prioritising research and provide recommendations with an

example,

provide an indication of the length of time required to investigate each research issue (short-

long term) to assist with matching appropriate funding and briefly describe the skill set(s)

required to undertake the research,

provide recommendations about the mechanism and frequency of review of a research

strategy document. It is noted that these objectives are also explicit or implied in several

recommendations within the 3rd Report of the Land & Water Forum10, specifically

recommendations 62 and 63 and within the text of the report such as paragraphs 261 et seq.

and 268 et seq., these are presented in Appendix F.

1.3 Outcome and deliverables The proposed outcome of this project is to provide guidance to the RGWF and to funding agencies,

research providers and other stakeholders. These needs are to be clearly outlined and understood.

This report should help guide future research proposals and facilitate funding strategies for central

government and other agencies.

The contributions from the council staff indicate that as part of integrated catchment management, two

main issues confront the communities that utilise and value groundwater, water quality and allocation

of water. These issues are:

1. How can water resources be effectively and sustainably allocated between competing uses?

2. How can defensible groundwater quality targets be set to provide acceptable long-term

environmental outcomes while enabling appropriate community-desired land-use?

These two issues are not significantly different from those identified in previous documents detailing

potential groundwater research projects. It is anticipated that details of these research topics may be

used to guide development of a groundwater strategy that will provide additional information to assist

in the answering of these questions. It became clear during the course of this study that effective

dissemination of past and current research deliverables is not as effective as it should be. Potential

solutions to challenge this issue are discussed and recommendations made. For the purposes of this

report, surface water is considered along with groundwater as part of catchment management.

10 Forum set up by New Zealand Government to facilitate discussions about the reform of water management, see:

http://www.landandwater.org.nz/



Research topics relating to surface water are being assessed by a parallel process, involving surface

water scientists who belong to the Surface Water Integrated Management group (SWIM)

1.4 Proposed scope of work This report includes:

an inventory of all groundwater research currently or recently being conducted by or on behalf

of regional councils and central government with specifics about who the end users are for the

research,

a brief review of potential mechanisms for prioritising research with recommendations,

lists of prioritised research topics along with notation of the skills required to undertake the

work, and an indication of the likely end-user,

indications of the length of time required for the research before tangible results will be

available for uptake,

where evident, cross-referencing current or recent research with proposed research topics.

The contributions do not identify preferred research provider(s), recognising that staffing changes

affect the institutional capacity of providers and that some research topics may require international

collaboration or contribution, and to avoid conflict of interest. However, some research suggestions

are already being worked on to some degree by some providers and these have been identified.

The contributions have focussed on work that enables central and local government authorities to

deliver on their responsibilities in water management11.

It is recommended that a way is found to ensure that this document is a 'living' contribution to a

continuously updated groundwater strategy, capable of evolving in a dynamic fashion as research is

completed and new issues arise.

1.5 Methods used Contact with regional councils, universities, Crown Research Institutes and central government to

confirm what research has been carried out by them that is completed, in progress, or planned.

Review and discussions with regional councils and central government to understand key drivers such

as:

statutory responsibilities,

development of National Environmental Standards,

direction(s) indicated by the Land and Water Forum report,

Maori and iwi issues, Treaty of Waitangi obligations,

budget constraints, and

views regarding research needs/gaps.

Review and contact with research providers to:

11 Section 30 of the Resource Management Act (1991).



clarify what work has been done or may already be underway will also be required.

provide insights into what is feasible and how research topics may be classified on the

continuum from ‘blue skies’ pure research to ‘technological stretch' applied research (provide

insights into the success of the research in informing or assisting the end-user.

Figure 1: The research spectrum and the contents of this report.

Figure 1 indicates that pure 'blue skies' research and simple data collection are not addressed in this

report as research. In this respect, blue skies research may provide new tools and methods to apply

to research questions. There is an overlap between more advanced data collection that requires the

development of new methods, and 'technological stretch'. In the Regional Council RS&T Strategy

document, dated September 2011 (Appendix D), a number of specific areas or types of research were

developed, some of these are incorporated into Figure 2.

Discussions with councils and research providers or research users have been undertaken in a

structured way with a prepared list of questions or a spreadsheet designed to elicit the desired

information efficiently and promote similar levels of response.

During development of this report, the consultant briefly discussed the project with Karen Bell, the

equivalent consultant supporting the Surface Water Integrated Management (SWIM) group, which is

also developing contributions to a research strategy. Where appropriate, research issues that

acknowledge the integrated nature of groundwater and surface water resources will be highlighted as

well as the role of water resources in a wider context.

The main water research providers other than some of the regional and unitary councils themselves

include:

1. Crown Research Institutes (NIWA, Landcare, GNS, and ESR, Plant & Food, Ag Research

Limited, Industrial Research Limited);

2. private or independent providers such as Aqualinc Research, Cawthron Institute, and Lincoln

Agritech (formerly Lincoln Ventures);

3. Universities and other tertiary education organisations,

Scope of research considered in this document

Information Applied Pure & data collection research research Inventories Monitoring Field experiment Predictive science Method & model Applications & decision-support tools development

--------- Known management requirements---------------------

--------------------------------Evaluation of emerging and new issues--------



4. Ministry for Primary Industries, and;

5. Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment (in particular the section which was formerly

Ministry of Economic Development (Petroleum12 and Minerals); this is not to be confused with

MBIE in its role as a funder of research)

All of these organisations are potentially, currently, or have in the past been stakeholders in

groundwater-related issues and continue to be active in the water resource field.

This report is not simply a list of topics but has, where appropriate, identified themes of issues that

may change over time and for which New Zealand must be ready (e.g., Maori and iwi issues, climate

change and sea level rise, water supply, population and or demand changes, bio-security, market-

driven changes in crop type).

Land use issues have been included within the lists of potential research topics for reason that most, if

not all of the water management issues, can be tied back to land use. What happens on the land

dictates the needs for volumes of water and also influences water quality. This strategy document

has attempted to show the links between land use and effects on water quality and quantity as

presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Relationships between climate, land use and water use and their effects.

12 Note that the inclusive term 'hydrocarbon' is used in this report (natural gas, petroleum and oil-shale), not

'petroleum', which relates only to liquid.

Water use (rainfall, evapotranspiration,

irrigation)

Effects on groundwater (levels and

quality)

Effects on surface water (flows and

ecological habitat)

Land use (crop type,

soil)

Hydrocarbon abstraction Effects on

groundwater users (drawdown

& reliability)

Climate and climatic

variability



Only very few ecological issues have been specifically included. Work undertaken by NIWA in

groundwater-dependent ecosystems and connections with SWIM on surface water quality (such as

springs which are a surface expression of groundwater) is acknowledged. It is expected that the

companion surface water research report will contain more detail on this type of research. Arguments

are presented elsewhere in this report supporting the notion that groundwater and surface water

should be treated as an integrated resource. Ideally, research into water resources should

acknowledge this interconnection.



2 Review of current and recent research

2.1 Introduction This Envirolink project has obtained electronic access to lists of research topics and reports that have

been used for the development of previous contributions to a groundwater strategy, in order that this

aspect of the work is not duplicated. Some organisations13 helpfully provide an on-line searchable

'research commons' database tool. This type of tool is invaluable and is to be recommended to other

organisations that had to undertake specific searches in order to provide the information required for

this project. Lists of current and recent research carried out by regional councils are contained in

Appendix G, with research undertaken by universities and other research organisations, in Appendix

H.

Research by, or for councils over the last decade is listed in Appendix G. The titles of the research

reports indicate that most of the research is site-specific rather than having general (national)

application. Nonetheless, some of the research could be extended to different areas of the country.

Examples of recent regional council research are also typically represented over the last decade of

groundwater research and are presented in Appendix J. Reports issued within the last year have

focussed on allocation, water quality, state of the environment, water age, and groundwater-surface

water connection issues.

This report documents a selection of current and recently-completed research topics carried out

largely by research organisations including: ESR, Aqualinc Research, GNS Science, AgResearch and

Lincoln Agritech (Appendix H). These research topics are publically-available on the Ministry for

Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) Science+Innovation and MPI websites. Research by or

for regional councils, including: Otago, Hawke's Bay, Environment Waikato (Appendix G) has been

sourced directly from the council staff or from their public websites.

Groundwater quantity and quality issues are commonly connected to parallel issues in surface water.

Potential projects with data input or output related to surface water are marked as 'cross-referenced

with SWIM'. 'Surface Water Integrated Management', is the council special interest group dealing with

surface water issues.

2.2 Groundwater quality In order to put the proposed research topics into historical context, Appendix K includes a number of

research topics carried out, or currently being worked on, by or for councils or central government over

the last few years and their availability as determined from a simple website search. This list shows

that some of the topics proposed in Section 3 of this report, have been partially, or are already being

addressed; research provider identification has been removed.

13 e.g.: Canterbury Regional Council, Environment Southland, Universities, GNS Science.



2.3 Groundwater quantity Similarly, in order to put the proposed research topics into historical context, Appendix K includes a

number of research topics carried out, or currently being worked on, by or for councils or central

government over the last few years and their availability as determined from a simple website search.

This list shows that some of the topics proposed in Section 3 of this report, have been partially or are

already being addressed. To avoid partiality, research consultant identification has been removed.

Searching of these databases indicates that Christchurch earthquake-related work currently being

undertaken has not been suggested by the SIG despite the fact that it will likely have national

implications and application.



3 Research needs In late 2012, most members of the SIG identified critical issues relating to both groundwater quality

and quantity. Despite the incomplete response, it is clear from review by all SIG members that the list

is as complete as it can be in a varying environment.

These issues are listed, along with their respective research needs in this section. A full listing of

individual suggestions is located in Appendix I, cross-referenced to the issues and research needs.

Note that a number of research issues are site-specific research for that region rather than being

critical groundwater research that can assist all councils. Where appropriate, effects relating to

surface water issues are highlighted with the addition of text: 'cross-reference with SWIM'. It is

worthwhile emphasising that almost all groundwater issues are causally related to land use and in turn

have significant impacts on surface water; the two faces of the water resource are inseparable. In

addition, there are two faces of uncertainty inextricably involved with water management: climate

science and water resource planning methods that may be too reliant on the status quo14. It is

worthwhile acknowledging the wise words of the Canadian philosopher, John Ralston Saul, in 1997:

"Strategy is about marrying ideas and capabilities with intuition and daring." Any groundwater

research strategy needs to take into account changes in: community goals and ideal scenarios that

are variously affected by population growth and distribution, land use, renewable energy supply, and

economic imperatives. These variables are also likely to be influenced by the national response to

climate change.

3.1 Prioritisation of research topics A search of the internet indicates that research priorities are generally set nationally, or regionally

(States in Australia, Provinces in Canada). Furthermore, in countries other than New Zealand, such

as Australia and Canada, research needs and the setting of research priorities have been determined

at state and national workshops (refer to Section 3.10 in this report).

In New Zealand, the pool of needs and research issues is relatively small and most regional councils

do not have sufficient funding to undertake and fund major research projects; hence, national funding

and priorities are appropriate. It may be argued that research providers also are a stakeholder in the

setting of priorities in that they have a knowledge of what has been achieved and what still is required.

For example, in the United Kingdom, the local municipalities known as 'counties' are the end-users,

but the British Geological Survey, that carries out much of the work, has, in some cases, set the

priorities.

In New Zealand, mechanisms for setting priorities include discussions and workshops involving the

end-users, with, or without research providers and representatives from appropriate government

ministries (MfE, MBIE, MSI, and MPI).

For the purposes of this report, the information provided by the Council officers who responded to

requests for priorities likely reflect those dictated by their council’s planning and consenting situation.

14 http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000188



Individual council needs will be different and this difference influences any determination of priority in

this document. If the need of a council rises above local or regional interests at any given time, then

the groundwater research need may be considered nationally important.

3.1.1 Decision criteria for setting priorities Specific projects or research themes that fit within the high level topics are shown in Figure 3 and

have been awarded a priority higher than projects have local significance. At a Groundwater Forum

meeting in Wellington in May 2013, council members indicated general agreement with the priorities

indicated in a draft version of this report. The priorities indicated in Table 1 and Figure 6 reflect this

ranking scheme.

3.1.2 Issues association with prioritisation Even if the perceived local need for research work is not significant on a larger scale, work undertaken

within or for one area of the country can help inform an issue whenever it becomes important for

another region. Water is a resource underpinning national benefit; therefore, a council community

needs all the information, especially on uncertainty, that is potentially available. Communities benefit

from having robust science to underpin their management decisions. While priority assigned to a

particular piece of research may be dictated by the funding source, this priority may not be the same

as that determined by potential recipients of research.

For both water quality and water quantity and general water issues, the issues raised have been

reviewed for order of significance by members of the SIG.

None of the proposed research topics can be reasonably construed as 'blue-skies' or pure research

(Figure 1), perhaps because groundwater management is a practical challenge for most providers and

end-users; alternatively, it may simply be that practitioners lack the time for contemplation of issues.

Furthermore, there is commonly an instant demand for solutions to current issues from the community

to which Council technical staff have to respond. The reality is that scientific research typically takes

substantial time (hypothesis, data collection & analysis, drawing of conclusions, etc.), when compared

to, say, engineering, which is a more straightforward design and build process.

Many of the 91 suggested research topics are considered to be application of technical methods or

answers to urgent specific questions relating to allocation and nutrient management similar to those

currently or recently worked on. These projects some would call a 'technical stretch'. There had been

considerable overlap between some of the research suggestions and while clear duplications have

been removed, area-specific topics have generally been retained. Many of the topics suggested have

specific areas in mind, but some are clearly national-scale issues.

A general description of the proposed research topics is encapsulated by the following statement:

quantification on a catchment and smaller scale of the long-term sustainable allocation of

groundwater and surface water while protecting overall groundwater quality and associated in-

stream values of surface water.



It needs to be acknowledged that this statement does not reflect the development of land use effects

on water quality where water allocation is not involved.

This document presents the determination, from a comparison of current research titles contained in

Appendix H with the proposals in Appendix I, that many of the proposed research needs are

apparently partially addressed by current projects, perhaps because outcomes are described only in

general terms.

In the Sections 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 that follow, groundwater issues are subdivided into three groups: quality,

quantity, and general issues and numbered sequentially from 1 to 13. Research needs for each issue

are numbered sequentially (e.g. 3-2, 13-1). This format corresponds with that in Table 1 and in

Appendix I. Appendix I can be used to refer back a project number to a specific issue and research

need in the following sections. Some project suggestions fall into more than one issue and research

need as can be inferred from Table 1 where some project numbers occur several times.

In the final list of major issues (Figure 3), some have been amalgamated with others, leaving eight in

the list. For example, catchment management is largely an issue of both water quantity and quality,

so the issue has a high level, though the research topics exist at a lower level.

3.2 Groundwater quality Issue 1: Establishing ecologically-sustainable nutrient allocation.

Research needs

1. Measuring nutrient discharge from soils to groundwater in an accurate manner for a range of management scenarios for different land uses, crop & soil types and climatic zones. These data would lead to development of improved nutrient 'look-up' tables suitable for nutrient allocation assessment and catchment management. Engagement of industry is important in this research, so that on-farm management scenarios are realistic.

2. Setting ecologically-justifiable nutrient limits for sensitive zones / aquifers in order to determine the 'safe' nutrient discharge in relatively unaltered environments (cross-reference with SWIM).

3. Setting ecologically-justifiable nutrient limits or loads for existing irrigated zones / aquifers in order to determine the 'safe' nutrient discharge in altered environments (cross-reference with SWIM).

4. What is the relationship between irrigation efficiency and nutrient management and can this lead to better management?

5. Improved understanding of de-nitrification in the vadose zone, spatially, vertically and temporally in order to calculate likely nutrient flux into the groundwater.

6. Development of a nutrient management decision-support mechanism for end-users, including socio-economic considerations.

7. Review of the nitrate maximum acceptable value or MAV (NZDWS 2005 (revised 2008)15).

Issue 2: Establishing the transport and fate of nutrients and pathogens in a variety of groundwater and hydraulically-connected surface water environments.

Research needs

1. Measuring and modelling recharge, the rate of flow, nutrient lag times, and associated transformations within groundwater relative to aquifer type (unconsolidated sediment and fractured rock).

15 Refer to http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/water/nz-drinking-water-standards-00.html.



2. The inverse problem: tracing contaminant load in surface water and thence back to groundwater to source(s) with a view to improved or focussed management (cross-reference with SWIM).

3. Measuring and modelling the controls and degree to which nutrients and pathogens are discharged to surface water from the groundwater system. Determining water quality effects related to the contribution of nutrients to groundwater and to streams during baseflow (cross-reference with SWIM). Understanding how a mix of groundwater compositions with depth may control the quality of groundwater discharge to surface water (cross-reference with SWIM).

4. Measuring and modelling the contributions of phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon to groundwater as a result of differing land uses.

5. Use of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes and other geochemical markers to improve knowledge of groundwater residence time, flow paths and nutrient transport (also a water quantity issue).

6. Development of kilometre-scale, or greater, predictive model for contaminant transport and dispersion, to be verified against monitoring data from slug or continuous discharge from a wastewater treatment plant.

7. Nutrient and sediment loads in discharge areas, especially coastal lakes, lagoons and spring-fed streams, down-gradient of land use.

Issue 3: Vulnerability of groundwater and supply bores to land use.

Research needs

1. Production of groundwater vulnerability maps and assessment tools to assist in the management of land use, especially in urban areas discharging stormwater up-gradient of municipal supply bores.

2. Assessment of methods to determine sustainable yield in small coastal sedimentary and volcanic aquifers; avoiding localised pathogen and nutrient contamination and saline intrusion (refer also to water quantity Issue 2).

3. Use of isotopic and other geochemical markers and the effects of irrigation on water quality to determine the quantum of 'return water' and residence time within the vadose zone (also a water quantity issue).

4. Determination of epidemiological effects of pathogens in groundwater; assessment of actual migration and attenuation of pathogens and a review of necessary monitoring effort.

5. Review of current well head integrity and protection zone protocols for municipal water supplies - are they sufficient given the potential nutrient, pathogen and hydrocarbon contamination issues, such as those in Canterbury.

6. Research into the spatial and time-dependent ecology of stygofauna and the potential environmental benefits that they may provide, including the removal of nutrients and bacteria.

7. Point source groundwater contamination issues associated with carcass disposal (burial and burning) during foot and mouth or similar serious infectious vesicular disease outbreaks, including scrapie.16 17,18)

6. Research into endocrine disruptors19,2021.

16 In the UK in 2001, the urgency to protect groundwater gave powers to the Environment Agency to prohibit farm burials, carcass burning and the

use of quicklime unless the disposal site was authorised by the Agency. While there was a risk assessment made a number of years ago, there is a national need to plan prospective burial sites, close to dairying (pig/sheep/beef) activities, that will minimise any adverse effects on the environment.

17 Refer to Section 2.2. in http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/fmd/documents/environmental_report.pdf. 18 http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/animals/foot-n-mouth/foot-n-mouth.htm. 19 http://www.coe.ucsf.edu/coe/spotlight/env_hlth+wm/EDC2012_complete.pdf 20 http://www.cielap.org/pdf/NoAway.pdf 21 Endocrine disruptors, new compounds created, and by-products of industrial processes, or through degradation of plastics in landfills are,

internationally, being recognised within the groundwater and surface water resource. It may be prudent to develop a monitoring protocol that takes into account their risks to human and animal health and their likely distribution and concentration in New Zealand.



Issue 4: Setting water quality baselines or reference states.

Research needs

1. Investigating water quality monitoring network requirements to ensure the State of the Environment reporting is adequately and evenly described.

2. Integrated national standards for safe aquifer yield and catchment water quality, if appropriate.

Issue 5: Making good management decisions around abstraction of hydrocarbons.

Research needs

1. Research into the design, undertaking and management of hydraulic fracturing and associated long-term groundwater abstraction to ensure that neither groundwater nor surface water is adversely affected (cross-reference with SWIM).

Issue 6: Effects of groundwater abstraction on surface water in-stream values.

Research needs

1. Assessment of physical, chemical and ecological effects in streams relating to groundwater abstraction (cross-reference with SWIM) to underpin water allocation decisions.

2. Tool development for in-house assessment of ecological effects of low flows in streams (This is principally a SWIM issue and is not addressed in this report).

3.3 Groundwater quantity Issue 7: Establishing sustainable groundwater allocation.

Research needs

1. Improved, near real time accurate measurement of recharge to groundwater to any aquifer type (through high- and low-permeability soils into a variety of aquifers, including unconsolidated sediment and fractured rock). Correlation of lysimeter results to soil moisture modelling tools such as SPASMO and Rushton et al. (cross-reference to Water Quality Issue 1).

2. Assessment tools to determine amount and variation of seepage from rivers as a source of recharge to groundwater (cross-reference with SWIM).

3. Assessment of opportunities, methods and constraints to augment groundwater supply and surface discharge to streams through a range of storage options and managed (artificial) aquifer recharge (cross-reference to SWIM).

4. National tool development to provide consistent triggers and review standards for assisting in determination and periodic review of sustainable yield (cross-reference with SWIM).

5. Use of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes and other geochemical markers to improve knowledge of groundwater residence time, flow paths and nutrient transport (also a water quality issue).

6. Improved mechanism to estimate recharge and groundwater flow rates and especially coastal groundwater flux to the sea.

7. Tool development to assist in determining sufficient and best practice monitoring and reporting effort to verify groundwater allocation.

8. Methods to assess historical irrigated area and efficiency of historical irrigation required to enable improved calibration and verification of numerical modelling.

9. Assessment and development of tools to quantify groundwater and surface water evapotranspiration in the absence of long-term metering data (e.g. remote sensing) and relate this demand to crop type and their water demand schedules.

10. Effects of climate change on groundwater storage in light of changes in recharge and demand.



Issue 8: Saline intrusion risk in an environment of rising sea levels.

Research needs

1. Refinement of methods to determine sustainable yield in small coastal aquifers; avoiding localised contamination and saline intrusion (cross-reference to water quality issue 3).

2. Numerical modelling of sea level rise effects.

Issue 9: Three-dimensional numerical groundwater modelling.

Research needs

1. Development of a national map showing where numerical groundwater models have been created, by whom and with what software.

2. Re-assessment of the MfE groundwater model audit guidelines in light of model development over the last decade and aligned with international best practice guidelines.

Issue 10: Developing tools for making good management decisions around the abstraction of energy and hydrocarbons.

Research needs

1. Refinement of tools to assess design, undertaking and management of hydraulic fracturing and associated long-term groundwater and high and low enthalpy heat abstraction, incorporating international best practice guidelines, to ensure that neither the availability of groundwater nor surface water is compromised. Development of a tool to assist in monitoring of the effects of large-scale on-shore hydrocarbon development using the abstraction of groundwater to release gas.

2. Refinement of modelling tools for assessing geothermal groundwater interaction, particularly relating to abstraction and reinjection effects of developed geothermal energy resources in both North and South islands of New Zealand. In the South Island especially, high heat flow areas may be targeted along the Southern Alps and in mines / bores, with the potential for effects on the groundwater resource currently un-addressed 22.

3. Tools to assist resource managers to assess potential groundwater issues related to significant uptake of low enthalpy ground-source geothermal energy abstraction, injection and storage.

3.4 General water resource issues Issue 11: Establishing and managing research priorities for councils with limited in-house

technical capability.

Note that this issue is contentious in that the research needs are partly a result of under-resourcing at

individual councils and are not necessarily a 'research' need but a 'resourcing' one. Accordingly, Issue

11 is highlighted in Table 1 in order to indicate the scope of the needs which are an ability to get

pieces of work done.

Research needs

1. Tool development to assist those councils without in-house resources, protocols or tools to assist in consistent decision-making regarding monitoring, database design, data storage and research effort.

2. National protocol for determining a consistent method for definition of boundaries of riparian aquifers and catchment boundaries on gently-sloping terrain (cross-reference with SWIM).

3. Development of methods to differentiate natural effects on the environment from those related to resource use, with a view to verification of plan effectiveness.

22 Reyes, A.G. 2007: A preliminary evaluation of sources of geothermal energy for direct heat use; GNS Science Report 2007/16, 44 p.



4. Localised studies of allocation of water from small aquifer systems and how they relate to surface water (cross-reference to SWIM).

Issue 12: Integrated catchment management.

Research needs

1. Assessment and decision tool for integrated management of surface and groundwater that includes social and economic drivers and considerations (cross-reference to SWIM).

2. Increased understanding and real-time and long-term quantification of groundwater - surface water exchange and water use both temporally and spatially with a view to enabling adaptive management of irrigation demand (cross-reference with SWIM).

3. Understanding issues relating to the alternatives to surface storage, such as managed aquifer recharge.

4. Protocols and methods for scaling down of regional numerical groundwater models to assess local issues.

5. Improved geological data coupled with use of water age and hydro-geochemistry on which to base hydrogeological units for 3D numerical groundwater flow, using multi-strand model verification.

6. Earthquake-effects on groundwater.

7. Tools to assist resource managers assess the potential effects of aquifer storage and recovery methods (ASR) following disposal of treated urban wastewater and stormwater.

8. Methods to integrate Maori perspectives into water management

3.5 Types of research end-product The preceding section itemised a large number of issues, for each there are potential research topics

or research needs. Some needs can be categorized into specific types of research end-product:

new knowledge or refinement of knowledge;

tools to assist scientists and planners;

new applications; and

guidelines.

Table 1 and Appendix I both include a column relating to these potential end-products, although not

every research need has been so categorized.

3.6 Discussion on significance of research priorities To be effective as a way of informing the development of a groundwater strategy we do need to pick

‘winners’ – projects or topics that we agree are the most warranted place to put funding. Several

critical issues or research topics listed above can be described as having a higher priority over others.

There are families of research projects, where results from one stream of research are required for a

succeeding project. For example, the setting of a sustainable water quantity allocation need

reasonably rely on the initial setting of a sustainable nutrient loading, in turn reliant on information

regarding in-stream values requiring protection. Commonly, the reverse order is the case, water

quantity allocation is set first, because it is easier to quantify and model. If and when a nutrient budget

allocation is made, it may then be found that the water quantity allocation is set too high if each user is

undertaking intensive agriculture; this may result in unacceptable degradation of groundwater quality



and the quality of receiving surface waters. Hence there is a need for a strategic approach to water

resource allocation.

Priority is often dictated by the requirements of the funding source. Many research topics are

addressed in a piecemeal approach so with most, if not all parts of the issue matching the

requirements of a funding source. For example, a long-standing requirement of Central Government

money has been that the research has ‘national applicability’. So, while a region could be used as a

‘case study’, in actuality the research cannot be applied in other regions until more groundwork is

undertaken to apply it there. This could require another funding source such as council funding,

Sustainable Farming Fund support, Envirolink advice, etc.

In this document assessment of priority is: "high" or "low" or "No Determination/Scope Required". A

numerical scoring mechanism is not recommended because of the issues described above. In Table

1, the semi-quantitative assessment has been made, by members of the RGWF, of the priorities of the

issues and needs.

Some projects can be tagged as being appropriately undertaken by means of an Envirolink grant.

There may also be a way to convey whether a piece of research is likely to 'nail' the issue; e.g. some

kind of traction index, the extent to which one project can 'knock the bastard off'.

There may be room for providing guidance as to whether a need is a developing one and whether the

solution is 'highly innovative'.

In Appendix I some indication of prioritisation for broad-issue groups such as using shading and

colours has been used.

3.7 Research areas of interest Some research topics may have national application, such as sustainable water allocation. Other

projects may have a more local application, such as water resources and associated water quality

issues in coastal sand aquifers. Wherever possible, this tension between national and localised

application of a piece of research is indicated in Table 1. Most of the projects have both local and

national application.

3.7.1 National versus local funding of science It is probably appropriate to solve the perceived local - national scale funding issue by asking whether

the local research has regional or national implications. To what extent will solving the local issue

allow advances in science that can benefit other areas? If the answer is yes, then local issues should

be nationally funded.

3.8 Research project level of effort and time spent Previous research projects provide some guide about the level of effort and the time required for the

undertaking of a research project. Research periods of time:

High, or Long (H) is 3+ years, Medium (M) is 1-3, Short or low (L) is one year or less



Some types of projects might fall into a 3 to 5 year duration bracket, giving a score of "H" and might

fall nearer to the 'blue skies' end of the research spectrum. For example, water quality projects that

may involve making and using new equipment (e.g. Spydia), adapting borrowed techniques from

different disciplines (e.g. infra-red sensing), or developing projects using new remote-sensing

techniques such as those monitoring evapotranspiration that need to be field-verified, or requiring

experimenting and monitoring over a number of seasons or years to account for climatic variability.

At the other end of the scale, projects that require little fieldwork, and, or are generally a desktop

exercise, involving small areas with all necessary data available, might take less than 6 months, giving

a designation "L". For example, some smaller Envirolink projects would fall into this category. While

an attempt has been made in this report to indicate the relative length of the suggested projects it

must be acknowledged that in part, the time taken will depend on the scale of the project, and

resources devoted to it.

Some of the project suggestions listed with their priorities in Table 1 involve a multi-year, multi-

disciplinary team of experts and assistants, giving rise to much time and effort, scoring H. For

example, projects involving the leaching of nitrogen from within the soil, into the vadose zone and

thence into the groundwater system, require soil scientists, agricultural engineers, groundwater

modellers and groundwater chemistry specialists.

Determining the physical and chemical relationship between groundwater at various depths and the

corresponding hydraulically-connected surface water requires a protracted period of monitoring and

sampling that might realistically require several years of data and involve both surface water and

groundwater scientists and modellers.

With all these caveats in mind, Table 1 indicates an estimate of the period of time and effort needed to

undertake a project to completion, including development of a suite of deliverables capable of being

used by the end-user. Most, if not all of these projects would require scoping of the project with end-

users prior to any request for funding. Neither Table 1, nor Appendix I indicate how the projects

should be funded and clearly, some projects are much larger in scope and resource need than others

and perhaps need to be broken down.

Figure 3 is a high-level setting of priority issues based on Table 1.

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Table 1: Research priorities.

TOPIC Code Product Priority Time & effort

Groundwater quality

Issue 1: Establishing ecologically-sustainable nutrient allocation.

1. Measuring nutrient discharge from soils to groundwater in an accurate manner for a range of management scenarios for different land uses, crop & soil types and climatic zones. These data would lead to development of improved nutrient 'look-up' tables suitable for nutrient allocation assessment and catchment management (10). 1‐1 K H H

2. Setting ecologically-justifiable nutrient limits for sensitive zones / aquifers in order to determine the 'safe' nutrient discharge in relatively unaltered environments (cross-reference with SWIM). (3, 6, 7, 14, 16, 20, 24, 36) 1‐2 A H H

3. Setting ecologically-justifiable nutrient limits for existing irrigated catchments / aquifers in order to determine the 'safe' nutrient discharge in already compromised environments (cross-reference with SWIM). (3, 5, 6, 14, 20, 24, 36) 1‐3 A H H

4. What is the relationship between irrigation efficiency and nutrient management and can this lead to better management? (6, 41) 1‐4 K H H

5. Improved understanding of de-nitrification in the vadose zone, spatially, vertically and temporally. (17, 18, 19) 1‐5 K H H

6. Development of a nutrient management decision-support mechanism for end-users, including socio-economic considerations. (21) 1‐6 T H M

7. Review of the nitrate maximum acceptable value or MAV (NZDWS 2005 (revised 2008)[1]). (43, 83) 1‐7 G M M

Issue 2: Establishing the transport and fate of nutrients and pathogens in a variety of groundwater and surface water environments.

1. Measuring and modelling recharge, the rate of flow, nutrient lag times, associated attenuation and transformations within groundwater relative to aquifer type (unconsolidated sediment and fractured rock). (2, 4, 14, 47, 52) 2‐1 K H H

2. The inverse problem - tracing contaminant load in surface water and thence groundwater to source with a view to improved or focussed management (cross-reference with SWIM). (12) 2‐2 K M M

3. Measuring and modelling the controls and degree to which nutrients and pathogens are discharged to surface water from the groundwater system. Water quality effects of contribution of nutrients to groundwater and to streams during baseflow (cross-reference with SWIM). Understanding how the mix of groundwater compositions with depth in controlling the quality of groundwater discharge to surface water (cross-reference with SWIM). (2, 5, 8, 23)

2‐3 K H H

4. Measuring and modelling the contributions of phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon to groundwater as a result of differing land uses. (5) 2‐4 K M H 5. Use of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes and other geochemical markers to improve knowledge of groundwater residence time, flow paths and nutrient transport (also a water quantity issue). (26) 2‐5 K H M

6. Development of kilometre-scale, or greater, predictive model for contaminant transport, to be verified against monitoring data from slug or continuous discharge from a wastewater treatment plant. (22, 28) 2‐6 A M M

7. Nutrient and sediment loads in discharge areas, especially coastal lakes, lagoons and spring-fed streams, down-gradient of land use.(13, 23, 42, 43) 2‐7 K H M

Issue 3: Vulnerability of groundwater and supply bores to land use.

1. Production of groundwater vulnerability maps to manage land use, especially in urban areas discharging stormwater. (9,11, 48) 3‐1 A M M

2. Assessment of methods to determine sustainable yield in small coastal sedimentary and fractured volcanic aquifers; avoiding localised pathogen and nutrient contamination and saline intrusion (refer also to water quantity Issue 2). (32, 33, 37, 79) 3‐2 T H M

3. Use of isotopic and other geochemical markers in determining the effects of irrigation on water quality and the determination of the quantum of 'return water' and residence time within the vadose zone (also a water quantity issue). (29, 45) 3‐3 K M M

4. Determination of epidemiological effects of pathogens in groundwater, migration and attenuation of pathogens and review of necessary monitoring effort. (22, 27) 3‐4 K M M

5. Review of current well head integrity and protection zone protocols for municipal water supplies - are they sufficient given the contamination issues such as those in Canterbury? (31) 3‐5 A L L

6. Research into the spatial and time-dependent ecology of stygofauna and the potential environmental benefits that they may provide, including the removal of nutrients and bacteria. (1) 3‐6 A M L

7. Point source groundwater contamination issues associated with foot and mouth and related diseases. 3‐7 K M L

8. Research into endocrine disruptors 3‐8 K M M

Issue 4: Setting water quality baselines or reference states.

1. Refine or review methods relating to the establishment and maintenance of water quality sites to ensure the State of the Environment reporting is adequately and evenly described. (15, 35, 36) 4‐1 A M M

2. Integrated national standards for safe aquifer yield and catchment water quality, if appropriate. (35, 36) 4‐2 A M M

Issue 5: Making good management decisions around abstraction of hydrocarbon.

1. Research into manner in which hydraulic fracturing and associated long-term groundwater abstraction can be designed and managed to ensure that neither groundwater nor surface water is adversely affected (cross-reference with SWIM). (25) 5‐1 K H M

Issue 6: Effects of groundwater abstraction on surface water in-stream values.

1. Assessment of physical, chemical and ecological effects in streams relating to groundwater abstraction (cross-reference with SWIM). (4) 6‐1 K H H

2. Tool development for in-house assessment of ecological effects of low flows in streams (cross-reference with SWIM). (4) 6‐2 T H H



TOPIC Code Product Priority Time & effort

Groundwater quantity Issue 7: Establishing sustainable groundwater allocation.

1. Near real time measurement of recharge to groundwater in an accurate manner in any aquifer type (through high- and low-permeability soils into a variety of aquifers, including unconsolidated sediment and fractured rock). Correlation of channel lysimeter results to soil moisture modelling tools such as SPASMO and Rushton et al. (cross-reference to Water Quality Issue 1). (47, 69, 70) 7‐1 K H H

2. Assessment of seepage from rivers as a source of recharge to groundwater (cross-reference with SWIM). (44, 45) 7‐2 K M L

3. Assessment of opportunities to augment supply through a range of storage options and managed (artificial) aquifer recharge (cross-reference to SWIM). (54) 7‐3 K H M

4. National tool development to provide consistent triggers and review standards for assisting in determination and periodic review of sustainable yield (cross-reference with SWIM). (73, 83) 7‐4 T M M

5. Use of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes and other geochemical markers to improve knowledge of groundwater residence time, flow paths and nutrient transport. (26, 46) 7‐5 K H M

6. Improved estimation of recharge and groundwater flow rates and especially sub-coastal groundwater flux to the sea. (65, 76) 7‐6 K M M

7. Tool development to assist in determining sufficient and best practice monitoring and reporting effort to verify groundwater and nutrient allocation. (15, 39) 7‐7 T H M

8. Assessment of historical irrigated area and efficiency of historical irrigation required to enable numerical modelling. (67, 70) 7‐8 K M M 9. Assessment and development of tools to quantify groundwater and surface water evapotranspiration demand in the absence of long-term metering data (e.g. remote sensing) and relate this demand to crop type and their water demand schedules. (66, 67, 68) 7‐9 T H M

10. Effects of climate change on groundwater storage in light of changes in recharge and demand. (82) 7‐10 K M M

Issue 8: Saline intrusion risk in an environment of rising sea levels. 1. Assessment of methods to determine sustainable yield in small coastal aquifers; avoiding localised pathogen and nutrient contamination and saline intrusion (cross-reference to water quality issue 3). (32, 33, 34, 84) 8‐1 T M L

Issue 9: Three-dimensional numerical groundwater modelling.

1. Development of a national map showing where numerical groundwater models have been created, by whom and with what software. (71) 9‐1 K M L

2. Re-assessment of the MfE groundwater model audit guidelines in light of model development over the last decade. (72) 9‐2 G L L

3. Development of numerical groundwater modelling tools to deal with rising sea levels. 9‐3 A M M

Issue 10: Making good management decisions around the abstraction of energy and hydrocarbons.

1. Research into manner in which hydraulic fracturing and any associated long-term groundwater abstraction can be designed and managed to ensure that neither the availability of groundwater and surface water is compromised. Effects of large-scale on-shore hydrocarbon development using the abstraction of groundwater to release gas. (25) 10‐1 K H M

2. High temperature geothermal development effects on the groundwater resource. 10‐2 K M M

3. Tools to increase uptake of low-enthalpy geothermal energy storage and its effects on groundwater. 10‐3 T M L

General water resource issues

Issue 11: Establishing and undertaking research priorities for councils with limited in-house technical capability. 1. Tool development to assist those councils without in-house resources, protocols or tools to assist in consistent decision-making regarding monitoring, database design, data storage and research effort. (38, 39, 40, 59, 60, 61, 63) 11‐1 T M L

2. National protocol for determining a consistent method for definition of boundaries of riparian aquifers and catchment boundaries on gently-sloping terrain (cross-reference with SWIM). (49) 11‐2 A M L

3. Development of methods to differentiate natural effects from those of resource use with a view to verification of plan effectiveness. (56, 73) 11‐3 A M M

4. Localised studies of allocation of water from small aquifer systems and how they relate to surface water (cross-reference to SWIM). (59, 60, 61, 63, 77, 80, 81) 11‐4 M L

Issue 12: Integrated catchment management. 1. Assessment and decision tool for integrated management of surface and groundwater that includes social and economic drivers and considerations (cross-reference to SWIM). (21, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 75) 12‐1 T H M

2. Increased understanding and real-time and long-term quantification of groundwater - surface water exchange and water use at both temporal and spatial levels with a view to enabling adaptive management of irrigation demand (cross-reference with SWIM). (50, 53, 56, 62, 64) 12‐2 K H L

3. Understanding issues relating to the alternatives to surface storage, such as managed aquifer recharge. (54) 12‐3 A H M 4. Adapting methods for scaling down of regional numerical groundwater models to assess local issues, with use of water age and hydro-geochemistry as multi-strand model verification tools (45, 46, 57, 58). 12‐4 A L L

5. Need for improved geological data on which to base hydrogeological units for 3D numerical groundwater flow models. (78) 12‐5 A M M

6. Groundwater studies in earthquake zones. 12‐6 K M M

7. Tools to assist in the development of sustainable aquifer storage and recovery of stormwater and treated urban wastewater. 12‐7 T M M

8. Maori world view and how this applies to sustainable catchment management. 12‐8 A M M Notes for Table 1, see text for further explanation. Refer also to Appendix I. Product (T) Tool; (K) New or refinement of knowledge; (G) Guideline; (A) Application. Priorities: (H) high, (M) medium, (L) low, (ND) no determination. Time & effort: (H) high, long, (M) medium, (L) low, short. Refer to Section 3.8 to explain shading of Issue 11.



As briefly mentioned previously, some topics are not, strictly speaking, research. Instead, they are

applications of research or methods already developed, to local issues. For example, several of the

smaller councils, with limited in-house resources, require work to be undertaken that cannot

reasonably be described as research. These have been included in the listings of research needs in

Section 3.4 and in Table 1, first, to illustrate their needs (getting the job done), and secondly, to be

sure that these needs are communicated to funding agencies.

3.9 Current and emerging issues There are a number of current and emerging issues included in both Table 1 and Appendix I, including

projects that require highly innovative solutions:

Use and management of the effects of hydraulic fracturing for the development of gas and liquid hydrocarbon fields.

Recognition that dissolved nitrate in groundwater has the potential to increase as a result of land use, to levels that will likely breach the Maximum Acceptable Value (MAV).

Use of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) for underground 'storage' in an effort to balance catchment water budgets.

Use of time series isotope and geochemical marker concentrations to determine the long-term development of mean groundwater age in aquifer systems.

Projects relating to these emerging issues have recently shown their worth within New Zealand, or

internationally, in providing useful information regarding the sustainability of the water resource, and

methods by which the resource may be protected.

3.10 Research priorities in other countries A brief search of research priorities in other countries indicates that similar issues are developed in

Australia and in the United Kingdom, refer to Table 2 for examples and references.

Table 2: Examples of research priorities in other countries.

Country Research priorities References

Australia

1: Sustainable groundwater yield 23, 24

2: Groundwater - surface water interactions

3: Underground storage (MAR)

United Kingdom

Refer to Box 6.1 below: Figure 4 25

Canada National overview of water quality, emerging contaminants, groundwater - surface water interaction, land-use impacts, urban water issues, rural water issues, contaminated groundwater remediation

26, 27

23 http://www.cowatercongress.org/AnnualConvention/Archived/2011/Presentations/Tony%20Jakeman%20-

%20Research&Issues_GDAYUSA.pdf?id...A-74A14B2EE6A2 24 https://www.connectedwaters.unsw.edu.au/resources/articles/call.html 25 http://www.groundwateruk.org/downloads/Groundwater%20in%20the%20UK%20FR_GF%201.pdf 26 http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca.earth-sciences/files/pdf/gm-ces/reports/pdf/lawrence_panel_b_e.pdf 27 http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sustainable-development/freshwater/2445

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suggestions listed in Appendix I, 44 of them either have had, or are continuing to have research

undertaken on part of them. For these 44 projects, there are 57 different combinations of research

project number. From the data collated in this report, it may be concluded that a substantial part of the

collection of research suggestions is covered by recent, current or planned research.

This conclusion can be interpreted in a number of ways, including:

1. Not all Council technical staff are fully aware of the breadth and scope of research projects recently completed and still being undertaken. In part, this is may a communication issue but may also be linked to under-resourcing in councils to fund the ability of staff, especially the ultimate end-user (resource management planners) to engage with research results.

2. Council staff continue to generate new issues that can be matched with on-going research projects in the expectation that continuing research will provide answers. The scope and implication of many of the national research needs are large enough to expect that no single research output is likely to satisfy the needs of groundwater managers. It needs to be acknowledged that research steps incrementally towards answering questions and often raises more questions en route, as researchers will attest.

3. The descriptions of research projects are insufficiently detailed or accessible for technical staff, and this reviewer, to determine exactly what is being studied for each research project and what the expected outcome(s) may be. There appear to be communication barriers at funding stage, when deadlines must be met, with applications creating descriptions made in the language/terminology of the funding brief at the time.

4. There has been research project 'scope creep' such that the original deliverables have changed character or emphasis. Scope creep is a common though sometimes undesirable result of failure by researchers to complete specific tasks for a number of reasons, including: access to land, data, and other funding, equipment failure, intellectual rights issues, staff changes, etc, some or all of which may not be the control of the project managers.

The order of the list above is not necessarily the order of importance in explaining the overlap; the first

and second explanations are the most likely, in concert with the remaining explanations.



4 Stakeholder engagement Discussions were had with a number of organisations considered groundwater research stakeholders.

For example, discussions with members of the Ministry for the Environment were had regarding policy.

Two research providers and a number of council staff were contacted for discussions regarding

communication of research results. The results of these discussions are described in the following

sections.

4.1 Ministry for the Environment Discussions were held on 27th March 2013 with Paul Metcalf and John Phillips of the Ministry for the

Environment in Wellington. Topics covered included potential changes to the Resource Management

Act consistent with some recommendations in the Land & Water Forum 3rd report: that the proposed

increase in agricultural productivity will require changes to water management, implying that it should

be more dynamic28: "The costs, uncertainties and delays of the current resource management system

are affecting New Zealand jobs, infrastructure and productivity, and they place an unfair burden on

communities" (Appendix F). Discussion also centred on research directions that might eventuate from

national policy statements and national environmental standards, but specific proposed directions for

research were not forthcoming. In any event, during the discussion it was agreed that there was no

need for a top-down research directive; rather, discussions indicated that the approach to research

into new topics was likely to be led from councils, rather than the Ministry. Furthermore, there was no

indication that Maori issues were likely to be subject of any new technical research initiative, rather,

that any new directions would be to address a mix of socio-technical issues but not necessarily as part

of a wider research into national socio-economic or technical issues.

4.2 Discussions with research providers regarding communication with end-users

Task 3 of the previously cited Lowry et al. (2003) indicates that communication of science in New

Zealand was problematic ten years ago: "Task 3. Identify the type of gaps that exist and whether they

are real or perceived. This includes information gaps, gaps in understanding (do not understand the

physical processes involved and/or do not know how to use existing information or techniques),

communication gaps (did not know the information existed or could not find the information), and

implementation gaps (do not know how to do it, budgetary constraints, etc.)".

In Lowry et al. (2003), the conclusions of Task 3 were: "Regarding implementation, planning, and

practice gaps from Task 3, the gap in long-term planning and clear groundwater management

objectives is by far listed as the highest priority to fill. Over half of the councils ranked this as either

their highest or second highest priority. The second highest priority to fill is the gap in

knowledge/training concerning the availability and use of predictive groundwater models."

The data presented the Lowry et al. report is an exemplar, being itself less than readily accessible.

That report indicated that there was a need then for improved communication. This report shows that 28 See page 10 of MfE discussion document: "Improving our resource management system", dated 28th February 2013, sourced

from http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/rma/improving-our-resource-management-system.html.



there is still that need, as well as improved communication of what has been done, is being done, and

will be done in the fields of water research.

Appendix K contains details of deliverables for completed or current, existing projects. These

deliverables are typical of the kinds of projects used by councils for their resource management

planning needs. Discussions were held with two research providers (one Independent and one CRI)

regarding communication with end-users with a view to determining the methods used, their

effectiveness, and how they might be improved. The following questions were asked of each provider:

1. With past projects, what were the methods of communication of the results of the research to the end-user(s);

2. Were they efficient and effective;

3. What has been learnt of that process, how could it be improved;

4. What feedback have you had (that you are willing to share); and

5. Given that feedback and experience, what changes have you made to communication of research results to end-users?

Responses to these questions and results of any further discussion follow.

4.2.1 Independent An independent research organisation responded directly and specifically to the five questions listed

above. The priority of methods of communication of the results of research projects include:

presentations at Hydrosoc29 or equivalent NZ-based conferences;

seminars in the premises of potential, current or past end-users;

consulting projects where end user needs are specifically addressed;

guidelines or codes of practice; and

publishing journal papers.

The effectiveness of conferences and seminars had been measured by the occurrence of new or

repeat business. From an end-user's perspective, repeat business means that the results of research

projects and the manner in which they are presented are making a positive difference to the way

science is applied, not only by councils, but other types of end user. Experience has shown that a

number of projects have to be completed before a full understanding of what needs to become the

contents of guidelines or codes of best practice. The point is made by the Independent that codes of

best practice are not always followed, so their effectiveness is not assured. In terms of producing

uptake of research results or methods, the effectiveness of journal papers is much less efficient and

effective than the other, more direct methods.

Notwithstanding that final sentence, journal publications are important in the formation of collaborative

research teams. An individual’s publication record is a significant consideration when scientists make

decisions about who should be part of the team in order to provide the “best team” for the project.

Research project bidding success also appears to be heavily influenced by the length of the

publication lists rather than by past performance with helping end users solve problems. In addition,

29 Annual conference of the New Zealand Hydrological Society (HydroSoc), and occasional workshops.



journal publications appear to be important for establishing an expert's 'Standing' in RMA Hearing

processes.

The independent research provider acknowledges that they may have under-estimated the general

importance of journal publications, and still rate presentations at Hydrosoc or equivalent NZ-based

conferences and seminars; consulting projects; and guidelines or codes of practice as more important

in terms of making a positive difference to end-user practices.

Taking into account end-user feedback and the independent's experience in the research

marketplace, they have recently appointed a communications manager who has experience in editing

of technical works (International journal papers and technical books). Coaching staff in the writing of

articles for international journals is part of that role.

4.2.2 Crown Research Institute (CRI) Only one of the four CRIs contacted responded to the five questions listed above, providing

considerable helpful and timely detail of the means by which it communicated with their end-user

clients. These means include: visits, telephone calls, emails, targeted workshops (including Envirolink

ones), peer-reviewed articles in journals, books and reports, pages of websites, end user advisory

panels, conference presentations, training courses and the popular media.

The CRI found that it was most effective to use a suite of communication pathways, especially live,

two-way types, with different means for different types of end user. A telling point was made that the

communication and, or deliverable must provide answers to specific question(s) posed by the end-

user. The CRI quantified end-user communication and the results indicate that most council end-

users are contacted several times a year, though it is not clear how many of these represent

communication specifically concerned with research deliverables.

In terms of potential for improvement in communication of research, one of the council staff contacted

made the suggestion that a coordinated CRI approach to communication with end-users should be

developed, reducing differences in timing and approach, so that end-users might find it easier to

assimilate the research findings.

The CRI also made a point relating to the uptake of the research being sometimes difficult to quantify.

Some research is rapidly taken up and overtly used in plans; other types of research are not so

obviously used, but indicated by citations within subsequent end-user reports.

4.3 Councils (end-users) A series of discussions with technical officers from the councils regarding their research issues was

undertaken after the council staff had the opportunity to see a draft version of this report.

The questions asked of the council end users are these:

1. With past projects, were the methods of communication of the results of the research to the end-user(s) similar to those listed in the previous section;

2. Were they efficient and effective;



3. What has been learnt of that process, how could it be improved (for example by wider dissemination);

4. Given your experience as an end user, what changes have you made in your organisation to improve communication of research results with providers?

5. Do the contents of sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 ring true to you as an end user?

In answer to these questions, the following sections represent responses from a number of councils.

4.4 Methods of communication of the results of the research to the end-user(s)

4.4.1 Journal articles End-users usually understand the value that research providers place on publications in journals.

However, access to these journals is limited by financial constraints. Rarely have councils managed

to maintain memberships for their technical staff in the Hydrological Society (NZ) and the IAH

(International Association of Hydrogeologists) which would give them access to some journals but by

no means all. Councils generally have only a limited budget to purchase one-off articles. In addition,

reading a (quite often) lengthy journal article is not the best way for many practitioners to understand

research and its implications for their region. Furthermore the ultimate end-user, resource

management planners, commonly have only a rudimentary science education and cannot, for

themselves access the research, and are reliant on translation by their scientific colleagues.

If research providers are to continue to publish papers in peer-reviewed journals then free copies of

the papers should be made available to the end-user community without inducing journal copyright

(royalty) issues of the kind exemplified by the Lowry et al. paper (Refer to Section 1.1). A common

council technical officer opinion, similar to that held by many scientists30, is that research funded by

the New Zealand taxpayer should not effectively be held to ransom by foreign journals but published in

'on-line open access' format. All end-users not only considered that peer-reviewed journal articles are

an ineffective means for research providers to convey the information necessary for the councils but

also that Crown-funded research should be publically available in report, rather than journal format,

without the constraints of copyright.

4.4.2 NZ Hydrological Society and other society conferences and workshops The importance of conferences for hearing about new research, making contacts with providers and

with peers cannot be over-estimated. Some councils aim to send a mix of technical, consenting and

planning staff to the Hydrological Society conference each year, but again, attendance is dictated by

time and resource constraints. There is a shortcoming on councils' part to effectively transfer

conference attendance into dissemination of results, for example, by means of attendees de-briefing

their experiences to their peers. Some councils see attendance at the conference and communication

with peers as an important part of professional development for their employees; other councils

appear not to see this value, as determined from their reluctance to fund attendees.

30 see, for example http://io9.com/5796054/is-it-time-to-end-copyright-for-scientific-journals



HydroSoc technical workshops provide a process for direct interaction and exploration of new

research ideas on a smaller scale than the conferences31.

Some presentations at Hydrological Society conferences are better than others. Perhaps this is

because the research community does not seem to have an educational or training programme to

ensure speakers are engaging to the end-user audience – thus enhancing the ability to recall their

presentation and its key points. When staff are sent to HydroSoc, one regional council asks them to

report back on a presentation that was memorable and resonated with them. More often than not, the

presentations that are reported back as engaging the audience are ones that constituted more of a

panel approach with time for Q&A. HydroSoc is a good way to get a synopsis but there is no real

opportunity to get into the depth of the results and application other than the study area. It can provide

high level overview which is still useful.

Numerous conferences contain speakers whose presentation slides are less than easy to read or

interpret. Furthermore, at conferences, many speakers use every spare minute of their time slot to

talk, with the result that meaningful engagement of the speaker is denied and the audience cannot

gauge from such an interchange the worthiness of the content. While communication with the speaker

can be left to break times this is hardly an efficient and effective platform for information-sharing

across a spectrum of end-users. Performance of researchers should be judged, in part, by how well

they transfer their knowledge to the general community. In response to this argument, it needs to be

acknowledged that conferences have a traditional format that does not facilitate engagement.

Perhaps it is up to conference organisers to recognise this issue if audiences demand it. There is no

doubt that if there was more Q&A this would extend the length of the conference, and its cost.

Regardless, there is room for the sector to improve, perhaps by using Science Communicator awards

as a carrot.

4.4.3 End-user groups Some councils also participate in various end-user groups that have been formed as part of some

Central Government-funded research projects (e.g. IRAP32). The engagement of these groups is

laudable, but variable in practice. Typically, there may be little communication between meetings and

so the meetings themselves end up like a mini-conference with lots of presentations by researchers

and less time for engagement, Q&A, or discussion on implications. When research providers

undertake a 'road show', not all councils are on the visiting list and get missed out, perhaps because of

the size of the potential audience. Despite this, when individual research providers deliver on council-

specific projects, these are most effective when accompanied by face to face meetings where issues

are discussed.

There is a need for more-immediate updates about research progress, thereby helping end-users to

understand research directions more clearly and ask questions when necessary. Potentially, end-

31 NZ Hydrological Society Technical Workshop on: Practical Steps to Address Regional Climate Variability Impacts on Water

Resources, April 3-4 2008 32 https://www.nlrc.org.nz/connect/organisations/irap (link to IRAP from National Land Resource Centre website was broken when

accessed on 20.6.2013).



users may be the ones asking to see a research provider, rather than the research provider visiting

councils to ‘push’ their research findings. Some council staff described how they only heard about

recent research via a third party, accidentally.

There appears to be a need for a virtual place, that can be accessed by all end-users. This could be

for all research providers to advertise their wares such as a web-based forum similar to the RGWF

workspace, that can be updated as a default approach by both the end-users and the research

providers. Whilst MBIE hosts a "Who got funded?" portal33, in the opinion of the end-users the

summary of research and deliverables on the MBIE web site is underwhelming. An attractive, user-

friendly MBIE-hosted web site or portal is needed that has the full scope and breadth of research

programmes and any results – interim or otherwise.

The Special Interest Groups (SIG) are forums for research providers but they cannot incorporate all

the potential presentations by providers into their twice-yearly meetings. A more automated way of

sharing results, with SIG members taking ownership to drive some conversations about ‘latest

findings’ would be useful at SIG meetings similar to the workspace concept. Perhaps end-users need

to improve their skills in using the workspace to its fullest potential; it is not just about the research

providers. The RMG members could show some leadership and declare their expectations of SIGs

and, in turn, ensure their council staff are adequately supported to enable them to contribute to the

SIG by budgeting staff time and necessary travel. For example, staff performance could be judged, in

part, by the level of engagement and participation with SIG activities.

4.4.4 Provider visits / meetings / messages Practice across CRIs with regard to ‘personal visits’ is variable. Some are quite respectful of council

time and approach councils with: "We’ve got some interim results from our research that we’d like to

share – can we come within the next month or so?" Others expect councils to meet with them at

comparatively short notice and dictate specific days. Visits by individual consultants, dealing with

specific projects can be a valuable process for direct interaction and exploration of new research

ideas.

Councils are typically flooded by requests for meetings when it is time for CRI providers and others to

renegotiate funding with MBIE. It is worthwhile pointing out that Councils don’t operate on the same

funding timeframes as researchers (including budgeting timeframes where co-funding could be

considered).

Research providers could, without much effort, provide emails to all end-users giving specifics of what

projects are being worked on, the results so far, the expected delivery data and content of a report,

and a contact name so that any potential end-user can keep in the loop.

Regular meetings between providers and end-users are vital to determine the initial scope of the

project and to ensure that scope creep does not occur without all parties agreeing to it. Furthermore,

such meetings can address the issue of the suite of deliverables and the format in which they are to

be provided. In this way, planning for deliverables of the appropriate technical level can be developed.

33

http://www.msi.govt.nz/update-me/who-got-funded/Form



4.5 The process from science to policy There is a process whereby science research or knowledge is translated into resource management

policy. This translation involves uptake of the research, understanding transmitted to those who write

plans, and eventual application of the policy to resource management. Much of this process involves

communication: from the provider to the council; and within the council from scientist to planner. The

following section is a discussion on issues associated with this process.

4.5.1 Efficiency and effectiveness of communication Scientists as a group find it too easy to forget to provide research findings to their client end-users in a

language that is readily understandable to non-experts. While it is understood that peer-reviewed

journal articles provide a level of certainty as to the robustness of the work, it does little to make the

work understandable to the technical staff at councils, and even less to the ultimate end-users,

resource management planners. Perhaps researchers could aim to produce peer-reviewed research

reports for end users because academic papers are necessarily a “cut down" version of research

findings.

In light of the preceding comments, in general, most communications by research providers lack the

answer to the "What’s in it for you" question. One council has been particularly impressed by the work

of one provider who adopted a ‘community summary’ approach to their technical reports which has

now been adopted by that council as part of their technical report guidelines. This is one step in the

right direction of communicating results in Plain English, an issue since the dawn of organised science

itself.

4.5.2 How could the communication process be improved? Researchers and the end user community need to use technology to greater advantage to bridge the

gap between conferences and end-user meetings. Research updates in 'Plain English' that show

progress being made in funded projects could usefully be added to organisational websites with RSS

feeds that allow users to subscribe to updates of the site. These updates would mitigate the need for

professional writers to lay out ‘newsletters’ which are a cost to the research provider. Research

providers could go a step further by contributing to a single portal to report progress across all water

research projects. Developing research summaries suitable for reading by non-technical council staff

would go a long way to providing better communication between provider and end-user.

4.5.3 What changes have councils made to improve communication of research results from providers?

Most councils place research reports on their website and may have recently re-configured headings

on their sites to make websites easier to navigate. Despite continual improvement in the design of

council websites, there is still a range in accessibility of technical reports on them. It may be

worthwhile having a protocol developed to encourage ease of access to on-line technical research on

council websites that are presented in a similar format. Finding a technical document on some council

websites, requires a modicum of luck: first that the document has been loaded, and secondly, that the

website is searchable in a forgiving manner.



One council has published a writing guide for scientists to support skill development in the writing of

reports and has required a community summary for each report. Perhaps research providers, too,

could usefully implement such a system?

Some councils give preference for conference attendance to those staff who present papers. Some

encourage speakers to do a ‘dry run’ in front of their colleagues to receive constructive feedback on

their presentation and to ensure that the presentation is at a required standard to confirm funding of

attendance in order to present.

One council actively encourages the option of staff secondments to and from CRIs and universities,

but have had limited uptake. The benefits to CRIs include 'coal face' experience of resource

management issues and clearer understanding of council needs. The benefits to the end-user

councils are that they have temporary access to expertise and experience.

Some of the current research projects and the proposed research suggestions match very closely,

indicating that issues identified over the last few years still exist and await resolution to the satisfaction

of water managers. There appears to be room for improvement in communication between councils,

providers and funders. The research description text on the MSI website is commonly filled with

jargon and the process by which money is granted, or research progress, is unclear. Discussions with

end-users indicates that some issues are declared ‘resolved’ by funders when from an end-user

perspective there is still a need for more work. This leads to the impression that a topic is ‘out of

favour’ with a funding agency and end-users are left with limited options in progressing work.

Only rarely can councils fund large research in its entirety from their own budgets. Appendix G

indicates that 19 of 77 projects in the last three years were undertaken by or alongside consultants;

and generally, large projects were funded externally. Examination of public website sources indicates

that the outcomes or deliverables for some of these research projects are not always clearly identified

(or accessible) on the website description of the research project.

4.5.4 Implementing research science within a planning context One or two councils described the difficulties of translating science research into policy and planning

documents via planning staff who are not themselves trained in science and uncertainty. Scientists

need to be cautious about conveying the meaning of science research to planners bearing in mind that

implementation of science may come with unintended consequences. Technical staff need to act as

'translators', bearing in mind the desired end-product. Some small councils, with few technical staff,

characteristically contain scientists who are deeply involved in the planning cycle and, therefore, have

less time to spend on science. The irony of this state of affairs is that it is the small councils who have

least funding for staff to communicate with their peers.

One of the issues for 'non-scientific' planners is that science is seen as 'the last word', which science

cannot be34. The role of scientists is to ensure reliable science that becomes available is understood

to be the latest word and will undoubtedly be improved upon in the future, and can be used, even if

uncertain. This use of uncertain science is hard to implement in the face of destructive interference

34 "Science says the first word on everything, and the last word on nothing" – Victor Hugo



clothed as the type of criticism35 employed in hearings and even within collaborative processes.

Experience has shown that there are 'deniers' and prevaricators around every corner.

It is important for research providers to address issues of uncertainty in order to defuse unwarranted

criticism from those who do not, or prefer not to, understand the distinction between science and a

fact. Some would argue that there are risks associated with implementing science that may be

incorrect, so the science should not be implemented to reduce adverse effects. The danger in this

approach is that on-going impacts are then not addressed. When, subsequently, the research is

proved to be sufficiently reliable, the damage is done. The risks associated with this too-cautious

approach are significantly greater than those associated with the alternative strategy of accepting the

science as reliable in the first place, taking appropriate action, and subsequently being proven to be

wrong. There is need to emphasize what would be lost if the science is not implemented, and what

would be gained if it were.

Most of the mitigation and adaptation actions that might be envisaged in light of the uncertain science

may be seen as improvements over the status quo, regardless of the veracity of that science.

4.6 Councils which do not ordinarily use external research providers

Not all councils use external providers of research; instead they tend to use their own resources to

fund and undertake research. Sometimes, nationally-funded research is undertaken for one or more

councils, that may be pertinent to the needs of a specific council, not party to or contributing to the

research. In that situation the results of that research may not always be communicated, although

some research providers distribute paper copies of reports to each council.

4.7 Effects of the recent change in research funding mechanism Several respondents to the questions remarked that some researchers are focused solely on

research. In the past these workers appeared to be driven by capturing funding rather than being

motivated to communicate their research to the needs of the end-users. This was not the always the

fault of the researchers for the reason given below.

There was a fully competitive funding model that was brought to New Zealand in the mid-1980s and

early 1990s, applied to science funding and many other government-funded public good programmes.

This funding model was removed from the health sector at an early stage but persisted for science

funding until 2012. It was changed in 2012 when it was realised that this funding model was not

producing outcomes that the nation's science users needed. The results of this last two decades of

funding have been less than optimum, with non-collaborative relationships between competing CRI

and other research organisations and a consequent loss of science capability. This loss is in part due

to the short-term funding cycle and a tendency for science fads at the expense of much-needed core

research in the environment sector. An increase in core funding relative to competitive funding for

CRIs is likely to resolve this issue. 35 For example, criticism of: Estimating nitrate-nitrogen leaching rates under rural land uses in Canterbury Environment Canterbury Technical Report No. R10/127.



However for any new, more effective funding model there must be strong end-user input into core

funding arrangements, research proposals and outcomes such that these meet the sector needs.

Effective communication of research to end-users also needs to be central to the new way of doing

science business.

4.8 Issues relating to communication between end-users and research providers

This section is a discussion on issues relating to communication between end-users and those that

provide research for them, along with some proposed solutions.

Issue 1: There is a need for additional encouragement given by council management to provide the

resources for technical staff to maintain and improve their awareness of what research is being carried

out, how, when and in what format it will be delivered to end-users. Discussions with current staff at a

number of councils has confirmed the writer's personal research and end-user experiences in several

countries that there is rarely an effective culture of technical communication. Small councils,

especially, find it hard just managing the workload, let alone trying to maintain a professional eye on

current research and how it might help them. This is compounded by an apparent lack of effective

communication between researchers and MSI (MBIE) indicated by the quality of easily-accessible

information, presented to the public at large, concerning details and progress of projects.

Communication between councils, research providers and government funders appears to be

undervalued by some parties.

Proposed Solution: Council management could facilitate the awareness necessary for the effective

performance of technical roles by providing time or means. Communication with end-users might be

improved from the funding agency, or from the research providers themselves. This could be in the

form of email newsletters, or web pages that are written in an engaging manner with versions for both

technical and resource management planning staff. Councils could advertise their own research,

either on their own websites and, or by making the lists of recent technical reports available on the

SIG website or a purpose-built website.

Issue 2: Technical staff, including those from small councils need to attend SIG meetings in order to

keep up to date with research. Technical staff from small councils cannot always attend SIG or RGWF

meetings because of limited travel funding or other workload priorities. Unfortunately, the importance

of attendance at RGWF is not considered a priority for some, especially small councils, with the result

that there are funding shortfalls for attendance. Even professional engagement between councils is

not always encouraged because opportunities for such engagement has rarely been budgeted in

advance. There is also a need for improvement of communication between scientists and resource

management planners within and between organisations. It is an inescapable conclusion that

engagement of council staff with scientists, in order to learn of the practical application of science to

develop policy, is commonly a low priority. This is not a criticism of central and local government

policy but just an unfortunate reality that needs to be addressed if effective science is to be

incorporated into resource management policies and plans.



Proposed Solution: Perhaps this could be addressed by budgeting staff time. The Regional

Groundwater Forum (RGWF) could arrange their bi-annual meetings to include effective

communication of research progress in a structured manner, including research results, progress

updates, and alerts for deliverables.

Issue 3: There is a trend towards a suite of research deliverables including at least one and generally

some or all of the following: workshops, accessible project reports to the specific co-researcher or end-

user(s), research papers in journals as indicated in Appendix K. Peer-reviewed papers are of little use

except to the literal handful of technical 'high-fliers' in regional councils who have developed

strategies, usually in their own time, to make time to understand the science. Furthermore, peer-

reviewed journals are rarely taken by councils, so that only those technical staff who pay a

subscription, or have physical access or subscribe to university libraries, can view them. Finally, it

needs to be remembered that dissemination of electronic copies of some peer-reviewed journals is

subject to copyright - they need to be paid for and one owner cannot distribute copies to colleagues

except under strict conditions (e.g. Lowry et al. 2003).

Fortunately, Envirolink-funded research tends to be more process-related and provides improved

technology transfer with the development of tools that are communicated by means of workshops. It

is fair to ask the question: "Are the workshops funded, located and timed so that all council scientists

who want to go, can?". It seems that more could be done to achieve improved communication of

research. Furthermore, in much the same way as in medical research, there is a need to know what

groundwater research did not work or was not completed, and why. It is considered that this should

also be in the public domain, and a strategy developed to avoid duplication of effort.

Currently, some council technical staff are trying, at great personal time and cost, to keep up with

current research. Limited council resources usually mean that this time cannot normally be budgeted.

The reality is that many small councils have limited funding caused by a small rating base from which

to spread funds across a wide range of legislative responsibilities. Unitary authorities especially, have

broad functions and limited rating and a resource-user base, so they sometimes struggle

economically. They experience both top-down and bottom-up pressure to keep rate and resources

user charges increases to a minimum, with the result that apparently non-productive tasks get pushed

down the list.

Proposed Solution: That research deliverables are much more clearly and publically stated. A mix of

intimate workshops rather than bland conference presentations, engaging charrettes with

knowledgeable staff36, email newsletters, or web pages, either from the funding agency, or from the

research providers themselves, could be used to improve communication.

Issue 4: In the face of conflicting methods of providing access on websites and through Customer

Service sections, councils and research providers might adopt a consistent ‘research commons’

approach to enable accessing of their published work via the web.

36 A charrette or multi-board poster has become a recognised technique for consulting with all stakeholders (end-users).



Proposed Solution: Development of a national protocol for the listing and publishing of research on the

internet, both on providers' and councils' sites and even on a purpose-built MBIE site.

Issue 5: There is a need for constant updating of research needs in the face of continuing

requirements from collaborative processes. The frequency of review of research needs as

documented in this report could usefully be undertaken at least once every two years.

Proposed Solution: Provide for funding the listing and publishing of research needs, perhaps on the

internet.

Issue 6: Research outputs need to be delivered as 'scientific commons' not subject to copyright or

royalty (e.g. Lowry et al. 2003) that limits their accessibility. It is recognised that national, or

international peer-review of research reports, equivalent to that inherent in the peer-reviewed

literature, is sufficient for acceptance in council plans.

Proposed Solution: Provide for funding to allow publishing of research outputs free of copyright fees,

for example in on-line open access journals.



5 Conclusions and Solutions

5.1 Conclusions The following conclusions have been developed from the data documented in this report and its

appendices:

At a high level, the range of priority science needs remains unchanged from previous

reporting. On a specific issue/subject level prioritising of science needs is contentious, and

has been attempted with limited input from council technical staff by the production of Table 1

and Figure 6. The following list of high-level critical research issues are, in decreasing order

of importance (most important higher up the list) to the water management community:

1. Establishing ecologically-sustainable nutrient load limits.

2. Establishing the transport and fate of nutrients and pathogens in a variety of groundwater

and hydraulically-connected surface water environments.

3. Effects of groundwater abstraction on surface water in-stream values.

4. Establishing sustainable groundwater allocation limits.

5. Vulnerability of groundwater and supply bores to land use.

6. Setting water quality baselines or reference states.

7. Making good management decisions around abstraction of hydrocarbons.

8. Saline intrusion risk in an environment of rising sea levels.

Some of the current research projects and previously-suggested research needs from end-

users were found to match very closely to this research needs assessment, indicating that

issues identified over the last few years still exist and await resolution to the satisfaction of

water managers. The general thrust and variety of research needs put forward by end users

was found to be not significantly different from those suggested in previous groundwater

needs assessments, and aligns with currently-funded research projects.

Examination of public website sources indicates that the outcomes or deliverables for some of

these research projects are not always clearly identified (or complete) on the website

description of the research project.

The data received from the various research organisations indicate that at least some of the

proposed research questions suggested by SIG are currently already being addressed as

long-term projects. This situation is consistent with the step-wise accumulation of results and

deliverables and the need for improved physical dissemination of research deliverables.

There is still a need to improve our ability to develop robust quantity and quality allocation

limits that provide sustainable use of the resource without further adverse effects on both

water quantity and quality.

There is an ongoing a need to improve the ability to link variations in land use and intensity

within a catchment to water quality outcomes, both in the short- and long-term.



The analysis undertaken during the assessment of research needs indicates that there is

room for improved communication between those with research needs and research

providers.

5.2 Solutions to Communication Issues The following recommended solutions developed in Section 4.8 are repeated here.

Issue 1: That there is additional encouragement given by council management to provide the

resources for technical staff to maintain their awareness of what research is being carried out, how,

when and in what format it will be delivered to end-users. Proposed Solution: Council management

could facilitate the awareness necessary for the effective performance of technical roles by providing

time or means. Communication with end-users might be improved from the funding agency, or from

the research providers themselves. This could be in the form of email newsletters, or web pages that

are written in an engaging manner with versions for both technical and resource management

planning staff. Councils could advertise their own research, either on their own websites and, or by

making the lists of recent technical reports available on the SIG website.

Issue 2: That technical staff, including those from small councils should attend SIG or Groundwater

Forum meetings. Proposed Solution: Perhaps this could be addressed by budgeting staff time. The

RGWF could arrange their bi-annual meetings to include effective communication of research

progress in a structured manner, including research results, progress updates, and alerts for

deliverables.

Issue 3: There is a trend towards a suite of research deliverables including at least one and preferably

all of the following: workshops, accessible project reports to the specific co-researcher or end-user(s),

research papers in journals. Proposed Solution: That research deliverables are much more clearly

and publically stated. A mix of intimate workshops rather than bland conference presentations,

engaging charrettes with knowledgeable staff37, email newsletters, or web pages, either from the

funding agency, or from the research providers themselves, could be used to improve communication.

Issue 4: That councils and research providers adopt a consistent ‘research commons’ approach to

enable accessing of their published work via the web. Proposed Solution: Development of a national

protocol for the listing and publishing of research on the internet, both on providers' and councils' sites.

Issue 5: That the frequency of review of research needs as documented in this report is at least once

every two years. Proposed Solution: Provide for funding the listing and publishing of research needs,

perhaps on the internet.

Issue 6: That research outputs are delivered as 'scientific commons' and not subject to copyright (e.g.

Lowry et al. 2003) that limits their accessibility. Proposed Solution: Provide for funding to allow

publishing of research outputs free of copyright fees, for example in on-line open access journals.

37 A charrette or multi-board poster has become a recognised technique for consulting with all stakeholders (end-users).



6 Acknowledgements I wish to thank the large number of council technical officers, research science providers and librarians

who provided the information documented in this report. Kathleen Crisley of Canterbury Regional

Council, Dougall Gordon of Hawke's Bay Regional Council, John Hadfield of Environment Waikato, Bill

Dyck of Envirolink, and John Wright of Environmental Science & Research, all facilitated the project.

7 List of appendices For ease of dissemination of this report, the following appendices are provided as separate pdf files,

some represented by large format tables that need to be printed at A3 size.

Appendix A: Scope of this Contributions to a Groundwater Strategy Report

Appendix B: SIG response to FRST request for feedback on groundwater research needs

Appendix C: Special Interest Groups Research Priorities (Plus Original Critical Issues &

Research Needs Extracted from 2009 Regional Council RS&T Strategy

Appendix D: Draft 2011 Regional Council Research, Science & Technology Strategy

Appendix E: 2012 SIG Research discussion and priorities spreadsheet

Appendix F: Excerpts from 3rd Land & Water Forum report

Appendix G: Research carried out by councils over the last decade

Appendix H: Recent research carried out by research organisations

Appendix I: Research topics suggested by councils

Appendix J: Recent research reports published by councils or research providers

Appendix K: Recent groundwater quality research carried out by research providers

1

Technical and decision-making services for a more sustainable world. DDI (03) 546 8532

M (+64) 027 3300 912 W www.elementalgeoconsulting.co.nz

E [email protected]

Mail: 12b Cambria Street, Nelson 7010

Name: Kathleen Crisley - Groundwater Resources Manager Address: Canterbury Regional Council Date: 24th October 2012 Project name: Envirolink Project 2012-3 Re: National Groundwater Research Strategy: identification and prioritisation

of research needs SCOPE DOCUMENT

Background

In September 2012, Horizons Regional Council, requested a grant from Envirolink. The

application was made on behalf of the Groundwater Forum, a Special Interest Group or SIG,

comprised of regional and unitary council members and representatives from the Ministry for

the Environment, where appropriate.

The application was granted in October 2012, and a consultant, Howard Williams, from

Elemental Geoconsulting Limited was contracted to undertake the compilation and analysis

work.

This document provides details of the proposed scope of work, the methods used, data

requirements, a timetable and, the deliverables. The original application for the grant and

detail on the background to the request is located on the Forum's shared workspace.

The project requires development of a National Groundwater Research Strategy that builds

on work already undertaken by the Regional Groundwater Forum, including results

published in the Regional Council Research, Science and Technology Strategy (revised

September 2011).

Objectives

The National Groundwater Research Strategy will consider all regional and unitary council

and central government priority groundwater research and technology needs. The key

objectives include:

undertake a “stock take” of groundwater research recently conducted and presently underway, building on data already collated by the Forum,

provide indications of the length of time required to investigate each research issue (short-long term) to help inform what research funding sources may be appropriate for the topic,

provide insight into the skill set(s) required to undertake the research,

identify and prioritise research needed by local and central government with suggestions on how this prioritisation system can be re-visited.

http://www.elementalgeoconsulting.co.nz/

mailto:[email protected]

2

The proposed outcome of the project is to ensure that future research needs are clearly

outlined and understood; this is the first step towards guiding future research proposals and

facilitating funding strategies for central government and other agencies.

For example, a response by the Groundwater Forum Special Interest Group, to the

Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) requesting feedback on

groundwater research needs, is included on the Forum's shared workspace. This response

describes two main issues confronting the groundwater community:

How can water resources be effectively and sustainably allocated between

competing uses?

How can defensible groundwater quality targets be set to provide acceptable long-

term environmental outcomes while enabling appropriate community-desired land-

use?

The development of the groundwater strategy will provide information to assist in the

answering of these questions.

Proposed scope of work

It is anticipated that the final Strategy will include:

an inventory of all groundwater research currently being conducted by or on behalf of

regional councils and central government with specific questions about who the end

user is for the research and their reaction to the research output,

lists of prioritised research topics along with notation of the skills required to

undertake the work, and an indication of the likely end-user,

indications of the length of time required for the research before tangible results will

be available for uptake.

The Strategy will not identify preferred research provider(s), recognising that staffing

changes affect the institutional capacity of providers and that some research topics may

require international collaboration or contribution.

The Strategy will focus on work that enables central and local government authorities to deliver on their responsibilities in water management.

It is intended to produce a 'living' groundwater strategy document such that it can evolve in a

dynamic fashion – the details for this proposal are part of the scope and will be discussed

with stakeholders.

Methods used

The following three tasks will be carried out, not necessarily in series but in parallel. It is

understood that the main water research providers other than the regional and unitary

councils include:

Crown Research Institutes (NIWA, Landcare, GNS, and ESR, Plant & Food, Ag

Research Limited, Industrial Research Limited),

private providers such as Cawthron and Lincoln Ventures,

tertiary education organisations, and.

Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment (formerly Ministry of Economic

Development (Petroleum and Minerals))

3

All of these organisations are potentially, currently, or have in the past been stakeholders in

groundwater-related issues.

Discussions with regional councils and central government to confirm what research has

been carried out by them:

that is completed,

that is in progress,

that is planned.

Discussions with regional councils and central government to understand key drivers such

as:

statutory responsibilities,

development of National Environmental Standards,

direction(s) indicated by the Land and Water Forum report,

Maori and iwi issues, Treaty of Waitangi obligations,

budget constraints, and

views regarding research needs/gaps.

Discussions with research providers to:

clarify what work has been done or may already be underway will also be required.

provide insights into what is feasible and how research topics may be classified on

the continuum from ‘blue skies’ to ‘technological stretch',

provide insights into the success of the research in informing or assisting the end-

user.

The discussions with councils and research providers or research users will be undertaken

in a structured way with a prepared list of questions designed to elicit the desired

information efficiently and promote similar levels of response.

During development of the strategy, the consultant will liaise with the equivalent consultant

supporting the Surface Water Integrated Management (SWIM) group, which is also

developing a research strategy. Where appropriate, research issues that acknowledge the

integrated nature of groundwater and surface water resources will be highlighted as well as

the role of water resources in a wider context. Contact will also be made with Reece Hill,

convenor of the equivalent Land Managers Group.

The strategy should not just be a list of topics but also identify themes of issues that

will change over time and our sector must be ready for (e.g., Maori and iwi issues,

climate change and sea level rise, HEP water supply, population and or demand

changes, market-driven changes in crop type).

Ecological issues to be included – there is the work of NIWA in groundwater

dependent ecosystems and then the connections with SWIM on surface water

quality (such as springs which are a surface expression of groundwater).

Land use issues to be included –the strategy should explicitly show the links about

land use effects on water quality and quantity and demonstrate connections to these

issues.

4

Data required

The project will obtain electronic access to all documents containing lists of research topics and reports that have been used for the development of a groundwater strategy, previously accessed, in order that this aspect of the work is not duplicated.

Furthermore, electronic access is required to all lists of current and recent research being carried out by regional councils and research organisations.

Timetable

This timetable has been adapted from that contained in the original application in light of a

conversation between members of the Forum.

26 November 2012: Project Scope circulated to members of the Regional Groundwater

Forum by 22 November 2012 and discussed at the 26th November meeting

9 March 2013: Draft strategy circulated to members of the Forum for feedback (a period of 2

weeks)

30 March 2013: Draft strategy submitted to project team

13 April 2013: Project team comments on strategy

30 April 2013: Proposed final strategy delivered to Convenor for circulation to Forum

May 2013 (date to be advised): Proposed final version discussed and any final changes

agreed at Forum meeting

29 June 2013: Strategy document finalised and delivered as a hard and electronic copy to

the Groundwater Forum, and a hard copy to Envirolink.

Outputs (deliverables)

The chief deliverable will be a written report containing the methods used and results obtained. The report will also include the chief components of the groundwater strategy database, with details on research themes, timing, implications of the strategy components, contributors, end-users, etc. This deliverable will become available by the end of the 2012-13 financial year (end-June 2013).

A database in MS-Excel format, indicating source, research theme, research type, research title, etc.

5

Presentation

Application made on behalf of SIG to Envirolink to compile an new National GW research strategy, building on existing work.

Granted.

Fall guy to compile.

What is it? Stock take of recently conducted and underway research

Length of time required for each project - guide for funders

Insight to skills needed

Identify and prioritise each type of research

Make sure needs are understood by government and other funders

Living document

Two typical needs:

allocation in a water-competitive world

water quality issues that stem from water use.

What (scope):

Inventory from all sources of research (govt, RCs, CRIs, Cawthron,etc.)

Prioritised topic lists - with skills and other resources needed (analytical tools, computing)

Time to complete.

How?

Questions to all research providers and stakeholders.

specific questions on current research to RCs and central government, end users, and their reaction.

list of topics with skills

key drivers (climate, iwi, RMA, budget)

current gaps and how to fill them

liaise with SW group, and possibly land group since all are tiled together.

Needs:

Electronic lists, reports on publications, etc. Some are in annual RC reports, though some have slipped off.

Time?

before June 2013, preferably earlier. Draft circulated in April 2013.

Output?

Report and database.

A response to the FRST request for feedback on groundwater research needs Background

FRST have requested feedback on immediate groundwater research needs from the Groundwater Forum (SIG) to aid in decision making for proposed imminent funding associated with Land and Water Forum. FRST acknowledge that groundwater research was under-funded by about 28 % in the previous recent funding round. A telephone conference between Justine Dawes, Ian Turvey (FRST) and Dougall Gordon and John Hadfield (Groundwater Forum - SIG) was held on 13/10/10 to commence engagement. It is well recognised that freshwater resources require integrated management. Water resources in sufficient quantity and quality are fundamental to New Zealand‟s environment, and also to underpin social, cultural and economic well-beings. Pressures on this resource are, however, increasing through land-use intensification and growing water demand. It is recognised that not all competing uses can be satisfied and priorities must inevitably be set. Groundwater is the less well understood component of freshwater and is often treated as a “black-box” and yet it represents over 90% of the available resource. Processes in groundwater tend to occur slowly but are very difficult to reverse. Being out of sight, it‟s easy to overlook but potential mis-management would have huge long-term implications. This is not only for future water supply but importantly also for indirect effects on surface water ecosystems. Groundwater research is inherently more expensive to undertake so priorities will inevitably need to be set. Current priority research questions of Regional Councils

Groundwater issues facing regional councils fall into two primary groups: groundwater quality and allocation. Important management questions which councils are currently dealing with include:

How can water resources be effectively and sustainably allocated between competing uses?

How can defensible groundwater quality targets be set to provide acceptable long-

term environmental outcomes while enabling appropriate community desired land-use?

1. Optimising Allocation

Although the allocation question is important and topical, the principal constraint often is socio-political direction rather than new science. For example, is it possible to provide any further allocation for competing needs in a catchment (closed hydraulically) where national prioritisation has been given to power generation? There are, however, some remaining science translation needs relating to „Optimising Allocation‟ of New Zealand aquifers. These include:

a. surface water groundwater interaction and potential to offset seasonal peak demand and evaluate conjunctive management in riparian zones;

b. opportunities to augment supply through a range of storage options and artificial aquifer recharge;

c. methods to determine sustainable yield to avoid saltwater intrusion;

d. potential effects on surface and groundwater quality from abstraction;

e. developing allocation models and mechanisms which include economic, cultural and social considerations;

f. characterising aquifer boundaries and flow paths within and between aquifer systems.

2. Towards Groundwater Quality Targets

The greater need for research and funding is into understanding processes impacting groundwater quality. Degradation of groundwater quality is the greater long-term threat. Only in recent times have the large time lags in the groundwater system (decades to hundreds of years) been fully appreciated. This has huge implications for future freshwater quality, given much of the land-use impacts have yet to be realised (i.e. equilibrium with water quality has not been reached). Lags and contaminant transformations complicate interpretation of monitoring and future effects prediction. In order to set scientifically defensible „groundwater quality targets‟ further research is required into the following:

a. occurrence and likely extent of contaminant attenuation (particularly nitrogen) within New Zealand groundwater and the vadose zone conditions;

b. time lags involved in contaminant migration through the groundwater system and the vadose zone;

c. development of predictive models of diffuse contaminant transport accounting for the above (lag and transformation) and considering uncertainty;

d. development of decision support mechanisms (linking with socio-economic considerations) for groundwater quality target setting looking back up the catchment from an endpoint perspective. (this would in turn enable realistic land use constraints to be imposed);

e. migration and attenuation of microbial pathogens to protect water supplies.

Future Research Although RCs can undertake some investigation of their groundwater resources this capability is limited due to fiscal and human resource constraints. Collaboration between CRIs and RCs on research commonly provides mutual benefit. The „boundary‟ is typically between monitoring (RCs) and process research (CRIs). We fully support collaborative research engagement between providers and RCs and we support any new initiatives that will enhance technology and information transfer. This could be in the form of direct participation to funded projects with RC staff. We also note that the past and present competitive funding model for environmental research in New Zealand has been a barrier to collaboration and integrated research and knowledge transfer as (CRIs) are expected to enable an economic return on their capability. However we welcome any changes to funding processes that enable a more stable or core funding platform for the CRI‟s and opportunities where Regional‟s Councils to be more closely engaged with CRI‟s and other research organisations. RCs strongly supported the groundwater research bids (only partially funded) in the previous round and a similar focus is reflected in the needs listed above. The research needs outlined above are two areas (as requested) of many more which merit attention and are listed by the Forum. There remains, for example, considerable fundamental investigation to establish aquifer characteristics and baseline trends to underpin management initiatives. Research is also required into methods to enhance collaborative water resource governance acknowledging social, economic, community and cultural values. The Groundwater Forum would welcome the opportunity to be involved in future discussions or „sand pit‟ processes.

This submission was compiled from feedback from forum members and specific input from the following key contacts; Dougall Gordon – Hawke‟s Bay regional Council Convener Groundwater Forum Special Interest Group John Hadfield - Environment Waikato Joseph Thomas - Tasman District Council Kathleen Crisely and Dave Scott - Environment Canterbury

1

2011 Special Interest Groups Research Priorities

Plus

Original Critical Issues & Research Needs

Extracted from

2009 Regional Council RS&T Strategy

(to be read in conjunction with the draft 2011 Regional Council Research, Science & Technology Strategy)

APPENDIX C

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Executive Summary

This document is in two parts. Part 1 is the “Regional Council Special Interest Group Research Priorities” report. The report summarises the key critical issues and research needs identified by thirteen of the Regional Council Special Interests Groups. The issues and needs were initially identified at a Futures Workshop in November 2010 and then slightly revised into their current form. They provide detail that complements the high level Regional Council Research, Science & Technology Strategy, which is currently in final draft form (as of June 2011). The Regional Council Special Interest Group Research Priorities report will be updated as priorities change and the most recent versions will be available on the Envirolink website (www.envirolink.govt.nz).

Part 2 is the original “Critical Issues and Research Needs” document that formed an appendix in the 2009 Regional Council RS&T Strategy. It is included here so that readers can compare the list of issues and research needs considered critical in 2009 with those identified by the Special Interest Groups today. Many of the issues have of course persisted, but others are new.

Document Links:

Part 1 Regional Council Special Interest Group Research Priorities (to accompany Regional Council Research, Science & Technology Strategy – September 2011)

Part 2 - March 2009 - Regional Council Critical Issues & Research Needs

3

Part 1 - Regional Council Special Interest Group Research Priorities (to accompany Regional Council Research, Science & Technology Strategy – September 2011)

Table of Contents

Regional Council Special Interest Group Research Priorities .....................................4

Special Interest Group Critical Issues and Research Needs .........................................4

National Air Quality Working Group....................................................................................4

Biosecurity Managers Group ..................................................................................................6

Biodiversity Forum ....................................................................................................................7

Land Monitoring Forum and Land Managers Group ......................................................8

Regional Waste Managers and Contaminated Land Forum ...................................... 10

Surface Water Integrated Management ........................................................................... 12

Groundwater Forum............................................................................................................... 13

River Managers Group ........................................................................................................... 14

Local Authority Environmental Monitoring ................................................................... 15

Coastal Planners Group ......................................................................................................... 16

Regional Policy Managers..................................................................................................... 18

Natural Hazards Group.......................................................................................................... 19

4

Regional Council Special Interest Group Research Priorities

Background

Regional Council Special Interest Groups (SIGs) presented, and later modified, their critical issues and research priorities at a Futures Workshop in November 2010. This document summarises the key critical issues and research needs for the SIGs and will be revised as priorities change.

This document shows a good clustering of like themes from across SIG boundaries and there are several inter-related critical issues between SIGS. For example Natural Hazards Critical Issue 5 is consistent with Local Authority Environmental Monitoring Critical Issue 1, and Natural Hazards Critical Issue 2 is consistent with Policy and Planning Critical Issue 1. Any duplication has purposefully been left in this document to reflect the integrity of the process, i.e., that SIGs have brought their thoughts to a common forum, and the Science Advisory group has taken the work on for the sake of integration, efficiency, leverage, etc. It is important to look out of conventional subject silos and to understand what others are doing and what is important to them.

Note: Each SIG has a longer list of Issues and Research Needs than is listed here, but these are the top priorities.

Special Interest Group Critical Issues and Research Needs National Air Quality Working Group

1. Critical Issue: Achieving accountability and effective air quality management appropriate to New Zealand emissions and solutions.

Research Need: • Studies that evaluate whether or not emission reduction measures adopted

throughout NZ are achieving desired health outcomes • Emission studies that investigate whether new technologies (e.g. low emission

wood burners) produce less emissions than old technology in practice. Important to NZ because: • Health effects are the primary driver for emission reduction programmes in NZ.

Most health effects analyses undertaken in NZ are based on overseas data, generally derived from large urban populations exposed to a different atmospheric chemical cocktail and perhaps via different exposure pathways. NZ needs to be certain that the emissions reductions being sought will have the predicted health benefits in the NZ context.

• The limited testing of real-life emissions of wood burners undertaken to date has produced some disturbing results. When tested some laboratory certified ultra low emission burners produced much higher emissions when installed and operated in a home situation. In some cases the real-life emissions exceeded those of the older burners they were intended to replace. These results call into question the efficiency and equity of some burner replacement programmes and needs further work.

5

2. Critical Issue: Identification of key emission sources and quantifying their contribution.

Research Need: • Substantial emission inventory review work is needed that compares inventories

and methods used across the country, investigates how emissions by source type vary by area (as a result of methodology, differences in assumptions etc), identifies methodological issues, estimates uncertainties and proposes robust validation methodologies. Emission studies should be conducted to provide emissions, hours of use, burn rates, emission rates and daily fuel use.

Important to NZ because: • Currently there is a poor fit between emissions calculated using emissions

inventories, emissions monitored at air quality monitoring sites, and emissions modelled using computer based simulation models. Problems with fit occur with both the magnitude and timing of peak concentrations. Cross analysis of data sets suggest that part of the problem relates to the accuracy and resolution of emission inventories and points towards the need for more sophisticated inventories, more national consistency and better guidance for practitioners.

3. Critical Issue: Achieving a better understanding of the human health impacts of

air toxics and other contaminants (e.g. BaP and formaldehyde).

Research Need: • An evaluation conducted of key air toxics, their measurement and potential

health effects in NZ. Investigations into affordable screening measurement/analytical methods are vital.

Important to NZ because: • Atmospheric contamination and its impact on human health is a very complex

area. Many toxic substances with potentially significant human health impacts are routinely used in transport (e.g. BaP) and industry (e.g. formaldehyde) and common in the atmosphere. Little is known of their individual or combined health impacts.

• These pollutants are not routinely monitored in NZ due to lack of suitable methodology and/or high sampling cost. Further research is needed to establish the magnitude of health impacts and develop cost-effective approaches to monitoring.

6

Biosecurity Managers Group

1. Critical Issue: Integrated and coordinated possum/predator control programmes on private land for both landscape and site-based control.

Research Need:

• Systems (tools and methodologies) to manage multiple pests at sites and across landscapes.

Important to NZ because:

• Significant contributions will be made toward achieving strategic biodiversity and economic objectives.

• The sustainability and cost effectiveness of multi-pest management will be increased over the long term. New tools will help optimise and retain benefits of Tb Vector management (25% of NZ land area).

• This has become especially critical in the post-Tb/transition period.

2. Critical Issue: Alternative toxins to 1080 and brodifacoum for mammalian pest control.

Research Need:

• Humane, cost-effective toxin, specific to target species, that are environmentally friendly, safe and acceptable to the public.


• 1080 and brodifacoum are under threat as pest control tools and focused research into alternative toxins is urgently required.

3. Critical Issue: Performance measurement tools for cost-effective pest management.

Research Need:

• Cost-effective performance measurement/outcome monitoring tools for protecting and enhancing biodiversity values through the application of pest management.


• This is essential for Regional Councils to meet their RMA and BSA requirements and to evaluate whether the money spent on pest control is producing the desired outcomes.

7

Biodiversity Forum In addition to the key issues and research needs identified by BMG above:

1. Critical Issue: Determining indicative pest levels for optimising biodiversity gains (How much is enough?).

Research Need

• The cost/benefit ratio for the control of various species is not well understood in terms of biodiversity gains. There is a need for research into the relative biodiversity gains from various levels of pest control affecting multiple pests (e.g., what is lost (in biodiversity) if possums are controlled to 10% residual trap catch (RTC) vs 2% and what costs (in dollars) are saved?)


• We know that more pest control nationwide is absolutely crucial to reversing the decline in biodiversity. We need to do more, but have no more money to do it with. We need to understand areas of potential savings and the associated trade-offs.

2. Critical Issue: Maximising gains and habitat connectivity in fragmented, productive landscapes?

Research Need

• Most of NZ is characterised by fragmented, highly modified ecosystems dominated by productive use. In that context, we must understand how to get the most value from biodiversity spending. Is it better to fence stock from forest fragments in pasture? Or to let stock in but spend money on rat control?


• Those fragmented ecosystems dominated by productive use are all we have left in most parts of NZ. We have little to work with and so must make the most of our efforts.

3. Critical Issue: Can biodiversity management be more 'holistic' to benefit both terrestrial and aquatic systems?

Research Need

• We need a better understanding of the relative costs and benefits of various management options that could benefit both terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity.


• Terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity needs are in practise often addressed separately. However, we suspect more value could be gotten from a holistic approach. For example, stream/riparian planting is a common high priority for many councils. However, those programmes generally are unlikely to have analysed what approach maximises the combined values of nutrient reduction, bird food sources, aquatic biodiversity needs, etc.

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Land Monitoring Forum and Land Managers Group

1. Critical Issue: Soils underpin much of the New Zealand economy and they are mainly valued for their contribution to primary production. The value of soil environmental services for contributing to water quality, biodiversity, and carbon storage etc., are poorly understood and appreciated.

Research Need:

• Methods to enable RCs to place financial and non-financial values on soil environmental services for determining tradeoffs for policy.

• Valuing ‘natural capital’ in a robust, defensible and transparent way that is capable of wide application across all natural resources.


• NZ is heavily dependent on primary production, which is underpinned by the soil resource. Assessing soil environmental services, beyond primary production, broadens the way in which soils can be valued. It also provides a means to link soil to water and biodiversity and placing a value of the management impacts on soil resources on off-site effects.

2. Critical Issue: There is a need for improved soil and land use information in order to increase primary production, better value environmental services, and improve the performance of catchment models to assist with land use planning and policy.

Research Need:

S-map completion: • S-map is an essential tool for policy developers and land managers; it provides

national consistency, access and interpretation. • S-map fills in the gaps of very patchy soil information used in NZLRI (large areas

of 1:250,000 scale) and is critical for catchment models.

Land use information: • Land use information needs to be updated as current availability, quality and cost

limits RC work. • Agribase and the Land Cover Database (LCDB) are two key examples. These

should be integrated for consistency. • The need for improved land use information is well known in central government

and has previously been identified as a priority need for Regional Councils.


• NZ is heavily dependent on primary production and soil resource information underpins efficient land use to maximise resource potential and to ensure appropriate soil management to minimise long term degradation of the soil resource.

• Soil and land use informatin underpins models that in turn are used for land use planning and decisions, all of which are becoming increasingly important as demand for soil/land resource increases.

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3. Critical Issue: There is widespread soil contamination throughout New Zealand, in many cases as a consequence of fertiliser applications. This is a critical issue for agricultural production and exports and also for residential subdivision. In extreme cases there are also issues for human health.

Research Need:

• Contaminants are predominantly fertiliser related but not exclusively and include: - Copper chrome arsenic – from treated timber, and for which a

lot of research questions are unanswered. - Zn – from facial eczema chemical treatment and from

powerlines. • Cd, F – from fertilisers

- Cd working group is finishing and a new strategy is required, including priorities and tiered guidelines.

• Biological effects of contaminants require further research to improve understanding.

• Key research gaps are in spatial distribution of contaminants, modelling, and accumulation rates.

• The issue has been previously identified and is well known in central government.


• Accumulation of soil contaminants can severely limit the availability of soils/land for production and subdivision (reduces land versatility), and can impose large costs for remediation.

• High levels of some soil contaminants pose a risk to human health, with thresholds breached within the next generation if no intervention.

4. Critical Issue: There is an increasingly serious issue concerning the impacts of nutrients and sediments on estuaries and coastal environments, which are used for production, recreation, tourism, and other environmental services.

Research Need:

• Understanding land use effects on nutrients and sediment generation and transport and the effects on estuaries, lakes and the coastal environment.

• Empirical, evidence-based approach to policy development integrating management of contaminants aligned to contaminant fate and environmental consequences.

• The issue has been previously identified and also appears in the Coastal SIG list of priorities.


• NZ’s coastal environments are used for recreation, tourism and aquaculture – degradation from contaminants will have negative impacts.

• Coastal environments have sensitive ecology which is important as part of the broader marine ecosystem, including fish breeding and population maintenance.

5. Critical Issue: Land use impacts on water quality are a major issue for New Zealand and despite considerable research effort there are still major gaps in our knowledge. Better understanding is critical to minimise negative impacts of productive land use on the downstream environment.

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Research Need:

• There is an ongoing need for better links between farm scale and catchment scale models; better understanding of the cumulative effects of land use on water quality; and transfer pathways and attenuation of nutrients and contaminants through soil and the vadose zone.

• Research is needed to improve links to accuracy of models; quality of soil and land input data; groundwater data.

• The issue has been previously identified and is also important to other SIGs, e.g., SWIM and GWF.


• Water is a resource under pressure, both quantity and quality. Maintaining good water quality ensures availability into the future.

• There are high remediation costs of degraded water quality that can be avoided.

6. Critical Issue: New Zealand’s ecosystems are at risk to the cumulative effects of activities on ecosystem structure, function and resilience.

Research Need:

• There is a need for improved understanding of natural ecosystem complexity, diversity and resilience, and the cumulative effects of on-site and off-site activities on natural systems.

• The issue has been previously identified.


• Long-term ecosystem diversity helps resilience against biosecurity risks, climate change impacts and maintains land use versatility.

Regional Waste Managers and Contaminated Land Forum

1. Critical Issue: There is widespread land (soil) contamination as a consequence of sheep dips, treated fence posts, leaky petrol tanks etc in soils. The issue is to develop practical means to deal with this issue including guidelines and remediation technologies.

Research Need:

• There is a need for improved understanding of ecological effects of contaminants (esp. on native species)

• Development of efficient ways to identify, prioritise and remediate hot spots • Understanding human factors (public, land owners, developers etc.) • Development of methods for remediation / management (including sampling) • Development of NZ risk-based guidelines and • Development of tools for behaviour changes and risk communication.


• Soil contamination can limit productivity, can lead to restrictions on the export of primary products, and can have implications to human health and thereby limit land use options.

• This issue has also been identified by the Land Monitoring Group.

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2. Critical Issue: Dealing with diffuse chemical contamination from agricultural and industrial practices like cadmium and fertilisers in soils, arsenic and dam in rivers and lakes.

Research Need:

• There is a need for issue specific risk assessment • Effective ways to monitor accumulation in environment including groundwater • Human factors research (public, industries, regulators etc.) • The development of NZ risk-based guidelines • Modelling contaminant fate and transport, and • Tools for behaviour changes and risk communication


• There are biodiversity, human health as well as land use issues associated with diffuse chemical contamination.

3. Critical Issue: There is a need to better deal with problem waste streams such as tyres, e-waste, construction and demolition, putrescibles etc including a need for better landfills.

Research Need:

• The development of effective technologies to deal with the waste streams that are economically viable (opportunities from new businesses, carbon sequestration, bioenergy etc.)

• Understanding the real cost of landfills • The development of waste minimisation technologies - new (but proven)

technologies / designs with economic data, and • Methodologies for behaviour changes and risk communication


• Some waste streams are creating problems for some communities and require solutions.

4. Critical Issue: There is a lack of an integrated, shared, and widely accepted system to collect, monitor and report on waste-related (quality) data in New Zealand.

Research Need:

• A method to legally connect data collected from various agencies. • Consistent data management and quality of data collected. • Research to address the attitude towards data collection. • Coordinated emergency response for all types of wastes. • New tools to quantify waste minimisation activities (re-use etc.) and a • System approach.


• Having a nation-wide data sharing system would provide opportunities to improve waste management in many parts of New Zealand.

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Surface Water Integrated Management

1. Critical Issue: Community change

Research Need:

• Social science research - how to effectively promote highly targeted behaviour changes towards desired ends amongst particular populations, for particular issues. Including a mix of policy options. Investigate impacts on, and ability for communities to adapt /respond to changes in their environment and the distribution of impacts including identification of equity issues and mechanisms to minimise negative consequences on well-beings.

• Identify examples of co-management models between Maori and Council and evaluate.


• Identification of the issue has not necessarily brought about the required behavioural change to make effect, by understanding how these changes can be made will increase NZ’s environmental performance.

2. Critical Issue: Uptake of existing science

Research Need:

• An age-old problem of transferability of science into the community and the consequent application; often this is more a time constraint issue of the recipients than science providers. A critical issue and probably a social science research need.

• Demystifying science to enable informed water resource debates


• A lot of science within NZ that has a significant applied component does not get into the community (whether local government, industry or domestic), this has lead to duplication of effort and slow uptake, resulting in unnecessary delays in addressing social, economic, cultural and environmental issues. Improving the uptake and articulating the message to multi-sector audiences will improve NZ’s environmental performance.

3. Critical Issue: Valuing environmental services

Research Need:

• Research to develop and trial new methodologies and tools to enable RC’s to place financial and non-financial values on environmental resource services. Valuing ‘natural capital’ in a robust, defensible and transparent way that is capable of wide application across all natural resources.

• Multivalue criteria analysis to enable robust water management decisions which enable communities expectations and deliverables to be met (i.e., balance values of communities for multiple protection while having regard to national and international requirements).


• There is a need to ensure decisions are made from robust frameworks that balance the four well-beings. This will ensure an easier path for planning both for statutory and participatory processes and ensure the “right” decisions are made.

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4. Critical Issue: Cumulative effects of activities on ecosystem structure, function and resilience

Research Need:

• Improved understanding of natural ecosystem complexity, diversity and resilience, and the cumulative effects of on-site and off-site activities on NZ natural ecosystems (i.e., how to avoid ‘death by a thousand cuts’ in our ecosystems; are there ‘tipping’ points and if so, when do they occur?)

• Ecotoxic compounds relative to NZ species – provide robust chronic and acute toxicity data relevant to NZ conditions. Includes threshold setting and scenario modeling. ANZECC guidelines are deficient in “real” NZ data on species toxicity


• Action equals reaction - over simplifying complex ecosystem processes can lead to unanticipated effects that can have critical outcomes for NZ’s environment and communities. The cost of mitigation and remediation could be greatly reduced if our decision making processes are robust and adaptive.

• The lack of NZ specific data on NZ species causes the setting of limits to be contentious. Validating to NZ species would reduce contentiousness and enable the setting of limits to be more robust and dependable.

Groundwater Forum

1. Critical Issue: Groundwater is in limited supply in some regions and there is a need to ensure that groundwater allocation is optimised.

Research Need:

• Understanding surface water groundwater interaction and potential to offset seasonal peak demand and evaluate conjunctive management in riparian zones;

• Opportunities to augment supply through a range of storage options and artificial aquifer recharge;

• Methods to determine sustainable yield to avoid saltwater intrusion; • Potential effects on surface and groundwater quality from abstraction; • Developing allocation models and mechanisms which include economic, cultural

and social considerations; • Characterising aquifer boundaries and flow paths within and between aquifer

systems.


• There is an urgent requirement to determine how water resources can be effectively and sustainably allocated between competing uses; and

• To determine how defensible groundwater quality targets can be set to provide acceptable long- term environmental outcomes while enabling appropriate community desired land- use.

• Additionally, although the allocation question is important and topical, the principal constraint often is socio-political direction rather than new science. For example, is it possible to provide any further allocation for competing needs in a catchment (closed hydraulically) where national prioritisation has been given to power generation?

2. Critical Issue: Groundwater quality is under threat in many regions particularly from nitrogen contamination. There is an urgent need to develop groundwater

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quality targets to set goals for improved management, however, there are many complicating factors such as time lags in contaminant migration through the groundwater system and chemical transformation processes that are not completely understood that are restricting the development of groundwater quality targets.

Research Need:

In order to set scientifically defensible “groundwater quality targets‟ further research is required into the following:

• Occurrence and likely extent of contaminant attenuation (particularly nitrogen) within New Zealand groundwater and the vadose zone conditions;

• Time lags involved in contaminant migration through the groundwater system and the vadose zone;

• Development of predictive models of diffuse contaminant transport accounting for the above (lag and transformation) and considering uncertainty;

• Development of decision support mechanisms (linking with socio-economic considerations) for groundwater quality target setting looking back up the catchment from an endpoint perspective. (this would in turn enable realistic land use constraints to be imposed);

• Migration and attenuation of microbial pathogens to protect water supplies.


• Degradation of groundwater quality is the greater long-term threat than groundwater availability. Only in recent times have the large time lags in the groundwater system (decades to hundreds of years) been fully appreciated. This has huge implications for future freshwater quality, given much of the land-use impacts have yet to be realised (i.e. equilibrium with water quality has not been reached). Lags and contaminant transformations complicate interpretation of monitoring and future effects prediction.

River Managers Group

1. Critical Issue: The nation's economic performance and community functioning remains at risk from flooding of our major river systems. Events with a return period on par with the March 2010 earthquake may cause damage and disruption on the scale of that event.

Research Need:

• The development and implementation of updated (state of the art) techniques for modelling and mapping to determine the economic risk of river flood hazards that are applied consistently regionally and nationally.

• The application of flood modelling to identify areas of greatest economic risk from flooding combining economic value with flood-risk areas and recommended approaches to mitigate that risk.


• This is critical to be able understand and categorise consistently around the country as to which areas are at greatest risk from flooding for strategic local and national planning and decision making.

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(Note that current best practice for Flood Risk Assessment such as NSZ 9401:2008 Managing Flood Risk – A process Standard; and MFE Preparing for Future Flooding – A Guide for Local Government in New Zealand, May 2010, could form the basis for flood risk assessment from the flood hazard mapping. Riskscape has the potential to assist with this process, however it does not at this stage have the flexibility or capability to analyise alternative mitigation options.)

2. Critical Issue: Climate change and future development effects on the economic sustainability of river schemes.

Research Need:

• Understanding how the effects of climate change and future development will impact on river systems is critical to their economic sustainability. This includes: - Understanding impacts of changes in extreme, annual and seasonal

rainfall, sea level rise and storm intensity, on the costs to schemes such as the need for higher standards of protection, more pumping, reduced levels of service or managed realignment of flood defences.

- Changes to the natural geomorphological (sediment transport and erosion) behaviour of our major river systems.

- Managing gravel resources and planning for use of this resource in an environment altered by climate change through differences in accretion and degradation.

- Changes to landform, vegetation and soil characteristics of the catchment and how interventions in these areas can assist in the mitigation of flood risk.

- Gaining a better understanding socio-economic profiles, energy use and transport choices into the future – including how many people and what assets are at flood risk currently and into the future.


• The effect of climate change on extreme rainfall duration and intensity, as well as annual and seasonal changes in rainfall has potentially significant implications for our river systems and flood management.

Local Authority Environmental Monitoring

1. Critical Issue: Regional flood estimation is based on the application of a tool that hasn’t been revised nationally since 1989. This is a tool that is utilised throughout NZ for both engineering and flood management purposes.

Research Need:

• The Regional Flood Estimation (McKerchar AI, Pearson CP. 1989. Flood Frequency in New Zealand. Publication No 20 of the Hydrology Centre. Christchurch: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research’) to be revised and updated.

• This tool needs to be updated based on the longer flow record and more comprehensive data that is now available throughout the country.

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• This tool provides a robust methodology that is widely used within New Zealand to enable flood magnitude and frequency to be determined, particularly within un-gauged catchments. This document is now 22 years old. Considerably more and better quality data is now available to enable this methodology to be updated. Much improved spatial coverage is now available as well as considerably longer flow records. It is important that the tool be updated to improve flood design information for river works, bridges and culverts.

2. Critical Issue: Councils and other engineering agencies need to be able to calculate river flow and flood frequency for the design of structures, however, New Zealand’s primary tool for flood analyses is now significantly dated.


• The design of structures that will withstand significant flood events is of critical importance to the New Zealand economy. All Regional Councils and many other engineering agencies reference this methodology when undertaking the design of structures in and adjacent to our nation’s waterways. It is important that this design work is undertaken using the best methodology and information available to ensure that efficient use of financial resources occurs in construction.

Coastal Planners Group

1. Critical Issue: The quality of NZ coastal waters is under threat of contamination from catchment development and the cumulative impacts of multiple contaminants. Guidelines and standards are required to enable more effective management and reduced impacts.

Research Need:

• Analysis of existing data to identify whether meaningful marine (estuarine, harbour, open coast) WQ guidelines/ standards suitable for use in coastal plans can be developed, at what spatial scales they can be applied, and guidance on appropriate monitoring approaches to determine compliance.


• Near-shore coastal and marine ecosystems are highly productive and biodiverse areas that provide a wide range of goods and services, many with iconic status, that are of particular social, cultural and economic value to NZ. However, the very characteristics that provide for their high productivity, such as shallow sheltered waters receiving enriching land-sourced discharges, also exposes them to potentially catastrophic risks of contamination and water quality degradation as their catchments are developed.

• Effective management of these precious resources requires regulatory interventions guided by robust and reliable ecosystem condition indicators (e.g. guidelines, standards). No such guidelines currently exist specific to NZ marine and estuarine waters.

• The research is directed at filling this critical information gap as well as providing advice on how the resultant guidelines can be applied and implemented.

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2. Critical Issue: There is limited understanding of the cumulative effects of human activities on estuarine and coastal ecosystems and this lack of knowledge limits effective management of ecosystem values.

Research Need:

• Including point and diffuse sources, transport mechanisms, effects (sublethal, synergistic, antagonistic) of multiple stressors on marine flora and fauna, structure, function and resilience and indicators (potentially including biomarkers as indicators of sub-lethal stress), and determining carrying capacity .


• Coastal ecosystems rank among the most productive ecosystems on earth, are of great social, cultural and economic importance to NZ, but are also highly threatened by exposure to a multitude of stresses levels of both ocean-and land-based human activities increase.

• Current management primarily considers activities in isolation; however, focussing on single stressors is inefficient and often ineffective because co-occurring human activities lead to multiple simultaneous impacts.

• Mechanisms available to address cumulative effects under the RMA are limited and we have only limited scientific knowledge of how stressors interact and how ecosystems respond to multiple stressor exposures.

• The research is directed at filling gaps in our scientific understanding of cumulative impacts upon our valued coastal ecosystems so that they can be more effectively managed.

3. Critical Issue: Agriculture intensification and urban development are greatly increasing the discharge of nutrients to estuarine and coastal areas and the effects on coastal ecosystems are poorly understood.

Research Need:

• There is a need for improved understanding of point and diffuse nutrient sources, transport mechanisms, effects of nutrients on marine flora and fauna, structure, function and resilience; and also indicators (potentially including biomarkers) of sub-lethal stress, and determinants of carrying capacity. Tools, based on this research, are required to enable effective management and reduced negative impacts.


• The progressive development of the majority of NZ’s land area from natural terrestrial ecosystems towards agricultural productivity, and urbanisation for our growing population, has resulted in greatly increased discharges of nutrients to fresh water and near-shore coastal ecosystems.

• These aquatic ecosystems are of great social, cultural and economic value to the country, but they are under threat if nutrient effects are not properly understood and effectively managed.

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Regional Policy Managers

1. Critical Issue: There is a need for more and better tools to assist in the analysis of and responses to natural hazard risks.

Research Need:

• In this is quite a large portfolio of research need to be considered, including managed retreat, insurance as a tool for managing risk and the 4R’s – emergency management. In the past most hazard responses are captured by engineers and this approach has not really given us the tool to manage the residual risk component. Specific criteria against which risk is assessed would be very helpful as would an idea of what’s acceptable risk? It is noted that there are some international standards and work in this area, however the criteria aren’t specific enough to measure against. What’s the spectrum of intervention options?


• Generally there is a lack of coverage of the natural hazards area in the original CI&RN document (March 2009). There is an overall need for better tools to assist with the analysis of, and responses to, hazard risks. There are some standards available, but more research is needed to provide a more robust and defensible position to address hazard risk more effectively, and to give decision makers confidence. The key issue is risk management - how to deal with risk. This includes residual risk, which is seen as a critical planning issue around questions of where development is appropriate in relation to our understanding of the various risks.

2. Critical Issue: There is a lack of research capability for investigating policy effectiveness and a lack of tools to model likely effectiveness of policy options.

Research Need:

• There is a need for new research capability in regard to policy effectiveness in environmental management, particularly in the context of the RMA. There is an opportunity to package up this idea and take it to central government to develop new capability in NZ. Termed consequences evaluation the idea is to actively undertake research into the difficult area of assessing the efficacy of different policy approaches. A first step would be to develop a business case justifying the benefits of developing greater capability in New Zealand.


• Currently there are limited tools and limited research capability to determine the effectives of environmental policies in New Zealand. There is a need for this type of research to be integrated with State of the Environment and Long-term Plan monitoring. Regarded as being relatively easier in water management it is clearly a more difficult task in areas such as conservation management etc. Importantly, such a research stream would need to determine what produced the benefit and make connections with other disciplines, including economics, the biophysical sciences, social sciences and with existing programmes.

3. Critical Issue: Methods for determining priority access to water are currently limited. This is a critical issue for situations where water has been fully allocated and/or where there is intense and increasing competition for scarce water.

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Research Need:

• There is a need for greater research effort into methods for determining priority access to water.


• This type of research would be especially useful if it focused on what might be done in cases of full allocation and competition. There are a couple of options to consider, each with problems. The Land and Water Forum is dealing with this, as is MfE. Is there a research requirement? Views across regions are influenced by understanding of current law. No one is, however, really looking at how to design a system to deal with scarce water. The Land and Water Forum may provide something useful. There is a need for coordination with SWIM and GWF.

Natural Hazards Group

1. Critical Issue: Low lying coastal areas are potentially vulnerable to storm surge and sea level rise. There is a need for complete LiDAR coastal survey data to provide underpinning data to assess hazard risk for these coastal areas.

Research Need:

• A cost effective alternative to conventional ground surveying for medium to large-scale terrain modelling projects. The NZ Geospatial Office is looking to publish NZ description (metadata) coverage extent of LiDAR (a lot of the data has been provided by RC’s) but there are still large gaps.


• Nation-wide coastal LiDAR enables identification of vulnerable low lying coastal areas and provides digital terrain elevation data that can be used quantitatively in modelling storm surge inundation and sea level rise. When conducted at low tide it can obtain high resolution coverage of the intertidal zone that is not easily surveyed by any other method. This area is an important part of modelling any processes in the foreshore, and as also proved an excellent tool for surface fault-line mapping.

2. Critical Issue: Seismic hazard research including all the hazards associated with earthquakes e.g. (ground shaking and amplification; liquefaction and lateral spreading; slope failure (rock fall and landslides); fault rupture) throughout NZ.

Research Need:

• Fault trace mapping according to the MfE Guidelines “Planning for development of land on or close to active faults” (Kerr et al 2003). Priority for all Class I faults and should determine where possible fault locations, types, return periods and establishment of Fault Avoidance Zones (FAZ).

• Liquefaction research to include improving methodology for evaluating liquefaction susceptibility and hazard, and undertaking mapping in known risk areas.

Important to NZ because: • Earthquakes are a feature of much of New Zealand and appropriate planning

needs to be applied to avoid unnecessary land development risk. • Once faults are identified through continued fault trace mapping we can

implement “Planning for development of land on or close to active faults” guidelines (MfE Guidelines). Priority needs to be given for all Class I faults and

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should determine where possible fault locations, types, return periods and establishment of Fault Avoidance Zones (FAZ).

• Liquefaction hazard information can be used by councils and the community to ensure appropriate advice is obtained from chartered professional engineers about using foundation details that provide enhanced building performance on land where liquefaction and/or lateral spreading could occur, while awaiting new national guidance from the Department of Building & Housing on lessons learnt from Canterbury on building performance requirements expected in the future.

3. Critical Issue: Much of coastal New Zealand is exposed to significant risk from tsunamis and more tsunami inundation mapping is required to fully identify this risk.

Research Need:

• Develop inundation hazards maps based on dynamic wave propagation models – focussed on areas of greatest risk. These inundation maps need to be adequate for evacuation planning using the methodology outlined in the MCDEM Directors Guidelines ‘Tsunami Evacuation Zones’ DGL 08/08, and ultimately land use planning.


• GNS Tsunami Risk Report 2005 concluded NZ’s ongoing risk from tsunami is significant. Central government (MCDEM) advocates for the development of tsunami evacuation zones throughout NZ, and tsunami inundation mapping is an essential first step.

4. Critical Issue: Councils need to have a better appreciation as to what level natural hazard risk becomes acceptable to be able to use this knowledge in land use planning.

Research Need:

• Further research is needed to provide guidance to Councils on how to include natural hazard risk into land use plans and how to determine what an acceptable level of risk is.


• There is a need to know at what levels (social, economic, environmental, cultural, and health and safety criteria (LG, RM, CDEM Acts)) natural hazard risk becomes acceptable (CDEM Act, s 3(b)), tolerable (AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009, clause 5.3.5, 6th bullet) and intolerable (SAA/SNZ HB 436:2004, ch 7). There is also a need to provide guidance on how to include hazard risk into land use plans i.e., better tools to assist with the analysis of, and responses to, hazard risks.

5. Critical Issue: Councils need to be able to predict river flood and flow frequency, however, New Zealand’s national flood risk maps are out of date and need to be revised to provide more accurate information.

Research need:

• There is a need for the report ‘McKerchar AI, Pearson CP. 1989. Flood Frequency in New Zealand. Publication No 20 of the Hydrology Centre. Christchurch: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research’ to be revised and updated.

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• All Regional Councils reference this report for flood flow & frequency but at 21 years old, a review is overdue. NIWA has been aiming for this revision with proposals to FRST & commenced work under other projects, such as Riskscape. But there have been constraints and there is limited progress to date.

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Part 2 - March 2009 - Regional Council Critical Issues & Research Needs

Introduction This document presents the critical issues and research needs

considered to be of very high strategic importance by New Zealand’s Regional Councils over the next 20 years. In developing the document he priority was to look beyond a pre-occupation with immediate needs, to anticipate what councils might have to deal with in the future and so bring timely research to bear; but this principle was not followed exclusively in developing the agreed list of critical issues. The document also indicates “Themes” or “cross-FRST portfolio” topics that the Regional Councils consider need to be addressed by FRST and other government departments. Additional important critical issues and research needs are included on the Envirolink Website (www.Envirolink.govt.nz).

Critical Issue Research Needs

Valuing environmental services

• Research to develop and trial new methodologies and tools to enable RC’s to place financial and non-financial values on environmental resource services. Valuing ‘natural capital’ in a robust, defensible and transparent way that is capable of wide application across all natural resources.

Accumulation of contaminants in soils – resulting from the application of fertilisers and other chemicals etc. - the side effects of productivity-modifying actions

• In a future world of alternative fertilisers (e.g., slags, biochar, effluent, chicken litter) and pesticides, what will be the consequences of use on the soil-water system (e.g. potential effects upon soil structure and quality, groundwater and surface water receiving environments, carbon sequestration) and the risks for productive and consumptive uses of the system (including plant and animal production and human occupation of sites).

Application of planning mechanisms and social and economic research for land use changes

• Development of planning tools, including social and economic research, for investigating the implications and consequences of future land use changes. Tools may include models.

Understanding the impacts of nutrients and sediments on estuaries and coastal environments – both urban and rural context

• Land use effects on nutrient and sediment generation and transport and effects on estuaries and coastal environments, including sublethal, synergistic (or antagonistic) effects of multiple stressors and interactions

Determine the assimilative capacity of estuarine/coastal receiving environments and ascribe land-based contaminant management standards and targets

• Need an empirical, evidenced-based approach to policy development that integrates management of contaminants at source (land-based) aligned to contaminant fate (transport mechanisms) and environmental consequence (ecological impact).

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Critical Issue

Research Needs

Control tools for biosecurity pest management

• Development of new control tools for pest management – such as a replacement for 1080 and brodifacoum should their use be curtailed in the future (need for greater central Govt effort)

• Characterisation and control methods for aquatic pests – both freshwater and marine

Cumulative effects of activities on ecosystem structure, function and resilience

• Improved understanding of natural ecosystem complexity, diversity and resilience, and the cumulative effects of on-site and off-site activities on NZ natural ecosystems (i.e. how to avoid ‘death by a thousand cuts’ in our ecosystems; are there ‘tipping’ points and if so, when do they occur?)

Urban stormwater management

• Address barriers to science and technology transfer on what is known about stormwater diversion, retention, treatment, and utilisation in urban areas; both greenfield and brownfield. Development of robust indicators identifying contamination issues and ecosystem changes (by stormwater) in natural systems.

Sustainability frameworks to evaluate community wellbeing and quality of life

• Development of innovative methods to evaluate community wellbeing and quality of life – for example, genuine progress indicators; and advice on how to achieve effective application of such methods in strategic community decision-making cycles.

Technologies to improve air quality

• Development, and/or technology transfer, to improve options to abate air quality emissions from existing home and industry sources in energy efficient ways (Note: the National Environmental Standard focuses on new sources, not existing ones)

Managing primary production systems under increasingly constrained inputs (water, soil, land)

• Techniques and tools for managing primary production systems under constrained inputs; what might ‘constrained input’ agriculture look like; what new environmental pressures might it bring, or existing pressures might it ease?

• Optimising and integrating existing nutrient management tools. E.g., SPASMO etc. Improved agricultural nutrient models e.g., OVERSEER, to manage non-point source discharges and consequent effects, not just on-site nutrient balancing; need for greater reliability under a range of specific conditions.

• Mechanisms for sustainable water management and allocation efficiency and equity; including valuing of water and understanding of social distributive issues etc

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Critical Issue

Research Needs

Aquaculture impact on benthic systems

• Understanding the positive and negative impacts of aquaculture on benthic systems (both freshwater and marine) including the associated benthic invertebrate and fish communities.

Environmental performance evaluation including auditing and certification

• Robust defensible protocols for identifying, measuring and evaluating environmental performance, for the benefit of producers (accountability to consumers), their market/consumers (choice); and for environmental regulators (full environmental impact assessment).

High class soil management • How can we value high quality lands (i.e., soil-climate systems) that are under pressure from non-productive land use development (e.g., urban sprawl onto highly productive lands)

Waste management • Reuse or recycling of solid waste and wastewater. All waste types. Productive reuse, and integration with other values e.g. wastewater for carbon sequestration irrigation

Technological hazards • Technological hazard and risk analysis – e.g., power outages- likelihood, vulnerability analysis

Climate change • Planning for impacts of climate change – adaptation to risks including opportunities presented by climate change.

• Impacts of climate change on indigenous biodiversity values and change including what are the biodiversity values and resources most at risk?

Community change • Social science research - how to effectively promote highly targeted behaviour changes towards desired ends amongst particular populations, for particular issues. Including a mix of policy options.

• Investigate impacts on, and ability for communities to adapt /respond to changes in their environment and the distribution of impacts including identification of equity issues and mechanisms to minimise negative consequences on well-beings.

• Identify examples co-management models between Maori and Council and evaluate their effectiveness.

• Identify links between social, economic, cultural and environmental well-beings and evaluate the effectiveness of their inclusion in council and other agencies decision making.

25

Themes or Cross-Portfolio Topics that Need to be Addressed Introduction The Regional Councils have also identified a number of themes that

cut across research areas and portfolios that need to be addressed primarily by Central Government. A “Comment” column is included that indicates the main audience for communication.

Theme or Cross-Portfolio Topic Comment

Mechanisms to identify, access and harness economic drivers that lead (knowingly or unknowingly) to desirable environmental change. Need to be able to counter short-run pricing positions by government or resource user sectors with sound science-based environmental policy; i.e. how to make environmental science more effective in policy formulation as a driver of societal change. Institutional ways of operating. How do you slow down what’s going on – with science? Influence. Developing own economic drivers.

Links in with more than just FRST – should also be communicated to MED, MAF, and MfE.

Social science research - how to effectively promote highly targeted behaviour change towards desired ends amongst particular populations, for particular issues. Including a mix of policy options.

To be communicated to FRST and others.

Future proofing of science capability in NZ. Communicate to FRST and MRST.

Integrating water quality and land-use research – but also in relation to community change.

Communicate to FRST and MRST.

Maintaining environmental (green image) integrity; proof of environmental 'acceptability'- robust, comprehensive, and practical certification of environmental quality of production, for consumer approval (e.g. an answer to the debate over 'food miles'), and as a regulatory tool describing environmental performance.

Broad policy issue to be communicated to MfE, MAF, MED, MRST, FRST

Better methodologies for balancing economic and societal/cultural values e.g. balancing economic pressures from aquaculture, tourism and forestry industries, while taking regard of community aspirations to maintain tranquillity, attractive landscapes, clean air and water, heritage features and terrestrial marine flora and fauna.

Discuss with MfE, MED, MAF etc.

Need to incorporate system complexity in the identification and understanding of links between land-use activities and receiving environments.

Mainly a FRST issue.

Biodiversity and pest management prioritisation setting technologies need to be developed to assist RC’s Includes tools to assist RC’s to make a stock take of biodiversity values and pests. Tools that could provide an inventory of values at sites with an overlay of pest impact, including the relationship between pests. A National biodiversity inventory, information and management system (including a database) is required; (LENZ would be a subset of this); lends itself to a Platform approach; Framework for thinking: what have we got, how does it work, how do we keep it?

This primarily concerns integrated tool development – and part of a theme that RC’s need to communicate to FRST. It is of high importance for RC’s but it’s something RC’s need to do with research provider assistance. Possibly recommend this as a Platform to FRST.

26

Theme or Cross-Portfolio Topic Comment

National water monitoring methodologies.

Discuss with MfE.

A water platform might be from surface to estuary. Integration key. Something to discuss. SWIM.

Philosophical point to discuss with FRST.

Databases of national significance (water, climate etc) need to be connected – also National Hydrometric Network. Also consider national databases for pests and risk modelling tools.

Encourage FRST; another philosophical point to make

Biodiversity - how can we better measure what difference we are making?

Discuss with DOC, MfE and FRST/MRST.

The generic challenge is integrated assessment & dynamic modelling of systems (resource and ecosystems) for running and evaluating scenarios including the analysis of risk and uncertainty with each scenario

A complex topic to discuss with MfE, MRST and FRST.

Appropriate standards for contaminated land –e.g., for residential use in the context of high rises and apartments, instead of in context of ‘1/4 acres section’ growing vegetables etc. Also, for ecologically-based environmental acceptance criteria for contaminated sites – as opposed to merely human health issues Bioaccumulation risk profiling and comparative risk assessment from older agricultural and horticultural sites still in production or under residential development scenarios: this work to underpin or support NES for contaminated sites.

To discuss with MfE.

Robust methods for improving our ability to predict consequences of different policy options and evaluate the effectiveness of management actions on the environment.

To discuss with MfE

Impacts of intensive agricultural practices on soil quality and water systems (surface and groundwater)

To discuss with FRST as part of the “platform” discussion

Options for enhancing soil quality/integration with other co-benefits such as carbon sequestration

Discuss with MfE, MAF.

Biosecurity - how can we better measure what difference we are making at reducing risk and managing pests? How can we best target limited resources?

Discuss with MAF and DOC.

Continued investigation of hazards and risks to the NZ community including work on NZ standard for Flood Risk Management.

Discuss with FRST.

The role of science to stimulate discussion on sustainable development. How can science play this role?

Discuss with MRST and FRST.

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APPENDIX D

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TTThhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy hhhaaasss aaalllsssooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeeeddd ttthhheee cccaaatttaaalllyyysssttt tttooo iiimmmppprrrooovvveee cccoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaatttiiiooonnn bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss iiinnn iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg lllooonnngggeeerrr---ttteeerrrmmm rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd sssccciiieeennnccceee cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy nnneeeeeedddsss,,, aaannnddd tttooo ssshhhaaarrreee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss... IIInnn ttthhheee lllaaasssttt tttwwwooo yyyeeeaaarrrsss,,, ttthhheee SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss hhhaaavvveee ppplllaaayyyeeeddd aaa vvveeerrryyy uuussseeefffuuulll rrrooollleee iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss aaannnddd cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaatttiiinnnggg ttthhheeessseee tttooo aaallllll ttthhheee SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss iiinnn ttthhheee FFFuuutttuuurrreeesss WWWooorrrkkkssshhhoooppp hhheeelllddd iiinnn NNNooovvveeemmmbbbeeerrr 222000111000... TTThhheee rrreeevvviiissseeeddd 222000111111 SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrrooopppooossseeesss tttooo cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee ttthhhiiisss rrrooollleee tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy lllooonnngggeeerrr---ttteeerrrmmm rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy nnneeeeeedddsss aaasss wwweeellllll,,, aaannnddd tttooo eeennnhhhaaannnccceee iiinnnttteeerrr---cccooouuunnnccciiilll cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd sssuuuppppppooorrrttt...

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TTThhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy wwwiiillllll aaalllsssooo cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr fffooorrrmmmaaalll iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeemmmeeennnttt bbbyyy cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss iiinnn rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiisssaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn,,, aaannnddd iiisss eeessspppeeeccciiiaaallllllyyy fffooocccuuussseeeddd ooonnn ppprrrooovvviiidddiiinnnggg aaa uuunnniiifffiiieeeddd vvvoooiiiccceee iiinnn WWWeeelllllliiinnngggtttooonnn... TTThhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy hhhaaasss fffooouuurrr mmmaaaiiinnn GGGoooaaalllsss::: (((111))) PPPrrrooovvviiidddiiinnnggg tttiiimmmeeelllyyy,,, aaauuuttthhhooorrriiitttaaatttiiivvveee aaannnddd rrreeessspppeeecccttteeeddd dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn tttooo sssccciiieeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg;;;;; (((222))) CCCaaatttaaalllyyysssiiinnnggg aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccciiinnnggg sssccciiieeennnccceee dddeeellliiivvveeerrryyy ––– cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy,,, cccaaapppaaaccciiitttyyy,,, aaannnddd tttaaarrrgggeeetttiiinnnggg;;;;; (((333))) SSSccciiieeennnccceee uuuppptttaaakkkeee oooppppppooorrrtttuuunnniiitttyyy aaannnddd fffaaaccciiillliiitttaaatttiiiooonnn;;;;; aaannnddd (((444))) !eeeccceeeiiivvviiinnnggg fffeeeeeedddbbbaaaccckkk aaannnddd uuupppdddaaatttiiinnnggg ttthhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy...

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!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !SSSTTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy SSSeeepppttt 222000111111 PPPaaagggeee iiivvv

cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy wwwiiillllll bbbeee dddeeevvveeelllooopppeeeddd aaannnddd mmmaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnneeeddd;;;;; aaannnddd ssstttrrrooonnngggeeerrr pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrrssshhhiiipppsss wwwiiillllll dddeeevvveeellloooppp bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaannnddd wwwiiittthhh ooottthhheeerrr aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss... IIImmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn iiisss kkkeeeyyy tttooo ttthhheee sssuuucccccceeessssss ooofff ttthhhiiisss SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy aaannnddd ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss wwwiiillllll ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa dddeeedddiiicccaaattteeeddd rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiisss kkkeeepppttt aaallliiivvveee,,, iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttteeeddd,,, aaannnddd rrreeevvviiieeewwweeeddd iiinnn aaannn aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee aaannnddd tttiiimmmeeelllyyy mmmaaannnnnneeerrr...

RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh PPPrrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss

TTThhheee rrreeevvviiissseeeddd SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeesss ttthhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt hhhiiiggghhh---llleeevvveeelll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss fffooorrr !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaasss:::

111... PPPooollliiicccyyy EEEffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeennneeessssss

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222... FFFrrreeessshhhwwwaaattteeerrr

WWWaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh wwwiiillllll rrreeemmmaaaiiinnn aaa hhhiiiggghhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy fffooorrr cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaasss ppprrreeessssssuuurrreee ooonnn rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueeesss tttooo gggrrrooowww... HHHooowwweeevvveeerrr,,, ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh qqquuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss aaarrreee bbbeeecccooommmiiinnnggg mmmooorrreee cccooommmpppllleeexxx aaannnddd ttthhheee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennnttt iiisss fffooorrr bbbooottthhh tttoooooolllsss tttooo hhheeelllppp mmmaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss,,, bbbuuuttt aaalllsssooo rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnneee hhhooowww tttooo eeeffffffeeecccttt bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooouuurrraaalll ccchhhaaannngggeeesss... FFFooorrr mmmaaannnyyy iiissssssuuueeesss ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn dddooonnneee aaannnddd ttthhheee aaannnssswwweeerrrsss aaarrreee kkknnnooowwwnnn,,, aaannnddd nnnooowww ttthhheee rrreeesssuuullltttsss nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee cccaaarrrrrriiieeeddd ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh iiinnntttooo eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee pppooollliiicccyyy... !eeelllaaattteeeddd tttooo ttthhhiiisss ttthhheeerrreee iiisss aaalllsssooo aaa ppprrreeessssssiiinnnggg nnneeeeeeddd,,, fffooorrr wwwaaattteeerrr aaannnddd fffooorrr ooottthhheeerrr rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaasss wwweeellllll,,, tttooo rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeewww mmmeeettthhhooodddooolllooogggiiieeesss tttooo eeennnaaabbbllleee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo ppplllaaaccceee fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll aaannnddd nnnooonnn---fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss ooonnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee ssseeerrrvvviiiccceeesss (((ssseeeeee !eeesssooouuurrrccceee VVVaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn))) aaannnddd ooonnn iiinnnttteeerrrvvveeennntttiiiooonnn mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeesss... FFFooorrr aaallllll wwwaaattteeerrr rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss ––– sssuuurrrfffaaaccceee,,, gggrrrooouuunnndddwwwaaattteeerrr,,, eeessstttuuuaaarrriiinnneee,,, aaannnddd cccoooaaassstttaaalll eeecccooosssyyysssttteeemmmsss ttthhheeerrreee iiisss aaa nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeeetttttteeerrr uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd ttthhheee cccuuummmuuulllaaatttiiivvveee iiimmmpppaaaccctttsss ooofff aaaccctttiiivvviiitttiiieeesss ooonnn wwwaaattteeerrr qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy... TTThhhiiisss rrreeelllaaattteeesss dddiiirrreeeccctttlllyyy tttooo MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn’’’sss tttaaarrrgggeeettt tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy eeecccooolllooogggiiicccaaalll llliiimmmiiitttsss... MMMeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmmsss aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee tttooo aaaddddddrrreeessssss cccuuummmuuulllaaatttiiivvveee eeeffffffeeeccctttsss uuunnndddeeerrr ttthhheee !MMMAAA aaarrreee llliiimmmiiittteeeddd aaannnddd wwweee hhhaaavvveee ooonnnlllyyy llliiimmmiiittteeeddd sssccciiieeennntttiiifffiiiccc kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee ooofff hhhooowww ssstttrrreeessssssooorrrsss iiinnnttteeerrraaacccttt aaannnddd hhhooowww eeecccooosssyyysssttteeemmmsss rrreeessspppooonnnddd tttooo mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee ssstttrrreeessssssooorrr eeexxxpppooosssuuurrreeesss aaannnddd tttooo rrreeemmmeeedddiiiaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd mmmiiitttiiigggaaatttiiiooonnn mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeesss...

333... !oooiiilll

AAAsss fffooorrr wwwaaattteeerrr wwweee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp mmmeeettthhhooodddsss tttooo eeennnaaabbbllleee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseee aaannnddd ppplllaaaccceee fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll aaannnddd nnnooonnn---fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss ooonnn sssoooiiilll eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ssseeerrrvvviiiccceeesss (((eee...ggg... hhheeeaaalllttthhh,,, ppprrroooddduuuccctttiiivvviiitttyyy,,, eeecccooolllooogggyyy,,, ssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaalll iiinnnttteeegggrrriiitttyyy,,, cccaaarrrbbbooonnn ssseeeqqquuueeessstttrrraaatttiiiooonnn))) fffooorrr dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnniiinnnggg tttrrraaadddeeeoooffffffsss fffooorrr pppooollliiicccyyy fffooorrrmmmuuulllaaatttiiiooonnn... TTThhheeerrreee aaarrreee aaalllsssooo sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt nnneeeeeedddsss fffooorrr iiimmmppprrrooovvveeeddd sssoooiiilll aaannnddd lllaaannnddd uuussseee iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn,,, pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy iiifff NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd iiisss tttooo eeexxxtttrrraaacccttt gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr ppprrroooddduuuccctttiiivvviiitttyyy fffrrrooommm ooouuurrr nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss... SSSooommmeee sssoooiiilllsss hhhaaavvveee bbbeeecccooommmeee cccooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaattteeeddd bbbyyy hhheeeaaavvvyyy mmmeeetttaaalllsss aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrr cccooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaannntttsss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff cccooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaannnttt aaaccccccuuummmuuulllaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd mmmeeettthhhooodddsss tttooo rrreeeddduuuccceee ttthhheeessseee llleeevvveeelllsss... AAAlllsssooo wwwiiittthhh rrreeegggaaarrrddd tttooo dddiiiffffffuuussseee sssooouuurrrccceee pppooolllllluuutttiiiooonnn,,, wwwhhhiiillleee wwweee kkknnnooowww aaa cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrraaabbbllleee aaammmooouuunnnttt aaabbbooouuuttt ttthhheee iiimmmpppaaacccttt ooofff lllaaannnddd uuussseee ooonnn wwwaaattteeerrr qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy,,, wwweee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee mmmooorrreee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt tttooo uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd ttthhheee llliiinnnkkksss bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn fffaaarrrmmm ssscccaaallleee aaannnddd cccaaatttccchhhmmmeeennnttt ssscccaaallleee;;;;; cccuuummmuuulllaaatttiiivvveee eeeffffffeeeccctttsss;;;;; tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr pppaaattthhhwwwaaayyysss aaannnddd aaatttttteeennnuuuaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff nnnuuutttrrriiieeennntttsss aaannnddd cccooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaannntttsss ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh sssoooiiilll aaannnddd vvvaaadddooossseee zzzooonnneee...

444... RRReeesssooouuurrrccceee VVVaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn

TTThhheeerrreee iiisss aaa nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeeetttttteeerrr iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy tttrrraaadddeeeoooffffffsss aaannnddd wwweeeiiiggghhh uuuppp mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee vvvaaallluuueeesss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss... IIInnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggglllyyy,,, eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt aaannnddd pppooollliiicccyyy dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee aaa ‘‘‘wwwhhhooollleeesssyyysssttteeemmmsss aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh’’’ bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd aaannnddd cccrrrooossssss---dddiiisssccciiipppllliiinnnaaarrryyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh... TTTaaakkkiiinnnggg aaa lllooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm aaannnddd iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh tttooo ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg aaannnddd dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn---mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg,,, wwwhhheeerrreee eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc


!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !SSSTTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy SSSeeepppttt 222000111111 PPPaaagggeee vvv

dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt iiisss cccooogggnnniiisssaaannnttt ooofff llliiimmmiiittteeeddd rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaannnddd ttthhheee wwweeellllllbbbeeeiiinnnggg ooofff ooouuurrr cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttiiieeesss iiisss cccrrruuuccciiiaaalll fffooorrr NNNZZZ’’’sss fffuuutttuuurrreee... !eeeccceeennnttt eeemmmppphhhaaasssiiisss ooonnn ssspppaaatttiiiaaalll ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg (((AAAuuuccckkklllaaannnddd,,, ooottthhheeerrr cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss))) hhhiiiggghhhllliiiggghhhtttsss ttthhheee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnccceee ooofff llliiinnnkkkiiinnnggg dddaaatttaaa aaannnddd iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn fffrrrooommm vvvaaarrriiiooouuusss sssooouuurrrccceeesss aaacccrrrooossssss ccceeennntttrrraaalll///lllooocccaaalll gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd llliiinnnkkkiiinnnggg eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc,,, sssoooccciiiaaalll///cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll aaannnddd eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee... VVVaaallluuuiiinnnggg nnnooonnn---mmmaaarrrkkkeeettt cccooonnntttrrriiibbbuuutttiiiooonnnsss tttooo wwweeellllllbbbeeeiiinnnggg aaannnddd uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooouuurrraaalll ccchhhaaannngggeee aaarrreee eeesssssseeennntttiiiaaalll tttooo aaaccchhhiiieeevvveee ttthhheee ooouuutttcccooommmeeesss ooouuurrr sssoooccciiieeetttyyy dddeeesssiiirrreeesss...

!eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss nnneeeeeedddeeeddd tttooo uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd aaannnddd vvvaaallluuueee ttthhheee eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaannnddd sssoooccciiiaaalll///cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll dddiiimmmeeennnsssiiiooonnnsss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg ttthhheee iiimmmpppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss ooofff mmmaaarrrkkkeeettt fffaaaiiillluuurrreee... TTThhhiiisss rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh wwwooouuulllddd hhhaaavvveee wwwiiidddeee aaappppppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnn aaacccrrrooossssss aaallllll nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaannnddd aaallllll rrreeegggiiiooonnnsss,,, bbbuuuttt cccuuurrrrrreeennntttlllyyy ttthhheee NNNZZZ ssskkkiiillllll bbbaaassseee iiisss vvveeerrryyy llliiimmmiiittteeeddd (((ssseeeeee lllaaattteeerrr uuunnndddeeerrr “““SSSccciiieeennnccceee CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy)))...

555... HHHaaazzzaaarrrddd RRRiiissskkk AAAsssssseeessssssmmmeeennnttt

TTThhheeerrreee iiisss aaannn ooovvveeerrraaallllll nnneeeeeeddd fffooorrr bbbeeetttttteeerrr tttoooooolllsss tttooo aaassssssiiisssttt wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee aaannnaaalllyyysssiiisss ooofff,,, aaannnddd eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee rrreeessspppooonnnssseeesss tttooo,,, hhhaaazzzaaarrrdddsss aaannnddd cccooonnnssseeeqqquuueeennnttt sssoooccciiieeetttaaalll rrriiissskkksss... MMMooorrreee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss nnneeeeeedddeeeddd tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa mmmooorrreee rrrooobbbuuusssttt aaannnddd dddeeefffeeennnsssiiibbbllleee pppooosssiiitttiiiooonnn tttooo aaaddddddrrreeessssss hhhaaazzzaaarrrddd rrriiissskkk mmmooorrreee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy,,, aaannnddd tttooo gggiiivvveee dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn mmmaaakkkeeerrrsss cccooonnnfffiiidddeeennnccceee... TTThhheee kkkeeeyyy iiissssssuuueee iiisss rrriiissskkk mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt ––– hhhooowww tttooo dddeeeaaalll wwwiiittthhh rrriiissskkk,,, iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee rrriiissskkk rrreeeddduuuccctttiiiooonnn mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeesss aaannnddd bbbaaalllaaannnccciiinnnggg rrriiissskkk rrreeeddduuuccctttiiiooonnn wwwiiittthhh aaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee cccooosssttt... TTThhhiiisss iiinnncccllluuudddeeesss rrreeesssiiiddduuuaaalll rrriiissskkk,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh iiisss ssseeeeeennn aaasss aaa cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg iiissssssuuueee aaarrrooouuunnnddd qqquuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss ooofff wwwhhheeerrreee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt iiisss aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee iiinnn rrreeelllaaatttiiiooonnn tttooo ooouuurrr uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg ooofff ttthhheee vvvaaarrriiiooouuusss rrriiissskkksss...

666... BBBiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy

TTThhheeerrreee aaarrreee aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff bbbiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy iiissssssuuueeesss ttthhhaaattt nnneeeeeeddd gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg sssyyysssttteeemmmsss (((tttoooooolllsss aaannnddd mmmeeettthhhooodddooolllooogggiiieeesss))) tttooo mmmaaannnaaagggeee mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee pppeeessstttsss aaattt sssiiittteeesss aaannnddd aaacccrrrooossssss lllaaannndddssscccaaapppeeesss... HHHuuummmaaannneee aaannnddd cccooosssttt---eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee aaalllttteeerrrnnnaaatttiiivvveee tttoooxxxiiinnnsss aaarrreee nnneeeeeedddeeeddd tttooo rrreeeppplllaaaccceee 111000888000 aaannnddd bbbrrrooodddiiifffaaacccooouuummm,,, aaasss bbbooottthhh aaarrreee uuunnndddeeerrr ttthhhrrreeeaaattt aaasss pppeeesssttt cccooonnntttrrrooolll tttoooooolllsss... AAAddddddiiitttiiiooonnnaaallllllyyy,,, ttthhheeerrreee iiisss aaa rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennnttt fffooorrr cccooosssttt---eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeemmmeeennnttt aaannnddd ooouuutttcccooommmeee mmmooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg tttoooooolllsss fffooorrr ppprrrooottteeeccctttiiinnnggg aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccciiinnnggg bbbiiiooodddiiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy vvvaaallluuueeesss ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh ttthhheee aaappppppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff pppeeesssttt mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt...

!ccciiieeennnccceee CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy

BBBooottthhh ttthhheee MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss vvviiieeewww eeennnhhhaaannnccciiinnnggg cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy iiinnn aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff hhhiiiggghhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeeddd aaasss vvveeerrryyy iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt... !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy fffeeeeeelll ttthhhaaattt cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy nnneeeeeedddsss tttooo bbbeee iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseeeddd iiinnn “““sssoooiiilllsss””” aaannnddd iiinnn “““rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee eeevvvaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn””” ––– iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaannnddd sssoooccciiiaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ssskkkiiillllllsss...


!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !SSSTTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy SSSeeepppttt 222000111111 PPPaaagggeee vvviii

TTaabbllee ooff CCoonntteennttss

!OORREEWWOORRDD..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................II

EEXXEECCUUTTIIVVEE SSUUMMMMAARRYY ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................IIIIII

TTAABBLLEE OO! CCOONNTTEENNTTSS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................VVII

11.. IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

22.. CCUURRRREENNTT SSTTAATTEE..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22

RREEGGIIOONNAALL CCOOUUNNCCIILL SSCCIIEENNCCEE SSTTRRAATTEEGGYY AACCHHIIEEVVEEMMEENNTTSS SSIINNCCEE MMAARRCCHH 22000099 ......................................................................................33

SSCCIIEENNCCEE CCAAPPAABBIILLIITTYY AANNDD PPLLAANNNNIINNGG WWIITTHHIINN RREEGGIIOONNAALL AANNDD UUNNIITTAARRYY CCOOUUNNCCIILLSS ......................................................................55

33.. GGOOVVEERRNNMMEENNTT RREESSEEAARRCCHH !UUNNDDIINNGG ..............................................................................................................................................................................................66

CCUURRRREENNTT !OOCCUUSS OO! GGOOVVEERRNNMMEENNTT--!UUNNDDEEDD EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL SSCCIIEENNCCEE ........................................................................................................66

44.. SSTTRRAATTEEGGIICC GGOOAALLSS !OORR RREEGGIIOONNAALL CCOOUUNNCCIILL RRSS&&TT................................................................................................................................1100

55.. RROOLLEESS AANNDD RREESSPPOONNSSIIBBIILLIITTIIEESS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................1122

66.. RREESSEEAARRCCHH PPRRIIOORRIITTIISSAATTIIOONN......................................................................................................................................................................................................................1133

77.. IIMMPPLLEEMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1144

88.. SSTTRRAATTEEGGIICC PPRRIIOORRIITTIIEESS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1166

99.. CCUURRRREENNTT HHIIGGHH LLEEVVEELL RREESSEEAARRCCHH PPRRIIOORRIITTIIEESS``..............................................................................................................................................1177

AAPPPPEENNDDIICCEESS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2200

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX 11 –– RREEGGIIOONNAALL CCOOUUNNCCIILL SSPPEECCIIAALL IINNTTEERREESSTT GGRROOUUPPSS –– JJUUNNEE 22001111................................................................................2211

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX 22 –– RREEGGIIOONNAALL AANNDD UUNNIITTAARRYY CCOOUUNNCCIILLSS IINN TTHHEE BBIIGGGGEERR EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL AANNDD RREESSOOUURRCCEE

MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT SSCCIIEENNCCEE PPIICCTTUURREE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2222

11.. IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

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!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaarrreee eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhheeeddd bbbyyy,,, aaannnddd dddeeellliiivvveeerrr aaallllll ttthhheeeiiirrr fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnnsss uuunnndddeeerrr,,, ttthhheee LLLooocccaaalll GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt AAAcccttt 222000000222,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh aaammmooonnngggsssttt ooottthhheeerrr ttthhhiiinnngggsss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeesss lllooocccaaalll aaauuuttthhhooorrriiitttiiieeesss tttooo ppplllaaayyy aaa bbbrrroooaaaddd rrrooollleee iiinnn ppprrrooommmoootttiiinnnggg ttthhheee sssoooccciiiaaalll,,, eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc,,, eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll,,, aaannnddd cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll wwweeellllllbbbeeeiiinnnggg ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrr cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttiiieeesss tttaaakkkiiinnnggg aaa sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbllleee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh --- ttthhheee sssooo---cccaaalllllleeeddd fffooouuurrr wwweeellllll bbbeeeiiinnngggsss... TTThhheee AAAcccttt aaalllsssooo rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeesss lllooocccaaalll aaauuuttthhhooorrriiitttiiieeesss tttooo eeennnaaabbbllleee dddeeemmmooocccrrraaatttiiiccc lllooocccaaalll dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn---mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg aaannnddd aaaccctttiiiooonnn bbbyyy aaannnddd ooonnn bbbeeehhhaaalllfff ooofff cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttiiieeesss...

FFFaaaccceeeddd wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss pppooossseeeddd uuunnndddeeerrr NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd llleeegggiiissslllaaatttiiiooonnn,,, cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaarrreee mmmooorrreee ttthhhaaannn eeevvveeerrr bbbeeeiiinnnggg rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo mmmaaakkkeee mmmaaajjjooorrr dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss ttthhhaaattt wwwiiillllll aaaffffffeeecccttt ttthhheee lllooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrr rrreeegggiiiooonnnsss... SSSccciiieeennnccceee---bbbaaassseeeddd iiinnnpppuuuttt iiinnntttooo dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn---mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg iiisss aaannn iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt cccooommmpppooonnneeennnttt ooofff !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnnsss... TTThhheeerrreeefffooorrreee iiittt iiisss cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll ttthhhaaattt NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrtttsss aaarrreee tttaaarrrgggeeettteeeddd aaattt aaarrreeeaaasss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss fffooorrr cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, aaannnddd ttthhhaaattt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeesssuuullltttsss aaarrreee nnnooottt ooonnnlllyyy hhhiiiggghhhlllyyy cccrrreeedddiiibbbllleee bbbuuuttt ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee aaalllsssooo aaacccccceeessssssiiibbbllleee,,, dddiiisssssseeemmmiiinnnaaattteeeddd,,, aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttteeeddd iiinnn aaa tttiiimmmeeelllyyy mmmaaannnnnneeerrr...

IIIttt iiisss iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt tttooo nnnooottteee ttthhhaaattt pppooollliiicccyyy iiisss ssshhhaaapppeeeddd nnnooottt ooonnnlllyyy bbbyyy sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee,,, bbbuuuttt aaalllsssooo bbbyyy cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttyyy vvvaaallluuueeesss aaannnddd ppprrriiinnnccciiipppllleeesss,,, ooopppiiinnniiiooonnnsss,,, ssstttaaatttuuutttooorrryyy dddrrriiivvveeerrrsss,,, aaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy,,, aaannnddd aaaffffffooorrrdddaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy... BBBuuuttt iiittt iiisss aaa fffuuunnndddaaammmeeennntttaaalll ttteeennneeettt ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee bbbeeetttttteeerrr iiinnnfffooorrrmmmeeeddd aaa pppooollliiicccyyy dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn iiisss,,, ttthhheee bbbeeetttttteeerrr pppooollliiicccyyy iiittt ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee...

TTThhheee iiinnniiitttiiiaaalll !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& TTTeeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy (((!SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy))),,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh wwwaaasss aaapppppprrrooovvveeeddd fffooorrr rrreeellleeeaaassseee iiinnn MMMaaarrrccchhh 222000000999 bbbyyy ttthhheee !CCC CCChhhiiieeefff EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveee GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, ppprrrooovvveeeddd tttooo bbbeee aaannn eeexxxtttrrreeemmmeeelllyyy uuussseeefffuuulll dddooocccuuummmeeennnttt,,, bbbooottthhh tttooo cccoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaattteee iiinnnttteeerrrnnnaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt,,, bbbuuuttt aaalllsssooo tttooo iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ccceeennntttrrraaalll gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn... TTThhhiiisss rrreeevvviiissseeeddd !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueeesss ttthhheee ppprrroooccceeessssss tttooo cccoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaattteee aaannnddd iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn...

PPPuuurrrpppooossseee ooofff ttthhheee !tttrrraaattteeegggyyy

TTThhhiiisss SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiisss nnnooottt sssooo mmmuuuccchhh aaa dddooocccuuummmeeennnttt bbbuuuttt aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss ttthhhaaattt wwwiiillllll cccaaatttaaalllyyyssseee aaannnddd aaassssssiiisssttt iiinnn ttthhheee fffuuurrrttthhheeerrr dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt ooofff hhhiiiggghhh qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd tttiiimmmeeelllyyy aaannnddd aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmmsss fffooorrr ttthhheee bbbeeennneeefffiiittt ooofff !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss...

TTThhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiisss ooowwwnnneeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaannnddd iiinnn ttthhheee fffiiirrrsssttt iiinnnssstttaaannnccceee iiittt hhhaaasss aaannn iiinnnttteeerrrnnnaaalll fffooocccuuusss... IIIttt ppprrrooovvviiidddeeesss aaa mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmm,,, ooorrr aaa SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy PPPrrroooccceeessssss,,, tttooo gggeeettt iiinnnpppuuuttt fffrrrooommm aaallllll !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss ooonnn !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& TTTeeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy (((!SSS&&&TTT))) ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss,,, ppprrrooommmooottteee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiiooonnn,,, aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccceee cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaatttiiiooonnn wwwiiittthhhiiinnn ttthhheee LLLooocccaaalll GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt fffrrraaammmeeewwwooorrrkkk tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt gggooooooddd sssccciiieeennnccceee sssuuuppppppooorrrtttsss ttthhheee rrrooollleeesss aaannnddd fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnnsss ooofff !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss... TTThhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy PPPrrroooccceeessssss aaalllsssooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeeesss aaa uuunnniiifffiiieeeddd aaannnddd iiinnnfffllluuueeennntttiiiaaalll vvvoooiiiccceee fffooorrr !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteee iiimmmmmmeeedddiiiaaattteee aaannnddd lllooonnngggeeerrr---ttteeerrrmmm !SSS&&&TTT ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss tttooo fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss... TTThhhiiisss wwwiiillllll eeennnaaabbbllleee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo bbbeee aaaccckkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeeeddd aaasss aaa pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrr iiinnn ssseeettttttiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaagggeeennndddaaasss aaannnddd tttooo hhhaaavvveee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ooonnn !SSS&&&TTT iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy rrreeettteeennntttiiiooonnn aaannnddd dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt...


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!cccooopppeee ooofff ttthhheee !tttrrraaattteeegggyyy

TTThhheee SSScccooopppeee ooofff ttthhheee !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiinnncccllluuudddeeesss:::

(((aaa))) !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy ttthhhaaattt iiisss nnneeeccceeessssssaaarrryyy tttooo sssuuuppppppooorrrttt aaannnddd iiinnnfffooorrrmmm eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll aaannnddd sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbllleee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt

(((bbb))) EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt hhhaaazzzaaarrrddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, aaannnddd aaalllsssooo sssoooccciiiaaalll,,, cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll,,, aaannnddd eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaassspppeeeccctttsss wwwhhheeerrreee ttthhheeeyyy rrreeelllaaattteee tttooo ttthhheee rrrooollleeesss aaannnddd fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnnsss ooofff !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss

(((ccc))) TTThhheee rrreeecccooogggnnniiitttiiiooonnn aaannnddd ppprrrooommmoootttiiiooonnn ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceeesss ttthhhaaattt gggooo bbbeeeyyyooonnnddd jjjuuusssttt ttthhheee ppphhhyyysssiiicccaaalll tttooo iiinnncccooorrrpppooorrraaattteee vvvaaallluuueeesss aaannnddd sssoooccciiieeetttaaalll eeeffffffeeeccctttsss aaannnddd vvvaaallluuueeesss aaannnddd pppeeerrrssspppeeeccctttiiivvveeesss

(((ddd))) SSSccciiieeennnccceee tttooo eeennnaaabbbllleee pppooollliiicccyyy iiissssssuuueeesss tttooo bbbeee aaaddddddrrreeesssssseeeddd...

FFFooorrr ttthhheee pppuuurrrpppooossseee ooofff ttthhhiiisss ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy,,, ‘‘‘eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt’’’ iiinnncccllluuudddeeesss:::

EEEcccooosssyyysssttteeemmmsss aaannnddd ttthhheeeiiirrr cccooonnnssstttiiitttuuueeennnttt pppaaarrrtttsss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg pppeeeooopppllleee aaannnddd cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttiiieeesssNNNaaatttuuurrraaalll aaannnddd ppphhhyyysssiiicccaaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaannnddd ppprrroooccceeesssssseeesss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceeesss aaannnddd cccooonnnssseeeqqquuueeennnccceeesss,,, aaannnddd uuussseeesss ooofff ttthhhooossseee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesssAAAmmmeeennniiitttyyy vvvaaallluuueeesssSSSoooccciiiaaalll,,, eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc,,, aaaeeesssttthhheeetttiiiccc,,, aaannnddd cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll cccooonnndddiiitttiiiooonnnsss rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt tttooo ttthhheee aaabbbooovvveee pppoooiiinnntttsss...

VVViiisssiiiooonnn fffooorrr RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll RRR!&&&TTT

TTThhheee RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll vvviiisssiiiooonnn fffooorrr RRRSSS&&&TTT iiisss tttooo bbbeee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn,,,

dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt,,, aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy tttooo fffaaaccciiillliiitttaaattteee ttthhheee

fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnnsss ooofff RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss fffooorrr ttthhheee bbbeeennneeefffiiittt ooofff NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannndddeeerrrsss... WWWeee wwwaaannnttt tttooo

ssseeeeee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiiooonnn bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo aaavvvoooiiiddd uuunnnnnneeeccceeessssssaaarrryyy

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sssooouuunnnddd sssccciiieeennnccceee... AAAddddddiiitttiiiooonnnaaallllllyyy,,, wwweee wwwaaannnttt tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt tttooogggeeettthhheeerrr wwweee ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa uuunnniiittteeeddd aaannnddd

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TTThhheee RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaalllsssooo wwwaaannnttt tttooo ssseeeeee ttthhhaaattt NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd iiisss aaa wwwooorrrlllddd llleeeaaadddeeerrr iiinnn

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ttthhheee lllaaattteeesssttt kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee aaannnddd ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy iiisss aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteeelllyyy iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttteeeddd iiinnn aaa tttiiimmmeeelllyyy mmmaaannnnnneeerrr aaannnddd

ttthhhaaattt dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss aaarrreee bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn rrreeeaaadddiiilllyyy aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee sssooouuunnnddd sssccciiieeennnccceee...

AAA cccooommmpppooonnneeennnttt ooofff ooouuurrr vvviiisssiiiooonnn iiisss tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt sssccciiieeennntttiiissstttsss aaarrreee aaadddeeeqqquuuaaattteeelllyyy rrreeewwwaaarrrdddeeeddd fffooorrr ttthhheeeiiirrr

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aaattttttrrraaaccctttiiivvveee cccaaarrreeeeeerrr pppaaattthhh fffooorrr yyyooouuunnnggg NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannndddeeerrrsss...

!iiinnnaaallllllyyy,,, ooouuurrr vvviiisssiiiooonnn iiisss tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss ttthhhaaattt wwwiiillllll cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo dddiiirrreeecccttt RRRSSS&&&TTT fffooorrr ttthhheee bbbeeennneeefffiiittt ooofff

RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss wwweeellllll iiinnntttooo ttthhheee fffuuutttuuurrreee...

(((SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, ooonnn bbbeeehhhaaalllfff ooofff !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss)))

22.. CCuurrrreenntt SSttaattee

NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd hhhaaasss 111666 !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss (((iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg ttthhheee uuunnniiitttaaarrryyy cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss ooofff AAAuuuccckkklllaaannnddd,,, GGGiiisssbbbooorrrnnneee,,, TTTaaasssmmmaaannn,,, NNNeeelllsssooonnn aaannnddd MMMaaarrrlllbbbooorrrooouuuggghhh)))... TTThhheee cccooouuunnntttrrryyy aaalllsssooo hhhaaasss eeeiiiggghhhttt CCCrrrooowwwnnn !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh IIInnnssstttiiitttuuuttteeesss (((CCC!IIIsss))),,, eeeiiiggghhhttt uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd aaaddddddiiitttiiiooonnnaaalll qqquuuaaasssiii---ppprrriiivvvaaattteee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss sssuuuccchhh aaasss CCCaaawwwttthhhrrrooonnn aaannnddd LLLiiinnncccooolllnnn VVVeeennntttuuurrreeesss LLLiiimmmiiittteeeddd ttthhhaaattt cccooonnnddduuucccttt GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt---fffuuunnndddeeeddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt tttooo !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss... IIInnn aaaddddddiiitttiiiooonnn,,, ttthhheeerrreee aaarrreee aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff ppprrriiivvvaaattteee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll cccooonnnsssuuullltttiiinnnggg cccooommmpppaaannniiieeesss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee aaalllsssooo iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa cccooonnntttrrraaacccttt ssseeerrrvvviiiccceee tttooo !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss...


333

RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll sssccciiieeennnccceee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy aaaccchhhiiieeevvveeemmmeeennntttsss sssiiinnnccceee MMMaaarrrccchhh 222000000999

TTThhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll CCChhhiiieeefff EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveee FFFooorrruuummm fffooorrrmmmaaallllllyyy aaapppppprrrooovvveeeddd ttthhheee iiinnniiitttiiiaaalll !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, SSSccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd TTTeeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiinnn MMMaaarrrccchhh 222000000999... IIImmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee iiinnn aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff aaarrreeeaaasss aaasss ooouuutttllliiinnneeeddd bbbeeelllooowww:::

IIInnnfffllluuueeennnccciiinnnggg CCCeeennntttrrraaalll GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn:::

EEEaaarrrlllyyy iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiinnncccllluuudddeeeddd kkkeeeyyy vvviiisssiiitttsss wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee MMMiiinnniiisssttteeerrr ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee,,, ttthhheee HHHooonnnooouuurrraaabbbllleee WWWaaayyynnneee MMMaaapppppp,,, aaannnddd aaalllsssooo wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee CCChhhiiieeefff EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveeesss aaannnddd///ooorrr ssseeennniiiooorrr oooffffffiiiccciiiaaalllsss ooofff MMM!SSSTTT,,, FFF!SSSTTT,,, MMMAAAFFF,,, MMMfffEEE,,, aaannnddd DDDOOOCCC... TTThhheee iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ooofff ttthhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiisss vvveeerrryyy aaappppppaaarrreeennnttt iiinnn ttthhheee “““EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt SSSeeeccctttooorrr PPPlllaaannn 222000111000---222000111222””” rrreeellleeeaaassseeeddd bbbyyy FFF!SSSTTT iiinnn AAAuuuggguuusssttt 222000111000... TTThhhiiisss iiisss cccooovvveeerrreeeddd iiinnn dddeeetttaaaiiilll iiinnn ttthhheee lllaaattteeerrr ssseeeccctttiiiooonnn “““CCCuuurrrrrreeennnttt FFFooocccuuusss ooofff GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt---FFFuuunnndddeeeddd EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll SSSccciiieeennnccceee”””...

!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, ppprrriiimmmaaarrriiilllyyy ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, hhhaaavvveee wwwooorrrkkkeeeddd vvveeerrryyy ccclllooossseeelllyyy wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn (((MMMSSSIII))),,, (((ppprrreeevvviiiooouuussslllyyy FFF!SSSTTT aaannnddd MMM!SSSTTT))),,, tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn tttooo gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt---fffuuunnndddeeeddd eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh... TTThhhiiisss wwwiiillllll ppprrrooovvveee eeevvveeennn mmmooorrreee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt iiinnn ttthhheee iiimmmmmmeeedddiiiaaattteee fffuuutttuuurrreee aaasss ttthhheee rrreeecccooommmmmmeeennndddaaatttiiiooonnnsss fffrrrooommm ttthhheee CCC!III TTTaaassskkk FFFooorrrccceee aaarrreee fffuuullllllyyy iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttteeeddd... TTThhheee eeexxxpppeeecccttteeeddd ccchhhaaannngggeeesss tttooo ttthhheee sssccciiieeennnccceee sssyyysssttteeemmm aaarrreee ttthhheee mmmooosssttt sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt iiinnn 222000 yyyeeeaaarrrsss...

FFFrrreeessshhhwwwaaattteeerrr wwwaaasss aaa vvveeerrryyy sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt pppooollliiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueee iiinnn 222000111000 aaannnddd wwwiiillllll cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo bbbeee sssooo iiinnn ttthhheee fffooorrreeessseeeeeeaaabbbllleee fffuuutttuuurrreee... FFF!SSSTTT aaannnddd MMMfffEEE dddeeevvveeelllooopppeeeddd aaa nnneeewww WWWaaattteeerrr !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy ttthhhaaattt iiinnncccllluuudddeeeddd sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt iiinnnpppuuuttt fffrrrooommm !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy fffrrrooommm GGGaaarrryyy BBBeeedddfffooorrrddd (((SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp CCChhhaaaiiirrrmmmaaannn))),,, wwwhhhooo wwwaaasss aaalllsssooo ooonnn ttthhheee FFF!SSSTTT AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy PPPaaannneeelll fffooorrr dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnniiinnnggg fffrrreeessshhhwwwaaattteeerrr sssccciiieeennnccceee fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss... TTThhhiiisss ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy wwwaaasss uuussseeeddd tttooo ggguuuiiidddeee ttthhheee aaallllllooocccaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff $$$222000MMM///yyyeeeaaarrr ooofff FFF!SSSTTT fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg tttooo fffrrreeessshhhwwwaaattteeerrr sssccciiieeennnccceee... TTThhheee tttwwwooo SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss (((SSSIIIGGGsss))),,, ttthhheee SSSuuurrrfffaaaccceee WWWaaattteeerrr IIInnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd MMMaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt gggrrrooouuuppp aaannnddd ttthhheee GGGrrrooouuunnndddwwwaaattteeerrr FFFooorrruuummm,,, wwwooorrrkkkeeeddd wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp aaannnddd ttthhheee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh CCCoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaatttooorrr tttooo eeevvvaaallluuuaaattteee aaannnddd iiimmmppprrrooovvveee ttthhheee fffooocccuuusss ooofff aaallllll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooopppooosssaaalllsss sssuuubbbmmmiiitttttteeeddd tttooo ttthhhiiisss fffuuunnnddd rrreeesssuuullltttiiinnnggg iiinnn mmmuuuccchhh bbbeeetttttteeerrr fffooocccuuussseeeddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeesss bbbeeeiiinnnggg aaapppppprrrooovvveeeddd fffooorrr lllooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg...

IIInnn 222000111000 ttthhheeerrreee wwwaaasss aaalllsssooo aaa mmmuuuccchhh sssmmmaaalllllleeerrr fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg rrrooouuunnnddd fffooorrr PPPeeesssttt MMMaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, tttooo wwwhhhiiiccchhh ttthhheee BBBiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, aaalllsssooo wwwiiittthhh iiinnnpppuuuttt fffrrrooommm ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp aaannnddd ttthhheee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh CCCoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaatttooorrr,,, ppprrrooovvviiidddeeeddd sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn... !ooobbb PPPhhhiiilllllliiipppsss (((TTTaaarrraaannnaaakkkiii !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll))) pppaaarrrtttiiiccciiipppaaattteeeddd ooonnn ttthhheee FFF!SSSTTT AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy PPPaaannneeelll...

TTThhheee NNNaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt iiinnnssstttiiigggaaattteeeddd aaa rrreeevvviiieeewww ooofff ttthhheee CCC!IIIsss aaattt ttthhheee eeennnddd ooofff 222000000999 aaannnddd rrreeellleeeaaassseeeddd ttthhheee CCCRRRIII TTTaaassskkk FFFooorrrccceee RRReeepppooorrrttt,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh ppprrroooddduuuccceeeddd aaa lllaaarrrgggeee nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff rrreeecccooommmmmmeeennndddaaatttiiiooonnnsss aaasss tttooo hhhooowww ttthhheee fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnn ooofff CCC!IIIsss cccooouuulllddd bbbeee eeennnhhhaaannnccceeeddd... !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss hhhaaaddd iiinnnpppuuuttt tttooo ttthhhiiisss TTTaaassskkk FFFooorrrccceee,,, ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh ttthhheee mmmeeemmmbbbeeerrrsss ooofff ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, aaannnddd ttthhheeessseee sssuuubbbmmmiiissssssiiiooonnnsss wwweeerrreee rrreeefffllleeecccttteeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee fffiiinnnaaalll rrreeepppooorrrttt...

EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueeesss tttooo bbbeee aaa mmmaaajjjooorrr mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmm fffooorrr ttthhheee tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr ooofff kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee fffrrrooommm gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt---fffuuunnndddeeeddd sssccciiieeennnccceee tttooo !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, bbbooottthhh ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh ttthhheee mmmooorrreee ttthhhaaannn 777555000 aaadddvvviiiccceee gggrrraaannnttt ppprrrooojjjeeeccctttsss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee fffooocccuuussseeeddd ooonnn bbbeeennneeefffiiitttiiinnnggg ttthhheee nnniiinnneee sssmmmaaalllllleeerrr cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, bbbuuuttt aaalllsssooo ttthhheee 222888 rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt tttoooooolllsss eeeiiittthhheeerrr cccooommmpppllleeettteeeddd (((999))) ooorrr iiinnn ppprrrooogggrrreeessssss sssiiinnnccceee 222000000666... TTThhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp lllooobbbbbbiiieeeddd fffooorrr EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk tttooo bbbeee eeexxxpppaaannndddeeeddd,,, tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg

"""TTThhheee MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn (((aaannnddd ppprrreeevvviiiooouuussslllyyy ttthhheee !ooouuunnndddaaatttiiiooonnn fffooorrr RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,,

SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& TTTeeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy))) gggrrreeeaaatttlllyyy aaapppppprrreeeccciiiaaattteeesss ttthhheee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss hhhaaavvveee ppprrrooovvviiidddeeeddd

tttooo gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt---fffuuunnndddeeeddd eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh sssiiinnnccceee ttthhheee CCCooouuunnnccciiilll'''sss RRRSSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy wwwaaasss

eeennndddooorrrssseeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee CCCEEEOOO !ooorrruuummm iiinnn MMMaaarrrccchhh 222000000999... AAAsss ttthhheee rrreeecccooommmmmmeeennndddaaatttiiiooonnnsss ooofff ttthhheee CCCRRRIII TTTaaassskkk

!ooorrrccceee aaarrreee iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttteeeddd,,, rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss ooouuutttllliiinnneeeddd bbbyyy kkkeeeyyy eeennnddd---uuussseeerrrsss,,, sssuuuccchhh aaasss ttthhheee

RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, wwwiiillllll bbbeeecccooommmeee eeevvveeennn mmmooorrreee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt fffooorrr eeennnsssuuurrriiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt’’’sss

iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss wwweeellllll tttaaarrrgggeeettteeeddd aaannnddd aaaccchhhiiieeevvveeesss bbbeeennneeefffiiittt tttooo ssseeeccctttooorrrsss..."""

JJJuuussstttiiinnneee DDDaaawww,,, DDDiiirrreeeccctttooorrr EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt,,, MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn


444

ttthhhaaattt cccooouuulllddd bbbeeennneeefffiiittt aaallllll cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh lllaaarrrgggeeerrr cccrrrooossssss---cccooouuunnnccciiilll aaadddvvviiiccceee gggrrraaannntttsss,,, aaannnddd tttooo sssuuuppppppooorrrttt aaa pppooosssttt---gggrrraaaddduuuaaattteee sssccchhheeemmmeee... TTThhhiiisss hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn aaacccccceeepppttteeeddd aaasss aaa ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy bbbyyy GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt aaasss sssiiigggnnnaaalllllleeeddd iiinnn BBBuuudddgggeeettt 222000111000 aaannnddd wwwiiillllll hhhaaappppppeeennn aaasss fffuuunnndddsss bbbeeecccooommmeee aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee...

IIInnnfffllluuueeennnccciiinnnggg CCCRRRIIIsss:::

AAAsss pppaaarrrttt ooofff ttthhheee CCC!III rrreeefffooorrrmmm ppprrroooccceeessssss,,, eeeaaaccchhh CCC!III hhhaaasss dddeeevvveeelllooopppeeeddd aaa uuunnniiiqqquuueee SSStttaaattteeemmmeeennnttt ooofff CCCooorrreee PPPuuurrrpppooossseee (((SSSCCCPPP))) rrreeefffllleeeccctttiiinnnggg ttthhheee aaarrreeeaaasss iiinnn wwwhhhiiiccchhh ttthhheee CCC!III ssshhhooouuulllddd fffooocccuuusss iiitttsss eeeffffffooorrrtttsss... !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss hhhaaaddd iiinnnpppuuuttt iiinnntttooo ssseeevvveeennn ooofff ttthhheee eeeiiiggghhhttt CCC!III SSSCCCPPP wwwooorrrkkkssshhhooopppsss aaannnddd hhhaaaddd cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrraaabbbllleee iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee eeennnsssuuurrriiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss iiinnnttteeerrreeessstttsss wwweeerrreee aaaccckkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeeeddd,,, aaannnddd nnnoootttaaabbblllyyy ppprrrooovvviiidddeeeddd aaaddddddiiitttiiiooonnnaaalll eeemmmppphhhaaasssiiisss iiinnn ttthhheee aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff sssoooiiilll aaannnddd gggrrrooouuunnndddwwwaaattteeerrr... TTThhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp iiisss nnnooowww wwwooorrrkkkiiinnnggg wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee CCC!IIIsss tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee iiinnnpppuuuttt iiinnntttooo ttthhheeeiiirrr SSStttaaattteeemmmeeennntttsss ooofff CCCooorrrpppooorrraaattteee iiinnnttteeennnttt tttooo aaassssssiiisssttt fffooorrrmmmuuulllaaatttiiinnnggg ttthhheeeiiirrr ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn...

CCCoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaatttiiinnnggg RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ttthhhiiinnnkkkiiinnnggg:::

TTThhheee SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss (((SSSIIIGGGsss))) hhhaaavvveee bbbeeeeeennn pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy aaaccctttiiivvveee iiinnn ttthhheee lllaaasssttt tttwwwooo yyyeeeaaarrrsss dddeeevvveeelllooopppiiinnnggg ttthhheeeiiirrr ooowwwnnn rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss uuunnndddeeerrr ttthhheee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp... TTThhheee cccuuulllmmmiiinnnaaatttiiiooonnn wwwaaasss ppprrreeessseeennntttaaatttiiiooonnnsss aaattt ttthhheee FFFuuutttuuurrreeesss WWWooorrrkkkssshhhoooppp iiinnn NNNooovvveeemmmbbbeeerrr 222000111000 fffrrrooommm 111333 SSSIIIGGGsss ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrr lllooonnngggeeerrr---ttteeerrrmmm cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss... TTThhheeessseee ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss fffooorrrmmm mmmuuuccchhh ooofff ttthhheee bbbaaasssiiisss ooofff ttthhheee nnneeewww rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd iiinnn ttthhhiiisss SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy dddooocccuuummmeeennnttt...

DDDiiisssssseeemmmiiinnnaaatttiiinnnggg nnneeewww sssccciiieeennnccceee kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee tttooo cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss:::

AAA kkkeeeyyy ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeee,,, aaannnddd ooonnneee ooofff ttthhheee GGGoooaaalllsss ooofff ttthhheee !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy,,, iiisss tttooo ssseeeeee sssccciiieeennnccceee dddeeellliiivvveeerrreeeddd tttooo cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss iiinnn aaa uuussseeeaaabbbllleee fffooorrrmmm... TTThhheeerrreeefffooorrreee,,, aaasss pppaaarrrttt ooofff ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll ppprrroooccceeessssss tttooo eeevvvaaallluuuaaattteee fffrrreeessshhhwwwaaattteeerrr sssccciiieeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooopppooosssaaalllsss,,, aaa kkkeeeyyy cccrrriiittteeerrriiiooonnn fffooorrr aaacccccceeeppptttaaannnccceee wwwaaasss ttthhheee “““uuussseeefffuuulll””” dddeeellliiivvveeerrryyy ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeesssuuullltttsss... TTThhheee iiinnnttteeennntttiiiooonnn iiisss tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt sssccciiieeennnccceee iiisss dddeeellliiivvveeerrreeeddd tttooo bbbeeennneeefffiiittt kkkeeeyyy eeennnddd---uuussseeerrrsss,,, nnnooottt tttooo jjjuuusssttt tttooo sssaaatttiiisssfffyyy pppuuubbbllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnn rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennntttsss... TTThhhiiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennnttt hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn rrreeefffllleeecccttteeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee fffiiinnnaaalll cccooonnntttrrraaaccctttsss aaawwwaaarrrdddeeeddd tttooo ttthhheee sssuuucccccceeessssssfffuuulll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss...

SSSccciiieeennnccceee aaalllsssooo nnneeeeeedddsss tttooo bbbeee aaacccccceeessssssiiibbbllleee,,, aaannnddd iiinnn ttthhheee pppaaasssttt mmmaaannnyyy CCC!III aaannnddd uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy pppuuubbbllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss hhhaaavvveee bbbeeeeeennn iiinnnaaacccccceeessssssiiibbbllleee tttooo cccooouuunnnccciiilll ssstttaaaffffff ooorrr ooottthhheeerrrwwwiiissseee vvveeerrryyy dddiiiffffffiiicccuuulllttt tttooo fffiiinnnddd... AAA kkkeeeyyy dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt iiinnn 222000111000 wwwaaasss aaa GGGoooooogggllleee---bbbaaassseeeddd ssseeeaaarrrccchhh eeennngggiiinnneee,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh eeennnaaabbbllleeesss qqquuuiiiccckkk aaacccccceeessssss tttooo aaallllll aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee CCC!III,,, MMMAAAFFF,,, MMMfffEEE aaannnddd !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll rrreeepppooorrrtttsss aaannnddd pppuuubbbllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss fffrrrooommm ooonnneee ccceeennntttrrraaalll sssiiittteee aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee ooonnn ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk wwweeebbbsssiiittteee... TTThhhiiisss hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn wwweeellllll rrreeeccceeeiiivvveeeddd bbbyyy bbbooottthhh cccooouuunnnccciiilll aaannnddd nnnooonnn---cccooouuunnnccciiilll aaauuudddiiieeennnccceeesss,,, aaasss aaa cccooommmpppaaarrraaabbbllleee ssseeeaaarrrccchhh eeennngggiiinnneee dddiiiddd nnnooottt eeexxxiiisssttt...

AAAnnnooottthhheeerrr mmmaaajjjooorrr iiinnniiitttiiiaaatttiiivvveee iiinnn 222000111000 wwwaaasss ttthhheee “““SSSccciiieeennnccceee !oooaaadddssshhhooowww”””,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh tttooooookkk CCC!III aaannnddd CCCaaawwwttthhhrrrooonnn SSSccciiieeennnccceee aaarrrooouuunnnddd tttooo aaallllll !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll oooffffffiiiccceeesss tttooo dddeeellliiivvveeerrr ppprrreeessseeennntttaaatttiiiooonnnsss ooonnn rrreeeccceeennnttt sssccciiieeennnccceee rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt tttooo lllooocccaaalll gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt... MMMaaannnyyy cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss bbbeeennneeefffiiittteeeddd bbbyyy bbbeeeiiinnnggg eeexxxpppooossseeeddd tttooo aaa lllaaarrrgggeee aaammmooouuunnnttt ooofff nnneeewww sssccciiieeennnccceee iiinnn aaa ssshhhooorrrttt tttiiimmmeeefffrrraaammmeee... TTThhheee ppprrreeessseeennnttteeerrrsss aaapppppprrreeeccciiiaaattteeeddd ttthhheee dddiiirrreeecccttt cccooonnntttaaacccttt wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh hhheeelllpppeeeddd ttthhheeemmm dddeeevvveeellloooppp nnneeewww EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk aaadddvvviiiccceee gggrrraaannnttt ppprrrooopppooosssaaalllsss aaannnddd fffiiinnneee tttuuunnneee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk TTToooooolllsss ppprrrooopppooosssaaalllsss...

IIInnnfffllluuueeennnccciiinnnggg EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk TTToooooolll dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt:::

TTToooooolll dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg iiisss ppprrrooovvviiidddeeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn (((MMMSSSIII))) aaannnddd iiisss uuussseeeddd tttooo sssuuuppppppooorrrttt dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd aaadddaaappptttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee aaannnddd eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt tttoooooolllsss fffooorrr uuussseee bbbyyy aaallllll !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrriiitttiiieeesss... TTThhheeessseee tttoooooolllsss mmmaaayyy bbbeee ppphhhyyysssiiicccaaalll ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggiiieeesss ooorrr sssooommmeeettthhhiiinnnggg mmmooorrreee cccooonnnccceeeppptttuuuaaalll,,, sssuuuccchhh aaasss aaa fffooorrrmmmaaallliiissseeeddd ooorrr sssyyysssttteeemmmaaatttiiiccc aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh tttooo ppprrrooobbbllleeemmm sssooolllvvviiinnnggg ooorrr aaannnaaalllyyysssiiisss... TTThhheee ssseeellleeeccctttiiiooonnn ooofff ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy aaarrreeeaaasss fffooorrr iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd ooofff ttthhheee TTToooooolllsss ttthhhaaattt wwwiiillllll dddeeellliiivvveeerrr ttthhheee dddeeesssiiirrreeeddd ooouuutttcccooommmeeesss iiisss iiinnn ttthhheee hhhaaannndddsss ooofff ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk GGGooovvveeerrrnnnaaannnccceee CCCooommmmmmiiitttttteeeeee,,, mmmaaannndddaaattteeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll CCChhhiiieeefff EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveeesss’’’ GGGrrrooouuuppp aaannnddd cccooonnnsssiiissstttiiinnnggg ooofff ssseeellleeecccttteeeddd ccchhhiiieeefff eeexxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveeesss aaannnddd ssseeennniiiooorrr mmmaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss fffrrrooommm !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss...

AAA kkkeeeyyy cccooommmpppooonnneeennnttt ooofff ttthhheee aaannnnnnuuuaaalll EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk TTToooooolll rrrooouuunnnddd iiisss aaaccchhhiiieeevvviiinnnggg cccooonnnssseeennnsssuuusss fffrrrooommm aaallllll cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaasss tttooo ttthhheee TTToooooolll ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss... TTThhheee !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy hhhaaasss gggrrreeeaaatttlllyyy aaassssssiiisssttteeeddd ttthhhiiisss ppprrroooccceeessssss aaasssSSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss iiinnn pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrr aaarrreee nnnooowww mmmuuuccchhh bbbeeetttttteeerrr ppprrreeepppaaarrreeeddd tttooo pppuuuttt uuuppp ppprrrooojjjeeecccttt


555

ppprrrooopppooosssaaalllsss bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn wwweeellllll---dddeeellliiibbbeeerrraaattteeeddd ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiieeesss... EEEaaaccchhh tttoooooolll ppprrrooojjjeeecccttt iiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo hhhaaavvveee aaa cccooouuunnnccciiilll ccchhhaaammmpppiiiooonnn aaannnddd iiinnn mmmooosssttt cccaaassseeesss aaa ssspppooonnnsssooorrriiinnnggg SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuuppp... SSSIIIGGGsss ttthhheeennn tttaaakkkeee rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbiiillliiitttyyy aaattt ttthhheeeiiirrr rrreeeggguuulllaaarrr mmmeeeeeetttiiinnngggsss tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ppprrrooogggrrreeessssss iiisss bbbeeeiiinnnggg mmmaaadddeee iiinnn llliiinnneee wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee ooorrriiigggiiinnnaaalll ooobbbjjjeeeccctttiiivvveeesss...

!ccciiieeennnccceee CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy aaannnddd PPPlllaaannnnnniiinnnggg wwwiiittthhhiiinnn RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss

!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss vvvaaarrryyy iiinnn sssccciiieeennnccceee cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy aaannnddd cccaaapppaaaccciiitttyyy aaasss aaa fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnn bbbooottthhh ooofff nnneeeeeeddd aaannnddd rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss... WWWhhhiiillleee mmmaaannnyyy eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaarrreee nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll iiinnn ssscccooopppeee,,, ooottthhheeerrrsss aaarrreee ooofffttteeennn ssspppeeeccciiifffiiiccc tttooo aaa rrreeelllaaatttiiivvveeelllyyy sssmmmaaallllll nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff rrreeegggiiiooonnnsss... LLLaaarrrgggeeerrr cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss ttteeennnddd tttooo eeemmmpppllloooyyy sssccciiieeennntttiiifffiiiccc eeexxxpppeeerrrtttiiissseee tttooo dddeeeaaalll wwwiiittthhh ssspppeeeccciiifffiiiccc ooonnngggoooiiinnnggg ttteeeccchhhnnniiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss sssuuuccchhh aaasss wwwaaattteeerrr aaannnddd sssoooiiilll qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy... TTThhheee sssmmmaaalllllleeerrr cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss gggeeennneeerrraaallllllyyy cccooonnntttrrraaacccttt sssccciiieeennntttiiifffiiiccc eeexxxpppeeerrrtttiiissseee aaasss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd aaannnddd aaasss bbbuuudddgggeeetttsss pppeeerrrmmmiiittt... TTThhheee cccooolllllleeeccctttiiivvveee aaannnnnnuuuaaalll sssccciiieeennnccceee (((iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg mmmooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh))) bbbuuudddgggeeettt wwwiiittthhhiiinnn !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss iiisss iiinnn ttthhheee ooorrrdddeeerrr ooofff ssseeevvveeerrraaalll ttteeennnsss ooofff mmmiiilllllliiiooonnnsss ooofff dddooollllllaaarrrsss aaannnnnnuuuaaallllllyyy... PPPaaarrrttt ooofff ttthhhiiisss SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiisss ttthhhiiinnnkkkiiinnnggg aaarrrooouuunnnddd hhhooowww tttooo mmmaaaxxxiiimmmiiissseee ttthhheee vvvaaallluuueee ooofff ttthhhiiisss iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt fffooorrr ttthhheee iiinnndddiiivvviiiddduuuaaalll aaannnddd cccooolllllleeeccctttiiivvveee gggooooooddd...

EEEaaaccchhh ooofff ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrriiitttiiieeesss ttteeennndddsss tttooo ooopppeeerrraaattteee iiinnndddeeepppeeennndddeeennntttlllyyy iiinnn dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnniiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd nnneeeeeedddsss,,, aaannnddd aaalllttthhhooouuuggghhh tttooo dddaaattteee ttthhheeerrreee hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn sssooommmeee ssshhhaaarrriiinnnggg ooofff sssccciiieeennntttiiifffiiiccc eeexxxpppeeerrrtttiiissseee bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, aaa ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy fffooorrr ttthhheee !SSS&&&TTT ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiisss tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmmsss ttthhhaaattt wwwiiillllll eeennnsssuuurrreee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh---bbbaaassseeeddd cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr ooofff kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss tttooo cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss fffrrrooommm eeexxxttteeerrrnnnaaalll sssccciiieeennnccceee ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss...

AAA ssseeemmmiii---fffooorrrmmmaaalll sssyyysssttteeemmm ooofff ssshhhaaarrriiinnnggg kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee aaannnddd eeexxxpppeeerrriiieeennnccceeesss hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhheeeddd ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee llloooooossseeelllyyy cccoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaattteeeddd ppprrriiimmmaaarrriiilllyyy,,, bbbuuuttt nnnooottt eeexxxcccllluuusssiiivvveeelllyyy,,, ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh ttthhheee !eeesssooouuurrrccceee MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss GGGrrrooouuuppp (((!MMMGGG))),,, wwwhhhiiillleee ttthhheee BBBiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss GGGrrrooouuuppp (((BBBMMMGGG))) cccooovvveeerrrsss bbbiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy aaannnddd ttteeerrrrrreeessstttrrriiiaaalll bbbiiiooodddiiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy iiinnnttteeerrreeessstttsss... TTThhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt ssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrreee ooofff ttthhheee SSSIIIGGGsss iiisss ssshhhooowwwnnn iiinnn AAAppppppeeennndddiiixxx 111... TTThhheee SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss hhhaaavvveee oooffffffiiiccciiiaaalll mmmaaannndddaaattteeesss fffrrrooommm ttthhheee CCCEEEOOO FFFooorrruuummm aaannnddd iiinnn mmmooosssttt cccaaassseeesss ttthhheeeiiirrr TTTeeerrrmmmsss ooofff !eeefffeeerrreeennnccceee iiinnncccllluuudddeee aaannn ooobbbjjjeeeccctttiiivvveee tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd pppooossssssiiibbbllleee cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiivvveee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooojjjeeeccctttsss... TTThhheeessseee ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd ppprrrooojjjeeeccctttsss aaarrreee gggeeennneeerrraaallllllyyy aaaccctttiiiooonnneeeddd ooonnn aaannn iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaalll ooorrr aaaddd hhhoooccc bbbaaasssiiisss ooonnnlllyyy...

!pppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuuppp RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh PPPrrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss

DDDuuurrriiinnnggg 222000000999 aaannnddd 222000111000 ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh CCCoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaatttooorrr wwwooorrrkkkeeeddd ccclllooossseeelllyyy wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg ttthhheee ppprrroooccceeessssss ooouuutttllliiinnneeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee ooorrriiigggiiinnnaaalll !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy... IIInnn mmmooosssttt cccaaassseeesss ttthhhiiisss iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd gggeeettttttiiinnnggg eeexxxttteeerrrnnnaaalll eeexxxpppeeerrrttt iiinnnpppuuuttt (((eee...ggg...,,, fffrrrooommm CCC!IIIsss))) aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss cccaaannnvvvaaassssssiiinnnggg fffooorrr iiinnnttteeerrrnnnaaalll iiinnnpppuuuttt... FFFooorrr mmmooosssttt SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss ttthhhiiisss wwwaaasss ttthhheee fffiiirrrsssttt tttiiimmmeee ttthhheeeyyy hhhaaaddd uuussseeeddd aaa fffooorrrmmmaaalll ppprrroooccceeessssss tttooo cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrr cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss aaannnddd ttthhheeerrreee wwwaaasss gggeeennneeerrraaalll aaacccccceeeppptttaaannnccceee ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee ppprrroooccceeessssss ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueeeddd... IIIttt iiisss pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy uuussseeefffuuulll tttooo fffooorrrmmm aaa !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll cccooonnnssseeennnsssuuusss ooonnn ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss tttooo iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ccceeennntttrrraaalll gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaannnddd aaalllsssooo cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt...

RRR!&&&TTT PPPrrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss

TTThhheee CCCrrrooowwwnnn !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh IIInnnssstttiiitttuuuttteee ssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrreee iiisss wwweeellllll sssuuuiiittteeeddd tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaasss mmmuuuccchhh ooofff ttthhheee fffooocccuuusss iiisss ooonnn rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ttthhhaaattt cccaaannn bbbeee aaappppppllliiieeeddd tttooo cccooouuunnnccciiilll iiissssssuuueeesss... TTThhheee NNNaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll IIInnnssstttiiitttuuuttteee ooofff WWWaaattteeerrr aaannnddd AAAtttmmmooosssppphhheeerrriiiccc !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh (((NNNIIIWWWAAA))) aaannnddd LLLaaannndddcccaaarrreee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnn pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrr aaarrreee vvveeerrryyy fffooocccuuussseeeddd ooonnn kkkeeeyyy aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt tttooo !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll nnneeeeeedddsss... TTThhheee ooottthhheeerrr CCC!III’’’sss,,, ttthhheee uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd aaalllsssooo rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ooorrrgggaaannniiizzzaaatttiiiooonnnsss sssuuuccchhh aaasss CCCaaawwwttthhhrrrooonnn,,, ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaaddddddiiitttiiiooonnnaaalll eeexxxpppeeerrrtttiiissseee aaannnddd sssccciiieeennnccceee ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeesss,,, ooofffttteeennn iiinnn vvveeerrryyy ssspppeeeccciiiaaallliiissseeeddd aaarrreeeaaasss bbbeeeyyyooonnnddd ttthhheee sssccciiieeennnccceee cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy ooofff mmmooosssttt cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss... TTThhhiiisss !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy ssseeeeeekkksss tttooo ssstttrrreeennngggttthhheeennn llliiinnnkkkaaagggeeesss wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee cccooouuunnntttrrryyy’’’sss rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt aaannnddd fffuuutttuuurrreee nnneeeeeedddsss ooofff ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaarrreee cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteeeddd aaannnddd aaaccckkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeeeddd...


666

33.. GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt RReesseeaarrcchh !uunnddiinngg

TTThhheee MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn iiisss ttthhheee ppprrriiimmmaaarrryyy fffuuunnndddeeerrr ooofff eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnn NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd iiinnnvvveeessstttiiinnnggg iiinnn ttthhheee ooorrrdddeeerrr ooofff $$$111000000 mmmiiilllllliiiooonnn aaannnnnnuuuaaallllllyyy,,, mmmaaaiiinnnlllyyy tttooo ttthhheee CCC!IIIsss aaannnddd tttooo aaa llleeesssssseeerrr eeexxxttteeennnttt uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttiiieeesss... TTThhheee aaammmooouuunnnttt aaaccctttuuuaaallllllyyy aaallllllooocccaaattteeeddd tttooo eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnnooo lllooonnngggeeerrr ssshhhooowwwsss iiinnn VVVooottteee !SSS&&&TTT aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaatttiiiooonnnsss aaasss 666666%%% ooofff ttthhheee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg hhhaaasss gggooonnneee tttooo “““CCC!III CCCooorrreee FFFuuunnndddiiinnnggg”””,,, llleeeaaavvviiinnnggg $$$333555MMM aaasss cccooonnnttteeessstttaaabbbllleee (((FFFiiiggguuurrreee 111)))...

FFFiiiggguuurrreee 111... GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt iiinnn rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffooorrr 222000111111///111222 (((!ooouuurrrccceee::: BBBuuudddgggeeettt MMMaaayyy 222000111111,,, VVVooottteee RRR!&&&TTT EEEssstttiiimmmaaattteeesss ooofff AAApppppprrroooppprrriiiaaatttiiiooonnnsss)))

TTThhheee ssscccooopppeee ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee ttthhhaaattt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss cccaaannn dddiiirrreeeccctttlllyyy pppuuurrrccchhhaaassseee iiisss mmmuuuccchhh sssmmmaaalllllleeerrr ttthhhaaannn ttthhheee aaabbbooovvveee... CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss wwwiiillllll ttthhheeerrreeefffooorrreee iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaagggeeennndddaaa ooofff NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd,,, nnnooottt bbbyyy eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc fffooorrrccceee,,, bbbuuuttt bbbyyy aaapppppprrreeeccciiiaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheeeiiirrr cccooolllllleeeccctttiiivvveee iiinnnsssiiiggghhhttt aaarrriiisssiiinnnggg fffrrrooommm ttthhheeeiiirrr uuunnniiiqqquuueee rrrooollleee aaasss rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss aaannnddd pppooollliiicccyyy mmmaaakkkeeerrrsss ssshhhaaapppiiinnnggg NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd’’’sss eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt ‘‘‘ooonnn ttthhheee gggrrrooouuunnnddd’’’,,, aaannnddd ttthhheeeiiirrr uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg ooofff ttthhheee ssstttaaattteee ooofff aaannnddd ppprrreeessssssuuurrreeesss cccooommmiiinnnggg tttooo bbbeeeaaarrr ooonnn ttthhhaaattt eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt...

PPPrrriiiooorrr tttooo ttthhheee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt ooofff ttthhheee !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy,,, !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss wwweeerrreee nnnooottt fffooorrrmmmaaallllllyyy iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd aaasss aaa uuunnniiifffiiieeeddd vvvoooiiiccceee iiinnn iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccciiinnnggg GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaallllllooocccaaatttiiiooonnnsss tttooo eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ooorrr cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt... TTTooodddaaayyy,,, kkkeeeyyy ssseeennniiiooorrr !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll ssstttaaaffffff aaarrreee rrreeeggguuulllaaarrrlllyyy cccooonnnsssuuulllttteeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee MMMSSSIII,,, fffooorrr !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll iiinnnpppuuuttt ooonnn rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaallllllooocccaaatttiiiooonnn dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss...

MMMSSSIII hhhaaasss aaa mmmaaannndddaaattteee tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss fffooorrr GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt sssccciiieeennnccceee fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaannnddd dddoooeeesss ttthhhiiisss iiinnn cccooonnnsssuuullltttaaatttiiiooonnn wwwiiittthhh aaa wwwiiidddeee rrraaannngggeee ooofff ssstttaaakkkeeehhhooollldddeeerrrsss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg CCCeeennntttrrraaalll aaannnddd LLLooocccaaalll GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt,,, iiinnnddduuussstttrrryyy aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrrsss... MMMSSSIII hhhaaasss eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeeeddd !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaannnddd mmmaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnn aaa !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmm fffooorrr mmmooorrreee fffooorrrmmmaaalll iiinnnttteeerrraaaccctttiiiooonnn wwwiiittthhh ttthhheeemmm,,, aaannnddd pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss fffuuutttuuurrreee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss...

AAAsss aaa cccooonnnssseeeqqquuueeennnccceee ooofff ttthhheee CCC!III TTTaaassskkk FFFooorrrccceee rrreeepppooorrrttt rrreeecccooommmmmmeeennndddaaatttiiiooonnnsss,,, mmmaaajjjooorrr ccchhhaaannngggeeesss wwweeerrreee iiinnntttrrroooddduuuccceeeddd iiinnn 222000111000 tttooo ttthhheee wwwaaayyy sssccciiieeennnccceee iiisss tttooo bbbeee dddiiirrreeecccttteeeddd aaannnddd fffuuunnndddeeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee fffuuutttuuurrreee... CCC!IIIsss aaarrreee tttooo bbbeee mmmooorrreee rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiivvveee tttooo NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd’’’sss eeennnddd---uuussseeerrr nnneeeeeedddsss aaannnddd wwwiiillllll uuussseee aaadddvvviiisssooorrryyy pppaaannneeelllsss tttooo ggguuuiiidddeee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn... TTThhheeerrreee wwwiiillllll bbbeee llleeessssss cccooonnnttteeessstttaaabbbllleee fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaannnddd gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr cccooorrreee fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg ppprrrooovvviiidddeeeddd tttooo CCC!IIIsss,,, pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy iiinnn ttthhheeeiiirrr aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff kkkeeeyyy fffooocccuuusss... CCCooonnnttteeessstttaaabbbllleee bbbiiiddddddiiinnnggg wwwiiillllll ssstttiiillllll bbbeee uuussseeeddd fffooorrr fffuuunnndddsss nnnooottt cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrreeeddd cccooorrreee aaannnddd ttthhheee ppprrroooccceeessssss wwwiiillllll ooopppeeerrraaattteee sssiiimmmiiilllaaarrrlllyyy tttooo ttthhheee wwwaaayyy iiittt dddiiiddd ppprrreeevvviiiooouuussslllyyy...

CCCuuurrrrrreeennnttt FFFooocccuuusss ooofff GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt---FFFuuunnndddeeeddd EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll !ccciiieeennnccceee

TTThhheeerrreee hhhaaavvveee bbbeeeeeennn mmmaaajjjooorrr ccchhhaaannngggeeesss iiinnn ttthhheee GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt’’’sss fffooocccuuusss ooonnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll sssccciiieeennnccceee iiinnn ttthhheee lllaaasssttt tttwwwooo yyyeeeaaarrrsss aaannnddd ttthhhiiisss iiisss hhhiiiggghhhllliiiggghhhttteeeddd iiinnn MMMSSSIII’’’sss (((FFF!SSSTTT’’’sss))) EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt SSSeeeccctttooorrr PPPlllaaannn... IIIttt iiisss


777

cccllleeeaaarrr fffrrrooommm ttthhhiiisss ppplllaaannn ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn iiinnnfffllluuueeennntttiiiaaalll iiinnn iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg bbbooottthhh ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss aaannnddd sssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss...

CCChhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss

TTThhheee ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss ttthhheee GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt fffaaaccceeesss tttooo dddeeellliiivvveeerrr gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr bbbeeennneeefffiiittt tttooo NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd fffrrrooommm eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll sssccciiieeennnccceee,,, aaannnddd wwwhhhiiiccchhh aaarrreee tttooo bbbeee aaaddddddrrreeesssssseeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt sssccciiieeennnccceee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiinnncccllluuudddeee (((fffrrrooommm ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt SSSeeeccctttooorrr IIInnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt PPPlllaaannn 222000111000---222000111222))):::

BBBeeetttttteeerrr cccooonnnnnneeeccctttiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo uuussseeerrrsss::: TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee vvvaaallluuueee fffrrrooommm ttthhheee gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt’’’sss iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, iiittt iiisss vvviiitttaaalll ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss uuussseeeddd bbbyyy ttthhhooossseee wwwhhhooo nnneeeeeeddd iiittt... EEEnnnddd---uuussseeerrrsss ooofff eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeeddd iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn ttthhhaaattt iiisss rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt,,, eeeaaasssyyy tttooo uuussseee aaannnddd sssuuuffffffiiiccciiieeennntttlllyyy tttaaarrrgggeeettteeeddd tttooo hhheeelllppp fffeeeeeeddd iiinnn tttooo dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn---mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg aaannnddd pppooollliiicccyyy ssseeettttttiiinnnggg...

GGGrrreeeaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh llliiinnnkkkaaagggeeesss tttooo pppooollliiicccyyy::: AAA mmmaaajjjooorrr iiissssssuuueee nnnooottteeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee 222000000444 eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll aaarrreeeaaa rrreeevvviiieeewww wwwaaasss ttthhheee lllooowww llleeevvveeelllsss ooofff eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll pppooollliiicccyyy---ooorrriiieeennnttteeeddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnn NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd cccooommmpppaaarrreeeddd tttooo ooottthhheeerrr (((OOOEEECCCDDD))) cccooouuunnntttrrriiieeesss...

GGGrrreeeaaattteeerrr ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc aaallliiigggnnnmmmeeennnttt::: GGGiiivvveeennn ttthhheee nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff ooottthhheeerrr aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss iiinnnvvveeessstttiiinnnggg iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, iiittt iiisss iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee FFFooouuunnndddaaatttiiiooonnn’’’sss iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt dddoooeeesss nnnooottt ddduuupppllliiicccaaattteee ooorrr rrruuunnn cccooouuunnnttteeerrr tttooo ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn ooofff ooottthhheeerrr iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt...

GGGrrreeeaaattteeerrr iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff llliiimmmiiitttsss ooofff aaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ccchhhaaannngggeee::: TTThhheeerrreee iiisss aaannn uuurrrgggeeennnttt nnneeeeeeddd tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy eeecccooolllooogggiiicccaaalll llliiimmmiiitttsss (((tttiiippppppiiinnnggg pppoooiiinnntttsss))) aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrr (((sssoooccciiiaaalll aaannnddd cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll))) llliiimmmiiitttsss ooofff aaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee ccchhhaaannngggeee fffooorrr kkkeeeyyy nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss...

MMMooorrreee iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd aaannnddd cccrrrooossssss---dddiiisssccciiipppllliiinnnaaarrryyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh::: IIInnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggglllyyy,,, eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt aaannnddd pppooollliiicccyyy dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee aaannn uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg ooofff wwwhhhooollleee sssyyysssttteeemmmsss... EEExxxaaammmpppllleeesss ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh wwwhhheeerrreee iiimmmppprrrooovvveeeddd sssyyysssttteeemmmsss kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee iiisss nnneeeeeedddeeeddd iiinnn NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd iiinnncccllluuudddeee:::

! IIInnnttteeerrraaaccctttiiiooonnnsss bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn eeecccooosssyyysssttteeemmmsss

! CCCuuummmuuulllaaatttiiivvveee eeeffffffeeeccctttsss

! WWWeeeiiiggghhhiiinnnggg uuuppp mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee vvvaaallluuueeesss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss! IIImmmpppaaaccctttsss ooofff pppooollliiicccyyy aaannnddd mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt iiinnnttteeerrrvvveeennntttiiiooonnnsss

! DDDaaatttaaa ssshhhaaarrriiinnnggg /// OOOpppeeennn aaacccccceeessssss tttooo rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd dddaaatttaaassseeetttsss

! GGGrrreeeaaattteeerrr uuussseee ooofff nnneeewww ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggiiieeesss

! MMMooorrreee cccooonnnsssiiisssttteeennnttt nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll dddaaatttaaa cccooolllllleeeccctttiiiooonnn

OOOvvveeerrr ttthhheee pppaaasssttt dddeeecccaaadddeee,,, ttthhheeerrreee hhhaaavvveee bbbeeeeeennn sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt ssshhhiiiffftttsss iiinnn ttthhheee wwwaaayyy ttthhheee FFFooouuunnndddaaatttiiiooonnn hhhaaasss ooopppeeerrraaattteeeddd iiitttsss eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt... PPPooosssiiitttiiivvveee ccchhhaaannngggeeesss iiinnncccllluuudddeee!:::

IIImmmppprrrooovvveeeddd eeennngggaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt iiinnn iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiieeesss aaannnddd ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeesss bbbyyy kkkeeeyyy eeennnddd uuussseeerrrsss sssuuuccchhh aaasss ttthhheee MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy fffooorrr ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt,,, ttthhheee DDDeeepppaaarrrtttmmmeeennnttt ooofff CCCooonnnssseeerrrvvvaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss

BBBeeetttttteeerrr kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee aaannnddd ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr tttooo kkkeeeyyy eeennnddd uuussseeerrrsss,,, wwwiiittthhh EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkkppplllaaayyyiiinnnggg aaannn iiinnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggglllyyy vvvaaallluuuaaabbbllleee rrrooollleee

MMMooorrreee iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd aaannnddd hhhooollliiissstttiiiccc rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeesss cccrrreeeaaattteeeddd bbbyyy uuusssiiinnnggg ooouuutttcccooommmeee---bbbaaassseeeddd iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennntttsss aaannnddd ssstttaaabbbllleee fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennntttsss

GGGeeennnuuuiiinnneee eeeffffffooorrrtttsss bbbyyy mmmaaajjjooorrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss tttooo rrreeessspppooonnnddd tttooo gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt pppooollliiiccciiieeesss aaannnddd ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd tttooo ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiieeesss dddeeevvveeelllooopppeeeddd bbbyyy kkkeeeyyy eeennnddd uuussseeerrrsss...

(((SSSooouuurrrccceee::: EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt SSSeeeccctttooorrr IIInnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt PPPlllaaannn 222000111000---222000111222... FFF!SSSTTT AAAuuuggg 222000111000)))


888

IIInnn vvviiieeewww ooofff ttthhheeessseee ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss,,, MMMSSSIII iiisss lllooooookkkiiinnnggg tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy fffooorrr eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss rrreeetttaaaiiinnneeeddd aaannnddd dddeeevvveeelllooopppeeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg ssspppeeeccciiifffiiiccc aaarrreeeaaasss:::

PPPrrreeedddiiiccctttiiivvveee sssccciiieeennnccceee,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg mmmooodddeeelllllliiinnnggg aaannnddd eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll fffooorrreeecccaaassstttiiinnnggg...DDDeeevvveeelllooopppiiinnnggg dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn---sssuuuppppppooorrrttt sssyyysssttteeemmmsss aaannnddd tttoooooolllsss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg iiinnn ttteeerrrmmmsss ooofff sssccceeennnaaarrriiiooo bbbuuuiiillldddiiinnnggg aaannnddd fffuuutttuuurrreeesss ttthhhiiinnnkkkiiinnnggg,,, pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy iiinnn ttteeerrrmmmsss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss fffaaaccciiinnnggg cccooommmpppeeetttiiitttiiiooonnn ppprrreeessssssuuurrreeesss (((eee...ggg... fffrrreeessshhh wwwaaattteeerrr)))... CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy tttooo tttrrraaannnssslllaaattteee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffiiinnndddiiinnngggsss iiinnntttooo aaannn aaappppppllliiieeeddd ssseeettttttiiinnnggg ––– iii...eee...,,, sssiiigggnnnaaalllllliiinnnggg ttthhheee iiimmmpppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee fffooorrr kkkeeeyyy uuussseeerrr aaauuudddiiieeennnccceeesss wwwiiittthhhiiinnn aaa rrreeeggguuulllaaatttooorrryyy,,, ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg,,, pppooollliiicccyyy aaannnddd mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt cccooonnnttteeexxxttt...EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll eeecccooonnnooommmiiicccsss aaannnddd sssoooccciiiaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh aaa llleeennnsss ooofff vvvaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss...!eeemmmooottteee ssseeennnsssiiinnnggg aaannnddd aaannnaaalllyyysssiiisss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg iiinnn rrreeelllaaatttiiiooonnn tttooo lllaaannnddd cccooovvveeerrr,,, lllaaannnddd uuussseee aaannnddd fffrrreeessshhh wwwaaattteeerrr qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy...CCCaaarrrbbbooonnn fffllluuuxxx aaannnddd ssstttoooccckkk aaannnaaalllyyysssiiisss...IIInnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiicccsss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg gggeeeooossspppaaatttiiiaaalll dddaaatttaaa aaannnaaalllyyysssiiisss aaannnddd iiinnnttteeerrrppprrreeetttaaatttiiiooonnn...TTTaaaxxxooonnnooommmyyy...

EEEnnnhhhaaannnccciiinnnggg cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy iiinnn ttthhheeessseee aaarrreeeaaasss iiisss ssseeeeeennn aaasss aaa ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy iiinnn ooorrrdddeeerrr tttooo hhheeelllppp eeennnsssuuurrreee bbbeeetttttteeerrr vvvaaallluuueee iiisss dddeeerrriiivvveeeddd fffrrrooommm cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt aaannnddd fffuuutttuuurrreee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt... MMMSSSIII iiisss aaalllsssooo lllooooookkkiiinnnggg tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy iiinnn aaarrreeeaaasss wwwhhheeerrreee kkkeeeyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhheeerrrsss wwwiiillllll rrreeetttiiirrreee iiinnn ttthhheee nnneeexxxttt fffeeewww yyyeeeaaarrrsss aaannnddd sssuuucccccceeessssssiiiooonnn ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg iiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd (((eee...ggg... sssoooiiilllsss aaannnddd fffiiissshhheeerrriiieeesss)))...

TTThhheee gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt hhhaaasss aaa pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrr fffooocccuuusss ooonnn dddeeellliiivvveeerrriiinnnggg eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc gggrrrooowwwttthhh aaannnddd ssseeeeeesss “““NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd’’’sss nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss hhhaaavvviiinnnggg ttthhheee pppooottteeennntttiiiaaalll tttooo sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannntttlllyyy rrraaaiiissseee ooouuurrr eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee”””... MMMSSSIII wwwiiillllll sssuuuppppppooorrrttt ttthhhiiisss pppooollliiicccyyy dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn wwwiiittthhh iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo:::

IIIdddeeennntttiiifffyyy aaannnddd qqquuuaaannntttiiifffyyy ttthhheee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll iiimmmpppaaaccctttsss ooofff eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaaccctttiiivvviiitttiiieeesss ooonnn rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll eeecccooosssyyysssttteeemmmsss...VVVaaallluuueee nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg iiinnn ttteeerrrmmmsss ooofff ssseeettttttiiinnnggg nnnooonnn---eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc (((iii...eee... iiinnntttrrriiinnnsssiiiccc))) vvvaaallluuueeesss aaalllooonnngggsssiiidddeee eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc ooonnneeesss...IIIdddeeennntttiiifffyyy eeecccooolllooogggiiicccaaalll llliiimmmiiitttsss ooorrr ttthhhrrreeessshhhooollldddsss ttthhhaaattt eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhheee sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbllleee uuussseee ooofff aaa nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee,,, aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrr llliiimmmiiitttsss ooofff aaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ccchhhaaannngggeee...EEEnnnaaabbbllleee eeecccooo---ccceeerrrtttiiifffiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd’’’sss ppprrroooddduuuccctttsss aaannnddd ssseeerrrvvviiiccceeesss...

TTThhheee GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt hhhaaasss iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd fffrrreeessshhhwwwaaattteeerrr aaannnddd cccllliiimmmaaattteee ccchhhaaannngggeee aaasss tttwwwooo ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy aaarrreeeaaasss fffooorrr eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrr pppooollliiicccyyy dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt iiinnn NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd...

MMMaaannnyyy ooofff ttthhheeessseee kkkeeeyyy ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss wwweeerrreee aaalllsssooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee MMMaaarrrccchhh 222000000999 !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn rrreeefffeeerrreeennnccceeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt SSSeeeccctttooorrr PPPlllaaannn aaasss fffooollllllooowwwsss:::

UUUnnndddeeerrrpppiiinnnnnniiinnnggg ttthhheeessseee pppooollliiiccciiieeesss,,, ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiieeesss aaannnddd ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeesss aaarrreee aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll (((aaannnddd sssooommmeeetttiiimmmeeesss sssuuubbb---nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll))) sssccciiieeennnccceee ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiieeesss aaannnddd ppplllaaannnsss dddeeesssiiigggnnneeeddd tttooo ssseeettt ttthhheee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn ooofff sssuuuppppppooorrrtttiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh... TTTooo ttthhheee FFFooouuunnndddaaatttiiiooonnn,,, ttthhheeessseee aaarrreee kkkeeeyyy eeennnddd uuussseeerrr dddooocccuuummmeeennntttsss wwwhhhiiiccchhh wwwiiillllll iiinnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggglllyyy iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn ooofff iiitttsss iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh... EEExxxaaammmpppllleeesss iiinnncccllluuudddeee:::

MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, SSSccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd TTTeeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy::: EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh !oooaaadddmmmaaappp (((222000000777)))...RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffooorrr ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt::: AAA RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, !ccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd TTTeeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy !tttrrraaattteeegggyyy fffooorrr RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss (((222000000999)))...

(((SSSooouuurrrccceee::: EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt SSSeeeccctttooorrr IIInnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt PPPlllaaannn 222000111000---222000111222... FFF!SSSTTT AAAuuuggg 222000111000)))


999

TTThhheee rrreeevvviiissseeeddd !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy eeennndddooorrrssseeesss ttthhheee aaabbbooovvveee “““ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss””” aaannnddd ssseeeeeesss ttthhheeemmm aaasss sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt oooppppppooorrrtttuuunnniiitttiiieeesss fffooorrr !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaannnddd ccceeennntttrrraaalll GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt tttooo cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaattteee...

GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt IIInnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt LLLeeevvveeelllsss iiinnn EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh

••• IIInnn ttthhheee 222000111000///222000111111 fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll yyyeeeaaarrr,,, aaapppppprrroooxxxiiimmmaaattteeelllyyy $$$777444...222555 mmmiiilllllliiiooonnn +++ GGGSSSTTT wwwiiillllll bbbeee aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee fffooorrr MMMSSSIII tttooo iiinnnvvveeesssttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh... AAAsss pppeeerrr BBBuuudddgggeeettt 222000111000 dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss,,, ttthhheee aaammmooouuunnnttt aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee fffooorrr ttthhheee FFFooouuunnndddaaatttiiiooonnn tttooo iiinnnvvveeesssttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh bbbyyy ttthhheee 222000111333///222000111444 fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll yyyeeeaaarrr wwwiiillllll bbbeee aaapppppprrroooxxxiiimmmaaattteeelllyyy $$$777333...333555 mmmiiilllllliiiooonnn +++ GGGSSSTTT111 (((aaapppppprrroooxxxiiimmmaaattteeelllyyy $$$888444 mmmiiilllllliiiooonnn iiinnncccllluuusssiiivvveee ooofff GGGSSSTTT)))...

••• AAA fffuuurrrttthhheeerrr $$$111888 mmmiiilllllliiiooonnn +++ GGGSSSTTT iiisss aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee aaannnnnnuuuaaallllllyyy fffooorrr eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll “““bbbaaaccckkkbbbooonnneee””” aaasssssseeetttsss (((nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaallllllyyy sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt dddaaatttaaabbbaaassseeesss,,, cccooolllllleeeccctttiiiooonnnsss aaannnddd iiinnnfffrrraaassstttrrruuuccctttuuurrreee))),,, bbbrrriiinnngggiiinnnggg ttthhheee FFFooouuunnndddaaatttiiiooonnn’’’sss tttoootttaaalll llleeevvveeelll ooofff iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo aaarrrooouuunnnddd $$$111000333...888 mmmiiilllllliiiooonnn (((iiinnncccllluuusssiiivvveee ooofff GGGSSSTTT))) iiinnn 222000111000///222000111111...

GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt IIInnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt OOOuuutttcccooommmeeesss

MMMSSSIII’’’sss iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh wwwiiillllll fffooocccuuusss tttooo aaa mmmuuuccchhh gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr dddeeegggrrreeeeee iiinnn ttthhheee fffuuutttuuurrreee ooonnn dddeeellliiivvveeerrriiinnnggg nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll bbbeeennneeefffiiittt fffrrrooommm hhhiiiggghhh qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ttthhhaaattt:::

MMMeeeeeetttsss ttthhheee ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn nnneeeeeedddsss ooofff kkkeeeyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeennnddd uuussseeerrrsss

BBBeeetttttteeerrr llliiinnnkkksss eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo pppooollliiicccyyy ssseeettttttiiinnnggg aaannnddd rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt

IIIsss ssscccooopppeeeddd aaannnddd dddeeellliiivvveeerrreeeddd iiinnn sssuuuccchhh aaa wwwaaayyy aaasss tttooo iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseee ttthhheee uuuppptttaaakkkeee ooofff ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffiiinnndddiiinnngggsss bbbyyy kkkeeeyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeennnddd uuussseeerrrsss eeetttccc...

GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt’’’sss IIImmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn PPPaaattthhhwwwaaayyy

TTTooo bbbrrriiinnnggg aaabbbooouuuttt ttthhheee dddeeesssiiirrreeeddd ccchhhaaannngggeeesss,,, MMMSSSIII wwwiiillllll eeennngggaaagggeee mmmuuuccchhh mmmooorrreee ccclllooossseeelllyyy wwwiiittthhh kkkeeeyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh uuussseeerrrsss tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy aaarrreeeaaasss fffooorrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg vvviiiaaa aaa nnneeewww SSSeeeccctttooorrr AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, aaannnddd wwwiiillllll ssseeeeeekkk iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseeeddd aaallliiigggnnnmmmeeennnttt wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll’’’sss (((aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrrsss))) sssccciiieeennnccceee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy...

GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt PPPrrrooopppooossseeeddd CCChhhaaannngggeeesss tttooo EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk

IIInnn ooorrrdddeeerrr tttooo iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseee ttthhheee uuussseee ooofff ttthhheee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnn wwwhhhiiiccchhh iiittt iiinnnvvveeessstttsss,,, MMMSSSIII hhhaaasss ppprrrooopppooossseeeddd tttooo eeennnhhhaaannnccceee iiitttsss eeexxxiiissstttiiinnnggg kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr tttoooooolll (((EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk))) aaasss rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaallllllooowwwtttooo cccrrreeeaaattteee aaannn “““EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk PPPllluuusss””” tttoooooolll... CCChhhaaannngggeeesss aaarrreee ppprrrooopppooossseeeddd iiinnn rrreeessspppeeecccttt ooofff:::

AAA (((gggrrraaaddduuuaaalll))) iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseee iiinnn tttoootttaaalll iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt aaallllllooocccaaatttiiiooonnn...

AAAnnn iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseee iiinnn fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll ttthhhrrreeessshhhooollldddsss fffooorrr aaadddvvviiiccceee gggrrraaannntttsss...

CCCooonnnsssiiidddeeerrriiinnnggg ttthhheee uuussseee ooofff aaacccccceeessssss tttooo pppooosssttt---gggrrraaaddduuuaaattteee ssstttuuudddeeennnttt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh cccaaapppaaaccciiitttyyy

CCCooonnnsssiiidddeeerrriiinnnggg bbbrrroooaaadddeeennniiinnnggg aaadddvvviiiccceee gggrrraaannntttsss tttooo iiinnncccllluuudddeee aaallllll !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss fffooorrr cccrrrooossssss---cccooouuunnnccciiilll cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiivvveee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh...

! BBBuuudddgggeeettt 222000111000::: VVVooottteee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, SSSccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd TTTeeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggyyy::: EEEssstttiiimmmaaattteeesss ooofff AAApppppprrroooppprrriiiaaatttiiiooonnnsss (((222000111000///222000111111)))


111000

44.. SSttrraatteeggiicc GGooaallss ffoorr RReeggiioonnaall CCoouunncciill RRSS&&TT

!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll ssstttaaaffffff,,, wwwooorrrkkkiiinnnggg wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd fffooouuurrr kkkeeeyyy gggoooaaalllsss fffooorrr ttthhheee !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy:::

111... TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee tttiiimmmeeelllyyy,,, aaauuuttthhhooorrriiitttaaatttiiivvveee aaannnddd rrreeessspppeeecccttteeeddd dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn tttooo sssccciiieeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg

222... TTTooo cccaaatttaaalllyyyssseee aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccceee sssccciiieeennnccceee dddeeellliiivvveeerrryyy

333... TTTooo fffaaaccciiillliiitttaaattteee sssccciiieeennnccceee uuuppptttaaakkkeee

444... TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee aaannn ooonnngggoooiiinnnggg !SSS&&&TTT ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss

GGGoooaaalll 111 --- TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee tttiiimmmeeelllyyy,,, aaauuuttthhhooorrriiitttaaatttiiivvveee aaannnddd rrreeessspppeeecccttteeeddd dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn tttooo sssccciiieeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg... TTThhhiiisss iiisss mmmaaaiiinnnlllyyy aaabbbooouuuttt hhhaaavvviiinnnggg iiinnnpppuuuttt tttooo GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt sssccciiieeennnccceee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn,,, ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss,,, aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaallllllooocccaaatttiiiooonnn... IIIttt iiisss aaalllsssooo aaabbbooouuuttt pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrriiinnnggg wwwiiittthhh rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss iiinnn !SSS&&&TTT... TTThhhiiisss GGGoooaaalll rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseeesss ttthhheee kkkeeeyyy rrrooollleee ttthhhaaattt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss ppplllaaayyy iiinnn dddeeellliiivvveeerrriiinnnggg eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ooouuutttcccooommmeeesss...

GGGoooaaalll 222 --- TTTooo cccaaatttaaalllyyyssseee aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccceee sssccciiieeennnccceee dddeeellliiivvveeerrryyy... TTThhhiiisss GGGoooaaalll fffooocccuuussseeesss ooonnn eeennnsssuuurrriiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss hhhaaavvveee ttthhheee cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy aaannnddd cccaaapppaaaccciiitttyyy tttooo dddeeellliiivvveeerrr gggooooooddd sssccciiieeennnccceee,,, aaannnddd aaalllsssooo ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeerrreee iiisss cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaatttiiiooonnn wwwiiittthhh rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd eeessspppeeeccciiiaaallllllyyy uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttiiieeesss aaasss tttooo fffuuutttuuurrreee ssskkkiiillllll rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennntttsss aaannnddd wwwiiittthhh GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt ooonnn mmmaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnniiinnnggg aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccciiinnnggg kkkeeeyyy cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy wwwiiittthhhiiinnn ttthhheee sssccciiieeennnccceee ssseeeccctttooorrr gggeeennneeerrraaallllllyyy...

GGGoooaaalll 333 ––– TTTooo fffaaaccciiillliiitttaaattteee sssccciiieeennnccceee uuuppptttaaakkkeee... TTThhhiiisss GGGoooaaalll fffooocccuuussseeesss ooonnn eeennnsssuuurrriiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt sssccciiieeennnccceee ooouuutttpppuuutttsss aaarrreee uuussseeefffuuulll tttooo !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaannnddd ttthhhaaattt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeesssuuullltttsss aaarrreee aaappppppllliiieeeddd iiinnn aaa tttiiimmmeeelllyyy mmmaaannnnnneeerrr...

GGGoooaaalll 444 --- TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee aaannn ooonnngggoooiiinnnggg RRR!&&&TTT ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss... TTThhhiiisss GGGoooaaalll iiisss aaabbbooouuuttt ppprrrooovvviiidddiiinnnggg ppprrroooccceeesssssseeesss fffooorrr gggooovvveeerrrnnnaaannnccceee aaannnddd kkkeeeeeepppiiinnnggg ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy aaallliiivvveee aaannnddd rrreeeggguuulllaaarrrlllyyy uuupppdddaaattteeeddd...

SSStttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc OOObbbjjjeeeccctttiiivvveeesss uuunnndddeeerrr eeeaaaccchhh GGGoooaaalll fffooollllllooowww:::

!tttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc OOObbbjjjeeeccctttiiivvveeesss

GGGoooaaalll 111... TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee tttiiimmmeeelllyyy,,, aaauuuttthhhooorrriiitttaaatttiiivvveee aaannnddd rrreeessspppeeecccttteeeddd dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn tttooo sssccciiieeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg

OOObbbjjjeeeccctttiiivvveeesss fffooorrr GGGoooaaalll 111:::

111... TTTooo bbbeee rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseeeddd aaasss aaa sssiiinnngggllleee,,, rrreeeppprrreeessseeennntttaaatttiiivvveee vvvoooiiiccceee wwwiiittthhh aaa lllooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm fffooocccuuusss,,, ttthhhaaattt ppprrroooddduuuccceeesss rrrooobbbuuusssttt sssccciiieeennntttiiifffiiiccc kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee aaannnddd aaaccctttiiivvveeelllyyy dddrrriiivvveeesss pppooollliiicccyyy dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn

222... TTTooo bbbeee rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseeeddd aaasss aaa tttrrruuusssttteeeddd pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrr,,, nnnooottt jjjuuusssttt aaannn eeennnddd uuussseeerrr,,, aaannnddd aaa uuunnniiifffiiieeeddd vvvoooiiiccceee aaasss tttooo hhhooowww rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee aaallllllooocccaaattteeeddd

333... TTTooo bbbeee vvviiieeewwweeeddd aaasss rrreeeaaalll pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrrsss bbbyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd fffuuunnndddeeerrrsss

444... TTTooo bbbeee iiinnnttteeegggrrraaallllllyyy iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd iiinnn MMMSSSIII nnneeegggoootttiiiaaattteeeddd iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennntttsss

555... TTTooo bbbeee rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseeeddd aaasss aaannn iiinnnttteeegggrrraaalll cccooommmpppooonnneeennnttt ooofff ttthhheee sssccciiieeennnccceee ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn sssyyysssttteeemmm

666... TTTooo ssseeecccuuurrreee aaannnddd dddiiirrreeecccttt aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg tttooowwwaaarrrdddsss sssccciiieeennnccceee gggoooaaalllsss tttooo:::

iii... UUUnnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss (((sssoooccciiiooo---eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc))) ooofff ttthhheee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaannnddd iiimmmpppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss tttooo ttthhheee fffuuutttuuurrreee


111111

iiiiii... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp tttoooooolllsss tttooo mmmaaannnaaagggeee ttthhheee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd bbbrrroooaaadddeeerrr rrrooollleeesss aaannnddd rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbiiillliiitttiiieeesss ooofff !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss

iiiiiiiii... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp nnneeewww mmmooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggiiieeesss iiivvv... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp ppprrraaagggmmmaaatttiiiccc sssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss fffooorrr ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsssvvv... PPPrrrooovvviiidddeee fffooorrr mmmooorrreee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee dddeeellliiivvveeerrryyy ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceeevvviii... PPPrrrooovvviiidddeee mmmooorrreee ccceeerrrtttaaaiiinnntttyyy wwwiiittthhh uuunnnccceeerrrtttaaaiiinnn iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnnvvviiiiii... PPPrrrooovvviiidddeee fffooorrr sssccceeennnaaarrriiiooo ttteeessstttiiinnnggg

777... TTTooo mmmaaaxxxiiimmmiiissseee llleeevvveeerrraaagggeee ooonnn eeexxxiiissstttiiinnnggg aaannnddd nnneeewww !CCC rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr sssccciiieeennnccceee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn

888... TTTooo iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss ooonnn ttthhheee cccuuullltttuuurrreee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo mmmeeeeeettt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss nnneeeeeedddsss

999... TTTooo aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee fffooorrr mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee---ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrr ttteeeaaammm aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh fffooorrr eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee uuussseee ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy

111000... TTTooo mmmeeeeeettt tttooommmooorrrrrrooowww’’’sss ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss tttooodddaaayyy’’’sss

111111... TTTooo fffooosssttteeerrr ttthhheee oooppptttiiimmmaaalll uuussseee ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss

111222... TTTooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaa sssyyysssttteeemmm fffooorrr ooonnngggoooiiinnnggg ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiisssaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffooorrr !CCC’’’sss nnneeeeeedddsss

111333... TTTooo bbbeee aaa vvvoooiiiccceee tttooo dddeeeaaalll wwwiiittthhh ooouuutttsssiiidddeee aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss --- sssuuuccchhh aaasss MMMfffEEE,,, DDDOOOCCC,,, MMMAAAFFF

111444... TTTooo eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhh cccllleeeaaarrr iiinnnttteeelllllleeeccctttuuuaaalll ppprrrooopppeeerrrtttyyy ggguuuiiidddeeellliiinnneeesss

111555... IIInnn aaa cccooolllllleeegggiiiaaalll mmmaaannnnnneeerrr,,, tttooo sssyyysssttteeemmmaaatttiiicccaaallllllyyy aaannnddd rrreeeggguuulllaaarrrlllyyy iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee gggaaapppsss iiinnn:::

iii... CCChhhaaarrraaacccttteeerrriiisssiiinnnggg NNNZZZ’’’sss nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss;;;;;iiiiii... IIIdddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg iiinnnvvveeennntttooorrriiieeesss aaannnddd tttrrreeennndddsss;;;;;iiiiiiiii... IIImmmppprrrooovvviiinnnggg kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee ooofff ppprrroooccceeesssssseeesss aaannnddd sssyyysssttteeemmmsss ttthhhaaattt ssshhhaaapppeee ttthhheee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss;;;;;iiivvv... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuuaaallllllyyy eeevvvaaallluuuaaatttiiinnnggg aaannnddd uuupppdddaaatttiiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee;;;;;vvv... AAAccchhhiiieeevvviiinnnggg aaannnddd ssshhhaaarrriiinnnggg cccooonnnssseeennnsssuuusss ooonnn ppprrraaaccctttiiiccceeesss ttthhhaaattt llleeeaaaddd tttooo sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbllleee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee

mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt (((wwwhhhiiillleee iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg aaannnddd iiinnncccooorrrpppooorrraaatttiiinnnggg rrreeegggiiiooonnnaaalll dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnccceeesss aaannnddd dddiiissstttiiinnnccctttiiivvveeennneeessssss)))...

GGGoooaaalll 222... TTTooo cccaaatttaaalllyyyssseee aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccceee sssccciiieeennnccceee dddeeellliiivvveeerrryyy


111... TTTooo mmmaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnn aaannnddd bbbuuuiiilllddd cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy aaannnddd eeennnsssuuurrreee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaarrreee tttaaarrrgggeeettteeeddd tttooo mmmooosssttt eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy dddeeellliiivvveeerrr eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ooouuutttcccooommmeeesss

222... TTTooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss ooofff iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg kkkeeeyyy !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee dddoooiiinnnggg ttthhhiiinnngggsss wwweeellllll iiinnn sssooommmeee aaarrreeeaaasss aaannnddd uuussseee ttthhheeessseee cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaasss aaa cccooonnnddduuuiiittt

333... TTTooo eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeee pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrrssshhhiiipppsss aaannnddd cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiivvveee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt

444... TTTooo eeemmmpppooowwweeerrr SSSIIIGGGsss tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss

555... TTTooo aaasssssseeessssss aaannnddd mmmaaannnaaagggeee rrriiissskkk aaassssssoooccciiiaaattteeeddd wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee ppprrrooovvviiisssiiiooonnn ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee

666... TTTooo ssseeettt uuuppp aaa sssyyysssttteeemmm ooofff aaadddvvvooocccaaatttiiinnnggg ooovvveeerrr pppuuubbbllliiiccc gggooooooddd sssccciiieeennnccceee fffooorrr mmmaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnniiinnnggg cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy

777... TTTooo cccooolllllleeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee tttooo MMMSSSIII,,, rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt mmmiiinnniiissstttrrriiieeesss,,, aaannnddd CCChhhiiieeefff EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll FFFooorrruuummm (((aaaccctttiiiooonnn --- tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy ttthhheee vvveeehhhiiicccllleee tttooo aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee)))

888... TTTooo eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhh mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmmsss fffooorrr gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr cccooouuunnnccciiilll iiinnnttteeerrraaaccctttiiiooonnn

999... TTTooo eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhh ppprrroooccceeesssssseeesss fffooorrr vvvaaallliiidddaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeesssuuullltttsss (((eee...ggg...,,, pppeeeeeerrr rrreeevvviiieeewww vvvsss... cccooonnntttrrraaacccttt rrreeepppooorrrttt)))


111222

111000... TTTooo ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiissseee aaannnddd tttaaarrrgggeeettt sssccciiieeennnccceee ttthhhaaattt rrreeefffllleeeccctttsss aaannnddd hhhaaasss rrreeegggaaarrrddd tttooo:::

SSStttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnccceee fffooorrr aaallllll !CCC’’’sss cccooolllllleeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy bbbuuuttt aaalllsssooo fffooorrr ssspppeeeccciiifffiiiccc ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss ooofff wwwiiidddeee sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnccceeeEEExxxiiissstttiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh cccaaapppaaaccciiitttyyyTTThhheee llliiikkkeeelllyyy bbbeeennneeefffiiitttsssTTThhheee aaabbbiiillliiitttyyy ooofff uuussseeerrrsss tttooo cccaaappptttuuurrreee ttthhheee bbbeeennneeefffiiitttsss...

GGGoooaaalll 333... TTTooo fffaaaccciiillliiitttaaattteee sssccciiieeennnccceee uuuppptttaaakkkeee

GGGoooaaalll 333 OOObbbjjjeeeccctttiiivvveeesss:::

111... TTTooo eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeee ttthhheee iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff sssccchhheeemmmeeesss sssuuuccchhh aaasss EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk

222... TTTooo ppprrrooommmooottteee ttthhheee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd uuutttiiillliiisssaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt sssyyysssttteeemmmsss

333... TTTooo ppprrrooommmooottteee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee tttwwwooo---wwwaaayyy cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaatttiiiooonnn iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd pppooollliiicccyyy wwwiiittthhhiiinnn !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, sssooo ttthhhaaattt sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiisssiiiooonnn rrreeemmmaaaiiinnn ooorrriiieeennntttaaattteeeddd tttooowwwaaarrrdddsss pppooollliiicccyyy aaannnddd uuuppptttaaakkkeee ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss

444... TTTooo uuussseee ttthhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy tttooo aaadddvvviiissseee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo ttthhhiiinnnkkk aaabbbooouuuttt eeennnddd uuussseee bbbeeefffooorrreee dddeeefffiiinnniiinnnggg ppprrroooddduuucccttt iiinnn ttthhheee cccooonnntttrrraaacccttt... NNNeeeeeeddd tttooo cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrr wwwhhhaaattt ttthhheee uuunnndddeeerrrlllyyyiiinnnggg pppuuurrrpppooossseee aaannnddd vvvaaallluuueee ooofff aaannnyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeeaaallllllyyy mmmeeeaaannnsss

555... TTTooo iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ccceeennntttrrraaalll gggooovvvttt fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg ooonnn aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee ooouuutttpppuuuttt

666... TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee !SSS&&&TTT ooouuutttpppuuuttt

777... TTTooo cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrr aaa cccooonnntttiiinnnuuuuuummm mmmooodddeeelll tttooo wwwooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh sssccciiieeennntttiiissstttsss

888... TTTooo aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee tttooo cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss ttthhhaaattt sssccciiieeennnccceee kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee iiisss vvvaaallluuuaaabbbllleee

999... TTTooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp nnneeewww mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmmsss tttooo aaattttttrrraaacccttt ccceeennntttrrraaalll gggooovvvttt fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg fffooorrr kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn

111000... TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr tttrrraaannnssspppaaarrreeennncccyyy aaannnddd eeexxxccchhhaaannngggeee aaasss tttooo wwwhhhooo iiisss dddoooiiinnnggg wwwhhhaaattt ––– eee...ggg...,,, bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss eeetttccc

GGGoooaaalll 444... TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee aaannn ooonnngggoooiiinnnggg RRR!&&&TTT ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss


111... TTTooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss tttooo rrreeevvviiieeewww,,, rrreeefffiiinnneee,,, aaannnddd uuupppdddaaattteee ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy

222... TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee ttthhheee nnneeeccceeessssssaaarrryyy rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss iiifff sssuuucccccceeessssssfffuuulll

333... TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa gggooovvveeerrrnnnaaannnccceee mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmm tttooo ooovvveeerrrssseeeeee ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss

55.. RRoolleess aanndd RReessppoonnssiibbiilliittiieess

TTThhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp (((SSSAAAGGG))) hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhheeeddd aaannnddd eeennndddooorrrssseeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee CCCEEEOOO FFFooorrruuummm tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa gggooovvveeerrrnnnaaannnccceee fffuuunnnccctttiiiooonnn tttooo ttthhheee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd ooonnngggoooiiinnnggg iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy... AAA SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy CCCoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaatttooorrr iiisss cccooonnntttrrraaacccttteeeddd ooonnn aaa pppaaarrrttt---tttiiimmmeee bbbaaasssiiisss tttooo cccoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaattteee ttthhheee iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy aaannnddd rrreeepppooorrrtttsss tttooo ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp... TTThhheee !eeesssooouuurrrccceee MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss GGGrrrooouuuppp (((!MMMGGG))) aaannnddd BBBiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss’’’ GGGrrrooouuuppp (((BBBMMMGGG))) ooovvveeerrrssseeeeee ttthhheee SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss (((SSSIIIGGGsss))),,, wwwhhhooo iiinnn tttuuurrrnnn aaarrreee rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbllleee fffooorrr dddeeevvveeelllooopppiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss fffooorrr ttthhheeeiiirrr aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff eeexxxpppeeerrrtttiiissseee...


111333

66.. RReesseeaarrcchh PPrriioorriittiissaattiioonn

GGGoooaaalll 111 ooofff ttthhheee !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiisss tttooo “““ppprrrooovvviiidddeee tttiiimmmeeelllyyy,,, aaauuuttthhhooorrriiitttaaatttiiivvveee aaannnddd rrreeessspppeeecccttteeeddd dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn tttooo sssccciiieeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg”””... TTTooo mmmeeeeeettt ttthhhiiisss gggoooaaalll !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaarrreee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo hhhaaavvveee aaa gggooooooddd uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennntttsss,,, bbbooottthhh ssshhhooorrrttt aaannnddd lllooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm... AAA ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy ssseeettttttiiinnnggg ppprrroooccceeessssss fffooollllllooowwwsss (((FFFiiiggguuurrreee 222)))...

FFFiiiggguuurrreee 222... RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiisssaaatttiiiooonnn ppprrroooccceeessssss ––– 333---yyyeeeaaarrr cccyyycccllleee

TTThhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll SSSIIIGGGsss wwwiiillllll cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo ppplllaaayyy aaa mmmaaajjjooorrr rrrooollleee iiinnn ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy ssseeettttttiiinnnggg aaasss ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee eeexxxpppooossseeeddd tttooo ttthhheee lllaaattteeesssttt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnn ttthhheeeiiirrr aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff eeexxxpppeeerrrtttiiissseee aaannnddd uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd wwwhhhaaattt iiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd,,, eeessspppeeeccciiiaaallllllyyy iiinnn ttthhheee ssshhhooorrrttteeerrr---ttteeerrrmmm... AAAttt ttthhheee “““SSSIIIGGG mmmeeeeeetttiiinnnggg tttooo rrreeevvviiieeewww rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss””” iiittt wwwiiillllll bbbeee nnneeeccceeessssssaaarrryyy fffooorrr ttthhheee SSSIIIGGGsss tttooo ttthhhiiinnnkkk lllooonnngggeeerrr---ttteeerrrmmm iiinnn ooorrrdddeeerrr tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy ttthhhooossseee aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff ttthhheee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt ttthhhaaattt wwwiiillllll nnneeeeeeddd gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg 111000,,, 222000 aaannnddd eeevvveeennn 333000 yyyeeeaaarrrsss iiinnn aaadddvvvaaannnccceee... IIIttt iiisss aaannntttiiiccciiipppaaattteeeddd ttthhhaaattt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss wwwiiillllll hhhaaavvveee sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt iiinnnpppuuuttt aaattt ttthhheeessseee rrreeevvviiieeewww mmmeeeeeetttiiinnngggsss,,, bbbuuuttt iiittt wwwiiillllll bbbeee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll ssstttaaaffffff ttthhhaaattt bbbeeesssttt uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd fffuuutttuuurrreee cccooouuunnnccciiilll rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennntttsss...

SSSIIIGGG rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteeeddd bbbooottthhh tttooo iiinnnttteeerrrnnnaaalll aaannnddd eeexxxttteeerrrnnnaaalll aaauuudddiiieeennnccceeesss::: pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy MMMSSSIII aaannnddd iiitttsss AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy PPPaaannneeelllsss,,, bbbuuuttt aaalllsssooo tttooo kkkeeeyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss tttooo aaassssssiiisssttt ttthhheeemmm wwwiiittthhh ttthhheeeiiirrr ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg ppprrroooccceeessssss... SSSIIIGGG rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee dddooocccuuummmeeennnttteeeddd aaannnddd fffeeeddd iiinnn tttooo ttthhheee “““CCCrrriiitttiiicccaaalll IIIssssssuuueeesss aaannnddd !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh NNNeeeeeedddsss””” wwwooorrrkkkssshhhoooppp... TTThhhiiisss ppprrrooovvviiidddeeesss aaannn oooppppppooorrrtttuuunnniiitttyyy fffooorrr ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp aaannnddd ttthhheee !eeesssooouuurrrccceee MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss GGGrrrooouuuppp tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaannn ooovvveeerrrvvviiieeewww ooofff aaallllll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd tttooo ppprrreeepppaaarrreee aaa hhhiiiggghhh llleeevvveeelll mmmeeessssssaaagggeee tttooo ppprrreeessseeennnttt tttooo kkkeeeyyy gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt dddeeepppaaarrrtttmmmeeennntttsss,,, pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy MMMSSSIII,,, MMMfffEEE aaannnddd MMMAAAFFF... TTThhhiiisss eeexxxeeerrrccciiissseee wwwaaasss cccooonnnddduuucccttteeeddd fffooorrr ttthhheee fffiiirrrsssttt tttiiimmmeee iiinnn JJJuuunnneee///JJJuuulllyyy 222000000888 aaannnddd hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn rrreeepppeeeaaattteeeddd aaagggaaaiiinnn iiinnn NNNooovvveeemmmbbbeeerrr 222000111000... SSSIIIGGG cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss aaarrreee cccooonnntttaaaiiinnneeeddd iiinnn aaa ssseeepppaaarrraaattteee dddooocccuuummmeeennnttt


111444

77.. IImmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn

KKKeeeyyy tttooo ttthhheee sssuuucccccceeessssss ooofff ttthhheee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy iiisss eeennnsssuuurrriiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg ppprrroooccceeessssss iiisss mmmaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnneeeddd... AAA ttthhhrrreeeeee---yyyeeeaaarrr rrrooolllllliiinnnggg ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg cccyyycccllleee iiisss fffooollllllooowwweeeddd iiinnn llliiinnneee wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee ttthhhrrreeeeee---yyyeeeaaarrr cccyyycccllliiiccc rrreeevvviiieeewww ppprrroooccceeessssss fffooorrr LLLooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm PPPlllaaannnsss (((fffooorrrmmmeeerrrlllyyy LLLooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm CCCooouuunnnccciiilll CCCooommmmmmuuunnniiitttyyyPPPlllaaannnsss))),,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss fffooorrr dddeeevvveeelllooopppiiinnnggg aaannn AAAnnnnnnuuuaaalll OOOpppeeerrraaatttiiinnnggg PPPlllaaannn (((AAAOOOPPP))) (((FFFiiiggguuurrreee 333)))...

TTThhheee AAAOOOPPP wwwiiillllll bbbeee fffooollllllooowwweeeddd tttooo dddrrriiivvveee ttthhheee iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy... TTThhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy CCCoooooorrrdddiiinnnaaatttooorrr (((SSSCCC))),,, uuunnndddeeerrr ttthhheee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, wwwiiillllll bbbeee rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbllleee fffooorrr ttthhheee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt ooofff ttthhheee AAAOOOPPP aaannnddd iiitttsss iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn... TTThhheee SSSCCC wwwiiillllll rrreeepppooorrrttt tttooo ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp (((aaannnddd !MMMGGG aaannnddd BBBMMMGGG))) ooonnn aaa rrreeeggguuulllaaarrr bbbaaasssiiisss... TTThhheee AAAOOOPPP wwwiiillllll iiinnncccllluuudddeee mmmiiillleeessstttooonnneeesss (((uuupppdddaaattteeeddd aaannnnnnuuuaaallllllyyy))),,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh wwwiiillllll bbbeee mmmooonnniiitttooorrreeeddd aaasss aaa mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreee ooofff iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn sssuuucccccceeessssss... TTThhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp iiinnn tttuuurrrnnn rrreeepppooorrrtttsss tttooo ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss’’’ CCChhhiiieeefff EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveeesss’’’ GGGrrrooouuuppp...

AAAsss pppaaarrrttt ooofff aaa ttthhhrrreeeeee---yyyeeeaaarrr cccyyycccllleee,,, eeeaaaccchhh SSSIIIGGG rrreeevvviiieeewwwsss cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee,,, iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeesss gggaaapppsss,,, aaannnddd hhhooollldddsss aaa wwwooorrrkkkssshhhoooppp tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy fffuuutttuuurrreee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss fffooorrr ttthhheeeiiirrr aaarrreeeaaa ooofff iiinnnttteeerrreeesssttt... TTThhhiiisss iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn wwwiiillllll bbbeee cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteeeddd tttooo bbbooottthhh eeexxxttteeerrrnnnaaalll pppaaarrrtttiiieeesss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg MMMSSSIII,,, CCC!III’’’sss,,, uuunnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttiiieeesss,,, aaannnddd aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt dddeeepppaaarrrtttmmmeeennntttsss,,, aaannnddd wwwiiillllll aaalllsssooo bbbeee fffeeeddd iiinnntttooo ttthhheee SSSAAAGGG///!MMMGGG///BBBMMMGGG ppprrroooccceeessssss fffooorrr dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnniiinnnggg hhhiiiggghhheeerrr---llleeevvveeelll ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss...

AAAsss ssshhhooowwwnnn iiinnn ttthhheee ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg cccyyycccllleee (((FFFiiiggguuurrreee 222))) aaa “““CCCrrriiitttiiicccaaalll IIIssssssuuueeesss aaannnddd !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh NNNeeeeeedddsss””” wwwooorrrkkkssshhhoooppp wwwiiillllll bbbeee hhheeelllddd eeevvveeerrryyy ttthhhrrreeeeee yyyeeeaaarrrsss tttooo rrreeevvviiieeewww ttthhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt sssiiitttuuuaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd lllooooookkk aaahhheeeaaaddd tttooo fffuuutttuuurrreee nnneeeeeedddsss... TTThhheee FFFuuutttuuurrreeesss WWWooorrrkkkssshhhoooppp hhheeelllddd iiinnn NNNooovvveeemmmbbbeeerrr 222000111000 ppprrrooovvviiidddeeeddd ttthhhiiisss pppeeerrrssspppeeeccctttiiivvveee aaannnddd aaannn uuupppdddaaattteee ooofff cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss...

IIIttt iiisss aaalllsssooo iiinnnttteeennndddeeeddd ttthhhaaattt SSSIIIGGGsss wwwiiillllll wwwooorrrkkk ccclllooossseeelllyyy wwwiiittthhh kkkeeeyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh tttooopppiiicccaaalllwwwooorrrkkkssshhhooopppsss ooorrr cccooonnnfffeeerrreeennnccceeesss hhheeelllddd ooonnn aaa ttthhhrrreeeeee---yyyeeeaaarrr rrrooolllllliiinnnggg cccyyycccllleee... WWWhhhaaattt ttthhhiiisss mmmeeeaaannnsss iiisss ttthhhaaattt NNNIIIWWWAAA,,, fffooorrr eeexxxaaammmpppllleee,,, mmmiiiggghhhttt pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrr wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss ooonnnccceee eeevvveeerrryyy ttthhhrrreeeeee yyyeeeaaarrrsss tttooo hhhooolllddd aaa wwwooorrrkkkssshhhoooppp ooorrr cccooonnnfffeeerrreeennnccceee ooonnn aaa pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt tttooopppiiiccc...


111555

FFFiiiggguuurrreee 333... RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll RRR!&&&TTT !tttrrraaattteeegggyyy PPPlllaaannnnnniiinnnggg CCCyyycccllleee

EEEnnnsssuuurrriiinnnggg aaannn OOOnnngggoooiiinnnggg RRR!&&&TTT !tttrrraaattteeegggyyy PPPrrroooccceeessssss

TTThhheee ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg cccyyycccllleee iiisss ssshhhooowwwnnn iiinnn FFFiiiggguuurrreee 333 bbbeeelllooowww:::

RRRooolllllliiinnnggg TTTrrriiieeennnnnniiiaaalll

TTTrrriiieeennnnnniiiaaalll

RRRooolllllliiinnnggg TTTrrriiieeennnnnniiiaaalll

FFFuuutttuuurrreeesss WWWooorrrkkkssshhhoooppp UUUpppdddaaattteee !tttrrraaattteeegggyyy

RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh PPPrrrooovvviiidddeeerrr

+++ RRRCCC WWWooorrrkkkssshhhooopppCCCooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteee RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh

!IIIGGG RRReeesss PPPrrriiiooorrriiitttyyy WWW///!

CCCrrriiitttiiicccaaalll IIIssssssuuueeesss WWW///!

!AAAGGG &&& RRRMMMGGG FFFooorrruuummm

CCCEEEOOO FFFooorrruuummm

!IIIGGG RRReeesss RRReeevvviiieeewww IIIDDD kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee gggaaapppsss

PPPrrriiiooorrriiitttiiissseee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh

AAAnnnnnnuuuaaalll AAAOOOPPP RRReeevvviiieeewww NNNeeewww mmmiiillleeessstttooonnneeesss

TTTrrriiieeennnnnniiiaaalll

IIIDDD RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh NNNeeeeeedddsss

CCCooonnnfffiiirrrmmm PPPrrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss

!iiigggnnnoooffffff

88.. SSttrraatteeggiicc PPrriioorriittiieess

!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll ssstttaaaffffff,,, pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh ttthhheee SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss,,, hhhaaavvveee iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff kkkeeeyyy ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss ttthhhaaattt nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee aaaccchhhiiieeevvveeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss... TTThhheeessseee aaarrreee:::

(((111))) PPPrrrooovvviiidddeee RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh LLLeeeaaadddeeerrrssshhhiiippp

DDDeeevvveeellloooppp kkkeeeyyy mmmeeessssssaaagggeeesss aaannnddd ppprrreeessseeennnttt ttthhheeessseee tttooo ttthhheee MMMSSSIII MMMiiinnniiisssttteeerrr aaannnddd CCCEEEOOO iiinnn WWWeeelllllliiinnngggtttooonnn... TTThhhiiisss iiisss ssspppeeeccciiifffiiicccaaallllllyyy tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt kkkeeeyyy gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt dddeeepppaaarrrtttmmmeeennntttsss rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseee ttthhhaaattt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaarrreee ssseeerrriiiooouuusss aaabbbooouuuttt tttaaakkkiiinnnggg aaa mmmuuuccchhh gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr rrrooollleee iiinnn dddiiirrreeeccctttiiinnnggg eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd wwwiiillllll eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt rrreeesssuuullltttsss aaarrreee iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttteeeddd fffooorrr ttthhheee bbbeeennneeefffiiittt ooofff NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd...

IIIttt iiisss aaalllsssooo iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt ttthhhaaattt aaa sssiiimmmiiilllaaarrr mmmeeessssssaaagggeee iiisss dddeeellliiivvveeerrreeeddd tttooo kkkeeeyyy eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeeyyy rrreeeaaallliiissseee ttthhhaaattt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss wwwaaannnttt tttooo hhhaaavvveee aaa ccclllooossseeerrr pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrrssshhhiiippp wwwiiittthhh ttthhheeemmm iiinnn dddeeevvveeelllooopppiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss,,, ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeesss ooofff wwwooorrrkkk,,, aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn pppaaattthhhwwwaaayyysss...

(((222))) TTTaaakkkeee AAAccctttiiiooonnn

PPPrrreeepppaaarrreee ttthhheee AAAnnnnnnuuuaaalll OOOpppeeerrraaatttiiinnnggg PPPlllaaannn eeeaaaccchhh yyyeeeaaarrr aaannnddd dddeeellliiivvveeerrr ooonnn mmmiiillleeessstttooonnneeesss... DDDeeellliiivvveeerrriiinnnggg ttthhheee mmmiiillleeessstttooonnneeesss iiinnn ttthhheee AAAOOOPPP iiisss ssseeeeeennn aaasss kkkeeeyyy tttooo iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttiiinnnggg ttthhheee !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy... AAAnnnnnnuuuaaalllmmmiiillleeessstttooonnneeesss hhhaaavvveee tttooo bbbeee rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt aaannnddd rrreeeaaallliiissstttiiiccc,,, aaannnddd rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee cccooommmmmmiiitttmmmeeennnttt aaattt aaallllll llleeevvveeelllsss wwwiiittthhhiiinnn !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss... IIIttt iiisss aaalllsssooo iiinnnttteeennndddeeeddd tttooo wwwooorrrkkk ccclllooossseeelllyyy wwwiiittthhh MMMSSSIII tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhhaaattt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaarrreee ssspppeeeccciiifffiiicccaaallllllyyy rrreeefffeeerrrrrreeeddd tttooo iiinnn ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc dddooocccuuummmeeennntttsss aaasss bbbeeeiiinnnggg kkkeeeyyy “““pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrrsss””” iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn...

(((333))) PPPrrriiiooorrriiitttiiissseee RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh NNNeeeeeedddsss

DDDeeevvveeellloooppp aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttt aaa rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiisssaaatttiiiooonnn ppprrroooccceeessssss wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss... TTThhheee SSSIIIGGGsss aaarrreee kkkeeeyyy tttooo ttthhheee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaarrreeeaaa ssspppeeeccciiifffiiiccc ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss... TTThhheeessseee nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee cccooollllllaaattteeeddd,,, ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiissseeeddd aaannnddd cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteeeddd tttooo kkkeeeyyy gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt dddeeepppaaarrrtttmmmeeennntttsss... SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuuppp cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss aaarrreee cccooonnntttaaaiiinnneeeddd iiinnn aaa ssseeepppaaarrraaattteee dddooocccuuummmeeennnttt...

(((444))) DDDeeevvveeellloooppp PPPaaarrrtttnnneeerrrssshhhiiipppsss

IIIdddeeennntttiiifffyyy iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt !SSS&&&TTT pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrrsss aaannnddd wwwooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh ttthhheeemmm tttooo hhheeelllppp dddeeevvveeellloooppp rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy nnneeeeeedddsss... TTThhheeerrreee aaarrreee aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff kkkeeeyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee mmmooosssttt rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffooorrr !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo aaassssssiiisssttt wwwiiittthhh sssccciiieeennnccceee---bbbaaassseeeddd dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg aaannnddd tttooo dddeeellliiivvveeerrr eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll bbbeeennneeefffiiittt...

(((555))) IIImmmppprrrooovvveee ttthhheee FFFuuunnndddiiinnnggg PPPrrrooofffiiillleee

DDDeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnneee hhhooowww GGGooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll fffuuunnndddsss aaarrreee cccuuurrrrrreeennntttlllyyy aaallllllooocccaaattteeeddd aaannnddd hhhooowww ttthhhiiisss mmmiiiggghhhttt bbbeee iiimmmppprrrooovvveeeddd tttooo dddeeellliiivvveeerrr gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr bbbeeennneeefffiiittt tttooo NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd... IIInnn pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrr,,, uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg hhhooowww eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg iiisss ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiissseeeddd aaattt ttthhheee hhhiiiggghhheeesssttt llleeevvveeelll aaannnddd eeennnsssuuurrriiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy cccaaannn iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ttthhhiiisss dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg...

111777

(((666))) MMMaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnn fffooocccuuusss ooonnn sssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss tttooo cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt aaannnddd iiimmmmmmiiinnneeennnttt rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss

!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss fffaaaccceee eeevvveeerrr---iiinnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggg ppprrreeessssssuuurrreee tttooo fffiiinnnddd sssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss tttooo iiinnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggglllyyy cccooommmpppllleeexxx rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt iiissssssuuueeesss ttthhhaaattt aaarrriiissseee fffrrrooommm ttthhheee rrreeeaaallliiitttiiieeesss ooofff eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc dddrrriiivvveeerrrsss vvvsss eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll cccooonnnssstttrrraaaiiinnntttsss... !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaarrreee aaawwwaaarrreee ttthhhaaattt wwwhhhaaattt iiisss iiinnnvvveeesssttteeeddd iiinnn ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc sssccciiieeennnccceee iiisss iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt,,, yyyeeettt ttthhheeeyyy aaarrreee aaalllsssooo aaawwwaaarrreee ttthhhaaattt ttthhheeerrreee iiisss aaa nnneeeeeeddd tttooo iiinnnvvveeesssttt iiinnn cccrrreeeaaatttiiinnnggg cccooommmmmmeeerrrccciiiaaalll aaannnddd ooopppeeerrraaatttiiiooonnnaaalll ttteeeccchhhnnniiicccaaalll sssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss tttooo ttthhheee ooobbbssseeerrrvvveeeddd ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss... !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh mmmuuusssttt ppprrrooovvviiidddeee uuussseeeaaabbbllleee ooouuutttcccooommmeeesss aaannnddd aaappppppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss iiifff iiittt iiisss tttooo ppprrrooommmooottteee cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttyyy wwweeellllllbbbeeeiiinnngggsss... PPPrrroooffffffeeerrreeeddd sssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss mmmuuusssttt aaalllwwwaaayyysss bbbeee vvvaaallliiidddaaattteeeddd aaannnddd sssuuuppppppooorrrttteeeddd bbbyyy rrrooobbbuuusssttt sssccciiieeennnccceee,,, bbbuuuttt eeeqqquuuaaallllllyyy,,, ttthhheee sssccciiieeennnccceee mmmuuusssttt bbbeee tttaaarrrgggeeettteeeddd aaattt ppprrrooovvviiidddiiinnnggg uuuppptttaaakkkeee aaannnddd aaappppppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnn ttthhhaaattt uuunnndddeeerrrgggiiirrrdddsss aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccceeesss rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt,,, ttthhhuuusss oooffffffeeerrriiinnnggg vvvaaallluuueee tttooo '''NNNZZZ IIInnnccc'''...

99.. CCuurrrreenntt HHiigghh LLeevveell RReesseeaarrcchh PPrriioorriittiieess``

IIInnn ttthhheee tttwwwooo yyyeeeaaarrrsss sssiiinnnccceee ttthhheee CCCEEEOOO FFFooorrruuummm aaapppppprrrooovvveeeddd ttthhheee lllaaasssttt !SSS&&&TTT SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy ttthhheee lllaaannndddssscccaaapppeee hhhaaasss ccchhhaaannngggeeeddd aaannnddd ttthhheeerrreee iiisss mmmuuuccchhh gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr fffooocccuuusss ooonnn uuusssiiinnnggg sssccciiieeennnccceee tttooo iiimmmppprrrooovvveee ttthhheee eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee ooofff ttthhheee cccooouuunnntttrrryyy aaannnddd eeennnsssuuurrriiinnnggg gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr eeeffffffiiiccciiieeennnccciiieeesss iiinnn ttthhheee eeennntttiiirrreee sssccciiieeennnccceee sssyyysssttteeemmm... IIInnn pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrr ttthhheeerrreee iiisss aaa ssstttrrrooonnnggg fffooocccuuusss ooonnn dddeeellliiivvveeerrriiinnnggg eeennnddduuurrriiinnnggg eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc gggrrrooowwwttthhh fffrrrooommm NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd’’’sss nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss... MMMSSSIII wwwiiillllll iiinnnvvveeesssttt iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy aaannnddd qqquuuaaannntttiiifffyyy ttthhheee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll iiimmmpppaaaccctttsss ooofff kkkeeeyyy eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaaccctttiiivvviiitttiiieeesss;;;;; vvvaaallluuueee nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss;;;;; iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy eeecccooolllooogggiiicccaaalll llliiimmmiiitttsss;;;;; aaannnddd eeennnaaabbbllleee eeecccooo---ccceeerrrtttiiifffiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff NNNZZZ ppprrroooddduuuccctttsss...

MMMSSSIII hhhaaasss iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd ttthhheee kkkeeeyyy ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss ttthhheeeyyy fffaaaccceee tttooo dddeeellliiivvveeerrr gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr bbbeeennneeefffiiittt fffrrrooommm eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll sssccciiieeennnccceee (((ssseeeeee ssseeeccctttiiiooonnn 333...111 fffooorrr dddeeetttaaaiiilll)))... TTThhheeessseee aaarrreee:::

BBBeeetttttteeerrr cccooonnnnnneeeccctttiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo uuussseeerrrsssGGGrrreeeaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh llliiinnnkkkaaagggeeesss tttooo pppooollliiicccyyyGGGrrreeeaaattteeerrr ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc aaallliiigggnnnmmmeeennntttGGGrrreeeaaattteeerrr iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff llliiimmmiiitttsss ooofff aaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ccchhhaaannngggeeeMMMooorrreee iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd aaannnddd cccrrrooossssss---dddiiisssccciiipppllliiinnnaaarrryyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh

MMMSSSIII iiisss cccllleeeaaarrrlllyyy sssiiigggnnnaaalllllliiinnnggg aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff kkkeeeyyy ccchhhaaannngggeeesss iiinnn ttthhheee wwwaaayyy sssccciiieeennnccceee ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaarrreee tttooo bbbeee iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd aaannnddd fffuuunnndddeeeddd... TTThhheeerrreee iiisss nnnooowww aaannn eeevvveeennn bbbeeetttttteeerrr oooppppppooorrrtttuuunnniiitttyyy fffooorrr !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee kkkeeeyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss ttthhhaaannn ttthhheeerrreee hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn iiinnn ttthhheee pppaaasssttt tttwwwooo yyyeeeaaarrrsss... HHHooowwweeevvveeerrr,,, ttthhhiiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeesss hhhaaavvviiinnnggg aaannn aaagggrrreeeeeeddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy wwwiiittthhh aaagggrrreeeeeeddd kkkeeeyyy ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss... IIInnn llliiinnneee wwwiiittthhh ttthhheeessseee ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeeesss,,, aaannnddd iiinnn cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrraaatttiiiooonnn ooofff cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeedddsss iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss CCCEEEOOOSSS fffooollllllooowwwiiinnnggg ppprrreeepppaaarrraaatttooorrryyy wwwooorrrkkk bbbyyy SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss aaannnddd ttthhheee SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy GGGrrrooouuuppp,,, ttthhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt hhhiiiggghhh---llleeevvveeelll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss fffooorrr !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaarrreee:::

111... PPPooollliiicccyyy EEEffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeennneeessssss

TTThhheeerrreee iiisss aaa nnneeeeeeddd fffooorrr bbbeeetttttteeerrr aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhheeesss fffooorrr aaasssssseeessssssiiinnnggg ttthhheee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeennneeessssss ooofff pppooollliiicccyyy,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg aaa tttoooooolll ttthhhaaattt cccaaannn mmmooodddeeelll ttthhheee llliiikkkeeelllyyy iiimmmpppaaacccttt ooofff pppooollliiicccyyy oooppptttiiiooonnnsss iiinnn ttteeerrrmmmsss ooofff cccooosssttt---eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeennneeessssss aaannnddd eeeffffffiiiccciiieeennncccyyy... TTThhheee oooppppppooorrrtttuuunnniiitttyyy iiisss tttooo uuunnndddeeerrrtttaaakkkeee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiinnntttooo ttthhheee ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggiiinnnggg aaarrreeeaaa ooofff aaasssssseeessssssiiinnnggg ttthhheee eeeffffffiiicccaaacccyyy ooofff dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnttt pppooollliiicccyyy aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhheeesss,,, mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeeddd aaagggaaaiiinnnsssttt aaa pppooottteeennntttiiiaaallllllyyy lllaaarrrgggeee aaarrrrrraaayyy ooofff cccrrriiittteeerrriiiaaa... SSSuuuccchhh rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh wwwooouuulllddd nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd wwwiiittthhh SSStttaaattteee ooofff ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt MMMooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg aaannnddd LLLooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm PPPlllaaannn mmmooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg...

111888

222... FFFrrreeessshhhwwwaaattteeerrr

WWWaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh wwwiiillllll rrreeemmmaaaiiinnn aaa hhhiiiggghhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy fffooorrr cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaasss ppprrreeessssssuuurrreee ooonnn rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueeesss tttooo gggrrrooowww... HHHooowwweeevvveeerrr,,, ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh qqquuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss aaarrreee bbbeeecccooommmiiinnnggg mmmooorrreee cccooommmpppllleeexxx aaannnddd ttthhheee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennnttt iiisss fffooorrr bbbooottthhh tttoooooolllsss tttooo hhheeelllppp mmmaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy,,, iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttt aaannnddd eeevvvaaallluuuaaattteee ppprrreeefffeeerrraaabbbllleee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt oooppptttiiiooonnnsss,,, bbbuuuttt aaalllsssooo rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh tttooo dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnneee hhhooowww tttooo eeeffffffeeecccttt sssoooccciiieeetttaaalll bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooouuurrraaalll ccchhhaaannngggeeesss... FFFooorrr mmmaaannnyyy iiissssssuuueeesss ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh hhhaaasss bbbeeeeeennn dddooonnneee aaannnddd ttthhheee aaannnssswwweeerrrsss aaarrreee kkknnnooowwwnnn,,, aaannnddd nnnooowww ttthhheee rrreeesssuuullltttsss nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee cccaaarrrrrriiieeeddd ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh iiinnntttooo eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee pppooollliiicccyyy... !eeelllaaattteeeddd tttooo ttthhhiiisss ttthhheeerrreee iiisss aaalllsssooo aaa ppprrreeessssssiiinnnggg nnneeeeeeddd,,, fffooorrr wwwaaattteeerrr aaannnddd fffooorrr ooottthhheeerrr rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaasss wwweeellllll,,, tttooo rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeewww mmmeeettthhhooodddooolllooogggiiieeesss tttooo eeennnaaabbbllleee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo ppplllaaaccceee fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll aaannnddd nnnooonnn---fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss ooonnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee ssseeerrrvvviiiccceeesss (((ssseeeeee !eeesssooouuurrrccceee VVVaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn)))... FFFooorrr aaallllll wwwaaattteeerrr rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss –––sssuuurrrfffaaaccceee,,, gggrrrooouuunnndddwwwaaattteeerrr,,, eeessstttuuuaaarrriiinnneee,,, aaannnddd cccoooaaassstttaaalll eeecccooosssyyysssttteeemmmsss,,, ttthhheeerrreee iiisss aaa nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeeetttttteeerrr uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd ttthhheee cccuuummmuuulllaaatttiiivvveee iiimmmpppaaaccctttsss ooofff aaaccctttiiivvviiitttiiieeesss ooonnn wwwaaattteeerrr qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy... TTThhhiiisss rrreeelllaaattteeesss dddiiirrreeeccctttlllyyy tttooo MMMSSSIII’’’sss tttaaarrrgggeeettt tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy eeecccooolllooogggiiicccaaalll llliiimmmiiitttsss... MMMeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmmsss aaavvvaaaiiilllaaabbbllleee tttooo aaaddddddrrreeessssss cccuuummmuuulllaaatttiiivvveee eeeffffffeeeccctttsss uuunnndddeeerrr ttthhheee !MMMAAA aaarrreee llliiimmmiiittteeeddd aaannnddd wwweee hhhaaavvveee ooonnnlllyyy llliiimmmiiittteeeddd sssccciiieeennntttiiifffiiiccc kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee ooofff hhhooowww ssstttrrreeessssssooorrrsss iiinnnttteeerrraaacccttt aaannnddd hhhooowww eeecccooosssyyysssttteeemmmsss rrreeessspppooonnnddd tttooo mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee ssstttrrreeessssssooorrr eeexxxpppooosssuuurrreeesss ooorrr tttooo aaalllttteeerrrnnnaaatttiiivvveee mmmiiitttiiigggaaatttiiiooonnn ooorrr rrreeemmmeeedddiiiaaatttiiiooonnn iiinnnttteeerrrvvveeennntttiiiooonnnsss...

333... !oooiiilll

AAAsss fffooorrr wwwaaattteeerrr wwweee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp mmmeeettthhhooodddsss tttooo eeennnaaabbbllleee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseee aaannnddd ppplllaaaccceee fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll aaannnddd nnnooonnn---fffiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss ooonnn sssoooiiilll eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ssseeerrrvvviiiccceeesss ssseeerrrvvviiiccceeesss (((eee...ggg... hhheeeaaalllttthhh,,, ppprrroooddduuuccctttiiivvviiitttyyy,,, eeecccooolllooogggyyy,,, ssstttrrruuuccctttuuurrraaalll iiinnnttteeegggrrriiitttyyy,,, cccaaarrrbbbooonnn ssseeeqqquuueeessstttrrraaatttiiiooonnn))) fffooorrr dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnniiinnnggg tttrrraaadddeeeoooffffffsss tttooo ggguuuiiidddeee pppooollliiicccyyy fffooorrrmmmuuulllaaatttiiiooonnn... TTThhheeerrreee aaarrreee aaalllsssooo sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnttt nnneeeeeedddsss fffooorrr iiimmmppprrrooovvveeeddd sssoooiiilll aaannnddd lllaaannnddd uuussseee iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn,,, pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy iiifff NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd iiisss tttooo eeexxxtttrrraaacccttt gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr ppprrroooddduuuccctttiiivvviiitttyyy fffrrrooommm ooouuurrr nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss... SSSooommmeee sssoooiiilllsss hhhaaavvveee bbbeeecccooommmeee cccooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaattteeeddd bbbyyy hhheeeaaavvvyyy mmmeeetttaaalllsss aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrr cccooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaannntttsss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff cccooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaannnttt aaaccccccuuummmuuulllaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd mmmeeettthhhooodddsss tttooo rrreeeddduuuccceee ttthhheeessseee llleeevvveeelllsss... AAAlllsssooo wwwiiittthhh rrreeegggaaarrrddd tttooo dddiiiffffffuuussseee sssooouuurrrccceee pppooolllllluuutttiiiooonnn,,, wwwhhhiiillleee wwweee kkknnnooowww aaa cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrraaabbbllleee aaammmooouuunnnttt aaabbbooouuuttt ttthhheee iiimmmpppaaacccttt ooofff lllaaannnddd uuussseee ooonnn wwwaaattteeerrr qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy,,, wwweee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee mmmooorrreee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt tttooo uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd ttthhheee llliiinnnkkksss bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn fffaaarrrmmm ssscccaaallleee aaannnddd cccaaatttccchhhmmmeeennnttt ssscccaaallleee;;;;; cccuuummmuuulllaaatttiiivvveee eeeffffffeeeccctttsss;;;;; tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr pppaaattthhhwwwaaayyysss aaannnddd ttthhheee aaatttttteeennnuuuaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff nnnuuutttrrriiieeennntttsss aaannnddd cccooonnntttaaammmiiinnnaaannntttsss ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh sssoooiiilll aaannnddd vvvaaadddooossseee zzzooonnneee ppprrriiiooorrr tttooo eeemmmeeerrrgggeeennnccceee iiinnntttooo gggrrrooouuunnnddd aaannnddd sssuuurrrfffaaaccceee wwwaaattteeerrr...

444... RRReeesssooouuurrrccceee VVVaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn

TTThhheeerrreee iiisss aaa nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeeetttttteeerrr iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy tttrrraaadddeeeoooffffffsss aaannnddd wwweeeiiiggghhh uuuppp mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee vvvaaallluuueeesss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss... IIInnncccrrreeeaaasssiiinnnggglllyyy,,, eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt aaannnddd pppooollliiicccyyy dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee aaa ‘‘‘wwwhhhooollleee sssyyysssttteeemmmsss aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh’’’ bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd aaannnddd cccrrrooossssss---dddiiisssccciiipppllliiinnnaaarrryyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh... TTTaaakkkiiinnnggg aaa lllooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm aaannnddd iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh tttooo ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg aaannnddd dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn---mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg,,, wwwhhheeerrreee eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt iiisss cccooogggnnniiisssaaannnttt ooofff llliiimmmiiittteeeddd rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaannnddd ttthhheee wwweeellllllbbbeeeiiinnnggg ooofff ooouuurrr cccooommmmmmuuunnniiitttiiieeesss iiisss cccrrruuuccciiiaaalll fffooorrr NNNZZZ’’’sss fffuuutttuuurrreee... !eeeccceeennnttt eeemmmppphhhaaasssiiisss ooonnn ssspppaaatttiiiaaalll ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg (((AAAuuuccckkklllaaannnddd,,, ooottthhheeerrr cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss))) hhhiiiggghhhllliiiggghhhtttsss ttthhheee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnccceee ooofff llliiinnnkkkiiinnnggg dddaaatttaaa aaannnddd iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn fffrrrooommm vvvaaarrriiiooouuusss sssooouuurrrccceeesss aaacccrrrooossssss ccceeennntttrrraaalll///lllooocccaaalll gggooovvveeerrrnnnmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd llliiinnnkkkiiinnnggg eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc,,, sssoooccciiiaaalll///cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll aaannnddd eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee... VVVaaallluuuiiinnnggg nnnooonnn---mmmaaarrrkkkeeettt cccooonnntttrrriiibbbuuutttiiiooonnnsss tttooo wwweeellllllbbbeeeiiinnnggg aaannnddd uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooouuurrraaalll ccchhhaaannngggeee aaarrreee eeesssssseeennntttiiiaaalll tttooo aaaccchhhiiieeevvveee ttthhheee ooouuutttcccooommmeeesss ooouuurrr sssoooccciiieeetttyyy dddeeesssiiirrreeesss...

!eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss nnneeeeeedddeeeddd tttooo uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd aaannnddd vvvaaallluuueee ttthhheee eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaannnddd sssoooccciiiaaalll///cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll dddiiimmmeeennnsssiiiooonnnsss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg ttthhheee iiimmmpppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss ooofff mmmaaarrrkkkeeettt fffaaaiiillluuurrreee... TTThhhiiisss rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh wwwooouuulllddd hhhaaavvveee wwwiiidddeee aaappppppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnn aaacccrrrooossssss aaallllll nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaannnddd aaallllll rrreeegggiiiooonnnsss,,, bbbuuuttt cccuuurrrrrreeennntttlllyyy ttthhheee NNNZZZ ssskkkiiillllll bbbaaassseee iiisss vvveeerrryyy llliiimmmiiittteeeddd (((ssseeeeee lllaaattteeerrr uuunnndddeeerrr “““SSSccciiieeennnccceee CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy)))...

111999

555... HHHaaazzzaaarrrddd RRRiiissskkk AAAsssssseeessssssmmmeeennnttt

TTThhheeerrreee iiisss aaannn ooovvveeerrraaallllll nnneeeeeeddd fffooorrr bbbeeetttttteeerrr tttoooooolllsss tttooo aaassssssiiisssttt wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee aaannnaaalllyyysssiiisss ooofff,,, aaannnddd eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee rrreeessspppooonnnssseeesss tttooo,,, hhhaaazzzaaarrrdddsss aaannnddd cccooonnnssseeeqqquuueeennnttt sssoooccciiieeetttaaalll rrriiissskkksss... MMMooorrreee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh iiisss nnneeeeeedddeeeddd tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa mmmooorrreee rrrooobbbuuusssttt aaannnddd dddeeefffeeennnsssiiibbbllleee pppooosssiiitttiiiooonnn tttooo aaaddddddrrreeessssss hhhaaazzzaaarrrddd rrriiissskkk mmmooorrreee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy,,, aaannnddd tttooo gggiiivvveee dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn mmmaaakkkeeerrrsss cccooonnnfffiiidddeeennnccceee... TTThhheee kkkeeeyyy iiissssssuuueee iiisss rrriiissskkk mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt ––– hhhooowww tttooo dddeeeaaalll wwwiiittthhh rrriiissskkk,,, iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee rrriiissskkk rrreeeddduuuccctttiiiooonnn mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeesss aaannnddd bbbaaalllaaannnccciiinnnggg rrriiissskkk rrreeeddduuuccctttiiiooonnn wwwiiittthhh aaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee cccooosssttt... TTThhhiiisss iiinnncccllluuudddeeesss rrreeesssiiiddduuuaaalll rrriiissskkk,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh iiisss ssseeeeeennn aaasss aaa cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg iiissssssuuueee aaarrrooouuunnnddd qqquuueeessstttiiiooonnnsss ooofff wwwhhheeerrreee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt iiisss aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee iiinnn rrreeelllaaatttiiiooonnn tttooo ooouuurrr uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannndddiiinnnggg ooofff ttthhheee vvvaaarrriiiooouuusss rrriiissskkksss...

666... BBBiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy

TTThhheeerrreee aaarrreee aaa nnnuuummmbbbeeerrr ooofff bbbiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy iiissssssuuueeesss ttthhhaaattt nnneeeeeeddd gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg sssyyysssttteeemmmsss (((tttoooooolllsss aaannnddd mmmeeettthhhooodddooolllooogggiiieeesss))) tttooo mmmaaannnaaagggeee mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee pppeeessstttsss aaattt sssiiittteeesss aaannnddd aaacccrrrooossssss lllaaannndddssscccaaapppeeesss... HHHuuummmaaannneee aaannnddd cccooosssttt---eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee aaalllttteeerrrnnnaaatttiiivvveee tttoooxxxiiinnnsss aaarrreee nnneeeeeedddeeeddd tttooo rrreeeppplllaaaccceee 111000888000 aaannnddd bbbrrrooodddiiifffaaacccooouuummm,,, aaasss bbbooottthhh aaarrreee uuunnndddeeerrr ttthhhrrreeeaaattt aaasss pppeeesssttt cccooonnntttrrrooolll tttoooooolllsss... AAAddddddiiitttiiiooonnnaaallllllyyy,,, ttthhheeerrreee iiisss aaa rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeemmmeeennnttt fffooorrr cccooosssttt---eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee pppeeerrrfffooorrrmmmaaannnccceee mmmeeeaaasssuuurrreeemmmeeennnttt aaannnddd ooouuutttcccooommmeee mmmooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg tttoooooolllsss fffooorrr ppprrrooottteeeccctttiiinnnggg aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccciiinnnggg bbbiiiooodddiiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy vvvaaallluuueeesss ttthhhrrrooouuuggghhh ttthhheee aaappppppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff pppeeesssttt mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt...

!ccciiieeennnccceee CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy

BBBooottthhh MMMSSSIII aaannnddd !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss vvviiieeewww eeennnhhhaaannnccciiinnnggg cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy iiinnn aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff hhhiiiggghhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh nnneeeeeeddd aaasss vvveeerrryyy iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnttt... !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss pppaaarrrtttiiicccuuulllaaarrrlllyyy fffeeeeeelll ttthhhaaattt cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy nnneeeeeedddsss tttooo bbbeee iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseeeddd iiinnn “““sssoooiiilllsss””” aaannnddd iiinnn “““rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee eeevvvaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn””” ––– iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaannnddd sssoooccciiiaaalll rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ssskkkiiillllllsss...

!oooiiilllsss CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy

NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd’’’sss eeecccooonnnooommmyyy iiisss lllaaarrrgggeeelllyyy bbbaaassseeeddd ooonnn sssoooiiilllsss,,, aaannnddd aaannnyyy dddrrriiivvveee fffooorrr iiinnncccrrreeeaaassseeeddd eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc gggrrrooowwwttthhh fffrrrooommm ttthhheee ppprrriiimmmaaarrryyy ppprrroooddduuuccctttiiiooonnn ssseeeccctttooorrrsss mmmuuusssttt tttaaakkkeee aaa ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc vvviiieeewww ooofff ttthhhiiisss vvvaaallluuuaaabbbllleee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee... DDDeeessspppiiittteee ttthhheee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnccceee ooofff sssoooiiilll tttooo NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd,,, mmmaaannnyyy dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnnsss bbbeeeiiinnnggg mmmaaadddeee tttooodddaaayyy aaarrreee cccooossstttiiinnnggg uuusss mmmiiilllllliiiooonnn ooofff dddooollllllaaarrrsss iiinnn lllooosssttt oooppppppooorrrtttuuunnniiitttyyy aaannnddd aaarrreee rrraaapppiiidddlllyyy dddeeegggrrraaadddiiinnnggg ttthhheee oooppptttiiiooonnnsss fffooorrr fffuuutttuuurrreee gggeeennneeerrraaatttiiiooonnnsss... !eeeccceeennnttt “““sssoooiiilll ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy mmmeeeeeetttiiinnngggsss”””,,, hhhooosssttteeeddd bbbyyy LLLaaannndddcccaaarrreee !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh,,, iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd ttthhheee oooppppppooorrrtttuuunnniiitttyyy fffooorrr ‘‘‘sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbllleee iiinnnttteeennnsssiiifffiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn’’’,,, wwwhhhiiiccchhh sssiiimmmuuullltttaaannneeeooouuussslllyyy sssuuuppppppooorrrtttsss hhhiiiggghhheeerrr nnnaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll yyyiiieeellldddsss aaannnddd bbbeeetttttteeerrr eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ppprrrooottteeeccctttiiiooonnn... HHHooowwweeevvveeerrr,,, sssccciiieeennnccceee nnneeeeeedddsss tttooo lllooooookkk aaattt ttthhheee tttwwwooo pppiiillllllaaarrrsss ooofff (((aaa))) eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll iiinnnttteeegggrrriiitttyyy aaannnddd (((bbb))) ppprrroooddduuuccctttiiivvviiitttyyy aaannnddd eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc gggrrrooowwwttthhh ––– ooonnneee ooonnn iiitttsss ooowwwnnn iiisss uuunnnttteeennnaaabbbllleee... AAA lllaaarrrgggeee pppaaarrrttt ooofff ttthhheee ccchhhaaalllllleeennngggeee iiisss tttooo bbbuuuiiilllddd cccaaapppaaaccciiitttyyy aaarrrooouuunnnddd “““nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll sssyyysssttteeemmm nnneeetttwwwooorrrkkksss”””,,, wwwiiittthhh sssoooiiilllsss aaattt ttthhheee ccceeennntttrrreee ooofff ttthhheee pppiiiccctttuuurrreee... AAA ssstttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh iiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy eeexxxaaaccctttlllyyy wwwhhhaaattt iiisss nnneeeeeedddeeeddd aaannnddd wwwhhhaaattt aaaddddddiiitttiiiooonnnaaalll ssskkkiiillllll ssseeetttsss nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee dddeeevvveeelllooopppeeeddd...

RRReeesssooouuurrrccceee EEEvvvaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy

TTThhheeerrreee iiisss aaa ssskkkiiillllll gggaaappp iiinnn NNNeeewww ZZZeeeaaalllaaannnddd fffooorrr eeexxxpppeeerrrtttsss wwwhhhooo aaarrreee aaabbbllleee tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy tttrrraaadddeeeoooffffffsss aaannnddd wwweeeiiiggghhh ttthhheeessseee uuuppp aaagggaaaiiinnnsssttt ttthhheee mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee vvvaaallluuueeesss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss... UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy tttrrraaaiiinnniiinnnggg iiisss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo ppprrroooddduuuccceee gggrrraaaddduuuaaattteeesss wwwhhhooo cccaaannn uuunnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd aaannnddd vvvaaallluuueee ttthhheee eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaannnddd sssoooccciiiaaalll///cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll dddiiimmmeeennnsssiiiooonnnsss ooofff nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg ttthhheee iiimmmpppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss ooofff mmmaaarrrkkkeeettt fffaaaiiillluuurrreee... TTThhheeeyyy aaalllsssooo nnneeeeeeddd tttooo bbbeee aaabbbllleee tttooo iiinnncccllluuudddeee sssoooccciiiaaalll///cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll pppeeerrrssspppeeeccctttiiivvveeesss iiinnn rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ooonnn iiinnnttteeerrrvvveeennntttiiiooonnnsss,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ooonnn bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooouuurrraaalll ccchhhaaannngggeee,,, sssoooccciiiaaalll mmmaaarrrkkkeeetttiiinnnggg aaannnddd cccooonnnsssuuummmeeerrr bbbeeehhhaaavvviiiooouuurrr...TTTrrraaaiiinnniiinnnggg ssshhhooouuulllddd iiinnncccllluuudddeee mmmeeettthhhooodddooolllooogggiiieeesss aaannnddd pppaaarrrtttiiiccciiipppaaatttiiiooonnn ppprrroooccceeesssssseeesss fffooorrr bbbaaalllaaannnccciiinnnggg eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc,,, sssoooccciiiaaalll///cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll aaannnddd eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss (((eee...ggg... dddeeellliiibbbeeerrraaatttiiiooonnn,,, cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiivvveee gggooovvveeerrrnnnaaannnccceee,,, iiinnncccooorrrpppooorrraaatttiiiooonnn ooofff nnnooonnn---mmmaaarrrkkkeeettt fffaaaccctttooorrrsss sssuuuccchhh aaasss eeeffffffeeeccctttsss ooonnn eeecccooosssyyysssttteeemmm ssseeerrrvvviiiccceeesss,,,

222000

iiinnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd ssspppaaatttiiiaaalll mmmooodddeeelllsss aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrr dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn sssuuuppppppooorrrttt sssyyysssttteeemmmsss,,, fffuuullllll---cccooosssttt aaaccccccooouuunnntttiiinnnggg,,, GGGeeennnuuuiiinnneee PPPrrrooogggrrreeessssss IIInnndddeeexxx)))... GGGrrraaaddduuuaaattteeesss fffrrrooommm sssuuuccchhh ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeesss ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee aaabbbllleee tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy aaannnddd cccllleeeaaarrrlllyyy cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteee tttrrraaadddeee---oooffffffsss aaannnddd///ooorrr cccooommmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaarrriiitttiiieeesss bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaannnddd nnnooonnn---mmmaaarrrkkkeeettt vvvaaallluuueeesss;;;;; cccooonnntttrrriiibbbuuuttteee tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg llliiimmmiiitttsss ooorrr ttthhhrrreeessshhhooollldddsss ooofff aaacccccceeeppptttaaabbbllleee ccchhhaaannngggeee iiinnnfffooorrrmmmeeeddd bbbyyy sssoooccciiieeetttaaalll ooorrr cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss (((tttooo cccooommmpppllleeemmmeeennnttt iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnn aaabbbooouuuttt eeecccooolllooogggiiicccaaalll tttiiippppppiiinnnggg pppoooiiinnntttsss)));;;;; aaannnddd bbbeee iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd iiinnn ttthhheee eeevvvaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff ttthhheee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeennneeessssss ooofff cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt pppooollliiiccciiieeesss,,, ppprrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeeesss aaannnddd ppprrrooojjjeeeccctttsss uuusssiiinnnggg eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc aaannnddd sssoooccciiiaaalll sssccciiieeennnccceee mmmeeettthhhooodddsss...

!pppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss CCCrrriiitttiiicccaaalll IIIssssssuuueeesss aaannnddd RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh NNNeeeeeedddsss

AAA ssseeepppaaarrraaattteee dddooocccuuummmeeennnttt “““SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss CCCrrriiitttiiicccaaalll IIIssssssuuueeesss aaannnddd !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh NNNeeeeeedddsss””” hhhiiiggghhhllliiiggghhhtttsss ttthhhooossseee cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss iiidddeeennntttiiifffiiieeeddd bbbyyy ttthhheee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll SSSIIIGGGSSS... TTThhheeessseee aaarrreee ppprrriiimmmaaarrriiilllyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh---aaarrreeeaaa ssspppeeeccciiifffiiiccc ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss ttthhhaaattt iiinnndddiiicccaaattteee wwwhhheeerrreee ttthhheee ssspppeeeccciiifffiiiccc SSSIIIGGGsss ssseeeeee ttthhheee gggrrreeeaaattteeesssttt nnneeeeeeddd,,, ppprrriiimmmaaarrriiilllyyy iiinnn ttthhheee mmmeeedddiiiuuummm ttteeerrrmmm...

AAppppeennddiicceess

111 !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll SSSpppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss ––– AAAppprrriiilll 222000111111

222 !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss iiinnn ttthhheee BBBiiiggggggeeerrr EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll aaannnddd !eeesssooouuurrrccceee SSSccciiieeennnccceee PPPiiiccctttuuurrreee

333 DDDrrraaafffttt 222000111111///222000111222 ––– !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy --- AAAnnnnnnuuuaaalll OOOpppeeerrraaatttiiinnnggg PPPlllaaannn

222111

AAAppppppeeennndddiiixxx 111 ––– RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll !pppeeeccciiiaaalll IIInnnttteeerrreeesssttt GGGrrrooouuupppsss ––– !eeepppttteeemmmbbbeeerrr 222000111111

!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilll CCChhhiiieeefff EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveeesss

!eeesssooouuurrrccceee MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsssGGGrrrooouuuppp

BBBiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy GGGeeennneeerrriiiccc GGGuuuiiidddeeellliiinnneeesss GGGrrrooouuuppp

BBBiiiooodddiiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy FFFooorrruuummm

CCCoooaaassstttaaalll PPPlllaaannnnnneeerrrsss GGGrrrooouuuppp

NNNaaatttiiiooonnnaaalll AAAiiirrr QQQuuuaaallliiitttyyy WWWooorrrkkk’’’

GGGrrrooouuuppp

CCCooonnnssseeennnttt MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss GGGrrrooouuuppp

LLLaaannnddd MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss GGGrrrooouuuppp

LLLaaannnddd MMMooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg FFFooorrruuummm

!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll PPPooollliiicccyyy

MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss

!eeeggg’’’lll CCCiiivvviiilll DDDeeefffeeennnccceee EEEmmmeeerrrgggeeennncccyyy MMMaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt

LLLooocccaaalll AAAuuuttthhhooorrr’’’ EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt MMMooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg

HHHaaarrrbbbooouuurrr---mmmaaasssttteeerrrsss

SSSuuurrrfffaaaccceee WWWaaattteeerrr

IIInnnttteeegggrrraaattteeeddd MMMaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt

!eeeggg’’’lll WWWaaasssttteee &&& CCCooonnntttaaammm’’’ddd LLLaaannnddd FFFooorrruuummm

CCCooommmpppllliiiaaannnccceee MMMooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg &&& EEEnnnfffooorrrccceeemmmeeennnttt

!eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll GGGrrrooouuunnndddwwwaaattteeerrr GGGrrrooouuuppp

TTTyyypppiiicccaaallllllyyy TTTiiieeerrr 222(((GGGrrrooouuuppp ooorrr DDDiiivvviiisssiiiooonnn)))

MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss

TTTyyypppiiicccaaallllllyyy TTTiiieeerrr 333(((PPPrrrooogggrrraaammmmmmeee ooorrr

SSSeeeccctttiiiooonnn))) MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsss

!eeepppooorrrtttiiinnnggg llliiinnneee

SSSccciiieeennnccceee AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy +++EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk GGGCCC

BBBiiiooossseeecccuuurrriiitttyyy MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsssGGGrrrooouuuppp

!iiivvveeerrr MMMaaannnaaagggeeerrrsssGGGrrrooouuuppp

NNNaaatttuuurrraaalllHHHaaazzzaaarrrdddsssGGGrrrooouuuppp

222222

AAAppppppeeennndddiiixxx 222 ––– RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss iiinnn ttthhheee BBBiiiggggggeeerrr EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll aaannnddd RRReeesssooouuurrrccceee MMMaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt !ccciiieeennnccceee PPPiiiccctttuuurrreee

!eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh PPPrrriiiooorrriiitttyyy CCCooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaatttiiiooonnnIIInnnpppuuuttt tttooo SSSccciiieeennnccceee CCCooommmmmmiiitttttteeeeeesssEEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk

IIInnnpppuuuttt tttooo !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh DDDiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn aaannnddd CCCaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy DDDeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennntttKKKnnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee TTTrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr

CCCRRRIII’’’sss

MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff !ccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn

FFFuuunnndddiiinnnggg

RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss RRR!&&&TTT

!tttrrraaattteeegggyyyMMMAAAFFFMMMfffEEE

UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttiiieeesssFFFuuunnndddiiinnnggg

EEEnnnddd---UUUssseeerrr AAAdddvvviiisssooorrryyy PPPaaannneeelllsss

IIInnnpppuuutttIIInnnpppuuuttt

222333

AAAppppppeeennndddiiixxx 333 ––– RRReeessseeeaaarrrccchhh !tttrrraaattteeegggyyy --- DDDrrraaafffttt 222000111111///222000111222 AAAnnnnnnuuuaaalll OOOpppeeerrraaatttiiinnnggg PPPlllaaannn

OOObbbjjjeeeccctttiiivvveee AAAccctttiiiooonnn

GGGoooaaalll 111... TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee tttiiimmmeeelllyyy,,, aaauuuttthhhooorrriiitttaaatttiiivvveee aaannnddd rrreeessspppeeecccttteeeddd dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn tttooo sssccciiieeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg


111... TTTooo bbbeee rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseeeddd aaasss aaa sssiiinnngggllleee,,, rrreeeppprrreeessseeennntttaaatttiiivvveee vvvoooiiiccceee wwwiiittthhh aaa lllooonnnggg---ttteeerrrmmm fffooocccuuusss,,, ttthhhaaattt ppprrroooddduuuccceeesss rrrooobbbuuusssttt sssccciiieeennntttiiifffiiiccc kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee aaannnddd aaaccctttiiivvveeelllyyy dddrrriiivvveeesss pppooollliiicccyyy dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn

222... TTTooo bbbeee rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseeeddd aaasss aaa tttrrruuusssttteeeddd pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrr,,, nnnooottt jjjuuusssttt aaannn eeennnddd uuussseeerrr,,, aaannnddd aaa uuunnniiifffiiieeeddd vvvoooiiiccceee aaasss tttooo hhhooowww rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg ssshhhooouuulllddd bbbeee aaallllllooocccaaattteeeddd

333... TTTooo bbbeee vvviiieeewwweeeddd aaasss rrreeeaaalll pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrrsss bbbyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd fffuuunnndddeeerrrsss

444... TTTooo bbbeee iiinnnttteeegggrrraaallllllyyy iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeeddd iiinnn MMMSSSIII nnneeegggoootttiiiaaattteeeddd iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennntttsss

555... TTTooo bbbeee rrreeecccooogggnnniiissseeeddd aaasss aaannn iiinnnttteeegggrrraaalll cccooommmpppooonnneeennnttt ooofff ttthhheee sssccciiieeennnccceee ppplllaaannnnnniiinnnggg aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn sssyyysssttteeemmm

(((TTTooo bbbeee cccooommmpppllleeettteeeddd bbbyyy 333000 JJJuuunnneee 222000111222)))

111... VVViiisssiiittt kkkeeeyyy GGGooovvvttt CCCEEEOOO’’’sss ––– MMMSSSIII222,,, MMMfffEEE,,, MMMEEEDDD aaannnddd dddeeellliiivvveeerrr aaa cccllleeeaaarrr mmmeeessssssaaagggeee ooonnn ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy nnneeeeeedddsss

222... VVViiisssiiittt kkkeeeyyy !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh PPPrrrooovvviiidddeeerrr CCCEEEOOOsss aaannnddd ppprrrooommmooottteee !CCC iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeemmmeeennnttt ooonnn kkkeeeyyy MMMSSSIII pppaaannneeelllsss

333... PPPrrrooommmooottteee !CCC iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeemmmeeennnttt ooonnn kkkeeeyyy !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh PPPrrrooovvviiidddeeerrr aaadddvvviiisssooorrryyy pppaaannneeelllsss

444... PPPrrrooommmooottteee !CCC iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeemmmeeennnttt iiinnn kkkeeeyyy MMMSSSIII nnneeegggoootttiiiaaattteeeddd iiinnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennntttsss

555... PPPlllaaannn mmmeeeeeetttiiinnngggsss wwwiiittthhh MMMSSSIII aaattt kkkeeeyyy bbbuuudddgggeeettt tttiiimmmeeesss

222 AAAcccrrrooonnnyyymmmsss::: MMMSSSIII === MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy ooofff SSSccciiieeennnccceee &&& IIInnnnnnooovvvaaatttiiiooonnn;;;;; MMMfffEEE === MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy fffooorrr ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt;;;;; MMMEEEDDD === MMMiiinnniiissstttrrryyy fffooorrr EEEcccooonnnooommmiiiccc DDDeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt;;;;; !CCC === !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss;;;;; !PPP === !eeessseeeaaarrrccchhh PPPrrrooovvviiidddeeerrr

222444

666... TTTooo ssseeecccuuurrreee aaannnddd dddiiirrreeecccttt aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg tttooowwwaaarrrdddsss sssccciiieeennnccceee gggoooaaalllsss tttooo:::

iii... UUUnnndddeeerrrssstttaaannnddd cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd cccuuullltttuuurrraaalll vvvaaallluuueeesss (((sssoooccciiiooo---eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc))) ooofff ttthhheee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaannnddd iiimmmpppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnnsss tttooo ttthhheee fffuuutttuuurrreee

iiiiii... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp tttoooooolllsss tttooo mmmaaannnaaagggeee ttthhheee eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd bbbrrroooaaadddeeerrr rrrooollleeesss aaannnddd rrreeessspppooonnnsssiiibbbiiillliiitttiiieeesss ooofff !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss

iiiiiiiii... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp nnneeewww mmmooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggiiieeesss iiivvv... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp ppprrraaagggmmmaaatttiiiccc sssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss fffooorrr ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsssvvv... PPPrrrooovvviiidddeee fffooorrr mmmooorrreee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee dddeeellliiivvveeerrryyy ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceeevvviii... PPPrrrooovvviiidddeee mmmooorrreee ccceeerrrtttaaaiiinnntttyyy wwwiiittthhh uuunnnccceeerrrtttaaaiiinnn iiinnnfffooorrrmmmaaatttiiiooonnnvvviiiiii... PPPrrrooovvviiidddeee fffooorrr sssccceeennnaaarrriiiooo ttteeessstttiiinnnggg

777... TTTooo mmmaaaxxxiiimmmiiissseee llleeevvveeerrraaagggeee ooonnn eeexxxiiissstttiiinnnggg aaannnddd nnneeewww !CCC rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr sssccciiieeennnccceee dddiiirrreeeccctttiiiooonnn

888... TTTooo iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss ooonnn ttthhheee cccuuullltttuuurrreee rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreeeddd tttooo mmmeeeeeettt !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss nnneeeeeedddsss

999... TTTooo aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee fffooorrr mmmuuullltttiiipppllleee---ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrr ttteeeaaammm aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh fffooorrr eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee uuussseee ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy

111000... TTTooo mmmeeeeeettt tttooommmooorrrrrrooowww’’’sss ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss tttooodddaaayyy’’’sss

111111... TTTooo fffooosssttteeerrr ttthhheee oooppptttiiimmmaaalll uuussseee ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss

111222... TTTooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaa sssyyysssttteeemmm fffooorrr ooonnngggoooiiinnnggg ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiisssaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh fffooorrr !CCC’’’sss nnneeeeeedddsss

111333... TTTooo bbbeee aaa vvvoooiiiccceee tttooo dddeeeaaalll wwwiiittthhh ooouuutttsssiiidddeee aaagggeeennnccciiieeesss --- sssuuuccchhh aaasss MMMfffEEE,,, DDDOOOCCC,,, MMMAAAFFF

111444... TTTooo eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhh cccllleeeaaarrr iiinnnttteeelllllleeeccctttuuuaaalll ppprrrooopppeeerrrtttyyy ggguuuiiidddeeellliiinnneeesss

666... WWWooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh MMMSSSIII,,, !PPPsss,,, aaannnddd !CCCsss tttooo (((iii))) eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeee mmmooorrreee sssoooccciiiooo---eeecccooonnnooommmiiiccc rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ooonnn cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt iiissssssuuueeesss;;;;; dddeeevvveeellloooppp nnneeewww tttoooooolll tttooo aaassssssiiisssttt eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt,,, iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg nnneeewww mmmooonnniiitttooorrriiinnnggg ttteeeccchhhnnnooolllooogggiiieeesss...

EEEnnncccooouuurrraaagggeee dddiiirrreeecccttt iiinnnvvvooolllvvveeemmmeeennnttt bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn !CCC ssstttaaaffffff aaannnddd !PPP sssccciiieeennntttiiissstttsss tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh llleeeaaadddsss tttooo ppprrraaagggmmmaaatttiiiccc sssooollluuutttiiiooonnnsss aaannnddd ttthhhaaattt sssccciiieeennnccceee iiisss dddeeellliiivvveeerrreeeddd iiinnn aaa fffooorrrmmm ttthhhaaattt cccaaannn rrreeeaaadddiiilllyyy bbbeee pppiiiccckkkeeeddd uuuppp bbbyyy !CCCsss...

777... WWWooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh SSSIIIGGGSSS aaannnddd aaallllll CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo aaavvvoooiiiddd ddduuupppllliiicccaaatttiiiooonnn

888... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp aaannnddd ppprrrooommmooottteee aaa cccllleeeaaarrr mmmeeessssssaaagggeee ooonnn cccuuullltttuuurrreee tttooo !PPPsss

999... DDDeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnneee wwwhhhaaattt nnneeewww rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooojjjeeeccctttsss rrreeeqqquuuiiirrreee aaa ttteeeaaammm aaapppppprrroooaaaccchhh aaannnddd cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteee tttooo !PPPsss

111000... TTTooo cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee ttthhheee ppprrroooccceeessssss wwwiiittthhh SSSIIIGGGSSS tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy fffuuutttuuurrreee iiissssssuuueeesss

111111... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss tttooo oooppptttiiimmmiiissseee uuussseee ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss

111222... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiisssaaatttiiiooonnn ppprrroooccceeessssss

111333... MMMeeeeeettt wwwiiittthhh MMMfffEEE,,, DDDOOOCCC,,, MMMAAAFFF ooonnn kkkeeeyyy iiissssssuuueeesss

111444... CCCooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteee !CCC’’’sss IIIPPP pppooollliiicccyyy tttooo !PPPsss

222555

111555... IIInnn aaa cccooolllllleeegggiiiaaalll mmmaaannnnnneeerrr,,, tttooo sssyyysssttteeemmmaaatttiiicccaaallllllyyy aaannnddd rrreeeggguuulllaaarrrlllyyy iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee gggaaapppsss iiinnn:::

iii... CCChhhaaarrraaacccttteeerrriiisssiiinnnggg NNNZZZ’’’sss nnnaaatttuuurrraaalll rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss;;;;;iiiiii... IIIdddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg iiinnnvvveeennntttooorrriiieeesss aaannnddd tttrrreeennndddsss;;;;;iiiiiiiii... IIImmmppprrrooovvviiinnnggg kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee ooofff ppprrroooccceeesssssseeesss///sssyyysssttteeemmmsss ttthhhaaattt ssshhhaaapppeee ttthhheee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss;;;;;iiivvv... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuuaaallllllyyy eeevvvaaallluuuaaatttiiinnnggg aaannnddd uuupppdddaaatttiiinnnggg ttthhhaaattt kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee;;;;;vvv... AAAccchhhiiieeevvviiinnnggg aaannnddd ssshhhaaarrriiinnnggg cccooonnnssseeennnsssuuusss ooonnn ppprrraaaccctttiiiccceeesss ttthhhaaattt llleeeaaaddd tttooo sssuuussstttaaaiiinnnaaabbbllleee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt (((wwwhhhiiillleee iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg aaannnddd iiinnncccooorrrpppooorrraaatttiiinnnggg rrreeegggiiiooonnnaaalll dddiiiffffffeeerrreeennnccceeesss aaannnddd dddiiissstttiiinnnccctttiiivvveeennneeessssss)))...

111555... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo wwwooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh SSSIIIGGGSSS aaannnddd cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee gggaaapppsss iiinnn eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll aaannnddd rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt sssccciiieeennnccceee;;;;; wwwooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh !PPPsss aaannnddd MMMSSSIII tttooo eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee dddiiisssssseeemmmiiinnnaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff MMMSSSIII---fffuuunnndddeeeddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ooonnn CCC!III wwweeebbbsssiiittteeesss eeetttccc

GGGoooaaalll 222... TTTooo cccaaatttaaalllyyyssseee aaannnddd eeennnhhhaaannnccceee sssccciiieeennnccceee dddeeellliiivvveeerrryyy


111... TTTooo mmmaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnn aaannnddd bbbuuuiiilllddd cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy aaannnddd eeennnsssuuurrreee rrreeesssooouuurrrccceeesss aaarrreee tttaaarrrgggeeettteeeddd tttooo mmmooosssttt eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy dddeeellliiivvveeerrr eeennnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll ooouuutttcccooommmeeesss

222... TTTooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss ooofff iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg kkkeeeyyy !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss ttthhhaaattt aaarrreee dddoooiiinnnggg ttthhhiiinnngggsss wwweeellllll iiinnn sssooommmeee aaarrreeeaaasss aaannnddd uuussseee ttthhheeessseee cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss aaasss aaa cccooonnnddduuuiiittt

333... TTTooo eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeee pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrrssshhhiiipppsss aaannnddd cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiivvveee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh eeeffffffooorrrttt

444... TTTooo eeemmmpppooowwweeerrr SSSIIIGGGsss tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttt rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss

555... TTTooo aaasssssseeessssss aaannnddd mmmaaannnaaagggeee rrriiissskkk aaassssssoooccciiiaaattteeeddd wwwiiittthhh ttthhheee ppprrrooovvviiisssiiiooonnn ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee

666... TTTooo ssseeettt uuuppp aaa sssyyysssttteeemmm ooofff aaadddvvvooocccaaatttiiinnnggg ooovvveeerrr pppuuubbbllliiiccc gggooooooddd sssccciiieeennnccceee fffooorrr mmmaaaiiinnntttaaaiiinnniiinnnggg cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy


111... CCCooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteee tttooo MMMSSSIII eeetttccc cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy nnneeeeeedddsss iiinnn !eeesssooouuurrrccceee EEEvvvaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn aaannnddd SSSoooiiilllsss

222... PPPrrrooogggrrreeessssss ttthhheee cccooonnnccceeepppttt ooofff !CCCsss aaasss kkkeeeyyy kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee hhhuuubbbsss fffooorrr aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff eeexxxpppeeerrrtttiiissseee

333... WWWooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh !PPP aaadddvvviiisssooorrryyy pppaaannneeelllsss tttooo eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhh aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee cccooollllllaaabbbooorrraaatttiiivvveee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh

444... EEEnnncccooouuurrraaagggeee SSSIIIGGGSSS tttooo cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteee ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss tttooo rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd “““pppaaarrrtttnnneeerrr””” tttooo iiinnniiitttiiiaaattteee nnneeewww ppprrrooojjjeeeccctttsss

555... WWWooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh MMMSSSIII tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaa mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmm tttooo aaaddddddrrreeessssss rrriiissskkk aaassssssoooccciiiaaattteeeddd wwwiiittthhh sssccciiieeennnccceee

666... SSSAAAGGG tttooo uuussseee ttthhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy tttooo aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee fffooorrr kkkeeeyyy aaarrreeeaaasss ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee cccaaapppaaabbbiiillliiitttyyy nnneeeeeeddd

222666

777... TTTooo cccooolllllleeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee tttooo MMMSSSIII,,, rrreeellleeevvvaaannnttt mmmiiinnniiissstttrrriiieeesss,,, aaannnddd CCChhhiiieeefff EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll FFFooorrruuummm (((aaaccctttiiiooonnn --- tttooo iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyy ttthhheee vvveeehhhiiicccllleee tttooo aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee)))

888... TTTooo eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhh mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmmsss fffooorrr gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr cccooouuunnnccciiilll iiinnnttteeerrraaaccctttiiiooonnn

999... TTTooo eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhh ppprrroooccceeesssssseeesss fffooorrr vvvaaallliiidddaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeesssuuullltttsss (((eee...ggg...,,, pppeeeeeerrr rrreeevvviiieeewww vvvsss... cccooonnntttrrraaacccttt rrreeepppooorrrttt)))

111000... TTTooo ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiissseee aaannnddd tttaaarrrgggeeettt sssccciiieeennnccceee ttthhhaaattt rrreeefffllleeeccctttsss aaannnddd hhhaaasss rrreeegggaaarrrddd tttooo:::

SSStttrrraaattteeegggiiiccc iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnccceee fffooorrr aaallllll !CCC’’’sss cccooolllllleeeccctttiiivvveeelllyyy bbbuuuttt aaalllsssooo fffooorrr ssspppeeeccciiifffiiiccc ppprrrooobbbllleeemmmsss ooofff wwwiiidddeee sssiiigggnnniiifffiiicccaaannnccceeeEEExxxiiissstttiiinnnggg rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh cccaaapppaaaccciiitttyyyTTThhheee llliiikkkeeelllyyy bbbeeennneeefffiiitttsssTTThhheee aaabbbiiillliiitttyyy ooofff uuussseeerrrsss tttooo cccaaappptttuuurrreee ttthhheee bbbeeennneeefffiiitttsss...

777... SSSAAAGGG tttooo cccooonnntttiiinnnuuueee iiinnn iiitttsss kkkeeeyyy aaadddvvvooocccaaacccyyy rrrooollleee

888... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo ppprrrooommmooottteee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr iiinnnttteeerrraaaccctttiiiooonnn ooonnn kkkeeeyyy tttooopppiiicccsss,,, aaannnddd fffooocccuuusss ooonnn !eeesssooouuurrrccceee EEEvvvaaallluuuaaatttiiiooonnn

999... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo wwwooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd SSSIIIGGGSSS tttooo eeessstttaaabbbllliiissshhh aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttt aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss fffooorrr vvvaaallliiidddaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeesssuuullltttsss

111000... PPPrrrooommmooottteee ttthhheee rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss fffrrrooommm ttthhheee cccuuurrrrrreeennnttt SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy tttooo MMMSSSIII aaannnddd !PPPsss,,, aaasss wwweeellllll aaasss tttooo !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss...

GGGoooaaalll 333... TTTooo fffaaaccciiillliiitttaaattteee sssccciiieeennnccceee uuuppptttaaakkkeee


111... TTTooo eeennncccooouuurrraaagggeee ttthhheee iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff sssccchhheeemmmeeesss sssuuuccchhh aaasss EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk

222... TTTooo ppprrrooommmooottteee ttthhheee dddeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt aaannnddd uuutttiiillliiisssaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee mmmaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt sssyyysssttteeemmmsss


111... WWWooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh MMMSSSIII tttooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk PPPllluuusss iiinnn ttthhheee aaannntttiiiccciiipppaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff nnneeewww fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg

222... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo ppprrrooommmooottteee ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk SSSeeeaaarrrccchhh EEEnnngggiiinnneee tttooo !PPPsss aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrrsss

222777

333... TTTooo ppprrrooommmooottteee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee tttwwwooo---wwwaaayyy cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaatttiiiooonnn iiinnncccllluuudddiiinnnggg bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd pppooollliiicccyyy wwwiiittthhhiiinnn !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss,,, sssooo ttthhhaaattt sssccciiieeennnccceee aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiisssiiiooonnn rrreeemmmaaaiiinnn ooorrriiieeennntttaaattteeeddd tttooowwwaaarrrdddsss pppooollliiicccyyy aaannnddd uuuppptttaaakkkeee ppprrriiiooorrriiitttiiieeesss

444... TTTooo uuussseee ttthhheee SSStttrrraaattteeegggyyy tttooo aaadddvvviiissseee !eeegggiiiooonnnaaalll aaannnddd UUUnnniiitttaaarrryyy CCCooouuunnnccciiilllsss tttooo ttthhhiiinnnkkk aaabbbooouuuttt eeennnddd uuussseee bbbeeefffooorrreee dddeeefffiiinnniiinnnggg ppprrroooddduuucccttt iiinnn ttthhheee cccooonnntttrrraaacccttt... NNNeeeeeeddd tttooo cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrr wwwhhhaaattt ttthhheee uuunnndddeeerrrlllyyyiiinnnggg pppuuurrrpppooossseee aaannnddd vvvaaallluuueee ooofff aaannnyyy rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh rrreeeaaallllllyyy mmmeeeaaannnsss

555... TTTooo iiinnnfffllluuueeennnccceee ccceeennntttrrraaalll gggooovvvttt fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg ooonnn aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee ooouuutttpppuuuttt

666... TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee !SSS&&&TTT ooouuutttpppuuuttt

777... TTTooo cccooonnnsssiiidddeeerrr aaa cccooonnntttiiinnnuuuuuummm mmmooodddeeelll tttooo wwwooorrrkkk wwwiiittthhh sssccciiieeennntttiiissstttsss

888... TTTooo aaadddvvvooocccaaattteee tttooo cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss ttthhhaaattt sssccciiieeennnccceee kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee iiisss vvvaaallluuuaaabbbllleee

999... TTTooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp nnneeewww mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmmsss tttooo aaattttttrrraaacccttt ccceeennntttrrraaalll gggooovvvttt fffuuunnndddiiinnnggg fffooorrr kkknnnooowwwllleeedddgggeee tttrrraaannnsssfffeeerrr aaannnddd iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennntttaaatttiiiooonnn

111000... TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee gggrrreeeaaattteeerrr tttrrraaannnssspppaaarrreeennncccyyy aaannnddd eeexxxccchhhaaannngggeee aaasss tttooo wwwhhhooo iiisss dddoooiiinnnggg wwwhhhaaattt ––– eee...ggg...,,, bbbeeetttwwweeeeeennn rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh ppprrrooovvviiidddeeerrrsss aaannnddd cccooouuunnnccciiilllsss eeetttccc

333... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo iiinnnvvvooolllvvveee ttthhheee PPPooollliiicccyyy SSSIIIGGG iiinnn iiidddeeennntttiiifffyyyiiinnnggg cccrrriiitttiiicccaaalll iiissssssuuueeesss aaannnddd rrreeessseeeaaarrrccchhh oooppppppooorrrtttuuunnniiitttiiieeesss;;;;; iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttt sssuuuggggggeeessstttiiiooonnnsss

444... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo ppprrrooommmooottteee ttthhhiiisss mmmeeessssssaaagggeee tttooo !CCC ssstttaaaffffff

555... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo mmmaaakkkeee ttthhheee cccaaassseee tttooo MMMSSSIII aaannnddd TTTEEECCC ttthhhaaattt ooouuutttpppuuuttt nnneeeeeedddsss tttooo bbbeee aaapppppprrroooppprrriiiaaattteee iiinnn ooorrrdddeeerrr tttooo bbbeee iiimmmpppllleeemmmeeennnttteeeddd

666... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo cccooommmmmmuuunnniiicccaaattteee tttooo NNNIIIWWWAAA,,, LLLaaannndddcccaaarrreee,,, aaannnddd ooottthhheeerrrsss aaasss tttooo wwwhhhaaattt eeeffffffeeeccctttiiivvveee !SSS&&&TTT iiisss

777... PPPrrrooovvviiidddeee aaa cccooonnntttiiinnnuuuuuummm mmmooodddeeelll tttooo NNNIIIWWWAAA aaannnddd LLLaaannndddcccaaarrreee tttooo ttteeesssttt

888... CCCooonnntttiiinnnuuueee tttooo dddeeemmmooonnnssstttrrraaattteee ttthhheee iiimmmpppooorrrtttaaannnccceee ooofff sssccciiieeennnccceee tttooo dddeeeccciiisssiiiooonnn mmmaaakkkiiinnnggg

999... PPPaaarrrttt ooofff EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk PPPllluuusss

111000... DDDeeevvveeellloooppp aaa pppaaagggeee fffooorrr ttthhheee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooollliiinnnkkk wwweeebbbsssiiittteee ssshhhooowwwiiinnnggg llliiinnnkkkaaagggeeesss

222888

GGGoooaaalll 444... TTTooo eeennnsssuuurrreee aaannn ooonnngggoooiiinnnggg RRR!&&&TTT ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss


111... TTTooo dddeeevvveeellloooppp aaa ppprrroooccceeessssss tttooo rrreeevvviiieeewww,,, rrreeefffiiinnneee,,, aaannnddd uuupppdddaaattteee ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy

222... TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee ttthhheee nnneeeccceeessssssaaarrryyy rrreeesssooouuurrrccceee tttooo eeennnsssuuurrreee ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss iiisss sssuuucccccceeessssssfffuuulll

333... TTTooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee aaa gggooovvveeerrrnnnaaannnccceee mmmeeeccchhhaaannniiisssmmm tttooo ooovvveeerrrssseeeeee ttthhheee ssstttrrraaattteeegggyyy ppprrroooccceeessssss


111... SSSAAAGGG tttooo rrreeevvviiieeewww bbbeeefffooorrreee 333000 JJJuuunnneee 222000111222

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333... SSSAAAGGG tttooo ppprrrooovvviiidddeee gggooovvveeerrrnnnaaannnccceee aaannnddd rrreeepppooorrrttt tttooo CCCEEEOOO FFFooorrruuummm

Appendix E: SIG research topics and priorities as at May 2012

Subject of research Class

Why this is an issue for

SIG (if funding was found

to do this research, who

would be helped?)

What SIG has done

about this issue so far

(e.g. in-house studies,

Envirolink grants, etc.)

Work of others in this field that

SIG are aware of

Group ranking

based on two

votes person

Notes from discussion

Pete

r

David

so

n

pri

ori

ties

Jo

sep

h

Th

om

as

pri

ori

ties

Jo

hn

Had

field

pri

ori

ties

Pau

l

Mu

rph

y

pri

ori

ties

Sco

tt

Wilso

n

pri

ori

ties

Transfer of knowledge from completed projects

Selected projects like S-map have done this well; but impression is that some researchers aren’t interested in this aspect. What is the obligation (contractual) on public researchers to disseminate findings?

Being able to use tools from research

How do forum members make time to adapt to/learn new information?*Refer below to notes on barriers to engagement

9 10 14 8

2a.

Quantification of river losses/gains and spring losses/gains

MSI – Link to SMART project.

Essential for understanding the water balance to manage resources for allocation

Gauging data from rivers exist but we have lots of scale questions: braided rivers, smaller rivers, spring-dominated system

Current MSI funded work by GNS – proposing to do thermal measurements 11

Paul White is doing work in this area. Quantify recharge rate by recording differences in temperature. Distinguish between natural dynamics and abstraction. Southland is using radon to detect groundwater seepage in the lagoon and having it analysed at the university. Results show huge contrasts

2= 2= 2 1 2=

2b.

Real time fluxes between surface and groundwater and offshore flow.

Link to 2a.Essential for understanding the water balance and overall resource management

2= 2= 2 2 2=

3Age determination and irrigation signatures

On hold. Report back from ESR.

Marlborough had a small advice grant with ESR about this; literature review completed but needs money for experiments

Best to keep this on hold until the ESR field work is finished 7 6 6 3

4

How to quantify water use when no water use data exist

Advice.

Water use data set from metering will take years to develop – what do we do in the meantime? Council guidelines are generally conservative and overuse leads to leaching of nutrients

Models need refining

Need to collate best practice on crops and validate soil moisture models with metering data. Metering data set is still patchy although meters are being rolled out as required. Could be several years before good metering data available. Comment: A number of models are currently available, but we need to have some verification studies carried out. JH interested in remote sensing techniques

9 7 5 11 6

5Better understanding of evapotranspiration losses

On hold. Report back from Greater Wellington.

Essential for understanding the water balance and using the information for allocation

ECan is trialling remote sensing of PET and real time measurement of water demand

Former work out of ECan using power records; would need a tool to employ remote sensing if it proves useful

Doug Mzila would like to report back on this topic at a later time when work at Greater Wellington is available 11 8 9 8 9

MSIWhat does current groundwater quality represent in terms of land use?

First step. Advice grant to scope out what the research questions are?

Separate attenuation from lag time

Nitrogen focus; denitrification effectsHow to apply spatially and temporallySoE trends (quality & quantity) – what does data mean in terms of land use change

1 1 4 1

7Hydraulic fracturing (Fracking) On hold. Await PCE report. Quick literature search as a

starting point - what info exists?IAH Australia – members have a lot of interest in coal seam gas proceedings

See summary and documents compiled by Kathleen Crisley; generally agreed that the forum members should wait for the PCE report before identifying research areas; individual councils may have to deal with consent applications in the meantime (e.g. Hawkes Bay)

8 3 5 12

Advice

Lots of groundwater sampling for O 18 in last few years; some lysimeter data, stream and rainfall samples

Small to Medium

Start with a literature review and then more sampling for different storm events and location?

3 7 7 7

9Crop and water demand schedules Advice. Council specific. Account for use of water for

planning and managementEvaluation of recharge and irrigation

MfE papers, Irrigation NZ and bits and pieces of site specific information from around the country

Struggling to understand why some people felt this was a research need (better handle on demand for a given set of climatic conditions. It this about capability (advice grant)? Landcare, Plant & Food are experts.

not rated not rated 13 5

1

3

121Informatics for water management

Supported eigenmodel tool workshop today because project had run out of funds to support a standalone workshop

0

John Bright, Waterwheel, Linda Lilburne, S-map, Jochen Schmidt, Alex Kmoch doing a PhD on informatics. Costs of extension are not usually covered sufficiently by funding sources and implementation/competency to implement by councils is patchy. Need to target research more appropriately (and ensure Forum maintains authority over scope of projects that are endorsed by us). Joint appointments with CRIs should be considered by councils. SMART programme needs to be meeting regularly with this forum.

Park it. GNS to provide information for SMART MSI project. Alex Kmoch - contact through Chris Daughney

Laboratories in the United States will do 18O analysis cheaper than in NZ. Huge variability on events of scale / altitude / temperature. Perhaps more data won't help. Need to understand influences. Monitoring data for 3 years out of Otago University but was it analysed?

Travis Horton, UoC, was doing some work in this area – how to find results?

6

Time lags – how to model/quantify groundwater quality effects associated with land use (travel times)

Work in Lake Taupo and Rotorua Lakes helps to define gaps in knowledge

Spydia trial has scale limitations. IRAP work by ESR, Plant & Food 12

Attenuation and lag times are two separate but related issues. There are mixed redox states in the same aquifer. Lag is simpler to model than attenuation.

8

18O signatures in rainfall and how variable they are with time and location; do they evolve in the soil zone?

Refinement of existing methods which are quite old; more understanding of soil processes needed and how to deal with spatial and temporal variability? Also, range of altitudes will affect signatures.

1

Elemental Geoconsulting Limited 1 20/03/2013

APPENDIX E

Appendix E: SIG research topics and priorities as at May 2012

Subject of research Class

Why this is an issue for

SIG (if funding was found

to do this research, who

would be helped?)

What SIG has done

about this issue so far

(e.g. in-house studies,

Envirolink grants, etc.)

Work of others in this field that

SIG are aware of

Group ranking

based on two

votes person

Notes from discussion

Pete

r

David

so

n

pri

ori

ties

Jo

sep

h

Th

om

as

pri

ori

ties

Jo

hn

Had

field

pri

ori

ties

Pau

l

Mu

rph

y

pri

ori

ties

Sco

tt

Wilso

n

pri

ori

ties

10

Epidemiological effects of bacteria in groundwater – what is the link?

Advice

How much effort should we place on monitoring of bacteria and what interventions (if any) should the council consider?

Monitoring programme data

Public Health collates incidence information; ESR and Cawthron have faecal tracking analyses but these are not detailed enough; ESR has done work in S Canterbury on the Morven Glenavy scheme to tie incidents to flood irrigation

Not discussed, no summary provided 6 5 8 10 4

Advice

Council specific 4 11 6 10

On hold.

Ecan to re-examine. 5 4 9 3

Advice.

Council specific. 10 12 12 11

14Mapping NZ groundwater models Tools

GNS - interest by

Magali Moreau-

Fournier

Would like to see consultancy-based models included (more useful than just regional councils) - Can Wellington please indicate interest to Magali?

not rated not rated

15 Tritium models ? GNS - interest by

Maksym Gusyev

Ask Maksym to produce a one-pager like Magali's - what do we get out of his research and how do we apply it? not rated not rated

10

Lysimeter work in the 1970s in Washington State (USA)

5Ties in with John Hadfield's summary of time lages and attenuation

Summary by Patrick Durney. Experts on soil include Trevor Webb, Aqualinc and M.S (NIWA). Can't find data from late 1990s. A think-tank approach to assess the effects. Is there a more robust way to investigate this issue?

Chris Evans’ thesis; Aqualinc studies by John Bright

Recharge through low permeability soils – how to quantify?

ESR’s work at Burnham using warm water and rotamine provides conflicting advice

Essential for understanding the water balance to inform resource management

ECan hopes to commission work this year on loess soils with samples in cores for centrifuge permeameter testing

11

12

Dispersion of contaminants from continuing sources rather than slug sources

Depends on equipment and how it is managed. Not a research topic. Need to look at Aqualinc's work and extension opportunities

13

Efficiency of historical irrigation techniques in some areas

Demand models don’t match our experience

Information through hearings. Ashburton-Lyndhurst eigenmodelling (inputs based on estimates of irrigation efficiency and land use)

Water quality management and planning (the monitoring information doesn’t match up with slug test data and modelling)

ECan has tried to analyse the data from meat works


Appendix F: Extracts from the 3rd Report of the Land & Water Forum

Science funding and co-ordination 261. Good water management requires good understanding and good understanding requires good science - related to and incorporating for example knowledge of land resources and land use, social science, Mātauranga Māori and adoption practices, and hydrological systems including estuaries. Science has in the past, and will in the future, provide information, advice, models, predictions, and solutions to water and land managers and other end-users including addressing extension and adoption issues. Freshwater science needs to be an integral part of a wider framework for freshwater and land use management, and recognise that management and knowledge is required at different levels.

262. Science (i.e. biophysical sciences, Mātauranga Māori and social sciences including economics) should assist in the setting of freshwater objectives and limits, but these involve value judgements to which science is only a contributor.

263. Good freshwater science needs to be underpinned by reliable data consistently collected, archived and disseminated. There needs to be a focus in freshwater science on an integrated approach that includes:

a. co-ordination of research across Crown Research Institutes, the tertiary education sector, regional councils and industry to ensure the greatest gains are made on total investment

b. ensuring that economic and social research, along with biophysical research, is pursued to help inform choices about objectives, limits, management approaches and monitoring

c. collation and communication of significant research results and ensuring potentially useful data generated through publically funded projects is widely accessible.

264. Central government needs to focus its capacity to provide strategic co-ordination of research, data and information for water management. This requires cross departmental co-ordination of policy, programmes and funding for research and environmental monitoring, and that these programmes are linked to work being undertaken at regional level and the needs of regional and catchment-based management. It also involves development of national data and information standards, and providing means of drawing together and enabling ready access to research and monitoring information.

265. There is also a need to make sure that research focuses on areas of priority and where there are gaps. One example of a gap is knowledge of water-based recreation needs, including an inventory of waterbodies suitable for the spectrum of water-based recreation.

266. Freshwater and land resource science must be underpinned by a regularly updated Water Research Strategy and an associated Land resources and use Research Strategy that are formulated and agreed in consultation with science providers and stakeholders.

267. There is an urgent need for improved national capability in freshwater science and knowledge. A long-term approach to professional training and national capability development in water and land resource science and management at all levels should be identified, funded and acted upon.

Recommendation 62 The existing MfE/FRST Water Research and Development Strategy should be reviewed, in light of priorities arising from government water policy reform, and the resultant updated strategy subsequently implemented. The review should draw together relevant research undertaken by all parties and set out how it will be delivered in a co-ordinated and structured way.

Development of tools 268. The tools, including models, which are essential to the effective and efficient management of water, will require continued development and refinement. Investment must be focused on a limited set of models that together are able to provide a comprehensive foundation for future management under a limits regime. This co-ordination of investment and development should be guided by a national strategy that effectively pools the limited expertise available to focus on solving problems and customising platforms to meet the needs of management and planning.

269. However, models need to be used with care such that the assumptions and limitations are transparent and results used to inform and support the decision-making process. Clear guidance is required on how models, and model output data, are used in the development, implementation and enforcement of water policy.

Recommendation 63 All parties, central and local government, industry and science providers should continue investment in the development of models (including development and prioritisation of a limited number of interoperable models) and measurement-based monitoring systems for practical application to water quality management. Investment should be based around partnerships and guided by a national strategy that ensures co-ordination of available resources. This should include clear guidance and protocols on how models, monitoring systems and their output data, should be used in the development, implementation and enforcement of water quality policy.

Appendix G: Recent research publications produced by or for councils

Council Title Author Date Comments / keywords

CRC Cross sections of groundwater chemistry through the Ashburton-Rangitata plain Carl Hanson, Phil Abraham 2013 in prep

HBRC Tukituki Groundwater Resources (draft). Harper S., 2013. 2013 Resource Management Group, Science Section. Report: Hawke’s Bay Regional Council, Napier, New Zealand.

HBRC Ruataniwha Basin Nitrate Transport modelling Baalousha, H. 2013 EMT 13/06 HBRC Plan Number 4470

ND Groundwater Surface Water Integrated Management (Maunu-Maungatapere-Whatitiri Basalt Aquifers) SKM 2012 Technical assessments to determine the interconnection between groundwater and surface water, particularly the degree of connectivity and the temporal and spatial impacts of groundwater pumping in

basalt aquifers (i.e. Kaikohe and Maunu-Maungatapere-Whatitiri basalt aquifers). HM Protocol for Calculating Groundwater Annual Volume Allocations Callander P. 2012 Prepared for Horizons by PDP

GDC Groundwater in the Poverty Bay Flats. GNS Science Report. White, P.A. Moreau-Fournier, M. Tschritter, C and Murphy, P. 2012

MDC Aquifer Dynamics and Resilience Review compiled by Peter Davidson MDC 2012 water resource investigation

MDC Groundwater Quality State and Trends 2012 compiled by Peter Davidson MDC 2012 annual state of the environment reportMDC Three-dimensional geological modelling and multivariate statistical analysis of 3 water chemistry data to analyse and produced by GNS Science 2012 water resource characteristaion

MDC Aquifer Safe Yield Review Peter Davidson 2012 review of sustainable levels of abstraction versus allocation & use

CRC Ashley-Waimakariri Groundwater Resources Investigation Dodson, M; Aitchison-Earl, P; Scott, L 2012 R12/69

CRC Groundwater Quality Investigations of The Mid-Waitaki Valley Hanson, C; Cressy, R; Scott, L 2012 R12/71

CRC Christchurch-West Melton groundwater quality monitoring review Lisa Scott 2012 in prep

CRC Network review - groundwater quality monitoring Marta Scott 2012 in prep

CRC Groundwater age determination along a transect across the Central Plains, Canterbury, New Zealand van der Raaij, R 2012 unpublished external report

CRC Age Determination of Groundwater Programme Review Herczeg, A 2012 R12/34

ORC Alexandra Groundwater Basin Allocation Study Otago Regional Council 2012 geology, surface-water hydrology, groundwater quality, patterns of groundwater use, aquifer water balance, water resource management, groundwater management regime

ORC Cromwell Terrace Aquifer Study - Groundwater Otago Regional Council 2012 soils, geology, water use, hydrology, water quality, groundwater management, aquifer water balance, groundwater modelling, numerical modelling, implications for managment

ORC Groundwater Exploration in the Ida Valley Scott Wilson and Jens Rekker 2012 geology of the Ida Valley, Geophysical prospecting, schist drilling, tertiary sediments, groundwater quality

ORC Hawea Basin Groundwater Review Scott Wilson - Otago Regional Council 2012 geology, basement rocks, sediments, surface hydrology, lake hawea, rivers, streams, springs, wetlands, rainfall & recharge, wateruse, aquifer hydrology, isotope data, water quality, conceptual

groundwater model, numerical modelling, groundwater allocationORC The South Dunedin Coastal Aquifer & Effect of Sea Level Fluctuations - Groundwater Otago Regional Council 2012 location and land use, geological & marine processes, European land-filling, climate, hydrology, water services, coastal aquifer, groundwater modelling

ES Five Year Median Nitrate Technical Report 2012 - UPDATED Environment Southland 2012

ES Knapdale Technical Report Environment Southland 2012

ES Spring Gauging Programme Review Environment Southland 2012

ES Waituna Catchment Groundwater Resource Technical Report Environment Southland 2012

HBRC Groundwater Flow Pattern in the Ruataniwha Plains as deriver from the Isotope and Chemistry signature of the Water Commissioned 2012 GNS 2012/23Morgenstern, R., R van. Der Raaij, H Baalousha, 2012 Groundwater Flow Pattern in the Ruataniwha Plains as derived from the Isotope and Chemestriy Signature of the Water

HM Report on Strategic Water and Wastewater Review 2011

HM Overview of Horizons’ Groundwater Monitoring Programme H. Zarour, J.Roygard, R. Hurndell, M.Clark 2011 Internal Report

MDC Wairau Aquifer Eigen Model Project H. Williams 2011 relationship between Wairau Plain groundwater, rainfall recharge & spring flow

MDC Groundwater abstraction from the Wairau Plains commissioned by MDC & carried out by Steve Green - Plant &

Food Research

2011 approximate groundwater abstraction based on crop demand

MDC A Review of the Impact of Irrigation on Age Dating and Geochemistry of Shallow Groundwater - implications for the

Wairau Plains

commissioned by MDC through ENVIROLINK & carried out by

ESR/GNS Science

2011 Quantifying the anomalous effects of irrigation on tracer measurements

MDC Groundwaters of Marlborough compiled by Peter Davidson & Scott Wilson 2011 compendium of information and data related to Marlborough groundwater resources CRC Groundwater quality investigation of the Rangitata - Orari area Scott, L; Hanson, C; Cressy, R 2011 R11/56

CRC Earthquake impacts on groundwater; updates 1, 2 and 3 Groundwater Resources 2011 internet

CRC Hurunui catchment-scale land use and water quality modelling report Linda Lilburne, Sandy Elliot, Vince Bidwell, Ude Shankar, Dave

Kelly, Carl Hanson

2011 R11/15

ORC Rainfall recharge assessment for Otago groundwater basins Scott Wilson and Xiafeng Lu, Otago Regional Council 2011 rainfall recharge assessments, inch clutha, clydevale - wairuna, Cromwell, Ida Valley, Lower Waitaki Plain, Kuriwao, Maniototo, Manuherikia, Pomahaka, Roxburgh, Strath Taieri, Tokomairiro, Wakatipu,

recharge comparisons, climate and recharge variability, ES Riversdale Groundwater Management Zone Technical Report Environment Southland 2011

ES Riversdale Irrigation Water Use Assessment Environment Southland 2011

ES Regional Mapping of Groundwater Denitrification Potential and Aquifer Sensitivity Environment Southland 2011

ES State of the Environment: Groundwater Quantity Technical Report Environment Southland 2011

HBRC Assessment of the Spatial Distribution of the Groundwater Quality State of the Environment Network HBRC 2011 Dodson, M, 2011, Assessment of the Spatial Distribution of the Groundwater Quality State of the Environment Network, Hawke’s Bay Regional Council - Environmental Management.Group Technical

Report. EMT 10/26. HBRC Plan No. 4227. 18p.

HBRC Psuedo-transient groundwater-stream interaction model for determination of the effect of groundwater abstraction on

spring-fed stream flow in the Poukawa basin, Hawke’s Bay,

Cameron, S.; Gusyev, M.; Minni, G ; Meilhac, C. ; Zemansky,

G.

2011 GNS Science Report 2011/07. 79 p.

HBRC Ruataniwha Basin Groundwater/Surface Water Predictive Modelling Baalousha, H 2011 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council report June 2011 ISSN 1179 8513 EMT11/04 HBRC plan No. 4264

HM Horowhenua Water Resources: Water Budget and Groundwater-Surface Water interaction White, P.A, Green, S. and Zarour, H. 2010 Prepared for Horizons by GNS Report 2010/22

HM Three-dimensional geological model of the Horowhenua area. White P.A., Meilhac C., Della Pasqua F., Raiber M. and Zarour

H.

2010 GNS Science Consultancy Report 2009/310. Prepared for Horizons Regional Council. Horizons Regional Council Report 2010/Ext/1086. Lower Hutt, New Zealand: GNS Science.

MDC National Survey Of Pesticides In Groundwater 2010 ESR on behalf of regional councils including MDC 2010 impacts of landuse on aquifers

MDC Coastal Aquifers Model and Aquifer Sustainability Assessment commissioned by MDC & carried out by Scott Wilson -

consultant

2010 potential impacts of abstraction on seawater interface

MDC Groundwater flow patterns and origin on the North Bank of the Wairau River, Marlborough, New Zealand produced by James Botting as part of MSc study 2010 water resource investigation

MDC Preliminary Spring Creek Depletion Assessment commissioned by MDC & carried out by Scott Wilson -

consultant

2010 potential impacts of groundwater abstraction on Spring Creek flow

MDC Integrating 3D Geological Modelling and Geochemical Data to gain further Insights into Groundwater Interactions of the

Wairau Plain, Marlborough, New Zealand

commissioned by MDC & carried out by Sophie Bainbridge

(GNS Science)

2010 water resource characteristaion

CRC Nitrate contamination and groundwater chemistry - Ashburton-Hinds plain Abraham, Phil (Mr); Hanson, Carl (Mr) 2010 R10/143

CRC Integrated study of surface water and shallow groundwater resources of the Orari catchment Ritson, Jenny (Ms); Burbery, Lee (Mr) 2010 R10/36

CRC Age determination and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Kaikoura Plains, New Zealand van der Raaij, Rob (Mr) 2010 R10/37

CRC IRAP - support for a FRST-funded research project 2010 various papers by researchers

CRC Environment Canterbury groundwater quality invesigation programme. Future programme design Sinclair Knight Merz Ltd, Auckland 2010 R10/21

CRC Collation of data on bacterial contamination of deep groundwater from municipal wells Dann, Rod (Mr); Ball, Andrew; Ferguson, Alan (Mr) 2010 R10/59

CRC Estimating nitratenitrogen leaching rates under rural land uses in Canterbury Linda Lilburne, Trevor Webb, Raymond Ford, Vince Bidwell 2010 R10/127

ORC Bendigo and Tarras Groundwater Allocation Study 2010 Otago Regional Council 2010 geology, climate and land use, bore locations and current abstration, aquifer extent, groundwater flow patterns, aquifer properties, groundwater hydrology, groundwater recharge, groundwater modelling

ORC Lower Taieri Groundwater Allocation Study Jens Rekker and Clare Houlbrooke 2010 groundwater hydrology, groundwater quality, groundwater management, numerical groundwater model, resource allocation and monitoring recommendations

ORC Lower Taieri Groundwater Allocation Study Otago Regional Council 2010 lower taieri, groundwater, flows, quality, hydrology, groundwater management, groundwater model, resource allocation and monitoring recommendations, iron, nitrate, manganese, salinity

ES Balfour Groundwater Project Information Sheet Environment Southland 2010

ES Edendale Groundwater Management Zone Technical Report Environment Southland 2010

ES Fractured Rock and Confined Aquifers - Recommendations for Sustainable Management Environment Southland 2010

ES Groundwater Report on the Balfour Groundwater Quality Study Environment Southland 2010

ES Groundwater Quality in Southland Information Sheet Environment Southland 2010ES State of the Environment: Groundwater Quality Technical Report Environment Southland 2010

CRC The influence of recharge mechanisms on shallow groundwater in the Levels Plain, South Canterbury Aitchison-Earl, P and H Williams 2010 Environment Canterbury Technical Report R11/31.

CRC Adaptive management of groundwater in the Selwyn-Waimakariri Groundwater Allocation Zone Williams, H., & S. Gabites 2010 unpublished report

CRC Groundwater resources of the Te Waihora / Ellesmere catchment Williams, H 2010 Environment Canterbury Report.

HBRC Steady State Groundwater-stream interaction model for determination of the effect of groundwater abtraction on spring-

fed stream flow in the Lake Poukawa catchment, Hawke's Bay

Commissioned 2010 GNS Science Report 2010/03Minni, G; Cameron, S; Meihac, C; Zemansky, G. 2010. Steady State groundwater-stream interaction model for determination of the effects of groundwater abstraction on

spring-fed stream flow in the Lake Poukawa catchment, Hawke's Bay, GNS Science Report 2010/03 43p.

HBRC Groundwater Quantity - State of the Environment - 5 yearly Report - 2003 to 2008 HBRC 2010 HBRC Plan No .,Harper, S 2008, Groundwater Quantity - State of the Environment - 5 yearly Report - 2003 to 2008 - Hawke's Bay Regional Council - Environmental Management Group Technical Report

. EMT/10/01. HBRC Plan No. 4167. 55p.

HBRC Twyford Consent Area Technical Report – Groundwater Impact Assessment HBRC 2010 HBRC Plan No.,Harper, S 2008, Twyford Consent Area Technical Report – Groundwater Impact Assessment. Hawke's Bay Regional Council - Environmental Management Group Technical Report. EMT

10/02. HBRC Plan No. 4170. 57 p.

HBRC 2009 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council Pumping Test Data Review HBRC 2010 HBRC Plan No.,Dodson, M, 2010, 2009 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council Pumping Test Data Review. Hawkes Bay Regional Council, Environmental Management Group Internal Technical Report. EMI

10/02. HBRC Plan No 4177. 10 p. HBRC Assessment of Nitrogen and E. coli Groundwater Quality in the Hawke’s Bay Region, 2008 HBRC 2010 Dodson, M, 2011, Assessment of Nitrogen and E. coli Groundwater Quality in the Hawke’s Bay Region, 2008, Hawke’s Bay Regional Council - Environmental Management Group Technical Report. EMT

10/20. HBRC Plan No. 4204. 19 p.

HBRC Ruataniwha Basin Transient Groundwater-Surface Water Flow Model HBRC 2010 Baalousha, H , 2010, Ruataniwha Basin Transient Groundwater-Surface Water Flow Model, Hawke’s Bay Regional Council - Environmental Management Group Technical Report. EMT 10/30. HBRC Plan

No., 4234. 52p.

HBRC Regional Groundwater Nitrate and Phosphorus Trends for the period January 1995 - March 2003 HBRC 2010 Stansfield, B. 2006. Regional Groundwater Nitrate and Phosphorus Trends for the Period January 1995 - March 2003. EMT 0601. HBRC Plan No. 3832

HBRC Ruataniwha Basin Transient Groundwater-Surface water flow model. Baalousha, H 2010 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council report




HM Spatial and Temporal Variations and Trends in Groundwater Quality in the Manawatu-Wanganui Region C. Daughney, C. Meilhac & H. Zarour 2009 GNS Science Report 2009/02 May 2009. Prepared for Horizons Regional Council.

HM Waituna West Rural Water Scheme: Potential for Groundwater Supply Zarour, H. 2009 Internal Report

HM Section 42a report of Mr Hisham Ibrahim Sabri Zarour on behalf of Horizons Regional Council. Palmerston North:

Horizons Regional Council.

Zarour, H. 2009 Before the Hearings Panel: In the matter of hearings on submissions concerning the proposed One Plan notified by the Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council.

HM Section 42a report of Mr Peter Francis Callander on behalf of Horizons Regional Council. Palmerston North: Horizons

Regional Council.

Callander P. 2009 Before the Hearings Panel: In the matter of hearings on submissions concerning the proposed One Plan notified by the Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council.

MDC Linkwater catchment groundwater residence time, flow pattern and hydrochemistry trend commissioned by MDC & carried out by Uwe Morgenstern

(GNS Science)

2009 baseline water resource characterisation

CRC Arsenic, northern Canterbury plains Dave Evans 2009 internal file note

CRC Depth and Spatial Variation In Groundwater Chemistry - Central Canterbury Plains Hanson, C ; Abraham, P 2009 R09/39

CRC Groundwater Resources Associated With the Rakaia Riparian Sub-Area: Assessment of Technical And Allocation

Issues

Williams, H 2009 R09/43

CRC Hydrochemistry Of South Canterbury Tertiary Aquifers Burbery, Lee (Mr); Vincent, Craig (Mr) 2009 R09/34

CRC Review of contaminated sites with groundwater quality data 2009 no report

CRC GNS Science consultancy report on Groundwater age-dating in the Cannington Basin, September 2009 van der Raaij, Rob (Mr) 2009 unpublished external report

CRC support for project to improve crop models in the OVERSEER nutrient budget model 2009 no report

ES Assessment of Sensitive Environments Environment Southland 2009

ES Review of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Results from Heenan’s Corner nested Piezometer site Environment Southland 2009

CRC Vertical flow in Canterbury groundwater systems and its significance for groundwater management. Lough, H. & Williams, H. 2009 Environment Canterbury Technical Report U09/45, 69 p.

HBRC Ruataniwha Basin Modelling - A steady State Groundwater Model HBRC 2009 Baalousha, H , 2009, Ruataniwha Basin Modelling. A Steady Statte Groundwater Flow Model. Hawke’s Bay Regional Council - Environmental Management Group Technical Report, EMT 09/06. HBRC

Plan No. 4114. 41 p.HBRC Roys Hill Aquifer Recharge HBRC 2009 Gordon D A 2009. Roys Hills Aquifer Recharge Review. Hawkes Bay Regional Council, Environmental Management Group Technical Report. EMT 09/10

HBRC Plan Number 4128. 19p.

HBRC Groundwater - Surface Water Interactions along the Waipawa River, Ruataniwha Plains, Hawkes Bay Commissioned 2009 GNS Science Science Report 2009/37Undereiner G., White P.A, Meilhac C., 2009. Groundwater-Surface water interactions along the Waipawa river, Ruataniwha Plains, Hawkes Bay. GNS Science

Report 2009/37. 65 p.

HBRC A review of current groundwater management in Hawke's Bay and recommendations for the protection of aquatic

ecosystems

Commissioned 2009 NIWA Client Report HAM 2009-153Reid, D; Scarsbrook, M 2009. A review of current groundwater maangement in Hawke's Bay and recommendations for protection of groundwater ecosystems. Prepared

for Hawke's Bay Regional Council. NIWA Report No. HAM2009-153

HBRC Field Investigations of groundwater-surface water intereactions, Ruataniwha Plains Commissioned 2009 GNS Science Consultancy Report 2009/23Meilhac, C.; Reeves , R.R; Zemansky, G.; White, P.A.; Jebbour N. 2009. Field investigations of groundwater-surface water interactions, Ruataniwha Plains, GNS

Science Report 2009/23

HM Groundwater Resources in the Manawatu-Wanganui Region – Technical Report to Support Policy Development Zarour H. 2008 Internal Report - to Support Policy Development

HM Groundwater Management Options for the Proposed One Plan 2008 Draft Report

HM The Saline Interface of a Shallow Unconfined Aquifer, Rangitikei Delta Craig, D.S.A. 2008 MSc, Victoria University of Wellington.

MDC Omaka River Catchment Water Resources Technical Report compiled by Peter Davidson MDC 2008 water resource inventoryMDC Riverlands Groundwater Model and Aquifer Sustainability Assessment commissioned by MDC & carried out by Scott Wilson -

consultant

2008 potential impacts of abstraction on seawater interface

MDC Riverlands Aquifer Resource Review commissioned by MDC & carried out by Scott Wilson -

consultant

2008 water resource investigation

MDC Southern Springs Hydrology Review and Data Update compiled by Peter Davidson & Scott Wilson 2008 update of stream depletion information & calculations

MDC Deep Wairau Aquifer abstraction and level review compiled by Peter Davidson 2008 review effects of pumping on DWA levels

MDC Deep Wairau Aquifer isotope hydrology review compiled by GNS Science 2008 review effects of pumping using isotope tracers

MDC Deep Wairau Aquifer geochemistry review compiled by ESR 2008 review effects of pumping using chemical indicators

MDC Are Are Creek baseline hydrology report compiled by PDP Ltd 2008 water resource characteristaion

MDC Stream Depletion Report Stage 2 compiled by SKM Ltd 2008 measuring stream depletion parameters for predicting interaction from wells on flow

MDC Wairau Plain groundwater age and origin review commissioned by MDC & carried out by Mike Stewart & GNS

Science

2008 update interpretation of isotope tracers for footprinting water age & origin

MDC The Nature and Origin of Saline Groundwater in the Wairau Valley, Marlborough, New Zealand compiled by Henry McCarthy 2008 baseline water resource characterisation

CRC Clandeboye Ross Cressy, Carl Hanson 2008 internal file note

CRC Groundwater recharge in the Waipara basin Matt Dodson 2008 MSc thesis

CRC Hydrogeology of the Mackenzie Basin Kirsty Cooksey 2008 MSc thesis

ORC Multivariate Statistical Methods for Assessment of Groundwater Chemistry in the Waiareka and Deborah Aquifers,

Otago

Christopher J. Daughney 2008 Conceptual Groundwater Model

ES Balfour Nitrate Hotspot Report Environment Southland 2008

ES Management of Confined Aquifers in the Southland Region Environment Southland 2008

ES Surface Water and Groundwater Relationships in the Mataura Catchment Above Gore Environment Southland 2008

CRC Adaptive management of groundwater in the Rakaia- Selwyn Groundwater Allocation Zone Williams, H., Scott, D.M. & Bidwell, V. 2008 Environment Canterbury Technical Report R08/64, 93 p.

HBRC Nitrate in Groundwater in Hawke's Bay Region HBRC 2008 Larking, R. & Baalousha, H. 2008. Nitrate in Groundwater in Hawke's Bay Region. EMI 0727. HBRC Plan No. 3984

HBRC Twyford Consent Area – Groundwater Resource Report HBRC 2008 Harper, S 2008, Twyford Consent Area – Groundwater Resource Report, Hawke's Bay Regional Council - Environmental Management Group Technical Report. EMY 0901. HBRC Plan No. 4089. 37p.

HBRC Review of Investigations in the Ruataniwha basin Commissioned 2008 GNS Science Consultancy Report 2009/31Meilhac C, 2009, Envirolin - Review of Investigations in the Ruataniwha Basin. GNS Science Consultancy Report 2009/31. 30 p.

HBRC Envirolink – review of the Taharua River catchment monitoring programme Raiber M, 2008 GNS Science Consultancy Report 2008/350. 29p.

HBRC Twyford consent area resource report. Harper, S, 2008. 2008 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council plan, number 4089

HBRC Water Balance Model for Ruataniwha. Baalousha, H 2008 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council. Technical Report EMT 08/05

ARC Auckland Water Quantity Statement June 2005-May 2006 TP323 ARC 2007 Quantity Statement 2006

ARC Auckland Water Quantity Statement 2006/07 ARC 2007 Water Quantity Statement 2007

ARC Hydrogeological Characteristics and Numerical Modelling of the Western Springs and Onehunga Catchments ARC 2007 Western Springs, Catchment

ARC Hydrogeological Investigation of the Ostend and Onetangi catchments, Waiheke Island, New Zealand ARC 2007 Greywacke, Waiheke

HM Development of Water Management Zones in the Manawatu Wanganui Region – Technical Report to Support Policy

Development

McArthur,Roygard, Ausseil et al. 2007 Internal Report - to Support Policy Development

HM Levin Water Supply Upgrade Options Study 2007

HM Groundwater Source Evaluation Report Gyopari, M. 2007

HM Reconnassance Vertical Electrical Sounding Survery of the Rangitikei-Manawatu-Horowhenua Area Wilson S. 2007 Report prepared for Horizons Regional Council

MDC Technical Supporting Document - Wither Hills Vineyards Marlborough Ltd water permit application compiled by Peter Davidson MDC 2007 water resource investigation

MDC Flaxbourne Catchment Isotope Hydrology Report commissioned by MDC & carried out by Uwe Morgenstern

(GNS Science)

2007 baseline water resource characterisation

MDC Wairau Valley Aquifer Technical Report compiled by Peter Davidson 2007 baseline water resource characterisation

MDC Rarangi Shallow Aquifer Sustainability Report compiled by Scott Wilson 2007 potential impacts of abstraction on seawater interface & wetlands

CRC Ashley-Sefton area Phil Abraham 2007 internal file note

CRC Darfield / Kirwee groundwater sampling Phil Abraham 2007 internal file note

CRC Kaiapoi area Mike Thorley, Katie Bristow 2007 draft report only

CRC Review of disposal media used for domestic sewage discharge Murney, Paul (Mr); Hanson, Carl (Mr) 2007 U07/13

CRC Predictions of Virus movement in Canterbury alluvial aquifers Moore, Catherine (Ms) 2007 U07/72

ES Mid Mataura Groundwater Model Environment Southland 2007

HBRC REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK HBRC 2007 Baalousha, H. 2007. Review and Assessment of the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network. EMT 07/04. HBRC Plan No. 3966

HBRC Groundwater Quantity Monitoring Strategy 2007 - 2012 HBRC 2007 Brooks T. 2007. Groundwater Quantity Monitoring Strategy 2007 - 2012. EMI 0728, HBRC Plan No. 3985

HBRC Groundwater Quality Monitoring Strategy 2007 - 2012 HBRC 2007 Baalousha H. 2007. Groundwater Quality Monitoring Strategy 2007 - 2012. EMI 0727, HBRC Plan No. 3984

MDC Stream Depletion Report Stage 1 compiled by SKM Ltd 2006 measuring stream depletion parameters for predicting interaction from wells on flow

MDC Groundwater-Wairau River Interaction On The Wairau Plain compiled by Scott Wilson 2006 forecast of impacts of pumping on Wairau River flowCRC Groundwater Quality investigation of the Hinds Rangitata Plain Abraham, Phil (Mr); Hanson, Carl (Mr) 2006 U06/47

CRC Bacteria Contamination in Canterbury Groundwater Abraham, Phil (Mr); Hanson, Carl (Mr); Smith, Zella (Ms) 2006 R06/31

CRC Age Dating of Groundwater from the Ashburton Rakaia Plains Stewart, Mike K (Dr) 2006 unpublished external report

CRC Review of literature on viral transport from domestic sewage discharges and separation distances in the Proposed Moore, Catherine (Ms) 2006 U06/46

CRC Hydrogeology of the Hinds Rangitata Plain and the impacts of the Mayfield - Hinds irrigation Scheme James Dommisse 2006 MSc thesis

ORC Groundwater Allocation of the Ettrick Basin Otago Regional Council 2006 Ettrick Basin Water resources, water allocation, recharge to the aquifer, groundwater level trends, numerical groundwater modelling, groundwater management

ORC Groundwater Quality in Kingston and Glenorchy Otago Regional Council 2006 geology and physiography, climate and land use, groundwater occurrence and use, groundwater quality, coliform bacteria, nitrite-nitrate nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen and phosphate, iron, major chemical

constituentsORC Soil Guideline Values for Protection of Groundwater Quality Jo-Anne E Cavanagh 2006 contaminated unsaturated zone, uncontaminated saturated zone, saturated zone, soil guideline values and assumptions, searation of contamination and groundwater, alternative approaches for metals




CRC Relationships between groundwater pressures and lowland stream flows in the Lake Ellesmere area Williams, H & P Aitchison-Earl 2006 Environment Canterbury Technical Report No. U06/31, 25 p.

HBRC Heretaunga Steady-State Ground-Water Model Brooks T. . 2006 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council Environmental Management Group Technical report EMI 0408. HBRC Plan Number 3765.

ARC Auckland Water Quantity Statement June 2004-May 2005 TP300 ARC 2005 Quantity Statement 2005

HM Horowhenua Lakes: Assessment of Groundwater-Surface Water Interaction Gyopari, M. 2005 Prepared for: Horizons Regional CouncilHM Assessment of the seawater intrusion hazard in the Manawatu coastal aquifers and monitoring action plan Gyopari, M. 2005 Report prepared for Horizons Regional CouncilHM Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Chronology of Strata Encountered within Levin Groundwater Investigation Bore, Main

Road South, Levin

Glenn Hughs 2005 Report prepared for Horizons

HM Geological synopsis of the Manawatu - Horowhenua area for a review of the region's hydrogeology Begg J.G, Palmer A. and Gyopari M 2005 Client Report 2005/172

CRC Groundwater Quality Investigations Waitaki Basin Zella Smith and Phil Abraham 2005 internal file note

CRC Review of Environment Canterbury's quality monitoring programme Hanson, Carl (Mr) 2005 U05/70

CRC Age Dating of South Canterbury Groundwaters [Ashburton to Orari plains) Stewart, Mike K (Dr) 2005 U06/50CRC Land use history Ashburton District Plains Engelbrecht, Robert L (Mr) 2005 unpublished external report

CRC The Hydrogeology of the Upper Selwyn Catchment Craig Vincent 2005 MSc thesis

ORC Groundwater Allocation of the Alexandra Basin Gabor Bekesi 2005 groundwater-surface water interaction and allocation, sustainability and water resources, hydrogeology, groundwater monitoring, groundwater allocation, future potential options, the need for monitoring and

reviewing

ORC Water Balance Lower Manuherikia / Alexandra Groundwater Zone Craig Evans 2005 hydrogeology, aquifer properties, hydraulic conductivity, aquifer water balance

ES Hydrogeology of the Oreti Basin Environment Southland 2005

ES Northern Southland Groundwater Model Environment Southland 2005

ARC Auckland water resources quantity statement 2004 : surface water and groundwater resource information, allocation

and use TP229

ARC 2004 Quantity Statement 2004

ARC Auckland water resources quantity statement June 2003 - May 2004 : surface water and groundwater resource

information, availability, allocation and use TP249

ARC 2004 Quantity Statement 2004

ARC Hydrogeology and Groundwater Flow in a Coastal Aquifer System, Omaha, New Zealand. Thorley, M. ARC 2004 Waitemata, Aquifer

ARC Groundwater Flow Characteristics of a Low-Lying Coastal Aquifer System, Okahukura Peninsula, North Auckland.

University of Auckland

ARC 2004 Aquifer, North-West

ARC Water Demand Forecasting - Part A: North Auckland Region ARC 2004 Water demand, Omaha, Kumeu

HM Groundwater Allocation Methodology: Horowhenua and Manawatu McCarron, C. and Gyopari, M. 2004 Final

CRC Ashburton-Rakaia tapwater survey 2004 no report

CRC Hinds-Ashburton plain Carl Hanson, Phil Abraham 2004 report in prep

CRC Nitrate contamination observed in Environment Canterbury's annual groundwater survey Hanson, Carl (Mr) 2004 U04/79

CRC Nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Ashbuton Rakaia plains Hayward, S; Hanson, C 2004 R04/9

CRC Integrated modelling of land use impacts on groundwater quality on a regional scale Hong, Di; Cameron, Keith (Mr) 2004 U04/73

ORC Bendigo and Tarras Groundwater Investigation Sinclair Knight Merz 2004 Aquifer hydrogeology, hydrographs, piezometric, preliminary assessment of sustainable yield, existing and proposed groundwater takes, bore details,

ORC Bendigo and Tarras Groundwater Investigation sinclair knight merz 2004 regional geology, drillers borelogs, rainfall & evaporation, river flow and regime, current water abstraction consents, aquifer conceptualisation, groundwater levels, groundwater quality, surface water

quality, preliminary assessment of sustainable yield

ORC Waitaki Catchment Groundwater Information Sinclair Knight Merz 2004 Hydrogeological interpretation, Waitaki Catchment, Irrigation

ES Review of Environment Southland Groundwater Quality Monitoring Programme Environment Southland 2004

ARC North-West Auckland Water Resource Quantity Statement 2003 TP194 ARC 2003 Geothermal, Waitemata, North-West

ARC North-East Auckland Water Resource Quantity Statement 2003 TP195 ARC 2003 North-East, Auckland Water Quantity

HM Water Allocation Project – Ohau River – November 2003 Marianne Watson 2003

CRC Regional pesticide surveys over the period 1988 - 1997, plus quarterly sampling in Levels Plain area until 2003 2003 no report

CRC Coastal aquifer saltwater intrusion assessment guidelines Aitchison-Earl, Philippa et al. 2003 R04/18

CRC Microbial quality of water in the vadose zone below dairy pasture waterd usng spray irrigation Noonan, Mike; Close, Murray; Bright, John 2003 unpublished external report

CRC Depth variations in nitrate concentrations in Central Canterbury Plains groundwater Mabin, Mark (Mr) 2003 U03/75

CRC Discharge of nitrate nitrogen to groundwater from land use activities : recommendations for a permitted activity rule Cameron, K; Francis, G; Bidwell, V; Hong, D 2003 U03/27

ES Waimea Plains Piezometric Survey Environment Southland 2003

HBRC Ruataniwha Plains Groundwater Model. Phase 2 Visual MODFLOW version. Model Refinement and Revised water

balance calibration

Phreatos Groundwater Research and Consulting 2003 Report prepared for Hawke's Bay Regional Council.

HBRC Ruataniwha Plains Water Resource Investigations Hawke’s Bay Regional Council 2003 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council Plan No. 3254.

CRC Christchurch / West Melton groundwater quality : a review of groundwater quality monitoring data from January 1986 to

March 2002

Hayward, Shirley (Ms) 2002 U02/47

CRC Nitrate concentrations in Canterbury groundwater : a review of existing data Hanson, Carl (Mr) 2002 R02/17

CRC Standard procedures for worst case modelling assessment of contaminant transport in groundwater Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd 2002 R02/10

CRC An assessment of the potential risk of groundwater contamination from land use activities in the Christchurch / West

Melton recharge zone

Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd 2002 U02/49

CRC Assessment of likely causes of microbial contamination of shallow wells in the Morven-Glenavy area, South Canterbury Close, Murray 2002 U02/36

CRC The impact of grazing animals on microbial quality of groundwater in Canterbury : a review Sheat, Alistair (Mr); Close, Murray (Mr); Saville, Dave (Mr);

Noonan, M

2002 U02/15

CRC Review of Environment Canterbury's rules for permitted sewage effluent discharges Moore, Catherine (Ms); Brough, Andrew (Mr) 2002 U02/16

HBRC Ruataniwha Plain Water Management Stage 1: Potential Irrigation Demand Lincoln Environmental 2002 Lincoln Environmental Report No. 4477/2 prepared for Hawke’s Bay Regional Council.

HBRC Modelling Ruataniwha Plains Groundwater. Murray, D. L.July 2002 Report prepared for Hawke's Bay Regional Council.

HBRC Recalibration of the Ruataniwha Plains Groundwater Model. Murray, D. L. 2002 Report prepared for Hawke's Bay Regional Council. September 2002.

CRC South Canterbury groundwater 2001 no report

CRC Documentation of the DISPSOLV package for worst case modelling of contaminant transport in groundwater Scott, D 2001 U01/106

CRC Age and source of Canterbury Plains groundwater Trompetter, Vanessa (Ms); van der Raay, Rob (Mr); Stewart,

Mike (Mr)

2001 U02/30

CRC Standard procedures for worst case modelling assessment of contaminant transport in groundwater Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd 2001 R02/10

CRC Methods for the management of Nitrogen loading rates from animal effluent onto land Lincoln Environmental Ltd 2001 U01/65

CRC Review of community water supply protection zone rules Moore, C 2001 U01/104

ORC Taieri Plain Groundwater Model - Report on Contract Research for the Otago Regional Council Murray D & Edge B - University of Otago 2001 Taieri Catchment, drought, groundwater levels, wells, lakes, rivers, drains, rainfall recharge, inflows, hydrogeology

HBRC Subsurface Geology of the Ruataniwha Plains and Relation to Hydrology. Francis D. 2001 Technical report: Geological Research Ltd, Lower Hutt. New Zealand. HBRC Plan No. 3060.

ARC North Pukekohe Hill Structure Plan - Franklin District Council ARC 2000 Pukekohe, Franklin

CRC Arsenic contamination of soil and groundwater in Kaikoura associated with historic sheep farming practices Smith, Vivienne (Dr); Hayward, Shirley (Ms) 2000 U00/86

CRC Hydrogeology of the Waipara alluvial basin Phoebe Loris 2000 MSc thesis

ORC Groundwater Potential for Water Supply in Selected Areas of the Clutha District - Stage 1 Report 10 July 2000 Irricon Consulting and C R Hanson Limited 2000 Aquifers, groundwater quality, groundwater supplies, West Otago, Tokomairiro, Clydevale, Greenfield, Waipahi, Clinton Kuriwao, Paretai, Owaka

ORC Modelling Lower Taieri Plain Groundwater Edge B 2000 Groundwater, Thesis, Taieri catchment,

ORC Modelling Stream-Groundwater Interactions in the Kakanui Valley North Otago Facer S C 2000 Thesis, university of otago, Kakanui River, Waitaki Region, research, aquifer

ORC Otago's Groundwater Resource Otago Regional Council 2000 Location of Primary Aquifers, aquifer geology, aquifer monitoring and reporting, goundwater use and water balance, groundwater level or proessure, groundwater quality, groundwater management

HBRC Nitrate in Hawke’s Bay: A review of Current Understanding - an issues and options approach HBRC 2000 Sevicke-Jones, G. 2000. Nitrate in Hawke’s Bay: A review of Current Understanding - an issues and options approach. EMT 00/06. HBRC Plan No. 2948

CRC A model of groundwater vulnerability to Nitrate from grazed pasture Bidwell, Vince (Mr) 1999 U99/92

CRC Groundwater modelling of viral and bacterial transport from on site sewage disposal Moore, Catherine (Ms) 1999 U99/86

CRC Literature review on viruses from sewage and their transport in groundwater Moore, Catherine (Ms) 1999 U99/85

CRC Monitoring the effects of land-use change on inputs to groundwater : linear lysimeter construction and testing Lincoln Environmental Ltd 1999 U99/93

CRC Offal and carcass disposal by burial and associated groundwater quality risks Moore, Catherine (Ms) 1999 U99/87

CRC Preliminary modelling results regarding septic tank discharges Moore, Catherine (Ms) 1999 U99/83

CRC Review of field data of bacteria transport in Canterbury groundwater Moore, Catherine (Ms) 1999 U99/84

HBRC Ruataniwha Plains Conceptual Hydrogeological Model Commissioned 1999 Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd. 1999. Ruataniwha Plains Conceptual Hydrogeological Model, Prepared for Hawke's Bay Regional Council. EMT 99/3. HBRC Plan No. 2808

HBRC Review of groundwater resources in the unconfined aquifer of the Heretaunga Plains: Luba, L. 1999 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council report

CRC Groundwater contamination in the Heathcote/Woolston area, Christchurch, New Zealand Ingrid Hertel 1998 MSc thesis

CRC Nitrogen inputs at land surfaces and groundwater quality : a bibliography of New Zealand publications Lincoln Environmental Ltd 1997 U97/47

CRC Nitrogen inputs at land surfaces and groundwater quality : notes from a Christchurch workshop on 15 August Lincoln Environmental Ltd 1997 U97/51

HBRC Ruataniwha Plains Groundwater research 1996-1998. 1996/97 Interim Report. Dravid, D and Cameron S. 1997 Technical Report No. EMI 9704. Hawke's Bay Regional Council.

HBRC Heretaunga Plains Groundwater Study, volume 1: findings: Dravid, P.N. and Brown, L.J., 1997 Hawke’s Bay Regional Council, ISBN 1-877174-02-5.

ARC Assessment of the Warm Water Resource at Whitford, Auckland ARC 1987 Whitford, Groundwater

ARC Waitangi Catchment Water Resource Survey Preliminary Water Allocation/Management Plan WR29 ARC 1983 Waitangi, Catchment


Appendix H: MSI Projects

ID Contract Title Provider Project end Science

Leader

Primary end users Outcome benefits and location

of research

Contract summary

C01X1003 Framework for

interoperable models

NIWA 2010/2013 Dr Sandy

Elliot

Regional Councils National Water resources modelling is a key tool for environmental planning and management in New Zealand, particularly in relation to effects of land use and land management

on water resources. As a result there has been an increase in the last ten years in the number of models available for the prediction of water quality and quantity. While

the new models may represent significant advances for environmental management, most of these models have acknowledged limitations or constraints and, there

remains confusion about how the range of freshwater models fit together.

C01X1005 Management of

cumulative stressors

NIWA 2010/2016 Dr Malcolm

Green

Department of Conservation,

Fish & Game NZ, Iwi/hapu

groups, MfE, MAF, MFisheries,

Regional councils

National, research areas are

Otago - Manuherikia catchment;

Horizons - Manawatu; Central

Hawkes Bay District Council -

Tukituki River; Waikato–South

Auckland; ECAN

Despite best-management practices on the land designed to mitigate the generation of contaminants, laudable industry initiatives such as the Clean Streams Accord,

community involvement, and development of regional water quality standards, diffuse-source pollutants (such as sediments, nutrients and pesticides) associated with

landuse intensification and change are still taking a toll on freshwater and estuarine ecosystems. This not only damages ecosystem integrity but also has the potential to

limit economic growth through impairing the natural services and functions that ecosystems provide to society. In response, we aim to develop knowledge and science-

based tools for better management of aquatic ecosystems. A central focus will be on determining contaminant load limits for receiving water bodies, which we view as

an effective and appropriate way of reducing cumulative effects, which is a key challenge for resource managers. We will also address interactions between multiple

contaminant stressors, since they rarely occur in isolation, and ecosystem “tipping points”, which management needs to be able to recognise.

C01X1006 Waterscape NIWA 2010/2013 Dr Ross

Woods

Hydropower Companies,

irrigation industry, MfE,

regional councils

National, research area is

Hawkes Bay Regional Council.

The primary objective of this Waterscape programme is to develop a scientific basis for the integrated management of surface water and groundwater, especially in

water-limited regions of New Zealand. With this knowledge, key practical questions such as “how much water is available?”, “how will water allocation decisions affect

the distribution of water in space and time?”, and “how will water resources be affected by climate and land use changes?” can be answered. This work will develop

knowledge and tools to assess the impacts on surface and groundwater resources of different uses and of land use activity. The research is driven by the needs of

regional councils, iwi, central government, and industry partners – we are working with partners from all these sectors to ensure that our research contributes to

effective water management in New Zealand.

C03X1001 Groundwater

assimilative capacity

ESR 2010/2013 Dr Murray

Close

Environment Canterbury and

Southland; Environment

Waikato, MAF, MfE, all

regional and district councils


Taupo and Canterbury

Our research aims to identify the assimilative capacity of New Zealand groundwater systems for nitrogen and microbes, with some additional exploratory work on P, and

demonstrate how this knowledge can be embodied in tools that can be used by decision-makers for policy to manage land and water resources. The assimilative capacity

defines the contaminant load that can safely be allowed without violating particular thresholds, such as drinking water standards or ecological limits of groundwater-fed

surface waters. Newly gained local scale process understanding will provide the basis for knowledge transfer and integration at the sub-catchment and aquifer scale and

the development of tools that describe the cumulative effects of contaminants.

C05X1002 Tracer validation of

hydrological systems

GNS 2010/2013 Dr Chris

Daughney

Environment Bay of Plenty,

MfE

National, research area is Lake

Rotorua.

Groundwater accounts for roughly 40% of New Zealand’s consumptive water use and is essential for environmental integrity, cultural identity, social well-being and

economic productivity (total asset value of our groundwater is ca. $30b). However, limits of sustainable allocation and/or capacities to assimilate pollutants have already

been exceeded in many of the nation’s aquifers. Stakeholders are calling for improved water management strategies, and there is consensus that improved management

must stem from better understanding of the groundwater resource itself.

C09X1003 Freshwater values,

monitoring & outcomes

LCR 2010/2013 Dr Suzie

Greenhalgh

District Councils, industry

sectors, Maori organisations,

MfE, MAF, NGOs, Regional

councils

National; hui at

Waikato/Manawatu/Mataura

Our goal is to design a series of tools that allow us to manage water resources more efficiently, more transparently, more responsively and with less conflict, thereby

increasing the benefits that flow from them. We will do this by bringing together new knowledge to address three key barriers to effective decision-making: 1) Failure to

understand and balance competing resource demands when defining agreed outcomes [values] 2) Significant gaps between data collection and the ability to report

progress against agreed outcomes [monitoring] 3) Lack of tools to consistently reflect, evaluate and communicate a decision’s effectiveness and subsequently adapt

decisions [decision-making]

C10X1006 Clean water, productive

land

AGR 2010/2013 Dr Richard

McDowell

Ballance Agri-Nutrients Ltd,

Dairy NZ, Dairy Insight, Dexcel,

Fert Research, MAF, MfE,

regional councils


Kaipara, Manawatu, Upper

Taieri, Toenepi

New Zealand's rural industries, Māori, and local and central government require scientifically-sound information and tools on which to base policy and industry guidelines

for the management of New Zealand’s rural landscape to achieve water quality goals. Central to this aim is the prediction of contaminant loads or concentrations in a

catchment relative to a baseline. This requires knowledge of where and when contaminants originate from so that land can be managed to achieve water quality that is

fit for purpose (e.g. swimming or Mahinga kai). Our hypothesis is that approximately 80% of the contaminants (defined as nutrients, sediment and faecal microbes) come

from 20% of the land. If these areas, termed critical source areas, can be isolated and appropriately managed, mitigation of contaminant impacts will be achieved at a

fraction of the cost of applying mitigation across an entire catchment.

MAUX1002 Integrated freshwater

solutions

MAU 2010/2013 Associate

Professor

Marjan van

den Belt

All regional, district and

unitary councils, DoC,

Fonterra, MfE, Muaupoko

Tribal authority, NZFF, NZF&G,

Ngati Raukawa IwiAll other

regional councils

National This project aims to generate a significant shift in how freshwater ecosystems are managed in New Zealand. Given the range of diverse interests in fresh water

(environmental, economic, social and cultural), it is important that environmental managers and their stakeholders have the information and tools to; adequately assess

resources; understand unintended and long term systemic consequences of anthropogenic activities on fresh water resources and; adapt to future changes in fresh

water resource availability. In this project we will develop an innovative management toolkit that provides environmental managers and their stakeholders with the

capacity to engage in effective, reliable, inclusive and adaptive decision making processes for fresh water. By 2013, we will have demonstrated the efficacy of this tool by

assisting Horizons Regional Council to facilitate a pathway to pro-actively manage the freshwater resources of the Manawatu River catchment. Implementation of the

toolkit by HRC will provide the blue print for a process that be replicated in other regions.C05X1102 Smart aquifer

characterisation

GNS 2011/2017 Dr Chris

Daughney

All district, regional and

unitary council offiers, Iwi and

Maori Groups, Land

Information New Zealand

(LINZ), MfE, MAF

National, research areas to be

determined after consultation

with stakeholders

New Zealand’s groundwater resources are extremely valuable but poorly understood. The national groundwater resource is valued at $25 billion. Groundwater provides

50% of the nation’s consumptive water use and 80% of water used in agriculture. Future consumptive use of groundwater will increase because surface water is already

fully allocated in many catchments. Groundwater also provides base flow to rivers, streams, springs and lakes, which are vital to the tourism industry and central to the

cultural and recreational values of New Zealanders. Despite the importance of our groundwater resources, we still lack essential information related to their basic

properties. Water management decisions have to be made without knowledge of groundwater volumes, flow rates and directions, or extent of interaction with surface

water. As a conservative estimate, better understanding of groundwater resources could lead to improvements in water management with potential to prevent social,

cultural, environmental and economic losses of $1 billion or more, about 1% of New Zealand’s GDP. Understandably, central and regional government has identified

improved characterisation of groundwater resources as a top research priority.

ALNC1102 WaterWheel Aqualinc 2011/2014 Dr John Bright Agriculture Sector, City

Councils, District councils,

Regional councils, electricity

generators, environmental

NGOs, food and fibre

processing industries,

government ministries,

Irrigation NZ, Iwi/hapu,

recreational water users

National This program will transform limit-setting for freshwater by integrating the research into regional water plan development. This will enable land and water users to view

themselves as water managers in a collective manner, that will take account of the limits agreed by the community and incorporated in the plan.

UOWX0505 Freshwater Restoration

OBI

University

of

Waikato

2005/2015 Professor

David

Hamilton

Environmental consultancies,

commercial operators, district

and regional councils, and

national agencies such as

Department of Conservation

and Ministry for the

Environment; local community

groups, Fish and Game

National, research areas Waikato

Region and Rotorua lakes.

Aims are: 1. Restore indigenous biodiversity in New Zealand lakes by developing new models and technologies to effectively manage harmful algal blooms by 2015; and

2. Restore indigenous biodiversity in New Zealand lakes by developing new pest fish management and control technologies by 2015.


Appendix I :Draft version 26/06/2013W

QL

/WQ

N

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,

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Comments (for key to abbreviations used in columns, refer to last page)

WQ

L

3 1-2

Groundwater Flow Patterns, Recharge Sources and

Catchments

Management of nitrogen in groundwater, setting of nutrient

budgets

Specialist soil / vadose zone and

groundwater modelling and monitoring

A H H L L M 2 LA-11 What is time lag between land use and its effect on groundwater and streams; how deep does nitrate contamination extend into a given aquifer? Aquifersim model

WQ

L

4 2-1

In the Canterbury Plains and valley aquifers what is the

time lag between land use and its effect on streams?

Allocation of groundwater nutrient allowance; timing of

cumulative qualitry effects, the nitrogen 'bomb'



K H H N L M 2 LA-13 Probably a national-scale issue, when and at what degree of intensive landuse are the nutrient enrichment effects unsustainable to maintain ecological targets in streams? Nitrate inhibitor issues in

groundwater. While inhibitors have been found in milk, users of groundwater may benefit from re-assurance that these compounds or their breakdown products are not a risk to health as determined from

their concentration and longevity in groundwater.

WQ

L

5 1-3

In Canterbury does groundwater contribute phosphorus

(or dissolved organic carbon) to spring-fed streams?

What are the controls of phosphorus in groundwater? Specialist soil / vadose zone and


A H M N L M 2 If plants in streams are phosphorus-limited, what is the future for them if increased phosphorus is likely in groundwater? Does phosphorus leach to groundwater and does groundwater contribute

phosphorus to spring-fed streams?

WQ

L

6 1-2

Irrigation effciency and nutrient management Management of nitrogen in groundwater, setting of catchment

nutrient budgets



A H M N L M 2 LVLX1202 Will increased irrigation efficiency lead to increased nitrate concentrations; will inefficient irrigation result in decreased concentrations? Increased efficiency should increase proportion of nitrogen taken up

by plant growth. However, greater storage of nitrogen in soil may get released during rainfall events.

WQ

L

8 2-3

Microbe Transport beneath and down-gradient of

intensive farming

Effective management of stocking ratios, irrigation protocols

and set back down-gradient of farms

Specialist pathogen modelling and monitoring K H H N L M 2 CAWX0904,

C03X1001

What are safe separation distances between discharges and wells? Does microbial contamination go deeper with time as farming becomes more intensive?

WQ

L

10 1-1

Nitrate leaching rates from agricultural land Improved look up tables to be used by both consent holders

and managers



K H H N L M 2 There is a continuous need for improvement in the precision and accuracy of leaching rates from different land uses witth a view to updating nitrate leaching lookup tables for use in software such as

Overseer.

WQ

L

14 1-2

Quantifying lag times for peak nitrate concentrations Nutrient management Analysis of water budget, flow monitoring

and water quality data, water dating

A H H N L M 2 AQ-1 The lag time in United Kingdom has been referred to as the nitrate time bomb, are the aquifer parameters and land uses in New Zealand similar enough to warrant further investigation?.

WQ

L

16 1-2

Setting N limits for sensitive zones / aquifers to populate

Sched. 17

Nutrient management Soil science, hydrogeology, modelling A H H N L M 1 AQ-8 Likely to represent a national interest, how much development can a previously undeveloped area withstand without in-stream values and other measures becoming compromised?

WQ

L

17 1-5

Vadose zone denitrification rates above sandy gravel

aquifers

Nutrient management Specialist soil / vadose zone and


K H H N L M 1 LA-9 Sandy gravel aquifers have little nutrient reduction capacity

WQ

L

18 1-5

Occurrence and likely extent of contaminant

transformation (particularly nitrogen)

Nutrient management Specialist soil / vadose zone and


K H H N L M 2 LA-9 New Zealand vadose groundwater zone conditions

WQ

L

19 1-5

Refinements of methods to confirm time lags involved in

contaminant migration through the groundwater system

(involving tracers such as tritium)

limit setting/effects monitoring Specialist soil / vadose zone and


K H H N L M 2 C03X1001,

LA-9

New Zealand vadose groundwater zone conditions

WQ

L

20 1-2

Development of predictive models of diffuse contaminant

transport



A H H N L M 2 C01X1003 Need to account for lag and transformation of nitrogen species while considering uncertainty.

WQ

L

21 1-6

Development of decision support mechanisms from an

endpoint perspective.

limit setting Monitoring, modelling T H M N L M 2 CAWX1111,

C01X0308,

LA-3

Decision support, linking to socio-economic considerations for groundwater quality target-setting by looking back up the catchment to enable realistic land use constraints to be imposed.

WQ

L

23 2-3

Methods to understand the relative contribution and

importance of shallow groundwater flux to surface

waters

limit setting/effects monitoring Monitoring, modelling K H H N L M 1 Issues relating to the relative significance of flow and underflow, sometimes called whole hydrograph fingerprinting.

WQ

L

24 1-2

Time lags – how to model/quantify groundwater quality

effects associated with land use (travel times)



A H H N L M 2 LA-9 Staged approach: Intial advice grant to scope out what the research questions are? For example, what does current groundwater quality represent in terms of land use? The Spydia trial has scale

limitations. IRAP work by ESR, Plant & Food (has this been fully reported?). Attenuation and lag times are two separate but related issues, can one separate attenuation from lag time? Work in Lake

Taupo and Rotorua Lakes helps to define gaps in knowledge. Nitrogen focus; denitrification effects indicate there are mixed redox states in the same aquifer. Lag is simpler to model than attenuation.

How to apply spatially and temporally. SoE trends (quality & quantity) – what does data mean in terms of land use change?

WQ

L

/WQ

25 6-1

Hydraulic fracturing or 'fracking': minimising its quality

and quantity effects on groundwater and associated

Petroleum industry Petroleum drilling, drilling technology,

consenting

K H M N L M E Much Australian, UK and US reporting available, awaiting PCE to complete reporting. Wait for the PCE report before identifying research areas; individual councils may have to deal with consent

applications in the meantime (e.g. Hawkes Bay) Groundwater input into policy regarding coal seam and shale gas exploration and development. While hydraulic fracturing at the well site may soon

WQ

L

26 2-5

18O signatures in rainfall and how variable they are with

time and location; do they evolve in the soil zone?

Identifying recharge sources, security of groundwater quality Isotope and trace element monitoring,

analysis and interpretation

K H M N L S 1 LA-11 Refinement of existing methods which are quite old; more understanding of soil processes needed and how to deal with spatial and temporal variability? Also, range of altitudes will affect signatures. Huge

variability on events of scale/altitude/temperature. Two recent ECan reports developed by R van der Raaij. Need to understand influences. University of Canterbury MSc thesis for the Christchurch area

completed recently.

WQ

L

WQ

N

32 3-2

Methods to determine sustainable yield to avoid

saltwater intrusion

Water quantity limit setting in coastal and near-coastal aquifer

systems

Monitoring, geochemistry, modelling T H M N L S 2 GN-7 National tool for capture zone determination to calculate likelihood of saline intrusion.

WQ

L W

QN

33 3-2

Coastal issues associated with development Contamination of small coastal aquifers by septic systems and

saline intrusion

Monitoring, modelling T H M N L S E Reduced infiltration resulting from urban development, coupled with increased risk of nutrients from individual septic systems

WQ

N

WQ

L

36 1-2

Integrated national standards for aquifer safe yield &

groundwater quality

Certainty for users & regulators with less ambiguous processes Broad integrated understanding of national

catchment management objectives & science

outputs

A H M N N M E ALNC1102,

C01X0304,

C05X1109

The big question: how much is too much? (Use and nutrients) CLUES project

WQ

N

WQ

L

39 7-7

Development of a best practice groundwater monitoring

and reporting strategy

Assist in making monitoring and reporting water quantity and

quality consistent across all regions

Knowledge of best practice monitoring and

reporting

T H M N L M E C05X0906 Actually, a national-scale issue (NGMP), especially in small regions that do not have in-house resources.

WQ

N

WQ

L

41 1-4

Age determination and irrigation signatures Determine effects of irrigation on water quality and return water

estimation

Isotope and trace geochemistry, modelling K H M N L M E Marlborough had a small advice grant with ESR about this; literature review completed but needs money for experiments

WQ

N

WQ

L

42 2-7

Potential effects on surface and groundwater quality

from abstraction

Nutrient limit setting (with SWIM) Monitoring, modelling, geochemistry K H M N L M 2 C01X0308 Abstraction leads to changes in water quality as flows in rivers decline.

WQ

N

WQ

L

43 1-7

Contribution of groundwater during baseflow and its

impacts on surface water quality

Nutrient management, what is a fair upper limit? Monitoring, modelling, geochemistry G H M N L M 2 GN-2 Various models are used. Water quality aspect issues complicated by differing quality standards between groundwater and surface water. Useful to examine the NZDWS standard for NO3, is it out-dated?

WQ

N

46 7-5

Isotope measures of effective aquifer recharge rates To verify safe yield & checking consent allocation rates Knowledge of time-dependent change of

groundwater age with depth

K H M N L M 1 AQ-12, GN-

5

Similar to work recently completed in the Christchurch area.

WQ

N/

WQ

N

47 2-1

Lagged effects of landuse on groundwater Aquifer sensitivity to landuses & effectiveness of management

tools

Monitoring and models to predict rates of

change

K H H N L M 2 Time-dependency of relationship between land use change and groundwater quality change not fully appreciated.

WQ

N

48 2-3

Integrated management of rivers, stormwater &

groundwater

Conjunctive management (quality and quantity) Specialist modelling & catchment flow

process skills

K H H N L M 2 AQ-13 Treating the resource as an integrated unit (conjunctive management), including urban stormwater.

WQ

N

50 12-1

Understanding GW-SW exchange and water

sources/flux at a temporal and spatial level

Stream depletion and aquifer discharge management Knowledge of local geology and aquifer

properties, possible modelling, geochemistry

T H M N L M 1 C01X0308 Multidisciplinary project to determine the ways in which SW and GW interact both in time and space.

WQ

N

51 12-1

Refining catchment boundaries Water allocation issues Topographic analysis, and where not

appropriate, knowledge of groundwater flow

T H M N L M 1 Topographic analysis is straightforward for non-fan aquifer systems. Fan systems have subtle topographic variation and groundwater does not always movein a manner that corresponds with topography.

WQ

N

52 2-1

Correlation of channel lysimeter results to soil-moisture

modelling tools such as SPASMO, Rushton, etc.

Answers to specific question relating to irrigation return water,

nutrient management

Soil science, lysimetry, modelling K H H N L M 2 LVLX1202 Managment of nutrients and water allocation is best served by having trustworthy tools to measure the water and nutrients that leave the soil.

WQ

N

53 13-2

Surface water groundwater interaction and potential to

offset seasonal peak demand

Provide more effective allocation Monitoring, modelling K H M N L M 2 Knowing the time lag between cause and effect might allow a more active (adaptive) management of the combined resource.

Elemental Geoconsulting Limited Page 1 App_I_Groundwater Science Research Questions.xlsx


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WQ

N

54 7-3

Opportunities to augment supply through a range of

storage options and artificial aquifer recharge

Provide options for more effective allocation and remediation of

cumulative effects.

K H M N L M 2 Surface storage is not always the most appropriate option, MAR may provide beneficial effects at the time they are needed.

WQ

N

55 12-1

Developing allocation models which include economic

mechanisms

Limit setting with both environmental and economic drivers Farm economics, modelling, catchment

management issues

T H M N L M 1 ALNC1102 Under scarcity, water becomes more valuable and there is an argument that the resource should be consented with economics in mind. Wheel of water program by Aqualinc not entirely the solution.

WQ

N

64 12-2

Quantification of river losses/gains and spring

losses/gains

Essential for understanding the water balance to manage

resources for allocation; understanding flow paths, rates

Thermal and isotope,monitoring and

modelling

K H M N L M 2 GN-1, GN-5 Some IGNS work under way by Paul White and others

WQ

N

66 7-9

How to quantify water use when no water use data exist Water allocation issues Monitoring, modelling T H M N L M 1 Need to collate best practice on crops and validate soil moisture models with metering data. Metering data set is still patchy although meters are being rolled out as required. Could be several years

before good metering data available.

WQ

N

68 7-9

Crop and water demand schedules Rationalise water allocation Modelling and analysis T H M N L M 1 LVLX1202 Water allocation generally based on a knowledge of evapotranspiration losses but some crops vary from the usual pasture and grapes in their need for water.

WQ

N

69 7-1

Recharge through low permeability soils – how to

quantify?

Water allocation issues Monitoring, fieldwork, modelling K H M N L M E Essential for understanding the water balance to inform resource management. ECan hopes to commission work this year on loess soils with samples in cores for centrifuge permeameter testing. ESR’s

work at Burnham using warm water and rhodamine provides conflicting advice. Ties in with need for more information on time lags and attenuation.

WQ

N

75 12-1

Groundwater/Surface Water Interaction Answers to specific questions Understanding of GW/SW interaction T H M N L M 2 C01X1006 National issue

WQ

N

76 7-6

Delineation of recharge zones and rate of groundwater

flow

Answers to specific questions Understanding of GW Recharge/Discharge

and Flow Rate, Modelling

K H M N L M 2 C01X0304 National issue

WQ

L

2 2-1

Canterbury Plains Groundwater-Surface Water

Interaction

Management of agricultural nitrogen and its passage into

surface waterways



K M H N L M 2 C01X1006 Does all of the nitrate leached from the soils in a catchment end up in the spring-fed streams? Is some nitrate carried offshore with deep groundwater flow? Is nitrate lost through denitrification over long

groundwater flow paths from the upper plains and, or in anoxic groundwater of coastal lowlands? Do inputs from deep groundwater (alpine river recharge) dilute nutrient concentrations in lowland streams?

How much nitrate do alpine rivers receive from groundwater (Rangitata, Waimakariri)?

WQ

L

7 1-2

Upper Waitaki Catchment: Geochemical studies Management of nitrogen in relatively unaltered environment Specialist soil / vadose zone and


A M M N L M E AQ-8 Assessment and prognosis for water quality in small streams and rivers such as: Wairepo, Willowburn, Omarama streams and lower Tekapo River

WQ

N

85 9-3

Remodelling of groundwater system beneath the

Hetetaunga Plains

Improved water allocation and management Modelling, monitoring A M M L M 1 Sustainable management requires a more precise water budget and predictions.

WQ

L

1 3-6

DNA & aquifer invertebrate (stygofauna) biology as a

barometer of aquifer health

Do stygofauna maintain groundwater quality (ecosystem

services), can they be used to identify contamination sources?

Evolving area of science, few providers A M M N L S 2 Some evidence to suggest that stygofauna play a role in 'cleaning up' groundweater contaminated by bacteria and nutrients. If their role is confirmed, should stygofauna be protected? Are they declining or

increasing?

WQ

L

9 3-1Production of groundwater vulnerability maps National maps indicating need for protection from land use Analysis of monitoring data and geology,

water age

A M M N L S E Maps showing depth to groundwater, redox conditions (occurrence of nitrate, arsenic and iron), presence of confining layers.

WQ

L

11 3-1

Contaminated Sites: Does contamination threaten

Christchurch groundwater?

Pro-active management of Christchurch groundwater suppply Analysis of monitoring data and geology A M M L S 1 Is there a threat from existing and decommissioned industrial bores, past landfills?

WQ

L

12 2-2

Determining the source and relative proportion of

contaminants

Identifying management issues relating to existing and future

contamination

Analysis of monitoring data and geology K M M N L M 1 Determination of sources and drivers of suspended sediment, nutrients, heavy metals, bacteria in Southland’s water bodies (GW, SW, coastal lagoons, estuaries)

WQ

L

13 2-7

Establishing the nutrient and sediment loads to receiving

environments, especially coastal lagoons, estuaries and

lowland lakes

Identifying management issues relating to existing and future

contamination

Analysis of flow monitoring and water quality

data

K M H N L M 1 Management of coastal lakes and lagoons is important to Southland; knowing the contaminant budget is a significant part of the management issue. See also 84

WQ

L

15 4-1

Establishing reference state conditions for water quality

networks in different land management units or

catchments

Establishing and maintaining sufficient water quality sites to

ensure SOE is adequately described.

GIS, analysis of monitoring record, statistics A M M N L S 1 Likely to represent a national interest

WQ

L

22 2-6

Migration and attenuation of microbial pathogens to

protect water supplies - field confirmation of theoretical

studies

NES / effects assessment Specialist soil / vadose zone and


A M M N L M 1 AQ-1,

C03X1001,

GN-10

There have been many laboratory and field studies, but little in the way of monitoring of actual working wastewater disposal systems.

WQ

L

27 3-4

Epidemiological effects of bacteria in groundwater –

what is the link?

Public health, drinking water supply security Bacteriological monitoring, identification. K M M N L M E C03X1001,

GN-7

How much effort should we place on monitoring of bacteria and what interventions (if any) should the council consider? Public Health collates incidence information; ESR and Cawthron have faecal tracking

analyses but these are not detailed enough; ESR has done work in S Canterbury on the Morven Glenavy scheme to tie incidents to flood irrigation, similar to Hinds work by Dommisse.

WQ

L

28 2-6

Dispersion of contaminants from continuing sources

rather than slug sources

A M M N L M 1 C03X0702 Water quality management and planning (the monitoring information doesn’t match up with slug test data and modelling). ECan has tried to analyse the data from meat works. ESR’s work at Burnham using

warm water and rhodamine provides conflicting advice. Ties in with John Hadfield's summary of time lags and attenuation.

WQ L 29 3-3 Tritium, oxygen and water chemistry models K M M N L S 2 Isotopes and water chemistry together can help determine how water budgets work (refer to van der Raaij's work in Canterbury, also Stewart's paper for Christchurch.

WQ

L

WQ

N

34 8-1

Sea level rise and small coastal aquifer systems Saline intrusion and water quantity issues Monitoring, modelling T M M L M E GN-7 Sea level rise will allow landward migration of interface, increase coastal groundwater levels, potentially increase risk of saline intrusion into deep coastal wells.

WQ

N

WQ

L

35 4-2

Groundwater Resource Management - Gap Analysis

and Review of Horizons GW Management

Tool Development Resource management, databases,

understanding of GW Program and future

needs

A M M L N M E Likely a national issue in that many smaller regions have few resources and need to know that they are monitoring sufficiently to review allocation when it is needed. Amy Shears (Horizons Project Co-

ordinator)/Abby Matthews/Brent Watson

WQ

N

WQ

L

37 3-2

Optimal fractured rock aquifer recharge estimation

techniques for use in determining groundwater allocation

and nitrate transport

Water land nutrient allocation in fractured rock aquifers Rock mechanics, hydrogeology, experiments T M M N L M E Some commonality with MBIE Waterscape Programme and on-going high country experiments.

WQ N

38 11-1

Report which prioritises Gisborne's future research

requirements

Prioritising work requirements Understanding of existing data and needs T M L L M E Actually, a national-scale issue, especially in small regions that do not have in-house resources.

WQ N

40 11-1

Collection and storage of water data Collating monitoring and management information on all scales GIS and programming, knowledge of current

disparate databases

T M L N L M E C05X0906 Research and development of informatics systems focusing on groundwater science relating to the creation, collection, storage, processing, modelling, interpretation, display and dissemination of data and

information

WQ

N

44 7-1

Indirect measures & real time measures of aquifer

recharge rate

Potentially: real time scheduling of water allocation based on

river recharge

Knowledge of braided river-aquifer

interaction & temperature/conductivity

patterns.

K M M N L M 2 GN-1 Limited appication to systems dominated by river recharge that is variable.

WQ

N

45 3-3

Geochemical indicators of groundwater residence time

as a substitute for isotope tracers

Alternative means for understanding groundwater flow patterns

and rates

knowledge of grounwdater age versus

geochemical patterns

K M M N L S 1 GN-2 Some catchments allow a relationship between water quality and age,this may be used to determine flow patterns and rates.

WQ

N

49 11-2

Definition of riparian groundwater allocation zone

boundaries

Allocation issues Knowledge of local geology and aquifer

properties, possible modelling

A M L N L S E National variation in how riparian aquifers have been defined.

WQ

N

56 11-3

Methods to differentiate natural effects from those

relating to resource use.

Effects monitoring for determining regional plan effectiveness. Monitoring analysis, modelling A M M N L M 1 Regional plans require confirmation that resource management used is working. Distinguishing between climatic and abstraction effects is difficult, distinguishing long-term cumulative effects is probably not

possible other than to show that the long-term statistics have changed.

WQ

N

57 12-4

Scaling down of sub-regional models to address local

issue effects

To determine the localised effects and their management by

monitoring and modelling.

Monitoring analysis, modelling A M M N L S 1 Regional-scale models provide a broad view, to what extent can they be used locally to provide more precise output unless there is considerably more input?

WQ

N

58 12-4

Linking of multi strand calibration e.g. Flow, quality and

isotopic calibration in numerical modelling for allocation

& limit setting

Limit setting/effects monitoring Monitoring analysis, modelling A M M N L M 1 GN-3 Traditionally, water levels and flows have been used to calibrate and verify numerical models. Isotope and other age data, geochemistry can also be used. What data needs to be collected to achieve this

multi-strand approach?

WQ N 59 11-1

Water balance/water budget of the Poverty Bay

Aquifers

Understanding flow paths Water balance experience T M S L S E Localised studies of small aquifer systems and how they relate to surface water is actually a national issue.

WQ

N

60 11-1

Assessment of Poverty Bay aquifer interactions/linkages Understanding flow paths Understanding groundwater interactions T M S L S E Localised studies of small aquifer systems and how they relate to surface water is actually a national issue.

WQ

N

61 11-1

Cost benefit analysis for managed aquifer recharge in

Poverty Bay

Is MAR a possible storage option Understanding of MAR and local aquifers T M S L S E Localised studies of small aquifer systems and options for maintaining flow and levels are a national issue.

WQ

N

62 12-2

Assessment of actual groundwater use compared with

allocation

How much water is being used Meter monitoring data K M M N L S 1 Metering is probably the only precise way of knowing how much of an allocation is actually used, and it is becoming increasingly important to know how use varies with climate and land use.



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63 11-1

Quantifying risks of groundwater abstraction in Poverty

Bay

Setting Limits Understanding aquifer characteristics T M S L S E A local issue, maybe, but in fact is a national issue that is only starting to be addressed.

WQ

N

65 7-6

Real time fluxes between surface and groundwater and

offshore flow.

Essential for understanding the water balance and overall

resource management

Thermal and isotope,monitoring and

modelling

K M M L M 1 One of the largest uncertainties and therefore, sources of argument in a water budget is the quantum that goes out to sea beneath the coast. Geophysical methods?

WQ

N

67 7-8

Better understanding of irrigated area,

evapotranspiration losses and actual use

Essential for understanding the water balance and using the

information for allocation

Remote sensing, GIS, modelling K M M N L M 1 ALNC1105,

AQ-12, AQ-

22

ECan is trialling remote sensing of PET and real time measurement of water demand and relating it to actual use and irrigated area, also historical data

WQ

N

70 7-1

Efficiency of historical irrigation techniques in some

areas

Useful in improving model calibration in early years. Regional council? K M M N L M E Demand models don’t match experience or data presented at hearings. Central Plains and Ashburton-Lyndhurst eigenmodelling (inputs based on estimates of irrigation efficiency and land use). Actual use

depends on equipment and how it is managed.

WQ

N

71 9-1

Mapping NZ groundwater models Managing water resources GIS, modelling K M L N S E Likely to be a copyright issue, but ideally, all models ought to be open for viewing so that work is not duplicated. Some regions and organisations would like to see consultancy-based models included GNS

interest. Issues of inter-operability (time-step and scale) of models.

WQ N 73 7-4

Periodic review of (ground)water allocation limits Tool Development Geology, hydrogeology, modelling T M M N L S E C05X1109,

C01X1006

Once limits are set up, they need to be reviewed to see that they are working. Need tool or protocol to facilitate this.

WQ

N

77 11-4

Turakina Groundwater Management Zone: Assessment of Allocation and Declining Trends Understanding of Allocation and Trend

Analysis

M L L M E Localised issues asssociated with Turakina and Whanganui catchments

WQ

N

78 12-5

3D Model Development - Geology of the Manawatu

Region

Tool Development Data Management, 3D Modelling, Geological A M L L S E Region requires an improved geological synthesis on which to base a numerical model.

WQ

N

79 3-2

Hydraulic connection in volcanic aquifers Improved water allocation and management Quantity issues, stream depletion effects T M L N L S E To what extent (scale) can fractured aquifers be treated as equivalent to isotropic or anisotropic media?

WQ

N

80 11-4

Determining sustainable allocation in small catchments Improved water allocation and management Loss of recharge resulting from climate

change and development

M M L M E GN-4 Allocation in small catchments (small sotrage volumes) is an issue in that small changes in recharge can produce large changes in use and discharge

WQ N 81 11-4

Assessment of groundwater recharge mechanisms in

Poverty Bay

Understanding flow paths Understanding groundwater interactions M L L M E C05X1110 Actually, a national-scale issue, especially in small regions that do not have in-house resources.

WQ

N

82 7-10

Climate impacts on recharge to groundwater especially

in large groundwater systems.

Water allocation issues Monitoring, modelling K M M N L S 2 C01X1006 Climate impacts on recharge to groundwater in large groundwater systems involves a large lag time making management problematic. Which method is best or most appropriate, and how does this change

by region? There is a lack of predictive ability at smaller catchment scales for climatic inputs to models.

WQ

N

83 1-7

Need for consistency in trigger parameters in allocation

setting, prediction and evaluation of models.

Water allocation issues Monitoring, modelling G M L N L M 2 C01X1006 Requires study of what is used to set triggers for allocation mechanisms and allocation zone generation. This includes review of nitrate-nitrogen maximum allowable value.

WQ N 84 8-1

Groundwater - surface water interaction in dune lakes. Improved water allocation and management Modelling, monitoring T M L L M E

WQ

L

31 3-5

Well Integrity - Protocol and Procedures Tool Development Drilling and well construction knowledge,

understanding of issues (current and

potential)

A L L N L S E Well integrity may in some cases be significant in maintaining water quality in urban areas where surficial contamination is a potential hazard.

WQ

N

72 9-2

Update of groundwater model audit guidelines Auditing models Modelling G L L N S E Some 10 years since audit guidelines were published, needs revision?

WQ

L

85 3-7

Point source contamination F&M disease Assess location of potential burial sites Hydrogeology K M S N L S E

WQ

L

86 3-8

Endocrine disruptor distribution and trends Potential for placing in MfE guidelines Groundwater chemistry K M S N S E

WQ N 87 12-6

Groundwater and earthquakes Revised land use criteria in areas of high groundwater pressure Hydrogeology, geology, earthquake science K M M N M E

WQ N 88 10-2

High temperature geothermal energy and groundwater

issues

Revised protocols for dealing iwth groundwater issues Hydrogeology, geology, geothermal K M M N M 2

WQ

N

89 10-3

Low temperature ground-source energy production,

groundwater issues

Tool for regional councils to assess projects Hydrogeology, geothermal T M S N L M E

WQ

L

90 12-7

ASR of treated water Disposal and retrieval of treated stormwater and wastewater Hydrogeology, water chemistry T M S N L M E

WQ

L

30

Fate and Transport of Nutrients in the Manawatu

Catchment

Answers to specific questions for Mangatainoka and upper

Manawatu catchments

Three sub-projects (two PhD and one MSc) ND L L M 1 Already funded by Massey University: Ranvir Singh (Massey Project Supervisor) and Abby Matthews/Amy Shears (Horizons support), Horizons Regional Council

WQ N 74 Artificial Recharge Project Providing additional water resources or remediating adverse

effects.

PhD project ND S L Lake Horowhenua, Marija Tutulic (PhD student), Abby Matthews (Horizons - support) at Auckland University

Research type (disciplines) Type

Multi-disciplinary M

Single discipline S

Area

Local L

Regional R

National N

Size, level of effort

High H

Medium M

Low L

Priority

High H

Medium M

Low L

Not determined ND

Traction Index

One project to complete 1

More than one project to complete 2

Potential Envirolink project E

Thesis already funded


Appendix J: Examples of groundwater research undertaken by or for councils in 2011-2013

Council Title Author Availability Comments / keywords

CRC Cross sections of groundwater chemistry through the Ashburton-Rangitata plain

Hanson, C.,& Abraham, P.

CRC website Depth and spatial variation in groundwater chemistry.

ND Groundwater Surface Water Integrated Management (Maunu-Maungatapere-Whatitiri Basalt Aquifers)

Consultant NRC website Technical assessment to determine interconnection between groundwater and surface water, degree of connectivity, temporal and spatial impacts of groundwater pumping in basalt aquifers (i.e. Kaikohe and Maunu-Maungatapere-Whatitiri).

HM Protocol for Calculating Groundwater Annual Volume Allocations

Consultant Not available on website

Prepared for Horizons by PDP

GDC Groundwater in the Poverty Bay Flats. Consultant GDC website Assessment of geology and hydrogeology of the aquifer system.

MDC Aquifer Dynamics and Resilience Review

Davidson, P. MDC website Water resource investigation

MDC Groundwater Quality State and Trends 2012

Davidson, P. MDC website Annual state of the environment report

MDC Three-dimensional geological modelling and multivariate statistical analysis of groundwater composition, Wairau Plain, Marlborough District.

Consultant Subscription: journal, presentation on GNS website only

Water resource characterisation using water quality data

MDC Aquifer Safe Yield Review Davidson, P. MDC website Review of sustainable levels of abstraction versus allocation & use

CRC Ashley-Waimakariri Groundwater Resources Investigation

Dodson, M.; Aitchison-Earl, P.& Scott, L.

CRC website Technical Report R12/69

CRC Groundwater Quality Investigations of the mid-Waitaki Valley

Hanson, C.; Cressy, R. & Scott, L.


CRC Christchurch-West Melton groundwater quality monitoring review

Scott, L. Presentation on CRC website

in prep

CRC Network review - groundwater quality monitoring

Scott, M. in prep

CRC Groundwater age determination along a transect across the Central Plains, Canterbury, New Zealand

Consultant Available on request Unpublished external report


CRC Age Determination of Groundwater Programme Review

Herczeg, A. CRC website Technical Report R12/34

ORC Alexandra Groundwater Basin Allocation Study

ORC ORC website Geology, surface-water hydrology, groundwater quality, patterns of groundwater use, aquifer water balance, water resource management, groundwater management regime

ORC Cromwell Terrace Aquifer Study - Groundwater

ORC ORC website Soils, geology, water use, hydrology, water quality, groundwater management, aquifer water balance, groundwater modelling, numerical modelling, implications for management

ORC Groundwater Exploration in the Ida Valley

Wilson, S. & Rekker, J.

ORC website Geology of the Ida Valley, Geophysical prospecting, schist drilling, tertiary sediments, groundwater quality

ORC Hawea Basin Groundwater Review Wilson, S. ORC website Geology, basement rocks, sediments, surface hydrology, Lake Hawea, rivers, streams, springs, wetlands, rainfall & recharge, water use, aquifer hydrology, isotope data, water quality, conceptual groundwater model, numerical modelling, groundwater allocation

ORC The South Dunedin Coastal Aquifer & Effect of Sea Level Fluctuations - Groundwater

Otago Regional Council

ORC website Location and land use, geological & marine processes, European land-filling, climate, hydrology, water services, coastal aquifer, groundwater modelling

ES Five Year Median Nitrate Technical Report 2012

Environment Southland

ES website

ES Knapdale Technical Report Environment Southland

ES website

ES Spring Gauging Programme Review Environment Southland

ES website

ES Waituna Catchment Groundwater Resource Technical Report


ES website

HM Report on Strategic Water and Wastewater Review

References to it found, but not document

HM Overview of Horizons’ Groundwater Monitoring Programme

Zarour, H., Roygard, J., Hurndell, R. & Clark, M.

Not found in search Internal Report

MDC Wairau Aquifer Eigen Model Project Consultant MDC website relationship between Wairau Plain groundwater, rainfall recharge & spring flow

MDC Groundwater abstraction from the Wairau Plains

Consultant Plant & Food report: Envirolink website

approximate groundwater abstraction based on crop demand


MDC A Review of the Impact of Irrigation on Age Dating and Geochemistry of Shallow Groundwater - implications for the Wairau Plains

Consultant ESR report: Envirolink website

Quantifying the anomalous effects of irrigation on tracer measurements

MDC Groundwaters of Marlborough Davidson, P. & Wilson, S.

Purchase from MDC compendium of information and data related to Marlborough groundwater resources

CRC Groundwater quality investigation of the Rangitata - Orari area

Scott, L.; Hanson, C.; & Cressy, R.


CRC Hurunui catchment-scale land use and water quality modelling report

Consultants, Kelley, D., & Hanson, C.


ORC Rainfall recharge assessment for Otago groundwater basins

Wilson, S., Lu, X. & Otago Regional Council

ORC website rainfall recharge assessments: Inch Clutha, Clydevale - Wairuna, Cromwell, Ida Valley, Lower Waitaki Plain, Kuriwao, Maniototo, Manuherikia, Pomahaka, Roxburgh, Strath Taieri, Tokomairiro, Wakatipu, climate, recharge comparisons and variability.

ES Riversdale Groundwater Management Zone Technical Report


ES website

ORC The South Dunedin Coastal Aquifer & Effect of Sea Level Fluctuations - Groundwater

Otago Regional Council

ORC website Location & land use, geological & marine processes, land-filling, climate, hydrology, water services, coastal aquifer, groundwater modelling

Appendix K: Examples of current or recent water quality research topics carried out by research providers

Title Scope Start date

End date

Deliverables Availability Research end user

Section 3 issue/need reference

Groundwater Assimilative Capacity: the key to improved freshwater quality

To identify the assimilative capacity of New Zealand groundwater for nitrogen and microbes, with exploratory work on phosphorus.

Sep, 2010

Aug, 2013

Tools to help decision makers develop policy to best manage land and groundwater resources

Regional Councils, land users, local authorities

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 20, 24

Upper Waikato groundwater modelling

Develop flow and transport models to assess the long-term effects of land use changes on surface water and ground water quality, and to inform policy development.

Apr, 2010

On-going: Stage 4

Reports and digital models

EW website

Waikato Regional Council

24

Lower Waitaki Groundwater Quality Investigation

To investigate the effect of the Otago Regional Council Proposed Plan Change 6A on land use activities and groundwater quality in the Lower Waitaki

Jun, 2012

Oct, 2012

Science investigation report

Not found in search

Lower Waitaki Irrigation Company, Hearing Commissioners

-

Kinloch Groundwater Model

To assess the nitrate-N concentrations entering Lake Taupo from a proposed treated wastewater discharge into groundwater near Kinloch

Apr, 2010

Jul, 2010

Report

Not found in search

AWT New Zealand Limited, Taupo District Council

24

Nitrous oxide dynamics in a deep soil-alluvial gravel vadose zone following nitrate leaching.

Determining fate of nitrogen species in soil and uppermost strata.

2010 2012 Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76(4), 1333-1346

Subscription: journal

Regional councils, groundwater practitioners

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24

Catchment-scale assessment of N fluxes (incl. groundwater zone de-nitrification)

Nutrient allocation assessment. 2010 2012 Report

Massey University website

Used by water managers and policymakers

3, 6, 37

Redox potential gradients in vadose zone.

Fate of nutrients leaching from the soil zone.

2010 2012 Report Not found in search


24

How can the assimilative capacity of the subsurface environment be robustly assessed.

To improve management of land use intensity while minimising the risk to subsurface water quality.

Oct, 2010

Sep, 2013

Report


6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 19, 23, 24

Water chemistry and interaction between surface water and groundwater

Regional study using statistical analysis of groundwater quality data

2010 ongoing Peer-reviewed reports

Regional councils 2, 44, 60, 75, 81, 84

Appendix K: Examples of some significant current or recent water quantity research topics carried out by research providers

Title Scope Start date

End date

Deliverables Availability Research end user Section 3 issue/need reference

Did artesian groundwater contribute to Christchurch liquefaction and lateral spread damage?

Model groundwater surfaces in the Christchurch aquifers and carry out modelling to assess if high artesian heads played a role in the liquefaction that occurred.

Mar, 2012

Mar, 2014

Report and peer reviewed papers

GNS, EQC, engineers, insurance companies

-

Earthquake Hydrology: Seismic Pumps or Broken Pipes?

Elucidate spatial distributions of dynamic stress (‘seismic pump’) vs static stress (‘broken pipe’) causal mechanisms in terms of the driving mechanism(s) of fluid movement during major earthquakes

Mar, 2013

Mar, 2016

Hydrogeological models, report, peer reviewed papers, conference presentation

GNS, EQC, engineers

-

Actual Evapotranspiration from Pasture in Irrigated Landscapes

Improve groundwater recharge estimates in landscapes modified by irrigation

Oct, 2010

Sep, 2016, subject to review in 2013

Improved crop coefficients for irrigated pasture. Improved understanding of the effects of water application intensity and drainage. Publications.

Regional Councils, irrigation sector

67, 68

Waimea Plains groundwater modelling

Redevelop a model of the Waimea groundwater system to assist water management

2010 2012 Digital model results Not found in search Tasman District Council

-

Irrigated area

Field data collection and analysis to determine actual irrigated area. Comparison with remote sensing based estimates.

Dec, 2011

Feb, 2012

Analysis results and short report

Not found in search

Aqualinc

67, 70

Fluid flow and solute transport in unevenly-stratified aquifers

Formulating and solving simplified models for groundwater and pollutant flows

2011 2012 Thesis, conference papers and abstracts

Subscription: Massey Univ. library

Regional councils and groundwater practitioners.

18, 19, 20, 28

Characterization and estimation of hydraulic properties in an alluvial gravel vadose zone.

Determining aquifer properties in uppermost strata in Canterbury gravel aquifer.

2008 2012 Vadose Zone Journal, 8(3), 651-663.

Subscription: journal

Regional councils and groundwater practitioners.

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24

Delineation of the Rangitata riparian zone.

Multi-disciplinary assessment of the riparian zone boundaries

2011 2012 Environment Canterbury Technical Report R12/65.

CRC website

Regional council. 49

Documents

Ground wate r Sciience - Envirolink · quantity allocation, using an adaptive, precautionary approach. A sustainable allocation is highly dependent upon recharge, net groundwater