Upload
brone
View
33
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Genes are composed of DNA & are located on chromosomes http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/5940588.html. Gregor Mendel is considered the “ Father of Genetics ”. http://www.payer.de/fundamentalismus/fund0229.gif. http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/mendel1440.htm. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
GenesGenes are composed of DNADNA && are located on chromosomeschromosomes
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/5940588.html
Gregor MendelGregor Mendel is considered the ““Father of GeneticsFather of Genetics””
http://www.payer.de/fundamentalismus/fund0229.gif
http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/mendel1440.htm
AllelesAlleles are the TWOTWO alternatealternate forms of a genegene ONEONE from each parentparent
http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/14.3.gif
There are two lociloci illustrated below……One
for flower color && another for stem length
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/genetics-%20genes/img021.gif
Mendel’sMendel’s law of segregationlaw of segregation is illustrated during meiosis Imeiosis I
http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch9meiosisnotes.html
During meiosis IImeiosis II, sister sister chromatidschromatids separate
http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch9meiosisnotes.html
Usually only oneone of the twotwo alleles is expressed This expressed allele is known as the dominant alleledominant allele
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/media/mendel.gif
What do genesgenes code for??http://www.nchpeg.org/dental/images/GENES.GIF
What are examples of proteinsproteins??http://www.cybered.net/content.asp?contentid=684
In guinea pigsguinea pigs, blackblack coat color is dominant over whitewhite coat color
http://pics.hoobly.com/full/bd553abb0b9e97f3ef883a9c01150055.jpghttp://www.meerschweinchen.de/cavia/pict/SHa-2.jpg
TEST CROSSTEST CROSShttp://www.saburchill.com/IBbiology/chapters03/003.html
In mice, greygrey (GG) is dominant over whitewhite (gg). Therefore, the genotypegenotype for a grey mouse could be GGGG or GgGg. How could we find out??
Dihybrid CrossDihybrid Crosshttp://www.gwu.edu/~darwin/BiSc150/One/genetics.htm
A dihybrid cross results in a phenotypic ratiophenotypic ratio of
99:33:33:11
Mendel’s Law of Independent AssortmentLaw of Independent Assortmenthttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mitosis/c13x9independent-assortment.jpg
Independent AssortmentIndependent Assortmenthttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mitosis/sf9x5b.jpg
Incomplete DominanceIncomplete Dominancehttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/c14x9incomplete-dominance.jpg
How do you think the pinkpink flower in the middle came to be??
Incomplete DominanceIncomplete Dominancehttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/incomplete.htm
Both dominant alleles (RR & & WW)express themselves, with each producing proteinsproteins that contribute to flower color
RoanRoan coat color is a mixture of red red && whitewhite hairs
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Belgisk_hest.jpg
Blood TypesBlood Typeshttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/blood.htm
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/images/ABObloodsystem.gif
GenesGenes found on the SAMESAME chromosomechromosome are linkedlinked && usually inherited togetherinherited together
http://nwcreation.net/images/chromosome.jpghttp://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr5/gene5.jpg
Crossing OverCrossing Overhttp://www.nicerweb.com/doc/class/bio1151/Locked/media/ch13/13_11CrossingOver_L.jpg
Crossing overCrossing over can unlinkunlink linked geneslinked genes http://img.sparknotes.com/content/testprep/bookimgs/sat2/biology/0001/crossingover.gif
For humanshumans, the sex of the child depends on whether the sperm cellsperm cell (nn) that fertilized the egg cellegg cell (nn) carried an XX or YY chromosome
Note, this is NOTNOT necessarily the case for other organisms
Map of Human ChromosomesMap of Human ChromosomesFundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (5th Edition), Martini. (2001). Page 1096.
The XX && YY Chromosomes Chromosomeshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=gnd.section.295
HemophiliaHemophilia is a sex-linkedsex-linked disorder. The genegene is on the XX chromosomechromosome.
http://www.pathguy.com/lectures/hemophilia.jpg
http://www.hemophiliagalaxy.com/patients/images/genetics4c.gif
RedRed--GreenGreen Colorblindness Colorblindness
http://intro.bio.umb.edu/111-112/111F98Lect/colorblind/ http://www.csun.edu/~vceed002/biology/senses/vision_labs/2a.jpg
Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy
http://members.lycos.nl/guvennekes/hpbimg/mattie%20stepanek.jpg
http://www.artmed.pl/gfx/scol1.jpg
Chromosome mutationsChromosome mutations can be detected through karyotypekaryotype analysis
NondisjunctionNondisjunction results in gametesgametes with the incorrect #incorrect # of chromosomes
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/c15x11nondisjunction.jpg
Down SyndromeDown Syndromehttp://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/dna/chromosomes2.gifhttp://www.dsamn.org/photogallery/photoAlbums/DSAMFaces/full/scan0033.jpg
Chromosome MutationsChromosome Mutations
http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/xo&xxy.jpg
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/HumanBioogy/bills_developmental_abnormalities.htm
Turner’s SyndromeTurner’s Syndrome (XOXO) && Klinefelter’s SyndromeKlinefelter’s Syndrome (XXYXXY)
ttp://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/HumanBioogy/bills_developmental_abnormalities.htm http://www.mf.uni-lj.si/acta-apa/acta-apa-02-4/3.1.jpg
Other Chromosome MutationsOther Chromosome Mutationshttp://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/13&18.jpg
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/HumanBioogy/Finished%20Images/gen09.gif
Polyploid PlantsPolyploid Plantshttp://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/24-13-Autopolyploidy-L.gif
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/hybrids1.htm
UV radiationUV radiation can cause gene gene mutationsmutations by altering DNADNA
http://www.opt.pacificu.edu/ce/catalog/15719-GO/Fig%206.jpg
Genetic Variation in HumansGenetic Variation in Humans
Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions Do any classmates have the same number you
have? How many different combinations of the 5 traits
are possible? How many combinations would be possible with 6 traits?
In terms of what happens during meiosis and fertilization, explain how all the various combinations of alleles are possible.
Why is it virtually certain that, except for identical twins, even offspring of the same parents will not be genetically identical?
Using your own key, list your 5 traits and the possible genotype(s) for each. Note that all the traits listed are recessive.