GPC 126 Physiological Psychology Dean Owen, Ph.D., LPCC METU-NCC Spring 2014 Micro-Structures Nervous System Lecture #3 Lecture 3 This presentation has been created to assist in the mastery of the material contained in Chapter 2 of the text Foundations of Physiological Psychology by Neil R. Carlson All of the material contained in the presentation is drawn from the text. PLOs Primary Learning Objectives for todays lesson 1.Describe the fundamental parts of a neuron 2.Explain the term action potential and how it relates to neural transmission 3.Recall the structures involved in producing and receiving neurotransmitters. 4.Describe the role and function of glial cells 5.Recall the various components of the human nervous system and what each controls. 6.Describe the function of the blood/brain barrier. Plan for the day 2. Review the fundamental anatomy and physiology of the micro-structures of the CNS 1. Review basic components of the human nervous system 3. Describe the process of neural communications Review of some basic terms Cell: basic unit of life. Review of same basic terms Groups of cells are called tissue Muscle tissue Brain tissue Lung tissue Review of same basic terms Groups of tissues are called organs Kidney Brain tissue Groups of organs are called systems Review of same basic terms Groups of organs are called systems Nervous system Review of same basic terms Groups of systems are called. Us, You and me Human Nervous System Component Elements Human Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Spinal Chord Human Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Composed of nerves and nerve pathways that can be grouped according to function.. Motor Neurons: Mediating voluntary muscular movement Autonomic Nervous System (visceral or involuntary control) Enteric Nervous System (controlling digestion) Human Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Motor Neurons: Motoneurons extend outwards from the CNS for the purpose of controlling muscles. Human Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Motor Neurons: Spinal Cord injury results in lose of sensation and motor control. Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx Come To Live in Southern Chile Human Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Autonomic Nervous System (visceral or involuntary control) ANS Human Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Enteric Nervous System (controlling digestion) Cells of the Nervous System The Neuron Definition: The basic information processing and information transmitting element in the nervous system. 4 Parts of a neuron: Soma Dendrites Axon Terminal Buttons The Neuron Definition: The basic information processing and information transmitting element in the nervous system. 4 Parts of a neuron: DSAT Dendrites: (from Greek word meaning tree) The portion of the cell that receives information from transmitting cells. Soma: The cell body with a nucleus and other structures for cellular life. Axon: a long slender tube covered in myelin that carries information from the cell body to the terminal buttons. Terminal Buttons: Structures which produce chemicals called neurotransmitters when excited by the actions potential. DSAT The Neuron Basic Electricity Review The Neuron Basic Electricity Review The Neuron Basic Electricity Review Chemistry The Neuron Basic Electricity Review The flow direction is from negative to positive The Neuron Basic Electricity Review Myelin The Neuron Action Potentialhill.com/sites/ /student_view0/ chapter14/animation__the_nerve_impulse.htmlG07fB8qp6_PG6k The Neuron Neural Communication Basic Definitions Synapse: Synapse: The junction or space between the terminal button of one neuron and the membrane of another neuron. The Neuron Neural Communication Basic Definitions Presynaptic neuron: Presynaptic neuron: The neuron which emits neurotransmitters from its terminal buttons sending the message to next neuron in the chain. The Neuron Neural Communication Basic Definitions Postsynaptic neuron: Postsynaptic neuron: The neuron which receives the chemical message through its receptor organs in the dendrite. The Neuron Function and operation of neurotransmitters. Hey Brain Sister Neurotransmitter operation Neurotransmitters The Neuron neurotransmitters. a.Acetylcholine b.Dopamine c.GABA d.Serotonin e.Norepinephrine f.Glutamate Plus many more. The Neuron Supporting Cells of the nervous systems Glia: Special cells that bind neurons together, protect them and care for them by removing dead or diseased cells, and regulate nutrients and oxygen. The Neuron Blood Brain Barrier: Semi-permiable barrier between blood and the brain. 1.Blood is transported throughout the body by arteries, vessels and finally by capillaries to the cells.bringing oxygen and nutrients and removing waste... 2.For neurons to work properly they must be surrounded by a very precise fluid mixture.. 3.The capillaries in the brain and other NS structures are different and do not allow blood to flow easily to nerve tissues..in other parts of the body the capillaries allow blood to flow easily to cells. The Neuron Neuron Communication 10:30watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE Micro-Structures Review of Key Terms Peripheral Nervous System: That part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain and spinal cord. Soma: Cell body of a neuron containing the nucleus. Dendrite: Branch like structures of a neuron that received chemical messages from the terminal buttons of adjacent neurons. Synapse: The junction or space between the terminal button of one neuron and the membrane of another neuron. Micro-Structures Review of Key Terms Axon: The long, cylindrical structure of a neuron that conveys information from the soma to the terminal buttons. Terminal Button: The bud-like structures at the distal end of a neuron which forms the synapse with other neurons. Neurotransmitter: A chemical released by the terminal buttons which conveys information across the synapse to adjacent neurons: 2 types, excitatory, or inhibitory Nucleus: The structure in the soma containing the chromosomes and necessary for reproduction of the neuron. Micro-Structures Review of Key Terms Glia: The supporting cells of the central nervous system which surround, bind, and care for neurons. Astrocyte: The star shaped glial cells that provide nutrients and other substances to neurons and which regulate the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid. Myelin Sheath: A coating of fatty tissue along the axon which insulates the neuron and prevents information from spreading to other neurons. Blood Brain Barrier: The semi-permeable barrier between the blood and the brain created by the walls of the brains capillaries. Micro-Structures Review of Key Terms Homeostasis: A state of balance or the normal condition. Much of our autonomic nervous system is designed to create balance.temperature, respiration.etc. Action Potential: Action potentials in neurons are also known as "nerve impulses" or "spikes", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its "spike train". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to "fire". Micro-Structures Questions? Assignment for 10 March: Come to class with a list of three (3) potential topics for your research presentation. These will be discussed in class next week. Please watch the following video: Class is over! Harika!!