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GOZO COLLEGE

SECONDARY SCHOOL

Half Yearly Exams 2017 - 2018

Subject: Biology

Form: Year 9

Time: 2 hours

Name: _____________________________ Class: _____________________________

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Section A

Answer all questions in the spaces provided. This section carries 55 marks.

1. Choose from the words below, and match the following sentences with the vital

functions.

Growth, Sensitivity, Respiration, Movement, Excretion, Reproduction, Feeding.

a. When a bird hatches out of its egg we say that this had occurred – _____________.

b. From a boy, you become a man – ________________.

c. The plant does this by photosynthesis – __________________ .

d. When we sweat we remove unwanted minerals and salts from the body -

____________________ .

e. An aerobic organism uses oxygen to produce energy by this vital function –

_______________________.

f. When a rabbit runs to escape danger – ______________________ .

g. A plant grows towards the Sunlight - _________________________ .

(1,1,1,1,1,1,1 mark) (Total: 7 marks)

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2. Label different parts of the microscope:

(1,1,1,1,1 marks) (Total: 5 marks)

3. Name the part of the cell responsible for each of the following situations.

a. A girl eats food. The nutrients from the food are processed in the body and

they want to enter the cells of her body. Which part of the cell is responsible for

letting substances enter or leave the cell? ________________ .

b. A 4 year old boy is growing taller. His body needs to produce more cells by

cell division. Which part of the cell controls cell division? ________________ .

c. A boxer needs a lot of energy to move during a whole boxing match. The

cells in his body must provide a lot of energy. Which part of the cell is responsible

for producing energy? ________________ .

d. Samantha damaged her muscle with a broken glass. Which part of the cell is

responsible to produce proteins to repair the muscle? ________________ .

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e. Joseph ended up under the rubble of his home after an earthquake. He

remained there for 20 hours before being rescued. Which food storage in his cells

were providing him food to remain alive? __________________ .

(1,1,1,1,1 mark) (Total: 5 marks)

4. Observe these plant diagrams and answer the questions that follow:

a. Explain how a root hair cell is adapted to its function.

Adaptation: _____________________________________________________(2)

Function: _______________________________________________________(1)

(3 marks)

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b. Explain how the palisade cell is adapted to its function.

Adaptation: _____________________________________________________(2)

Function: _______________________________________________________(1)

(3 marks)

c. Name the pigment that gives the plant a green colour. ___________ (1 mark)

d. Name one organ in a plant. _____________________ (1 mark)

(Total: 8 marks)

5. Investigation of diffusion A student carried out an investigation on the effects of various sugar solutions on rods of potato tuber. The student used a cork borer to remove the rods which were gently blotted and weighed. Each rod was then placed in distilled water or in one of several sugar solutions of different concentrations. After 2 hours the rods were removed, gently blotted and reweighed. The results, expressed as a percentage change in mass, are shown in the table. Concentration of sugar solution in arbitrary units.

Percentage change in mass.

0 (distilled water) +8 0.25 +4 0.50 -1 1.00 -7 1.50 -10

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a) i) Plot a line graph of the data on a sheet of graph paper. Put concentration of sugar solution in arbitrary units on the horizontal axis and percentage change in mass on the vertical axis. (3) ii) From the graph, work out the concentration of sugar solution which would result in no change in mass of the potato tuber. (2) b) Name the process which causes the mass of the potato to change in this experiment. (1) c) What else might the student have measured to investigate the effect of the sugar solutions on the rods? (1) d) Some people soak salad vegetables, especially lettuce, in salt water to remove animals such as slugs and greenfly. However, if the lettuce is left too long in the salt water the leaves become limp. i) Explain why the lettuce leaves become limp. (2) ii) Suggest how the lettuce leaves could be made crisp again. (1)

(Total: 10 marks)

6. The following diagrams (A, B and C) show 3 different types of microorganisms.

A: Euglena B: Bacilli C: Yeast

a. Name the kingdom for each organism:

A: Kingdom _______________

B: Kingdom _______________

C: Kingdom _______________

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(1,1,1 mark)

b. List ONE characteristic feature for each kingdom A, B and C.

A: _____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

B: ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

C: ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(2,2,2 marks) (Total: 9 marks)

7. Complete these questions:

a. When Carl Linneus returned home from the his travels in Europe, he

organised all the species he had collected into families, classes and kingdoms. Fill in

the blanks to complete the whole list:

Kingdom - Phylum - Class - ______________ - Family - _____________ - Species.

(1,1 marks)

b. In the following table you have a description in the first column and a space

where to write the answer in the second column. Read the description in the first

column and write one word answer in the second column.

Description Answer

We consider these organisms between living and non-living.

This kingdom includes organisms that have hyphae instead of cells.

This kingdom includes organisms that are multicellular and feed by photosynthesis.

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This Phylum/Division performs photosynthesis, does not grow to large sizes/heights, and needs plenty of moisture to perform reproduction. It also likes shady places.

This phylum includes organisms that grow to large sizes, perform photosynthesis, and produce seeds in cones.

This class is endothermic, has mammary glands, and is covered by fur.

This class includes organisms that grow fairly rapidly, perform photosynthesis, and produces a flower and fruit.

This large phylum has 4 large classes. It is characterised by an exoskeleton, and jointed limbs

(1 mark each) (Total: 10 marks)

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Section B

Answer question 1 and choose TWO others. This section carries 45 marks. Write the

answers for section B on a foolscap.

1. Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Cells

All living organisms on Earth are divided into cells. The main concept of cell theory is that cells are the basic structural unit for all organisms. Cells are small compartments that hold the biological equipment necessary to keep an organism alive and successful. Living things may be single-celled or they may be very complex such as a human being. There are smaller pieces that make up cells such as organelles. A mitochondrion is an example of an organelle. Cells can also connect to form larger structures. They might group together to form the tissues of the stomach and eventually the entire digestive system. However, in the same way that atoms are the basic unit when you study matter, cells are the basic unit for biology and organisms. In larger organisms, the main purpose of a cell is to organize. Cells hold a variety of pieces and each cell type has a different purpose. By dividing responsibilities among different groups of cells, it is easier for an organism to survive and grow. Cells have problems functioning when they get too big. Also, if you were only one cell you couldn't have a nervous system, no muscles for movement, and using the internet would be out of the question. The trillions of cells in your body make your way of life possible. There are many types of cells. In biology class, one usually works with plant-like cells and animal-like cells. Plant cells are easier to identify because they have a protective structure called a cell wall made of cellulose. Plant cells have the wall; animal cells do not. Plant cells also have organelles such as the green chloroplast or large, water-filled vacuoles. Chloroplasts are the key structure in the process of photosynthesis.

Cells are unique to each type of organism. If you look at very simple organisms, you

will discover cells that have no defined nucleus (prokaryotes) and other cells that

have hundreds of nuclei (multinucleated).

Humans have hundreds of different cell types. You have red blood cells that are used

to carry oxygen through the body and other cells specific to your heart muscle. Even

though cells can be very different, they are basically compartments surrounded by

some type of membrane.

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Extract from, ‘Biology4Kids.com’

a) From the above passage find the explanation of ‘organelles’? (2 mark)

b) Draw an animal and a plant cell and include the differences mentioned in the

above text. (3marks)

c) List two different specialised animal cells. (2 marks)

d) Name the organelle (in a cell) most needed for giving off energy? (1 marks)

e) Explain why large cells have a problem when they get too big. (2 marks)

f) Give one reason for the following.

(i) cells are basic structural units (1)

(ii) organisms may be very complex (2)

(iii) most cells are specialised (2)

(Total 15 marks)

2. This question is about viruses and bacteria.

a. Draw and label a virus and a typical shaped bacterial diagram.

b. Use the virus drawn in the previous question, to explain with the help of diagrams its replication.

c. Mention and describe, 3 beneficial aspects of bacteria.

d. Taking into account that bacteria are reproducing every 20 minutes, starting from 1, how long will it take to have 32 bacteria.

(4) (5) (3) (3)

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3. This question is about Osmosis and Diffusion. You are given a potato, 3 solutions (hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic), 3 test tubes, scalpel, borer ruler, stop watch, test tube rack. Design an experiment in testing osmosis on raw potato chips. a. The experiment should include a Procedure b. A labelled diagram c. At least one precaution d. Write what are the expected results. You can use diagrams for your explanation. e. Write at least 2 sentences in stating what is the theory behind this experiment. f. If a normal plant cell is placed in hypotonic solution what happens? Draw the before and after diagrams. g. State the name given to the cell after being affected in question (f). h. If a normal plant cell is placed in hypertonic solution what happens? Draw the before and after diagrams. i. State the name given to the cell after being affected in question (h). (Total: 15 marks)

(2) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (1) (2) (1)

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4. This question is about life cycles.

Life Cycle A Life Cycle B

a. Look at the above two diagrams name the two metamorphosis life cycles.

b. What is the main difference?

c. Name the four stages of life cycle A or B.

d. What is the Class, Phylum and Kingdom for these organisms?

e. Mention three characteristics for this class.

f. Explain what is that classifies the life cycle as metamorphosis?

g. Mention 3 general characteristics of the arthropods.

2 1 2 3 3 1 3

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5. This question is about Kingdom Animalia

A B C D

E F G H

a. B and C are organisms from two different phyla. List the phylum of each and give the characteristic difference between the two.

b. Organisms G and H are vertebrates.

i) State two common characteristic of all vertebrates. ii) G and H are defined as endotherms. Explain. iii) List two other classes of vertebrates and give the characteristic features of their skin.

c. Mention another organism in Phylum D.

d. Organisms E and F are of the same phylum but not of the same class.

i) Name the phylum they belong to.

ii) Name their respective classes.

iii) Mention one difference between them.

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