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Governance & Transparency FundA National Conversation
Partnership – 2009-2013
Formative Research Findings
A National Conversation
Project Goal
To enhance TBCs’s capacity to provide citizens with opportunities to check government decisions and voice their views and needs,
thereby increasing demand for good governance and accountability
Transparency
Accountability
Participation
To check government
decisions
To increase demand for good
governance
To voice citizens views and needs
A National Conversation
Project Activitie
s
Research Learning Co-Production
Formative Research
Training Plan Media Products
Audience Research
Skills Sharing Radio & Television
A National Conversation
Formative
Research
Needs Assessme
nt
Qualitative
Quantitative
TBC
PSB since 2007, previously state broadcaster since 1950’s1 National TV station, 2 National & 1 Dar-only radio stationsTido Mhando, Director General since late 2006
The ‘Big Change’
Vision to make TBC the leading broadcaster in TZ
Re-vamped Senior Management Team
Re-vamped News & Current Affairs
New popular programmes (comedy, football, talent)
Bigger and better national coverage
Quality & Reputation of TBC is improving – TBC now has the 2nd most watched TV station in the country, and the 2nd most listened to radio station. TBC is now the nations favourite news provider.
TBC
An assessment of where TBC is at...The 6 Key Issues from the Needs
Assessment
What is PSB
anyway?
Is TBC state or PSB?
Audience Engageme
nt
...& in Programmes
In Research... TV
Radio
= Innovatio
n
= Inertia
Who’s ‘Big
Change’?
Staff involvement...
...& Staff Commitment
Skills & Equipm
ent
Craft
Production
Editorial
Management
2010 ‘make or break’
Elections
Taking it to the Next
Level
Field Visual
Analysis
Formative Research: Qualitative
Photographs
Focus Groups
Methodology
Equipping people with cameras to freely take photos of everyday issues that affect them in their lives
Using the photos to facilitate discussion and debate
To establish what citizens concepts are around governance issues: what are the issues of their concern, what do they think about them and what do they think should be done about them
Effective in unpacking complex phenomenon in everyday communities – constructing voice
Field Visual
Analysis
Formative Research: Qualitative
Kinondoni
Kilwa
4 districts chosen for the study
FGD Groups:1 – Students2 – Housewives 3 – Fishermen 4 – HIV+ 5 –
Professionals
6 – Journalists
KigomaKongwa
FGD Groups:1 – Business
People2 – Daladala
Drivers3 – Farmers4 – Herders 5 – Old People6 –
Unemployed
FGD Groups:1 – Fishermen2 – Housewives 3 – Teachers 4 – Disabled 5 – Taxi Drivers6 – Business
People
FGD Groups:1 – Health
Workers2 – Youth 3 – Farmers 4 – Old People5 – Housewives 6 – Fishermen
Mix of age, sex, occupation, rural/urban
6 Focus Groups per district
155 Photos
151 Photos
89 Photos
94 Photos
Formative Research: Qualitative
Kinondoni
KilwaKigomaKongwa
Main Topics of Discussio
n
Unprompted, in order of amount of time spent discussing each theme
1 – The Media2 – Social / Govt
Responsibility
3 – Infrastructure
4 – Education5 – Transport6 –
Environment
1 – Social / Govt Responsibility
2 – Transport3 – Livelihood4 – The Media5 – Education6 – Cost of
Living7 – Health
Coded thematically
1 – Social / Govt Responsibility
2 – Transport 3 – Livelihood 4 – Education 5 – Cost of
Living6 – The Media7 – Health
1 – Education2 – Health 3 – Livelihood 4 – Transport
“Mvuvi afanye nini ili aweze kufanikiwa?”
“What should a fisherman do in order to make it?”
Kigoma Fisherman
“Tumefika mahali tumekata tamaa, tumechoka.
Mimea imekauka, tumeshaongea, tukachoka”
“We’ve got to the point where we have given up, we are tired. The crops have dried up, we’ve already talked about it,
we’ve had enough”
Kongwa Farmer
“Hapa kwetu umeme sisi hatuna. Hiyo nguzo unayoiona imepita tu”
“We haven’t got any electricity here. This pole that you see, is just passing it over us”
Kilwa Health Worker
“Tunaoishi na virusi vya UKIMWI tunafaa tule matunda kwa afya yetu, ila mimi nitatoa wapi elfu moja kununua nanasi?”
“Those of us living with HIV should eat fruit for our health, but where am I going to get 1,000 shillings from to buy a
pineapple?”
Kinondoni HIV+ Lady
“Kilimo cha jembe kinatuhimiza sana mgongo. Tumeahadiwa matrakta, lakini matrakta yenyewe hatuyaoni”
“Farming with hoes puts a lot of strain on our backs. We have been promised tractors, but the tractors themselves, we
don’t see them”
Kilwa Housewife
“Hivi ni vyanzo vyetu vya maji”
“These are our water sources”
Kilwa Old Man
“Sehemu tunazokaa sisi wa hali ya chini sio nzuri kwa huku”
“The places we live in – for lower class folk like us – aren’t good around here”
Kinondoni Housewife
Formative Research: Qualitative
When Tanzanians talk about
governance , they talk
about social services and
issues
Water
Health
Electricity
Education
Roads
What does the study tell us?
Livelihood
Environment
Economy
Formative Research: QualitativeWhat does the study tell us?
Tanzanians feel as
though the government is not doing enough to
address their problems
“The government is to blame”
“The government does not want to assist me”
“The government does not care about us”
“The government calls meetings to discuss but nothing happens”
“The government cannot fulfil its promises”
“The problem is that our leaders do not know how to do their duties”
Formative Research: QualitativeWhat does the study tell us?
Tanzanians do not feel they can – or know how to – raise
their concerns with
the government
“We don’t get help and we don’t know what to do”
“You know these things have been going on for a long time, they have not started today or yesterday”
“We have this thing that whoever says the truth most of the time is seen as a bad person”
“To tell the truth we have never taken our complaints anywhere”
“Whatever I am saying I hope will be heard by the government so that they will listen to these voices and help us”
“To be honest I think we have already given up”
Formative Research: QualitativeWhat does the study tell us?
Tanzanians feel as
though the government is not doing enough to
address their problems
When Tanzanians talk about
governance , they talk
about social services and
issues
Tanzanians do not feel they can, or know how, to raise
their concerns with
the government
The Discourse
of Disillusion
Formative Research: Quantitative
Baseline Survey
To understand and benchmark people’s knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviours with respect to selected governance and media indicators
This included:‒ People’s media exposure and media consumptions patterns
‒ People’s level of trust in media providers
‒ Whether people feel they have the ability to raise important issues with their political leaders
‒ The extent to which people feel they can influence public discussion especially around governance issues
‒ People’s perceptions of transparency, accountability and participation in governance matters / issues of public importance
‒ The extent to which people feel that TBC covers issues important to them
‒ The extent to which people feel TBC is independent of government
Formative Research: Quantitative
Baseline Survey
1,668 respondents (47% female)
Systemic probability sampling method
Semi-structured questionnaireFace-to-face interviews
No. of Respondents:
Kinondoni
422
Unguja West
324
Nachingwea
319
Kigoma Mjini
317
Chamwino
286
Age:
18-25 years
38%
26-35 years
38%
36-45 years
16%
Over 45 years
8%
Marital Status:
Married / Cohabiting
51%
Single 41%
Divorced / Widowed
7%Occupation:
Agriculture 40%
Unemployed 29%
Business 14%
Blue Collar 10%
White Collar 6%
Education:
Primary 48%
Secondary
40%
College /Uni
8%
None 3%
Religion:
Muslim 54%
Christian 44%
Other 2%
Formative Research: QuantitativeEngagement with the Media
Respondents exhibiting high, medium, & low media engagement:
High Medium Low
106/1668
697/1668
865/1668
6% 42% 52%
Of whom:
% from Dar-es-Salaam 50% 46% 5%
% aged under 35 years 87% 79% 72%
% of women 40% 42% 53%
% with minimum secondary education 65% 63% 35%
% unemployed 35% 33% 26%
Formative Research: QuantitativeMedia availability at the household level?
Formative Research: QuantitativeTV station most watched?
Formative Research: QuantitativeRadio station most listened to?
Formative Research: QuantitativeWhich direction do you think the country is moving in?
Formative Research: QuantitativeIs corruption a major problem...?
Formative Research: QuantitativeHow much influence do you think you have in government decision making?
Formative Research: QuantitativeHow interested would you say you are in politics?
Formative Research: QuantitativeHow satisfied are you with democracy in Tanzania?
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Corruption in Government
Poor Roads InfrastructurePoor Health Care
Water Scarcity
Lack of Reliable ElectricityDrought
Rising Prices / High InflationNo / Poor Economic DevelopmentCrime / Violence / LawlessnessNo Clean Water
Poverty
Unemployment
Poor Education
HIV & AIDS
Food Scarcity
Water Scarcity
Poor Education
Food Scarcity
Unclean Environment
Corruption in GovernmentNo Clean Water
HIV & AIDS
Crime / Violence / LawlessnessDrought
Rising Prices / High Inflation
Unemployment
Poor Roads InfrastructurePoor Health Care
Lack of Reliable ElectricityPoverty
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101112131415
Formative Research: QuantitativeWhat are the biggest issues facing Tanzania?
...and in your local area where you live?
For more information, please contact:
Jimmy Innes,Country Director, BBC-WST
Tanzania
