Godina (Volume) 15, Broj (Number) 3, Juli - Septembar

http://www.mf.unze.ba/Masinstvo

Godina (Volume) 15, Broj (Number) 3, Juli - Septembar (July - Septembre) 2018.

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ISSN 1512-5173 http://www.mf.unze.ba/masinstvo

MAŠINSTVO ČASOPIS ZA MAŠINSKO INŽENJERSTVO

JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Godina (Volume) 15, Broj (Number) 3, Zenica, Juli – Septembar (July – Septembre) 2018.

Uredništvo (Editorial): Fakultetska 1, 72000 Zenica Bosnia and Herzegovina Tel: +387 32 449 143; 449 145 Fax: +387 32 246 612 e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Osnivač i izvršni izdavač (Founders and Executive Publisher): University of Zenica Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Fakultetska 1, 72000 Zenica Bosnia and Herzegovina Recenzioni odbor (Review committe): Dr. Vojo Višekruna, Dr. Džemo Tufekčić, Dr. Safet Brdarević, Dr. Nedim Hodžić, Dr. Jovan Sredojević

Glavni i odgovorni urednik (Editor and Chief): Prof. Dr. Sc. Safet Brdarević

Časopis izlazi tromjesečno (The journal is published quarterly)

Urednički odbor (Editorial Board): Dr. Safet Brdarević (B&H), Dr. Jože Duhovnik (Slovenia), Dr. Vidosav Majstorović (Serbia), Dr. Milan Jurković (Croatia), Dr. Sabahudin Ekinović (B&H), Dr. Gheorge I. Gheorge (Romania), Dr. Alojz Ivanković (Ireland), Dr. Joan Vivancos (Spain), Dr. Ivo Čala (Croatia), Dr. Slavko Arsovski (Serbia), Dr. Albert Weckenman (Germany), Dr. Ibrahim Pašić (France), Dr. Zdravko Krivokapić (Montenegro), Dr. Rainer Lotzien (Germany)

Lektori: Azra Adžemović, profesor Dr. Nebojša Vasić Tehnički urednik (Technical Editor): Prof. Dr. Sabahudin Jašarević Štampa (Print): Štamparija Fojnica d.o.o., Fojnica Uređenje zaključeno (Preparation ended): 30.09.2018.

Časopis je evidentiran u evidenciji javnih glasila pri Ministarstvu nauke, obrazovanja, kulture i sport Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine pod brojem 651. Časopis u pretežnom iznosu finansira osnivač i izdavač. Časopis MAŠINSTVO u pravilu izlazi u četiri broja godišnje. Rukopisi se ne vraćaju

The Journal is listed under No 651 in the list of public journals in the Ministry of science, education, culture and sport of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Journals is mostly financed by founder and publisher. Frequency of Journal MAŠINSTVO is 4 issues a year. Manuscripts are not returned

Časopis objavljuje naučne i stručne radove i informacije od interesa za stručnu i privrednu javnost iz oblasti mašinstva i srodnih grana vezanih za područje primjene i izučavanja mašinstva. Posebno se obrađuju slijedeće tematike: - tehnologija prerade metala, plastike i gume, - projektovanje i konstruisanje mašina i postrojenja, - projektovanje proizvodnih sistema, - energija, - održavanje sredstava za rad, - kvalitet, efikasnost sistema i upravljanje proizvodnim i poslovnim sistemima, - informacije o novim knjigama, - informacije o naučnim skupovima - informacije sa Univerziteta,

The journal publishes scientific and professional papers and information of interest to professional and economic releases in mechanical engineering and related fields. In particular, the following topics are treated: - Technology for processing metal, plastic and rubber, - Design and construction of machines and plants, - The design of production systems, - Energy, - Maintenance funds for the work, - Quality and efficiency of the system and the management of production and business systems, - Information about new books, - Information about scientific meetings - Information from the University,

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RIJEČ UREDNIKA Poštovane kolegice i kolege po uobičajenoj koncepciji Časopisa i u ovom (59-tom) broju predstavljamo Vam pet radova različitog karaktera autora iz Slovenije i Bosne i Hercegovine. Dva od njih se odnose na upravljanje proizvodnjom (prerada drveta) i nastala su kao dio istraživanja pri izradi doktorskih disertacija. Druga dva rada predstavljaju dijelove živih praktičnih projekata koje obično klasifikujemo u oblast ekologije (korištenje otpadnih autoguma u industriji cementa i sistem prečišćavanja otpadnih voda u jednom velikom gradu u BiH) Peti rad je iz područja održavanja o mogućnostima identifikacije uzroka otkaza na jednom složenom tehničkom sistemu. U okviru informacija iznosimo osnovne informacije o već tradicionalnoj međunarodnoj naučno-stručnoj konferenciji TMT 2018, koja je održava u Českoj Republici – Karlove Vari. Takođe pozivamo autore na dva događanja u Zenici: - 11. Naučno-stručnu konferenciju QUALITY

2019-juni 2019 i - stručni seminar pod nazivom Određivanje-

mjerenje uspješnosti održavanja (novembar 2018)

Na prvoj strani korica predstavljamo jednu laboratoriju Instituta „Kemala Kapetanović“ Univerziteta u Zenici a na zadnjoj strani korica predstavljamo jedan uspješan sistem iz oblasti prerade drveta. Očekujemo Vaš doprinos razvoju struke i nauke, na Vašu korist, korist naše zemlje BiH i svijeta

Vaš glavni i odgovorni urednikProf. emeritus dr. Safet Brdarević

EDITORIAL Dear Colleagues according to the usual concept of the Journal and in this (59th) issue we present five papers of different character from the authors from Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Two of them relate to production management (wood processing) and were created as part of the research of the doctoral dissertations. The other two works represent parts of live practical projects that are commonly classified in the field of ecology (the use of waste incinerators in the cement industry and the waste water treatment system in one big city in BiH). The fifth paper deals with the ability to identify the cause of a failure on a complex technical system. Within the information we provide basic information about the already traditional international scientific and expert conference TMT 2018, which is held in the Czech Republic - Karlove Vari. We also invite authors to two events in Zenica: - 11. Scientific-Professional Conference QUALITY 2019-June 2019 and - a professional seminar titled Determining-Measuring Successful Maintenance (November 2018) At the first side of the chassis we present a laboratory of the Institute "Kemal Kapetanović" University of Zenica and on the back of the chassis we present a successful system in the field of wood processing. We expect your contribution to the development of profession and science to your benefit, the benefit of our country of BiH and the world Your editor in chief Prof. emeritus dr. Safet Brdarević

SADRŽAJ

1. Istraživanje odnosa tehnološke sposobnosti i brzine osvajanja novog proizvoda u industriji namještaja od masivnog drveta Brdarević S., Murčo O., Hasanić S. 129 2. Planiranje potrebnih kapaciteta u msp; pristup računarom podržan inžinjering Lisica A. 141 3. How to Determine the Cause and Source of Hydraulic Oil Varnishing Lovrenc D.; Tič V. 153

4. Prerada komunalnog otpada kao alternativnog goriva u industriji cementa

Bajtarević A., Bajtarević A., Hadžikadunić F. 159 5. Tretman otpadnih voda Grada Zenice Mešić, H. 171 Informacije 180 Uputstvo za autore 182

CONTENTS

1. Research on Relationship of Technological Capability and Speed of New Product Development in the Industry of Massive Wood Brdarević S., Murčo O., Hasanić S. 129 2. Capacity Requirements Planning in SME`s; A Computer Aided Engineering Approach Lisica A. 141 3. How to Determine the Cause and Source of Hydraulic Oil Varnishing Lovrenc D.; Tič V. 153 4. Co-Processing of Municipal Waste as Alternative Fuel in Cement Industry Bajtarević A., Bajtarević A., Hadžikadunić F. 159 5. Wastewater Treatment of the City of Zenica Mešić, H. 171

Informations 180

Instruction for authors 182

Mašinstvo 3(15), 129 – 140, (2018) S. Brdarević et al.: RESEARCH ON RELATIONSHIP….

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ISTRAŽIVANJE ODNOSA TEHNOLOŠKE SPOSOBNOSTI I BRZINE OSVAJANJA NOVOG PROIZVODA U INDUSTRIJI NAMJEŠTAJA OD

MASIVNOG DRVETA

RESEARCH ON RELATIONSHIP OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY AND SPEED OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN

THE INDUSTRY OF MASSIVE WOOD

Safet Brdarević Murčo Obučina Sanin Hasanić Univerzitet u Zenici Mašinski fakultet u Zenici Univerzitet u Sarajevu Mašinski fakultet u Sarajevu Secom d.o.o.Visoko Ključne riječi: Tehnološka sposobnost,brzina osvajanja novog proizvoda,industrija namještaja. Keywords: Technological capability, new product development speed, furniture industry Paper received: 05.07.2018. Paper accepted: 21.09.2018.

Originalan naučni rad REZIME Veći stepen finalizacije proizvoda i proizvodnja gotovog namještaja, danas je izazov za sve prerađivače drveta. Proizvodnja namještaja od masivnog drveta postaje sve zastupljenija i predstavlja izuzetnu šansu za drvoprerađivačku industriju BiH. Poznavanje sposobnosti procesa za određenu kompaniju kao i određenih procesa koji prethode izradi prototipa-uzoraka je od krucijalne važnosti za uspješno dogovaranje i provođenje dalje poslovne saradnje sa kupcima. Cilj ovoga rada je odrediti najutjecajnije faktore na sposobnosti tehnološkog procesa i izvršiti rangiranje kriterija koji utječu na stabilnost i uporediti ih sa faktorima koji utiču na brzinu osvajanja novog proizvoda i odrediti korelaciju između njih. Istraživanjem, koje je provedeno u ovom radu izvršena je ocjena tehnološke sposobnosti, zajedno sa menadžmentom kompanija, kao i istraživanje vezano za mogućnosti osvajanja i brzinu osvajanja novog proizvoda i traženje karakterističnih mjesta za poboljšanje upravljanja kvalitetom. Rezultati ovog istraživanja će biti polazna osnova za definisanje odnosa između tehnološke sposobnosti i brzine osvajanja novog proizvoda i njihov će se odnos istražiti putem χ2 testa te potvrditi pomoću testa kontigencije i Spearmanova koeficijenta korelacije ranga.

Original Scientific Paper

SUMMARY Higher level of finalization of new product and production of furniture presents the challenge for all manufacturers of wood. Production of massive wood furniture becomes dominant and presents extraordinary chance for wood product manufacturing industry in B&H. Being introduced with the process capability of the certain company and certain processes, which preceded by built prototype-samples, is of crucial importance for successful agreement and further business cooperation with customers. The aim of this paper work is to determine the most influencing factors on the capability of technological process and to make ranking of criteria influencing on stability and to compare them with factors that have influence on the speed of new product development and to determine correlation between them. Research, carried out in this work, gave the result on estimation of technological capability, done with the company management, including the research related to the speed and development of new product development looking at the same time characteristic spots for improvement of quality management. Results of this research will be the starting point for defining relations between technological capability and the speed of new product development and their relations will be examined throughout χ2 test which will be confirmed throughout the contingency test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.


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1. UVOD Veći stepen finalizacije proizvoda i proizvodnja gotovog namještaja, danas je izazov za sve prerađivače drveta. Proizvodnja namještaja od masivnog drveta postaje sve zastupljenija u svijetu i predstavlja izuzetnu šansu za drvoprerađivačku industriju BiH. Nakon rata, veliki sistemi za preradu drveta su ili ugašeni ili pred zatvaranjem, dok su mala i srednja preduzeća u stalnoj ekspanziji i preuzimaju ulogu koju su ovi sistemi zauzimali. Razvojni put malih i srednjih kompanija je gotovo isti. Postepeno se ulazilo u sve dalje faze obrade drveta i danas imamo situaciju da se većina odlučuje na proizvodnju namještaja od masivnog drveta ili kombinacije ploča vlaknatica sa masivnim drvetom. Strategija razvoja drvne industrije BiH trebala bi da se zasniva na komparativnim prednostima u odnosu na proizvođače iz drugih država. Osnovna komparativna prednost drvne industrije BiH, ako se posmatra segment masivnog namještaja, je da trenutno u BiH postoje četiri kompanije za proizvodnju masivnih ploča, koje se i u evropskim mjerilima smatraju izuzetno značajne, i veliki broj malih proizvođača, tako da je sirovinska baza za krajnji proizvod, masivni namještaj sigurna i izuzetno visokog kvaliteta [8]. Kupci traže proizvođače za već postojeće proizvode na tržištu, koji mogu obezbjediti i poštovati kvalitet, rokove isporuka, količine i cijenu. Međutim, u ovoj fazi proizvođači najčešće i prave greške. Vrlo je bitno odrediti tehnološku sposobnost kompanije kao i poznavati model prerade sirovine od ulaza - rezanja trupaca sa visokim koeficijentima iskorištenja kao i odrediti ko su kupci naših proizvoda. Kako je, danas, najčešći oblik rada domaćih kompanija rad za poznatog kupca koji poznaje karakteristike potrebnog proizvoda poznavanje sposobnosti procesa za određenu kompaniju kao i određenih procesa koji prethode izradi prototipa-uzorka je od krucijalne važnosti za uspješno dogovaranje i provođenje dalje poslovne saradnje sa kupcima. Cilj ovoga rada je odrediti najutjecajnije faktore na sposobnosti tehnološkog procesa i izvršiti rangiranje kriterija koji utječu na stabilnost i uporediti ih sa faktorima koji utiču na brzinu osvajanja novog proizvoda i odrediti korelaciju između njih.

1. INTRODUCTION Higher level of finalization of new product and production of furniture presents the challenge for all manufacturers of wood. Production of massive wood furniture becomes dominant and presents extraordinary chance for wood product manufacturing industry in B&H. After the war, huge systems for wood manufacturing are either closed or near to be shutdown, while small and medium sized enterprises are in constant expansion and they take over the role which was in possession of these systems. Developing path of small and medium enterprises is almost the same. Gradually they have been accepting further phases of wood processing and today we have situation that most of them are oriented on the production of massive furniture or combination of fibreboard with massive wood. Development strategy of wood industry in B&H should be based on comparative advantages in relation to wood manufacturers from other countries. If we take into consideration the segment of massive furniture, the basic comparative advantage of the wood industry in BiH is that there are four companies for production of massive boards in B&H, considered as very significant per European criterion, and a number of smaller manufacturers so the row-material basis for the final product (massive furniture) is safe and of extremely high quality [8]. Customers are looking for companies that will produce already existing products on the market, who are able to provide and meet deadline delivery, quality, quantity and prices. However, in this phase the most frequently, producers make mistakes. It is very important to define technological capability and to know the process model of raw-material entry- sawmill production with high efficiency of raw-material utilisation and to determine who are the customers of our products. Since nowadays the most common business way of domestic companies is the business with the known customer who knows characteristic of needed product, the competence of capability process for the certain company and processes preceded by made prototype-sample is of crucial importance for successful agreement and implementation of further business cooperation with customers The aim of this paper work is to determine the most influencing factors on the capability of technological process and to make ranking of criteria influencing on stability and to compare them with factors that have influence on the speed of new product development and to determine correlation between them.


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2. ODREĐIVANJE TEHNOLOŠKE SPOSOBNOSTI (TS) Prema istraživanjima [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], dati su prijedlozi za ocjenu tehnološke sposobnosti koji će, u ovom slučaju, biti modifikovani i korigovani prema zahtjevima i karakteristikama proizvodnje masivnog namještaja. Ovaj model ocjene predstavlja kombinaciju više modela i jasno određuje karakteristike za industriju masivnog namještaja. Takođe, rezultati ovog istraživanja će biti polazna osnova za definisanje odnosa između tehnološke sposobnosti i brzine osvajanja novog proizvoda, gdje će se njihov odnos istražiti putem HI kvadrat -χ2 testa te potvrditi pomoću testa kontigencije i Spearmanove korelacije ranga. Ovdje je vrlo važno naglasiti, što je i predmetom rada, da pronalaženje odnosa između tehnološke sposobnosti, brzine osvajanja novih proizvoda odnosno uvođenja i primjene inovacija , predstavlja krucijalnu ulogu u daljem opstanku kompanije. Sve ove metode imaju za cilj da pokažu da li su proces, radni metod, radnik, sredstvo rada, alat i pribor u stanju da održe proizvodni proces unutar dozvoljenih granica.Takođe, kao svrhu imaju da se usmjere aktivnosti na sprečavanje pojave neusaglašenosti i stalno praćenje parametara procesa. Model definisanja tehnološke sposobnosti, dalje, treba da izvrši i obrazloži vrednovanje kriterija, koji utječu na sposobnost tehnološkog procesa u proizvodnji namještaja. Postoji više metoda određivanja tehnološke sposobnosti, a one sve imaju za cilj jasno definisanje kako sposobnosti tako i slabosti pojedinih procesa unutar kompanija. Model određivanja tehnološke sposobnosti koji će biti korišten u ovom radu je sublimacija više različitih alata i metoda upravljanja kvalitetom i analitičkih metoda. Određivanje i rangiranje kriterija koji utiču na kvalitet proizvoda i brzinu osvajanja novog proizvoda od izuzetne je važnosti za postizanje optimalnih rezultata poslovanja. Prethodna istraživanja grupe autora potvrđuju kako se upotrebom odgovarajuće metode koja uzima u obzir sve kriterije (kvantitativne i kvalitativne), omogućuje vrednovanje i određivanje i ponuđene alternative i u skladu sa tim poslovanje sa više sigurnosti [10]. Model koji je izabran za evaluaciju tehnološke sposobnosti kompanija, koje se bave proizvodnjom namještaja, sastoji se od sedam osnovnih elemenata [2]:

2. DETERMINATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY (TC) According to researches [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], proposals for estimation of technological capability are presented. These proposals, in this case, will be modified and adjusted to customers’ demands and characteristics of production of massive furniture. This model of estimation presents the combination of more models and clearly defines characteristics for the industry of massive furniture. Also results of this research will be the starting point for defining relations between technological capability and the speed of new product development and their relations will be examined throughout HI- squared test (χ2) that will be confirmed through the contingency test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Here is very important to emphasize and it presents the subject of this work that identification of relations between technological capability, speed of new product development i.e. deployment and implementation of innovation present the crucial role in the further existence of the company. All these methods have the aim to show whether the process, working method, worker, and means of work, tools and equipment are able to provide sustainable production process within authorized limits. The purpose of these methods is to direct activities on prevention of appearance of non-conformity and constantly follow parameters of the process. Further on, the model of defining technological capability needs to accomplish and explain validation of criteria that have influence on capability of technological process in furniture production. There are numbers of methods of determination of technological capability and all of them have the purpose to clearly define capability and weaknesses of certain processes within the company. The model of determination of technological capability, used in this work, is the sublimation of several different tools and quality management methods and analysis methods. Determination and ranking of criteria that have influence on the product quality and speed of new product development is of extraordinary importance for accomplishing optimal business results. Preliminary researches, done by group of authors, confirm that the use of an adequate method taking into consideration all criteria (quantitative and qualitative) enables the valuation and determination and offered alternatives and in accordance with that offer business with higher security [10].


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1. Liderstvo 2. Ljudski potencijal 3. Zadovoljstvo zainteresovanih 4. Rezultati 5. Upravljanje procesima 6. Proizvod 7. Sistemi upravljanja

U principu postupak se svodi na vrednovanje tehnološke sposobnosti za različite kriterije i ocjena od 1 (najslabiji rezultati i sposobnosti) do 5 (najbolji rezultati i sposobnosti). Model, koji je izabran u ovom radu oslanja se na EFQM model izvrsnosti [7]. Svi elementi moraju biti jasno definisani i dati podkriteriji koji će se ocjenjivati u postupku istraživanja tehnološke sposobnosti. 3. RAZVOJ NOVOG PROIZVODA Proces razvoja novog proizvoda provodi se kroz slijedeće faze i podfaze: • definisanje strategije razvoja

proizvoda: o generisanje ideja o novom proizvodu, o testiranje i upoređivanje ideja o novom

proizvodu, o razvoj i testiranje koncepcije novog

proizvoda, o razvoj strategije marketinga za

upravljanje novim proizvodom, i o procjena potencijala prodaje novog

proizvoda. • razvoj proizvoda i procesa, • komercijalizacija i testiranje tržišta, i • lansiranje proizvoda i evaluacija.

Brzina osvajanja novog proizvoda (BONP), za jednu kompaniju, zavisi od mnogo faktora. U suštini, razvoj (osvajanje) novog proizvoda u nekoj kompaniji potiče napore i uslovljava određene faze rada na rješavanju problema, po strukturi, neovisno od stepena složenosti, inventivnosti, vrsti i veličini ulaganja, korištenja i iskoristivosti naučnih, tehnoloških i stručnih potencijala, kao i vremena potrebnog za odvijanje pojedinih razvojnih faza. Na primjer, vrijeme potrebno za razvoj, odnosno osvajanje novog proizvoda do plasmana na tržište i pune komercijalizacije sastoji se od :

− vremena u kojem se, od nastanka originalne ideje vrše osnovna istraživanja i ispitivanja vezana za stvaranje potrebnih saznanja o proizvodu, procesu i tehnologiji,

The model chosen for evaluation of technological capability of the company producing the furniture consists of seven basic elements [2]: 1. Leadership 2 .Human resources 3. Stakeholder Satisfaction 4. Results 5 .Process management 6 .Product 7. Management systems Basically, the procedure is based on validation of technological capability for different criteria and it is evaluated from 1 (the weakest capability result) to 5 (the best capability result). The model chosen in this paper work relays on EFQM model of excellence [14].All elements have to be clearly defined and sub-criteria must be given which will be evaluated in the procedure of technological capability research. 3. NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT The process of new product development is implemented through following phases and sub-phases: • Defining the strategy of product

development: o generate ideas about the new product o testing and comparing ideas about the

new product, o developing and testing design of new

product, o developing the marketing strategy for

the new product o estimation of sale potential of the new product

• Development of the product and the process, • Marketing and market testing, and • Launching the product and evaluation.

The speed of the new product development (NPD) in one company depends on various factors. Basically, development of the new product stimulate efforts and bring about certain phases of work on problem solving, regardless of the complexity level, inventiveness, type and amount of investment, usage and efficiency of scientific, technological and professional potential including the time needed for developing phase progress. For example, time needed for new product development till it reaches the market and full marketing consist of:

− time when the original idea was created referring to conducted researches and testing related to generating knowledge of the product, production, process and technology ,


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− vremena inkubacije, kada se od faze shvatanja da je za kompaniju moguće materijalizovati ideju o novom proizvodu u odgovarajuće tehničko rješenje - sve do trenutka njenog uvođenja u fazu komercijalne primjene,

− vremena komercijalnog razvoja - koji obuhvata vrijeme od momenta kada je utvrđena mogućnost komercijalizacije novog proizvoda - do realizacije proizvoda ili procesa, i

− vremena komercijalnog rasta - u kojem se proizvod ili tehnologija plasira kupcu i industriji.

4. EKSPERIMENTALNI DIO ISTRAŽIVANJA RADA KOMPANIJA ZA PROIZVODNJU NAMJEŠTAJA Eksperimentalni dio počeo je definisanjem i određivanjem kompanija koje će učestvovati u istraživanju. Odabrano je deset kompanija koje se isključivo bave obradom drveta i proizvodnjom namještaja od masivnog drveta i u proizvodnji vrlo malo ili nikako ne koriste ostale drvne materijale. Takođe, iako je uzorak relativno mali, izvršeno je dubinsko istraživanje načina rada kroz konstantne kontakte i posjete izabranih kompanija i cilj je bio da dobijemo jasnu sliku o svakoj od istraženih kompanija. Istraživanje načina rada kompanija koje se bave proizvodnjom masivnog namještaja sastojalo se od:

• definisanja kompanija koje će učestvovati u istraživanju,

• posjeta kompanijama i praćenja rada, • eksperimentalnog dijela i • kvalitativne i kvantitativne analize

rezultata sa menadžmentom kompanija.

• Posjete i praćenje rada odvijalo se u kompanijama gdje su kao reprezenti uzete kompanije:

• sa različitim stepenom obrade ulazne sirovine,

• različitim stepenom tehnološke sposobnosti,

• različitim tržištima, i • sa različitim vrstama kupaca.

U ovim kompanijama izvršena je ocjena tehnološke sposobnosti, zajedno sa menadžmentom kompanija, te na taj način data ocjena izvršena kombinovanom metodom.

− time of incubation, starting from the phase of understanding that the company is able to materialized the idea about the new product with suitable technical solution till the moment of its complete implementation into the phase of marketing,

− time of marketing development – taking the time from the moment of possible commercialization of the new product till realization of product or process, and

− time of commercial growth – when the product or technology is launched to customer and industry.

4. EXPERIMENTAL PART OF WORK MODE RESEARCH OF FURNITURE PRODUCTION COMPANIES Experimental part started with defining and determination of companies which would take part in the research. Ten companies were selected that exclusively process the wood, produce massive furniture and use less or use not at all other wood materials. Although the sample is of small size, deep research of mode of work was conducted through constant contacts and visits of chosen companies and the aim was to get clear picture of each selected companies. Research of mode of work of companies producing the massive furniture consisted of:

• Defining companies taking part in the research

• Visits of companies and surveying the mode of work

• Experimental part and • Quantitative and quality result analysis

with the company management Visits and surveying of work was done in the companies:

• with different degree of raw-material processing,

• different level of technological capability,

• different markets and • with different customers .

The estimation of technological capability was done together with the management of companies and in that way we got estimation using the combined method. f


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Princip prikupljanja podataka je bio takav da su podaci prikupljani za sve kompanije identično i ocjenjivanje tehnološke sposobnosti je provedeno zajedno sa top menadžmentom svih kompanija. Na taj način će se odrediti tehnološka sposobnost kompanija i odrediti uticajni faktori na tehnološku sposobnost. Drugi dio istraživanja, koji se odnosi na brzinu osvajanja novog proizvoda i definisanje karakterističnih mjesta za poboljšanje upravljanja kvalitetom je proveden na identičan način i svi podaci su jasno zabilježeni. Fokus istraživanja je na kvantitativnim karakteristikama, kroz prikupljanje podataka i analizu faktora koji utiču na TS i BONP. Rezultati ovog istraživanja će biti polazna osnova za definisanje odnosa između tehnološke sposobnosti i brzine osvajanja novog proizvoda i njihov će se odnos istražiti putem χ2 testa te potvrditi pomoću testa kontigencije i Spearmanova koeficijenta korelacije ranga. Analizi načina rada i položaja kompanija mora se pristupiti kao višestrukom problemu. Njome moraju biti obuhvaćeni sljedeći segmenti [8]:

• aktivnosti koji prethode procesu proizvodnje kroz zahtjeve,

• okruženja i rješavanje odnosa sa dobavljačima,

• aktivnosti procesa koji rezultira proizvodom, i

• postprodajne aktivnosti (transport, servisiranje, način rješavanja reklamacija, pravci daljih mogućih poboljšanja).

Sve prethodne analize bi trebale da kao rezultat imaju određivanje odnosa i eventualne korelacije između brzine osvajanja novog proizvoda i tehnološke sposobnosti koji povezuje značajne informacije sa tržišta i zahtjeve za gotov proizvod, kao i određivanje kritičnih kontrolnih tačaka u proizvodnji što bi trebalo da rezultuje povećanjem kvaliteta proizvoda i poboljšanjem procesa kontrole kvaliteta. Kao rezultat, kompanije koje se bave proizvodnjom masivnog namještaja, mogle bi očekivati sljedeće:

• da se definiše odnos i postojanje korelacije između brzine osvajanja novog proizvoda (BONP) i tehnološke sposobnosti (TS),

• odrede potencijalna mjesta na koje se može uticati sa ciljem poboljšanja kvaliteta,

The principle of data collection was that data were identically collected in all companies and the estimation of technological capability was done together with the top management in all companies. In this way we are able to determined technological capability and influencing factors on technological capability. The second part of the research related to the new product development and definition of characteristic spots for improvement of quality management was identically conducted and all dated were clearly registered. The focus of the research is on quantitative characteristics through collection of data and analysis of factors that have influence on TC and NPD. Results of this research will be the starting point for defining relations between technological capability and the speed of new product development and their relations will be examined throughout χ2 test which will be confirmed throughout the contingency test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Analysis of working mode and position of companies must be viewed as multiplied problem. It must include the following segments [8]:

• activities preceding the production process through demands

• environment and settling relations with supplier

• process activity resulting in product and • post-selling activities (transport,

maintenance, way of handling complaints, directions for future possible improvements)

All previous analyses as the result should show determination of relations and possible correlations between the speed of the new product development and technological capability that connect significant information from the market and demands for the final product and determination of critical spots in the production what should result in enhancement of product quality and improvement of quality control process. As companies producing the massive furniture, the following could be expected as the result:

• defining relation and correlation between the new product development (NPD) and technological capability (TC),

• determination of potential spots with possibility to have influence on them in order to enhance quality,


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• trebao bi da predstavlja alat za unapređivanje sistema menadžmenta kvalitetom,

• obezbjeđenje preduslova za uključivanje u tokove globalnog tržišta, i

• primjena modela upravljanja kvalitetom za novi proizvod, uz poštovanje principa kontinualnog unapređivanja, omogućava postizanje zadovoljstva kupaca, što na kraju rezultuje boljim poslovnim rezultatima preduzeća.

Kako je prethodno navedeno, fokus istraživanja je na kvantitativnim karakteristikama, kroz prikupljanje podataka i analizu saglasnosti datih hipoteza koje se testiraju i pomoću kojih određujemo faktore koji utiču na TS. Kako je prije navedeno, TS je evaluirana na osnovu sljedećih faktora: TS = f ( 1X LID, 2X UP, 3X LjP, 4X ZZ, 5X

REZ, 6X SU, 7X PR).................. ...................(4.1)

gdje je: LID - Liderstvo, koje je bilo predmetom rada [9], istražuje se u dijelu opredjeljenosti top menadžmenta za promjene, definisanje vizije, jasne strategije razvoja, kroz uvođenje novih tehnologija i izradu novih proizvoda. UP - Upravljanje procesima, koje će biti istraženo u dijelu mogućnosti kompanija da brzo odgovore zahtjevima kupca za novim proizvodom, sa jasno definisanim glavnim i pomoćnim procesima, kriterijima za uspješnost te definisanim postupcima sa CNC mašinama. Ovdje će biti jasno naznačene i tražene sposobnosti kompanija da osvoje novi proizvod i dalje da ga tehnološki obrade. LjP - Ljudski potencijal, će biti istražen u domenu tehnološke sposobnosti kompanija da mogu podržati osvajanje novih proizvoda i da će to biti podržano znanjem i osposobljenošću zaposlenih, kontinuiranom edukacijom i kulturom rada u timovima. ZZ - Zadovoljstvo zainteresovanih, istražit će se u dijelu uticaja zainteresovanih strana kao što su kupci, radnici, nadležne institucije na TS kompanija i BONP. REZ - Rezultati će se istražiti u dijelu uticaja TS i BON na konačne rezultate kompanija, uvođenju inovacija i tehničkih unapređenja te potražnji na tržištu.

• should present the tool to improve system of quality management,

• provide pre-condition for launching into flows of global market ,

• applying the model of new product respecting the principle of continuous improvement , and

• provides the customers’ satisfaction what in the end results in better business of the company.

As previously mentioned, the focus of the research is on quantitative characteristics through collection of data and analysis of given hypothesis that are tested and through which we determined factors that have influence on TC. As previously mentioned and according to [24, 40, 44, 45, and 60], TC was evaluated on the basis of following factors:

TC = f ( 1X LEAD, 2X PM, 3X HR, 4X SS,

5X RES, 6X SM, 7X PR).......................(4.1.) where is: LEAD - Leadership, that was the subject of work [9], is researched in the part of willingness of top management for changes, defining the vision, clear development strategy, through applying new technologies and development of new products. PM - Process management will be researched in the part of the company competence to react promptly on customers’ demands for the new product with clearly defined main and assisting processes, criteria for successfulness and defined procedures on CNC machines. In this part, the company competences will be clearly specified and the company capability to develop the new product and further technologically processed the product will be requested. HR - Human resources will be researched under domain of technological company capability able to assist the new product development that will be supported through knowledge and qualification of employees, continuous education and culture of teamwork. SS - Stakeholder satisfaction will be researched in the part explaining the influence of all interested parties as workers, institutions authorized for company technological capability and new product development. RES – Results will be researched in the part showing the influence of TC and NPD on the final results of the company, bringing innovations and technical improvements and market demand.


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SU - Sistem upravljanja će biti obrađen u dijelu istraživanja kompanija te da li posjeduju neke od sistema upravljanja kvalitetom. PR - Proizvod u dijelu sposobnostikompanije da osvoje novi proizvod u što kraćem vremenu sa traženom dobiti za kompaniju . Istraživanje se sastojalo od tri povezane cjeline. U prvoj (1) je izvršena, zajedno sa top menadžmentom, ocjena TS kompanija, zatim, u drugom (2) za date uticajne faktore izvršeno je istraživanje koje se odnosi BONP i ti podaci su obrađeni pomoću χ2 testa te potvrđeni pomoću testa kontigencije i Spearmanova koeficijenta korelacije, te u trećem dijelu istražene su karakteristike poslovanja te postojanje karak-terističnih mjesta (3) koja znatno utiču na kvalitet. Istraživanje-prikupljanje informacija u odabranim poslovnim sistemima u BiH izvršeno je kroz posjete kompanijama, razgovor sa mendžmentom te popunjavanjem upitnika. U istraživanju su korištene tehnike koje se koriste za obradu podataka i to:

• za testiranje značajnosti distribucije frekvencija po kategorijama uticajnih faktora odnosno dobijenih varijabli , hi-kvadrat test,

• povezanosti između dvije takve varijable, koeficijent kontingencije-C, i

• povezanost ranga uticajnih faktora, odnosno korelaciju među uticajnim faktorima provedena po Spearman-u,

U ovom postupku, prvo smo sa statističkom značajnosti p=0,05, da nema značajnih razlika između dobijene i očekivane frekvencije u odgovarajućim kategorijama, analizirali varijable te pokazali da je njihov uticaj na TS i BONP značajan. Nakon što je pomoću Hi-kvadrat test dokazana povezanost uticajnih faktora na TS i BONP i njihova značajnost, pomoću testa kontigencije određena je mjera povezanosti između uticajnih faktora na TS i BONP. Kako je vrijednost koeficijenta kontigencije 0. kada nema povezanosti a 1. kada je potpuna povezanost, za naše istraživanje imali smo da je prema testu kontigencije dokazana povezanost uticajnih faktora na TS i BONP te data mjera značajnosti pojedinih faktora. Dalje smo u istraživanju istražili da li postoji korelacija između uticajnih faktora na TS i BONP pomoću Spearmanove korelacije ranga te dokazali značajnost veze.

SM – System management will be covered in the part related to the research of companies whether they posses some systems of quality control. PR- Product will be researched in the part of the company capability to develop the new product in short time as possible gaining the expected profit. The researched was consisted of the three coherent parts. The first part (1) together with the top management covers the estimation of TC of companies; the second part covers the research of NPD based on provided influencing factors and those data are processed by using χ2 test and confirmed throughout the contingency test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; the third part (3) covers the research of business characteristics and existence of characteristic spots having significant influence on the quality. The research-collection of information in selected business systems in BiH was contacted through visits of companies, talks with the management and completion of questionnaire Within the research, techniques applied for data processing were used as follows: • HI-square - for testing the importance of

distribution, frequency per categories of influencing factors i.e. obtained variables,

• Contingency coefficient C – correlation of two obtained variables, and

• Spearman's rank correlation coefficient – connection between rank of influencing factors i.e. correlation between factors

In this procedure taking the statistic value p=0,05 that there are no significant difference between obtained and expected frequency in relevant categories, we analyzed variables and showed that their influence on TC and NPD is of significant importance. After the use of HI-square test proved the connection of influencing factors on TC and NPD and showed their importance, using the contingency test we determined the measure connection between influencing factors on TC and NPD. Since the value of contingency coefficient is 0, when there is no connection and 1 when is completely connected, for our research we had: according the results of contingency test the connection of influencing factors on TC and NPD was proven and importance measure of certain factors was provided. Further on, we researched whether there is correlation between influencing factors on TC and NPD and using the Spearman's rank correlation we proved the importance of that correlation.


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Provođenjem ovih postupaka dobili smo vrijednosti za pojedine koeficijente date u sljedećoj tabeli (Tebela 1):

By implementation of these procedures we got values for certain coefficients that are presented in the following table (Table 1.):

Tabela 1. Izračunate vrijednosti po kategorijama uticajnih faktora na TS i BONP Table 1. Calculated values per categories of influencing factors on TC and NPD

Criteria Values χ2 TS-TC

Values χ2 BOND-NPD

Contingency Coefficient C TS-TC

Contingency Coefficient C BONP-NPD

Spearman's Correlation Coefficient

Leadership 0,75 2,08 0,264 0,415 0,714 Process Management

0,75 5,5 0,264 0,412 0,661

Human Resources

5,5 1,25 0,596 0,330 0,754

Stakeholder Satisfaction

1,3 1,8 0,339 0,391 0,813

Results 2,92 0,5 0,475 0,218 0,908 Management System

2 2 0,408 0,408 0,75

Product 5,83 2,62 0,607 0,456 0,34 Vrijednosti i interpretacija pojedinih koeficijenata prikazani su u sljedećim tabelama:

Values and interpretation of certain coefficients are shown in the following tables:

Tabela 2. Vrijednosti χ2 za sve kriterije koji se odnose na TS Tabele 2. Values χ2 for all criteria related to TC


RESULT

Leadership 2,08 Satisfactory Process Management 5,5 Satisfactory Human Resources 1,25 Satisfactory Stakeholder Satisfaction 1,8 Satisfactory Results 0,5 Satisfactory Management System 2 Satisfactory Product 2,62 Satisfactory

Tabela 3. Vrijednosti χ2 za sve kriterije koji se odnose na BONP Tabele 2. Values χ2 for all criteria related to NPD


RESULT

Leadership 0,75 Satisfactory Process Management 0,75 Satisfactory Human Resources 5,5 Satisfactory Stakeholder Satisfaction 1,3 Satisfactory Results 2,92 Satisfactory Management System 2 Satisfactory Product 5,83 Satisfactory


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Table 4. Vrijednosti i interpretacija koeficijenata kontigencije za TS i BOND Table 4. Values and interpretation of contingency for TC and NPD

Criteria Contingency Coefficient C TS-TC

Interpretation of contingency coefficient for TC

Contingency Coefficient C BONP-NPD

Interpretation of contingency coefficient for NPD

Leadership 0,264 Low connection 0,415 Effective connection

Process Management 0,264 Low connection 0,412 Effective connection

Human Resources 0,596 Effective connection

0,330 Low connection

Stakeholder Satisfaction 0,339 Small Connection 0,391 Low connectionResults 0,475 Effective

connection0,218 Low connection

Management System 0,408 Effective connection

0,408 Effective connection

Product 0,607 Effective connection

0,456 Effective connection

Tabela 5. Vrijednosti i interpretacija Spearmanova koeficijenta ta TS i BONP Table 5. Values and interpretation of Spearman's coeffcient for TC and NPD

Criteria Spearman's Correlation Coefficient

RESULT

Leadership 0,714 High connection Process Management 0,661 High connectionHuman Resources 0,754 High connectionStakeholder Satisfaction 0,813 Very high connection Results 0,908 Very high connection Management System 0,75 High connection Product 0,34 Low connection

Na ovaj način je dokazano da postoji korelacija između svih traženih uticajnih faktora na TS i BONP i da se ona kreće od visoke do vrlo visoke povezanosti, kada govorimo o značajnosti korelacije, osim u slučaju uticajnog faktora Proizvod kada je ona interpretirana kao niska povezanost. Na osnovu prije iznesenih stavova, TS je evaluirana na osnovu sljedećih faktora: TS = f ( 1X LID 2X UP, 3X LjP, 4X ZZ,

REZ, 6X SU, 7X PR)

Istraživanjem je dokazana da postoji izuzetno jaka korelacija između uticajnih faktora kako na TS tako i BONP te možemo reći da vrijedi: BONP = f (TS)..........................................(4.2.)

In this way it has been proven that there is correlation between all searched influencing factors on TC and NPD and it goes from high to very high connection considering the importance of correlation except in the case of influencing factor Product that has been interpreted as low connection. On the basis of previous presented statements, and in accordance to [24], [40], [60], TC was evaluated on the basis of following factors: TC = f ( 1X LEAD, 2X PM, 3X HR, 4X SS,

5X RES, 6X SM, 7X PR) The research has proven that there is extremely high correlation between influencing factors on TC and NPD and we can say that following form la is valid: NPD = f (TS)………………………...…..(4.2.)

5X


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5. ZAKLJUČAK Istraživanje koje je provedeno u deset najznačajnijih kompanija koje se bave isključivo proizvodnjom namještaja od masivnog drveta pokazalo je da postoji visoka i vrlo visoka povezanost između TS i BONP za sve postavljene kriterije izuzev za kriterij Proizvod za koji je dokazana niska povezanost. To znači da kompanije koje žele da opstanu na tržištu,u u svom radu, moraju predvidjeti jasnu proceduru prilikom razvoja novog proizvoda, preuzeti i poštovati poznate i jasno propisane faze razvoja te na samom početku jasno prepoznati uticajne faktore na razvoj novog proizvoda.

5. CONCLUSION The research conducted in ten most significant companies that exclusively produce the massive furniture has proven that there is high and very high connection between TC and NPD for all set up criteria except the criteria Product for which it is proven low connection. It means that companies which want to survive on the market must foreseen the clear procedure while developing the new product, accept and respect already known and clearly defined phases of development and at very beginning to identify influencing factors on developing new product.

6. LITERATURA-REFERENCES [1] Greger K, Šegotić K., Grladinović

T.,Bičanić K., Perić I.: Rangiranje kriterija pri utvrđivanju sposobnosti tehnološkog procesa u proizvodnji namještaja, Šumarski list, 5–6, str. 279–285,2013.

[2] Kondić, Ž., Botak, Z., Maglić, L. : A self-assesment model development within small production system before initiation 6 methodology, Techncal Gazete 16, 1(2009), 15-24.

[3] Lopez-Salazar, A., Lopez-Mateo, C., Molina-Sanchez, R., (2104): What determines theTechnological Capabilities of the Agribussiness Sector in Mexico, Canadian centarr of Science and Educational, International Bussines research Vol. 7., No 10., 2014.

[4] Lugones, G., Gutti, p., Le Chlech, N.:Indicatores de capacidades tecnologiccas en America Latina,CEPAL-Series Estudios y Perspectivas (89) 1-68, 2007.

[5] Strukelj P.: Modeliranje in ocenjevanje tehnološke sposobnosti, doktorska disertacija, Fakulteta za menagement, Univerza na Primorskem, 2013.

[6] Greger S.: The nature of informations system, MIS Quaterly,30(3),p.p. 611642,2006.

[7] Bumgardner, Matthew (1998) : State University Character-marked Furniture: Perception, Critical Issues, and Barriers to Acceptance Among Mnufacturers and Retailers, doctor dissertation, Faculty of the Virginia Politechnic Institute and State University, Blackburg, Virginia,1998.

[8] Brdarević, S., Hasanić, S. (2009) : Kuća kvaliteta za proizvod drvena masivna ploča, Kvalitet 2009, str 57 – 62, Univerzitet u Zenici, Mašinski fakultet u Zenici, Zenica.

[9] Skoko, H. (2000) : Upravljanje kvalitetom, Sinergija d.o.o., Zagreb, 2000.

[10] Grladinović T. (1999) : Upravljanje proizvodnim sustavima u preradi drva proizvodnji namještaja, Šumarski fakultet u Zagrebu, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb.

Coresponding autor: Sanin Hasanić Secom d.o.o. Visoko e-mail: [email protected]


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Mašinstvo 3 (15), 141 – 152, (2018) A. Lisica: CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS PLANNING…

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PLANIRANJE POTREBNIH KAPACITETA U MSP; PRISTUP RAČUNAROM PODRŽAN INŽINJERING

CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS PLANNING IN SME`S; A COMPUTER

AIDED ENGINEERING APPROACH

Alan Lisica Ključne riječi: CRP, MSP, planiranje proizvodnje, namještaj, CAE Keywords: CRP, SME, production planning, furniture, CAE Paper received: 18.06.2018. Paper accepted: 24.09.2018.

Pregledni rad REZIME Planiranje i kontrola proizvodnje, kao jedna od upravljačkih odgovornosti u bilo kojoj proizvodnoj industriji, postala je sve slženija tokom posljednjih nekoliko decenija naročito u MSP. Skraćivanje vremena isporuke je apostrofirano kao glavna konkurentna prednost. Ovaj rad prikazuje CAE pristup za donošenje odluke PiKP-a u MSP za proizvodnju namještaja i pokazuje razvoj softvera za PPK koristeći Microsoft Office Excell okruženje.

Subject Review

SUMMARY Production planning and control, as one of the managerial responsibilities in any production industry, have become increasingly complex during the last few decades particularly in the SME`s. Shortening of lead-time has been addressed as a major competitive edge. This paper presents the CAE approach to arriving at PPC decision in a SME`s for furniture production and shows software development for CRP using Microsoft Office Excell environment.

1. UVOD Globalizacija ekonomskih aktivnosti povećala je industrijsku konkurenciju. Proizvodnja prilagođenih proizvoda, brze promjene proizvoda i proizvodnja po niskoj cijeni su zahtjevi tržišta. Intenziviranje konkurentnosti izaziva poboljšanje novog načina upravljanja proizvodnjom. Biti konkurentan obuhvata organizaciju protoka proizvodnje, i, prije svega, vrijeme za koje je metod odabran i primjenjen. Ovakva potreba primjećena je u preduzećima sa malo i srednjeserijskom proizvodnjom, u kojima se raspodjela zadataka resursima vrši prema lokalizovanim informacijama. S obzirom na ovu situaciju na tržištu, proizvodni procesi, i kao posljedica toga, planiranje i kontrola proizvodnje postale su sve kompleksnije tokom posljednjih nekoliko decenija. Zahtjevi tržišta imaju tendenciju povećanja raznolikosti, veće kvalitete i brze i tačne isporuke. Skraćivanje vremena isporuke, ne samo u proizvodnji, već i u dizajnu i planiranju, apostrofirano je kao glavna konkurentna prednost. Jedna od upravljačkih odgovornosti u bilo kojoj proizvodnoj industriji je planiranje i kontrola proizvodnje (PiKP) koji su po prirodi postali multi-resurs i jako komplikovani, zbog njenog inherentnog kapaciteta za poboljšanje produktivnosti i zadovoljstva kupaca u smislu brzog pružanja usluge.

1. INTRODUCTION The globalisation of economic activity has increased industrial competition. The production of customised products, short-time product changes and production at a low cost are a market requirements. The intensification of competitiveness provokes the improvement of a new method of manufacturing management. Being competitive involves the organisation method of production flow, and, first and foremost, the time at which the method is chosen and applied. Such need is observed in most of small and middle batch production companies where the allocation of tasks to the resources is made according to local information. In view of this situation in the market, manufacturing processes, and as a consequence, manufacturing planning and control have become increasingly complex during the last few decades. Market requirements tend towards more diversity, a higher quality and fast and accurate delivery performance. Shortening of lead-time, not only in manufacturing, but also in design and planning, has been addressed as a major competitive edge. One of the managerial responsibilities in any production industry is production planning and control (PPC) which have become multi-resource in nature and sternly complicated, because of its inherent capacity of improving productivity and customer satisfaction in terms of prompt service delivery.


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Manuelni pristup donošenja ove odluke postao je težak u posljednje vrijeme zbog sve složenijih proizvodnih procesa naročito u malim i srednjim preduzećima (MSP). Stoga, ovaj rad predstavlja pristup računarom podržanog inžinjeringa (Computer Aided Engineering - CAE) prilikom donošenja odluke PiKP u MSP za proizvodnju namještaja. Rad pokazuje razvoj softvera za planiranje potrebnih kapaciteta (PPK) u MSP koristeći Microsoft Office Excell okruženje. 2. RAČUNAROM PODRŽAN

INŽINJERING Termin CAE se često koristi za inženjerske analize koje rade računari [1]. CAE se objašnjava kao korištenje računarske tehnologije u inženjeringu u širem smislu nego što je samo inženjerska analiza, kao i svaka upotreba računarskog softvera za rješavanje inžinjerskih problema ili za pomoć u inženjerskim zadacima. Jedna od prednosti korištenja računara u inženjerskom zadatku je mogućnost simulacije procesa. Simulacija omogućava donosiocima odluka da donesu kvalitetniju odluku o trenutnom zadatku. U praksi preduzeće može imati hiljade zavisnih stavki potražnje i vremenski horizonti se često protežu dugo u budućnost. Ono što je potrebno je masovna obrada podataka, ono što računari rade najbolje, ostavljajući donošenje odluke planeru proizvodnje. Također, računar može lako preračunati ove zahtjeve ako postoji promjena u parametrima planiranja. 3. PLANIRANJE I KONTROLA

PROIZVODNJE Uspjeh bilo kog preduzeća u velikoj mjeri zavisi od njegovog planiranja. Bez planiranja, događaji postaju slučajni i rezultati su besmisleni i nijedno preduzeće ne može iskusiti maksimalno zadovoljstvo u uspjehu. Planiranje proizvodnje je predproizvodna aktivnost. To je predodređenje proizvodnih zahtjeva kao što su radna snaga, materijali, mašine i proizvodni proces. Osnovni temelji planiranja proizvodnje su isti, ali se mogu razlikovati u zavisnosti od veličine i vrste pogona. Planiranje takođe pruža osnovu za kontrolu u organizaciji. PiKP se može nazvati koordinatnim sistemom proizvodne operacije. Njena primarna svrha je da planira i koordinira resurse, uključujući vrstu, količinu i vremenski raspored [2]. Generalno, sistemi PiKP su nastali unutar industrije, iako glavni proizvođači sistema sada imaju veliki uticaj na njihov detaljni sadržaj. Postoji mnogo sistema PiKP.

The manual approach to the arrival to this decision has become laborious in recent time due to the growing complexity of production processes particularly in the small and medium-sized enterprises (SME`s). Hence, this paper presents the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) approach to arriving at PPC decision in a furniture production SME. The paper shows software development for Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) in SME`s using Microsoft Office Excell environment. 2. COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING Term CAE is often used for engineering analysis performed by computers [1]. CAE is explained as the use of computer technology within engineering in a broader sense than just engineering analysis and also any use of computer software to solve engineering problems or to aid engineering tasks. One of the merits of the use of computer in engineering task is the possibility of simulation of the process. Simulation approach enables decision makers to make a more informed decision about the present task. In practice a company can have thousands of dependent demand items and time horizons often stretch out for a long time periods into the future. What is needed is massive data processing, the very thing that computers do best, leaving the decision making to the production planner. Also computer can easily re-compute these requirements if there is any change in planning parameters. 3. PRODUCTION PLANNING AND

CONTROL (PPC) The success of any enterprise largely depends upon its planning. Without planning, events become random and results are meaningless and no enterprises can avail success to its maximum satisfaction. Production planning is a pre-production activity. It is the predetermination of manufacturing requirements such as manpower, materials, machines, and manufacturing process. The basic fundamentals in production planning are the same but that may however vary according to the size and type of the plant. Planning also provides the basis for control in an organization. PPC can be referred to as coordinating system of the production operation. It`s primary purpose is to plan for and coordinate resources, including type, quantity, and timing [2]. In general, PPC systems have originated within industry although the major system software producers now have a great influence on their detailed content. There are many systems of PPC.


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Problem planiranja započinje sa specifikacijom potražnje kupaca koja se mora ispuniti proizvodnim planom. Planiranje proizvodnje je potencijalno aktivno i uvijek ostaje u dinamičnom stanju, jer planovi moraju biti modifikovani u saglasnosti sa promjenama okolnosti. Praktično, planiranje proizvodnje predstavlja predloženi dnevni plan proizvodnih aktivnosti u vremenskom okviru koji se obično naziva horizont planiranja. PiKP zahtjeva analitičke vještine i razumijevanje proizvodnog procesa. Složenost moderne proizvodne industrije je manuelni pristup učinila mentalno teškim. Stoga, uvođenje CAE pristupa postaje prikladno. 4. PLANIRANJE POTREBNIH

KAPACITETA Kapacitet je mjera proizvodne sposobnosti objekta po jedinici vremena. Planiranje kapaciteta se bavi određivanjem potrebnih resursa radne snage i opreme kako bi se ostvario glavni plan proizvodnje (Master Production Schedule – MPS). Planiranje kapaciteta se koristi za identifikaciju ograničenja proizvodnih resursa tako da se ne planira nerealni glavni plan. Neophodno je da svako proizvodno preduzeće odredi sopstveni kapacitet. PPK je proces određivanja potrebnog kapaciteta (vremena) ljudi i opreme potrebnih za dostizanje proizvodnih ciljeva sadržanih u MPS i planu potreba materijala (Material Requirements Planning -MRP) [6] i predstavlja važan dio osiguranja da preduzeće može ispuniti proizvodna očekivanja. To je tehnika planiranja kratkog do srednjeg vremenskog razdoblja koja podrazumijeva procjenu "sposobnosti trenutnih nivoa resursa da zadovolje trenutne narudžbe i predviđenu potražnju" [3]. MRP se fokusira na prioritete materijala, dok se PPK uglavnom fokusira na vrijeme. Iako se i MRP i PPK mogu raditi ručno i izolovano, obično su integrisani u kompjuterizovani sistem, a često se pretpostavlja da su funkcije PPK (kao i kontrole proizvodnje) uključene u koncept "MRP sistema". PPK pomaže da se utvrdi gdje i kada se mogu pojaviti problemi iskorištenja, tako da se mogu preduzeti preventivne / alternativne mjere. Obezbjeđuje detaljnu provjeru kapaciteta i uključuje informacije kao što su nalozi planirani za izdavanje, postojeće pozicije proizvodnje u toku (Work in Process - WIP), podatke o toku materijala, kao i kapacitete i vrijeme izrade za sve procesne centre [5]. Obezbjeđuje vidljivost potražnje za svaki radni centar. Ova vidljivost unaprijed omogućava menadžeru operacija da tačnije planira ukupnu strategiju za dodavanje ili smanjenje kapaciteta radi efikasnijeg korištenje resursa [4].

Planning problem begins with a specification of customer demand that is to be met by the production plan. Production planning is potentially active and always remains in dynamic status as plans may have to be modified in agreement to changes in circumstances. Practically, production planning presents proposed daily plan for production activities within a time frame usually referred to as planning horizon. PPC requires analytical skills and understanding of production process. The complexity of modern day production industry as therefore made the manual approach mentally difficult. Hence, the introduction of the CAE approach become appropriate. 4. CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS PLANNING Capacity is a measure of the productive capability of a facility per unit of time. Capacity planning is concerned with determining what labour and equipment resources are required to meet the Master Production Schedule (MPS). Capacity planning is used to identify the limitations of the production resources so that unrealistic master schedule is not planned. For each manufacturing company it is necessary to determine it`s own capacity. CRP is the process of determining what personnel and equipment capacities (times) are needed to meet the production objectives embodied in the MPS and the Material Requirements Plan (MRP) [6] and is an important part of ensuring that a company can meet production expectations. It is short to medium range planning technique that entails evaluating the "ability of current resource levels to meet current orders and projected demand" [3]. MRP focuses upon the priorities of materials, whereas CRP focuses primarily upon time. Although both MRP and CRP can be done manually and in isolation, they are typically integrated within a computerized system, and CRP (as well as production activity control) functions are often assumed to be included within the concept of "an MRP system". CRP helps to identify where and when utilisation problems can occur, so that preventive/alternative measures may be taken. It provides a detailed capacity check and includes information such as planned order releases, existing Work in Process (WIP) positions, routing data as well as capacity and lead times for all process centers [5]. It provides visibility of demand for each work centre. This forward visibility allows the operations manager to more accurately plan the overall strategy for the addition or reduction of capacity for a more efficient use of resources [4].


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PPK prvo procjenjuje plan proizvodnje koji je izradilo preduzeće. Izdati planirani nalozi (u MRP sistemu) pretvaraju se u standardne sate opterećenja ključnih radnih centara u PPK sistemu. Onda analizira stvarne proizvodne kapacitete preduzeća i uspoređuje jedno sa drugim kako bi utvrdio da li se raspored može završiti trenutnim kapacitetom. Izračunava potrebni kapacitet iz tehnologija koje se koriste za izradu proizvoda i uvijek se pokreće kao dio pokretanja MRP plana, jer za njegovo izračunavanje treba poznavati planirane naloge. Pri izračunavanju potreba za resursima, PPK koristi osnovnu tehnologiju za planirane narudžbe, ali će koristiti alternativne tehnologije ako su određene za postojeće poslove. PPK prepoznaje modifikacije napravljene WIP resursima (na primjer, navodeći korištenje alternativnog izvora). Riječ je o iterativnom procesu koji uključuje planiranje, reviziju kapaciteta (ili reviziju MPS-a) i ponovnu nadogradnju dok se ne dobije razumno dobar profil opterećenja. Budući da se pokreće kao dio MRP-a, PPK ima korist od logike mreže koja je nerazdvojiv dio planiranja - ako već postojeće količine ne zahtjevaju planiranje novih naloga za dopunu, neće generisati zahtjeve za kapacitetom. A ako su radni zadaci delimično završeni, PPK prepoznaje koji su resursi već iskorišćeni i samo planira uslove za resurse koji su preostali. Ako preduzeće ne uspije planirati kapacitete za proizvodnju prije same proizvodnje, možda neće biti u mogućnosti proizvesti robu koju je potvrdila da će proizvesti. Ovo očigledno može biti katastrofalno za preduzeće ako ne može da ispuni zahtjeve ugovora ili drugog formalnog sporazuma o proizvodnji. 4.1. Ulazi i izlazi iz PPK PPK unosi zahtjeve za proizvodnju ne iz MPS-a, već izravno iz MRP-a. Osim izdavanja planiranih naloga iz MRP-a, detaljno planiranje kapaciteta zahtijeva informacije i iz drugih izvora. Posebno, informacija je potrebna iz [2]: • Datoteka otvorenih naloga. To su poslovi koji

su pušteni u proizvodnju i koji su u toku. Oni se pojavljuju na MRP datotekama kao planirani prijem. Razlog zašto detaljnom planiranju kapaciteta je potrebna informacija o otvorenim nalozima pored informacija o planiranim prijemima MRP-a je u tome što MRP datoteka ne ukazuje koje operacije na otvorenom nalogu su završene. Datoteka otvorenih naloga uglavnom će sadržavati informacije o završenosti narudžbe ili, iz perspektive kapaciteta, koji specifični kapacitet je i dalje potreban da se dovrši ostatak narudžbe.

CRP first assesses the schedule of production that has been planned by the company. Planned-order releases (in the MRP system) are converted to standard hours of load on key work centers in the CRP system. Then it analyzes the company's actual production capacity and weighs the two against each other to see if the schedule can be completed with the current capacity. It calculates required capacity from the routings used to build products and is always run as part of running an MRP plan, since it needs to know the planned orders for its calculation. In calculating resource requirements, CRP uses the primary routing for planned orders, but will use alternate routings if they have been specified for existing jobs. It recognizes modifications made to WIP resources (for example, specifying the use of an alternate resource). It is an iterative process that involves planning, revision of capacity (or revision of the MPS), and replanning until a reasonably good load profile is developed. Because it is run as part of MRP, it benefits from the netting logic inherent in planning - if your on-hand quantities don’t require planning of new replenishment orders, you won’t generate capacity requirements. And if jobs on the shop floor are partially completed, CRP recognizes which resources have already been used and only plans requirements for the resources that remain. If a firm fails to do capacity requirements planning before production, it may find itself unable to produce the goods it has agreed to produce. This can obviously be disastrous for the firm if it is unable to meet the requirements of a contract or other formal production agreement. 4.1. CRP Inputs and outputs CRP inputs production requirements not from the MPS, but instead directly from MRP. In addition to the planned order releases from MRP, detailed capacity planning requires information from other sources. Specifically, information is needed from [2]: • The open order file. These are jobs that have been released for production and are in process. They appear on the MRP files as a scheduled receipt. The reason detailed capacity planning needs the open order information in addition to the scheduled receipt information on MRP is that the MRP file does not indicate what operations on the open order have been completed. The open order file will generally contain information as to how far along the order is toward completion or, from a capacity perspective, what specific capacity is still required to complete the rest of the order.


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• Datoteka toka. Sadrži informacije o putu koji posao treba proći kroz radne centre, uključujući operacije koje se trebaju izvršiti. Određuje koje mašine ili radnike koristiti, kojim redoslijedom i vremenom trajanja.

• Datoteka radnog centra. Općenito sadrži informacije o različitim elementima vremena potrebnog za proizvodnju povezanog s vrstom opreme u radnom centru.

Ti vremenski elementi mogu uključivati: • Vrijeme pomjeranja - vrijeme koje je obično

potrebno za premještanje materijala iz jednog radnog centra u drugi,

• Vrijeme čekanja – vrijeme koje materijal mora čekati da se premjesti nakon završetka operacije,

• Vrijeme čekanja u redu – vrijeme koje materijal mora čekati ispred operacije prije nego što se ta radnja može obaviti. U mnogim operacijama vrijeme čekanja obično predstavlja najveći elemenat ukupnog vremena izrade. Vrijeme proizvodnje je općenito definirano kao ukupno vrijeme pomjeranja, vrijeme čekanja, vrijeme čekanja u redu, vrijeme postavljanja i vrijeme izvođenja za zadanu količinu materijala koji se proizvodi.

• Postojeći WIP položaji [5]. Izlaz iz procesa PPK je plan kapaciteta, odnosno raspored koji prikazuje planirano opterećenje (potreban kapacitet) i planirani kapacitet (raspoloživi kapacitet) za svaki radni centar tokom nekoliko dana ili sedmica. Ovo se također zove i profil opterećenja [7]. 4.2. Nedostatak korištenja PPK "Nedostatak" korištenja detaljanog PPK je da, iako se većina grubih metoda može postaviti u proračunskoj tablici koristeći samo standardne podatke MPS-a, PPK zahtijeva da se pokrene MRP. U stvari, većina modernih sistema uključuje detaljan PPK modul koji je izravno povezan s pokretanjem MRP. PKP je previše složen i zahtijeva previše podataka iz drugih datoteka da se pokrene na "samostalnoj" tabelarnoj aplikaciji. Glavni problem koji zamagljuje učinkovitu upotrebu detaljnog PPK-a je da se MRP stalno mijenja, budući da se materijal proizvodi, prima ili koristi u proizvodnji. Iz tog razloga pridruženi PPK se stalno mijenja, što ga čini teže učinkovito upravljivim.

• The routing file. Containing information

about the route the work is to take through the facility work centers, including the operations that are to be performed. Specifies which machines or workers to use and in which order and length.

• The work center file. Generally contains information on the various elements of lead time associated with the type of equipment in the center.

These time elements can include: • Move time - the time it usually takes to

move material from one work center to another.

• Wait time - the time material has to wait to be moved after it has had an operation completed.

• Queue time - the time material has to wait in front of an operation before it can be processed by that operation. In many operations queue time tends to be the largest element of total lead time. Production lead time is generally defined to be the total of move time, wait time, queue time, setup time, and run time for the given lot size of the material produced.

• Existing WIP positions [5]. The output of the CRP process is the capacity plan, which is a schedule showing the planned load (capacity required) and planned capacity (capacity available) for each workcenter over several days or weeks. This is also called a load profile [7]. 4.2. Downside of using CRP The "downside" of using detailed CRP is that while most of the rough-cut methods can be set up on a spreadsheet using only standard information with the MPS, CRP requires MRP to be run. In fact, most modern systems include a detailed CRP module that is linked directly into the MRP run. CRP tends to be too complex and requires too much data from other files to be run on a "stand-alone" spredsheet application. A major issue clouding the effective use of detailed CRP is that MRP is constantly changing as material is produced, received, or used in production. For this reason the associated CRP is constantly changing, making it more difficult to manage effectively.


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Dodatni potencijalni problem s PPK-om jeste taj da se temelji na vremenskim standardima koji su pomalo subjektivni u njihovom razvoju i mogu se znatno promijeniti tokom vremena zbog krivulje učenja i promjena procesa. Čak i ako se može upravljati svim podacima generiranim od strane PPK-a, u mnogim je operacijama tačnost većine podataka ponešto sumnjiva. To iziskuje dobru poslovnu praksu za razvoj redovnog pregleda radnih standarda, pračenih ažuriranjem datoteka radnih standarda prema potrebi. Iako je detaljnim PKP teško upravljati zbog promjenjive prirode podataka koji su uvijek prilično sumnjivi, može imati korisnu ulogu u odlukama uprave, pogotovo ako menadžer razumije način na koji se informacije razvijaju i najprikladniji pristup upotrebe informacija [2]. Unatoč nazivu, PPK ne generira analizu ograničenog kapaciteta. Umjesto toga, PPK izvodi ono što se naziva beskonačno opterećenje. PPK predviđa vrijeme dovršetka radnog procesa za svaki procesni centar, koristeći se vremenskim rokovima izrade, a zatim izračunava predviđeno opterećenje tokom vremena. Ta opterećenja se zatim uspoređuju s raspoloživim kapacitetom, ali ne radi korekciju za situaciju preopterećenja. 5. IZRADA PPK SOFTVER-a U MSP

FRAMINI doo VITEZ Korištenje softvera-a ili planiranje proizvodnje pomoću računara sve više je potrebno u proizvodnim preduzećima. MSP Framini d.o.o Vitez je proizvođač namještaja i bavi se proizvodnjom kupaoničkog i kancelarijskog nameštaja, kao i kuhinja i spavaćih soba prema želji kupca. Zbog povećane potražnje za proizvodima, preduzeće je moralo pronaći brži, bolji i efikasniji način planiranja proizvodnje, što je dovelo do ideje korištenja računara u planiranju. U gore navedenom kontekstu Framini doo Vitez se suočio s slijedećim problemom: kako napraviti PPK koji nije preskup i može pružiti sve potrebne informacije. S obzirom na to da preduzeće nema adekvatan softver za planiranje proizvodnje, rješenje je pronađeno u kreiranju softvera zasnovanog na Microsoft Office Excell-u i stečenim znanjima iz oblasti planiranja i upravljanja proizvodnjom, kao i korištenjem postojeće baze podataka o proizvodima. Cilj je bio stvaranje kompjuterizovanog sistema koji kreira profil opterećenja i identifikuje podopterećenja i preopterećenja i daje odgovor da li sistem može realizirati proizvodne narudžbe zadovoljavajući data ograničenja?

An additional potential problem with CRP is that it is based on time standards, which are somewhat subjective in their development and can change substantially over time due to learning curves and process changes. Even if one can manage all the data generated by CRP, in many operations the accuracy of much of the data is somewhat suspect. This implies that a good business practice to develop is the regular review of work standards, followed by updating of work standard files as required. Even though detailed CRP is difficult to manage due to the changing nature of information that is always somewhat suspect in the first place, it can still be useful to have as an input to management decisions, especially if the manager understands the way the information is developed and the most appropriate approaches to deal with the information [2]. In spite of its name, CRP does not generate finite capacity analysis. Instead, CRP performs what is called infinite forward loading. CRP predicts job completion times for each process center, using givenfixed lead times, and then computes a predicted loading over time. These loadings are then compared against the available capacity, but no correction is made for an overloaded situation. 5. CREATING CRP SOFTWARE FOR

SME FRAMINI doo VITEZ Using software-based or computer-based production planning is increasingly needed in manufacturing companies. Framini d.o.o Vitez is a SME furniture producer and is engaged in the production of bathroom and office furniture as well as custom-made kitchen and bedrooms according to customers whish. Due to increasing product demand, the company had to find a faster, better, and more efficient way of planning production, leading to the idea of using computers in planning. In the above context Framini doo Vitez faced the following problem: how to create a CRP that is not too expensive and can provide all needed informations. Given that the company does not have adequate software for production planning, the solution has been found in the creation of Microsoft Office Excell based software and acquired knowledge in the field of production planning and management as well as the use of the existing products database. The goal was to create computerized system that creates a load profile and identifies under-loads and overloads and gives an answer if given production orders can be realised in the system satisfying given constraints?


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Konceptualno rješenje problema je program na Microsoft Office Excel platformi, koji je izrađen na sekcionim modulima koji sadrže sve podatke vezane za planiranje proizvodnje.

The conceptual solution to the problem is a program on the Microsoft Office Excel platform, which is built on a sectional modules that house all data related to production planning.

Slika 1. Struktura podataka izrađenog PPK softvera

Figure 1. Data structure of developed CRP software

Narudžba Resursi Proizvod/Operacije

Naziv resursa Grupa resursa 1 Grupa resursa 2 Konačno/beskonačno opterećenje Kapacitet resursa Raspoloživo vrijeme

Naziv proizvoda Naziv operacije Broj operacija Resursi Vrijeme operacije Vrijeme proizvodnje

Broj narudžbe Elementi Oznaka Prioritet Količina Kupc Rok isporuke

Grupa resursa 1

Resurs 1 Narudžba 1

Proizvod 1

Operacija 1 Operacija 2 Operacija 3 Operacija 4

Operacija 1 Operacija 2 Operacija 3 Operacija 4

Proizvod 2

Narudžba 2 Resurs 2

Grupa resursa 2

Proizvod 3 Narudžba 3 Resurs 3 Operacija 1 Operacija 2 Operacija 3 Operacija 4

Grupa resursa 3 Proizvod 4 Narudžba 4

Resurs 4 Operacija 1 Operacija 2 Operacija 3 Operacija 4

Order

Order number Parts Identification number Priority Volume Customer Delivery date

Product/Operations

Product name Operations name Number of operations Resources Operation time Production time

Resource name Resource group 1 Resource group 2 Finite/infinite loading Resource capacity Available time

Resources

Order 1

Order 2

Order 3

Order 4

Product 1

Operation 1 Operation 2 Operation 3 Operation 4


Product 2

Product 3



Product 4

Resource group 1

Resource group 2

Resource group 3

Resource 1

Resource 2

Resource 3

Resource 4


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Prvi list je nazvan "Kapacitet resursa", i sadrži sve resurse koje preduzeće posjeduje i koristi u svojoj proizvodnoj liniji. Zbog različitosti obrade na različitim resursima, potrebno je bilo koristiti različite mjerne jedinice (kom, m, broj strana, broj ploča itd.).

The first sheet is called "Resources Capacity", which contains all the resources that the company owns and uses in its production line. Because of the processing differencies on different resources, different units of measure (pcs, m, number of sides, plates etc.) needed to be used.

Resurs Resource

KPI Mjera

Measurement Jedinica mjere

Unit of measure Kapacitet

Resurs 1 Resource 1

ploča/vrijeme plates/time

kom/min pieces/min x

Resurs 2 Resource 2

metara/vrijeme meters/time m/min x

Resurs 3 Resource 3

komada/vrijeme pieces/time

kom/min pieces/min x

Resurs 4 Resource 4

m2/vrijeme sq. m/time m2/min x

Resurs 5 Resource 5

broj strana/vrijeme number of sides/time

strana/min sides/min x

Slika 2. List "Kapacitet resursa"

Figure 2. Sheet "Resources Capacity" Osim utvrđivanja kapaciteta, veoma važan faktor je raspoloživo vrijeme za proizvodnju. Na ovom listu bilo je veoma važno postići fleksibilnost u određivanju broja radnih dana, broja smjena u danu, broja sati po smjeni i iskorištenje vremena (tj. korisni kapacitet) kako bi se mogli simulirati različiti scenariji što dalje omogućava odabir optimalnog scenarija.

In addition to determining the capacity, a very important factor is the time available for production. In this sheet it was very important to achieve flexibility in setting the number of working days, number of shifts per day, number of hours per shift and the utilization of time (ie. useful capacity) in order to be able to simulate different scenarios which further allow to choose the optimal scenario.

Slika 3. List "Raspoloživo vrijeme" Figure 3. Sheet "Available Time" Naredni korak bio je da se odredi tehnologija (podaci o toku materijala) potrebna za proizvodnju proizvoda. Radi lakšeg korištenja, pravljenja promjena i dobijanja tačnih rezultata, kreiran je list pod nazivom "Tehnologija" u koji je unesena baza podataka proizvoda sa odgovarajućom tehnologijom za svaki proizvod.

The next step was to determine the technology (routing data) needed to produce the products. For ease of use, making changes and obtaining as accurate results, a sheet titled "Technology" has been created in which the product data base have been entered with corresponding technology for each product.

Broj radnih dana (dani) x Broj smjena po danu (broj) x Broj radnih sati po smjeni (h) x Stepen iskorištenja (%) x Korisni kapacitet (min) x

Number of working days (days) x Number of shifts per day (num) x Number of working ours per shift (h) x Degree of utilization (%) x Useful capacity (min) x


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Slika 4. List "Tehnologija" Figure 4. Sheet "Technology"

U listu tehnologija, jedinične vremenske vrijednosti su povezane sa kapacitetom resursa, tako da u slučaju promjene kapaciteta resursa, vrijeme proizvodnje u listu tehnologija se automatski mijenja, dajući tačne informacije o vremenu proizvodnje određenog proizvoda na određenom resursu u bilo kojem trenutku. Slijedeći list je baza postojećih resursa: mašinski park, broj montažnih radnika i broj radnika za pakovanje u proizvodnoj liniji.

In the technology sheet, unit time values are associated with resource capacity so that in case of resource capacity changes, the time of production in the technology sheet changes automatically, giving an accurate information about the time of production of a particular product on a particular resource at any given time. The next sheet is the data base of the curently existing resources: machine park, number of assembly workers and number of packaging workers in production line.

Slika 5. List "Resursi"

Figure 5. Sheet "Resources"

Sljedeći podaci su izračunati za svaki resurs: • broj resursa, • broj smjena, • broj radnih sati, • raspoloživi korisni kapacitet, • planirana produktivnost i • stvarni korisni kapacitet.

Following data for each resource has been calculated:

• number of resources, • number of shifts, • number of working hours, • available useful capacity, • planned productivity and • real useful capacity.


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Međutim, kako bismo mogli izdati proizvodni nalog, moramo znati koje je vrijeme potrebno za proizvodnju narudžbe i da li je naš proizvodni pogon u mogućnosti da proizvede naručene proizvode za određeno vrijeme, u zavisnosti od trenutne i planirane zauzetosti resursa. Zbog toga je izrađen list "potrebno vrijeme". Resursi su prikazani sa proizvodnim vremenom potrebnim za svaku proizvodnu liniju, kao i sa ukupnim potrebnim vremenom za proizvodnju naloga koji dolaze. U zavisnosti od sadašnje zauzetosti proizvodnje i na osnovu potrebnog vremena može se izraditi plan za buduću proizvodnju.

However, to be able to release a production order, we need to know what time is needed to produce an order and whether our production facility is able to produce ordered products up to a certain time, depending on the current and planned resources occupancy. That's why sheet "needed time" is created. Resources are shown with the production time needed for every production line as well as the total needed time for production of incoming orders. Depending on the current occupancy of the production and on the basis of needed time plan for future production can be generated.

Slika 6. List "Potrebno vrijeme" Figure 6. Sheet "Needed time"

Na osnovu dobijenih tabličnih kalkulacija u listu tehnologija i potrebnom vremenu za proizvodnju generira se izvještaj. Ovaj list je povezan sa vremenom potrebnim za proizvodnju i planiranom produktivnošću resursa, te stoga, prema narudžbi, generiše se vrijeme potrebno za proizvodnju. Na listu su prikazani resursi sa slijedećim podacima:

• broj jedinica resursa, • planirana produktivnost resursa, • broj sati u smjeni, • vrijeme potrebno za proizvodnju za

svaku proizvodnu liniju u minutima i danima i

• potrebno ukupno vrijeme proizvodnje. Slijedeći generirani list je grafički izvještaj u kome se prikazuje dijagram zauzetosti resursa u odnosu na efektivni kapacitet. Na osnovu ovog dijagrama možemo lako vidjeti koliko vremena resurs treba da bi proizveo dolazne narudžbe. Dijagram za svaku proizvodnu liniju, posebno, kao i dijagram za ukupno vrijeme je generiran.

Based on the resulting table-based calculations in the technology sheet and the time required for production report is generated. This sheet is connected with the time required for the production and the planned productivity of the resource, and thus, according to the order, the time needed for production is generated. In the sheet the resources are shown whith the following data:

• number of resource units, • planned resource productivity , • number of hours in the shift, • the time needed for production of every

production line in minutes and days and • total production time needed.

The next sheet generated is a graphical report in which the diagram of the resource occupancy in relation to the effective capacity is shown. Based on this diagram we can easily see how much time a resource needs to produce incoming orders. Diagram for each production line, in particular, as well as the diagram for the overall time needed is generated.


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Slika 7. List "Izvještaj" Figure 7. Sheet "Report"

Izvještaji o opterećenju prikazuju zahtjeve za resursima u radnom centru za sve poslove koji su trenutno dodijeljeni radnom centru, planiranim poslovima i očekivanim narudžbama. Radno opterećenje je obračunato u skladu sa radom potrebnim za izvršenje planiranih naloga koji su već u pogonu i za kompletiranje planiranih narudžbi a koji još nisu dati u proizvodnju. Uska grla su one radne stanice na kojima projektovana opterećenja prelaze kapacitete resursa.

Load reports show the resurce requirements in a work center for all work currently assigned to the work center, all work planned, and expected orders. Workload is calculated according to the work required to complete the scheduled orders already in the shop and to complete the planned order releases not yet released. Bottlenecks are those workstations at which the projected loads exceed resource capacities.

Slika 8. List "Grafički izvještaj" – serijska proizvodnja Figure 8. Sheet "Graphical report" - serial production

Slika 9. List "Grafički izvještaj" – ukupna proizvodnja Figure 9. Sheet "Graphical report" - overall production


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6. ZAKLJUČAK Identifikacija uskih grla i opterećenja poslom u pogonu je ključna komponenta za postizanje operativne efikasnosti. Jedan od osnovnih zahtjeva u bilo kojoj proizvodnoj industriji je odgovarajuća odluka PPK-a. Ovo je važno zbog potencijalnog kapaciteta za poboljšanje produktivnosti i zadovoljstva kupaca u smislu brze isporuke. Razvoj PPK softvera pomoću Microsoft Office Excel okruženja za MSP proizvođača namještaja je predstavljen sa potrebnim detaljima. Razvijeni sistem pokazao je kako se računar sa odgova-rajućim softverom i matematičkim modelom može koristiti za postizanje ovog zahtjeva. Predstavljeni model pruža informacije za balansiranje posla koji treba uraditi sa raspoloživim resursima i daje planeru proizvodnje realni vremenski prikaz koji resursi su potrebni i dostupni. Grafički prikaz pomaže korisnicima da mjere, reaguju i balansiraju promjene ponude i potražnje za radnim centrima i kapacitetima resursa. Postavljanjem i prilagođavanjem pragova kapaciteta, performanse radnih centara mogu biti kontrolirane.

6. CONCLUSION Identifying bottlenecks and shop floor load is a key component to achieving operational efficiency. One of the basic requirements in any production industry is appropriate CRP decision. This is important for it`s potential capacity of improving productivity and customer satisfaction in terms of prompt delivery. The development of CRP software using Microsoft Office Excel environment for a SME furniture producer has been presented with necessary details. Developed system has shown how the computer with appropriate software and mathematical model can be used to achieve this requirement. Presented model provides information to balance the work that needs to be done with available resources and gives the production planner a real-time view of what resources are needed and available. Graphical representation helps users measure, react, and balance changes in the supply and demand for work centers and resource capacities. By setting and adjusting capacity thresholds, work centers can be monitored for performance.

7. REFERENCES [1] Regodić, D.; Cvetković D.:

Automatizacija, proizvodni sistemi i računarski integrisana proizvodnja, Univerzitet Singidunum, 2011

[2] Chapman, S.N.: The fundamentals of production planning and control, Pearson Education, Inc., 2006

[3] Pritsker, A.A.B.: Manufacturing capacitymanagement through modeling and simulation, Foundations of World-class Manufacturing Systems, Symposium papers, June 19, 1991

[4] Ptak, C. A., ERP Tools, Techniques and Applications for Integrating the Supply Chain, The CRC Press, 2004

[5] Hopp, W.J.; Spearman, M.L: Factory Physiscs (third edition), Waveland Press Inc, 2008

[6] Krajewski, L.J,; Ritzman, L.P.; Malhorta, M.K: Operations Management Processes and Supply Chains 10th edition,Pearson Education, Inc, 2013

[7] Hill, A.V.: The Encyclopedia of Operations Management, Pearson Education, Inc, 2012

Corresponding author: Alan Lisica BH SERVICE d.o.o. Poslovna zona PC 96 72 250 Vitez Bosnia and Herzegovina E-mail: [email protected]

Mašinstvo 3(15), 153 – 158, (2018) D. Lovrec et all: HOW TO DETERMINE THE CAUSE…

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HOW TO DETERMINE THE CAUSE AND SOURCE OF HYDRAULIC OIL VARNISHING

Darko Lovrec, Vito Tič University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering SI-2000 Maribor Slovenia Ključne riječi: hidraulično ulje, termička oksidacija, uzroci zatamnjenja ulja, RCA, OCM Keywords: hydraulic oil, thermal oxidation, causes of oil darkening, RCA, OCM Paper received: 15.01.2018. Paper accepted: 16.04.2018.

Rad objavljen na konferenciji REZIME Prilikom obavljanja redovnog praćenja stanja ulja na industrijskim sistevima često se može primijetiti da je hidraulično ulje promijenilo boju. Izvor problema može biti vrlo teško locirati i često je posljedica složenih hemijskih procesa u hidrauličkom ulju. Pronalaženje temeljnog uzroka bojenja ulja u dizajnu hidrauličkog stroja i njegovim radnim uvjetima može biti vrlo zahtjevno. U radu su preliminarno prikazani najčešći uzroci koji obično dovode do zatamnjenja ulja. Prema tome, metoda forenzičke pretrage za određivanje dubinskih uzroka promjene boje ulja prikazana je i primijenjena na primjeru velikog hidrauličkog sistava za štampanje, kojim upravlja složeni sistav kontrole ventila postavljen na kontrolni blok.

Conference Paper

SUMMARY While performing ordinary oil condition monitoring on industrial systems, we can often notice that hydraulic oil has changed its color. The source of the problem can be very difficult to locate and is often consequence of complex chemical processes in hydraulic oil. Finding the root cause of oil varnishing in hydraulic machine design and its operating conditions can be very demanding. The paper preliminarily presents the most common causes that usually lead to oil darkening. Accordingly, a forensic search method for determining the root cause of oil varnishing is presented and applied on an example of a large hydraulic press system, controlled by a complex valve control system mounted on the control block.

1. INTRODUCTION According to the experience of users of hydraulic devices, if we use the conventional mineral oil of the HLP quality class with the correct design of the entire hydraulic system, from the reservoir to the actuator, we can expect oil change intervals from 20,000 to 40,000 operating hours. Of course, under normal operating conditions. In the case of inadequate or incorrectly designed hydraulic system, extreme working conditions, unsuitable fluids used for a given application, ... however, the oil useful lifetime can be considerably shorter. In such cases, there is a lot of users' dissatisfaction with the unplanned early cost, which often leads to "shaking" the anger at the oil supplier,

explaining "your oil is bad". The actual cause of this problem could not be in the oil itself, but in the modified operating conditions of the device, the occurrence of a fault in the device, or in the design error that was already committed by the device manufacturer. [1] Users of hydraulic devices or maintenance workers of these systems are often concerned when they notice a rapid change in oil colour (the darkening of hydraulic oil) in open industrial hydraulic systems. This is often accompanied by the steady increase of oil acidity, the formation of sediments in lacquer products and the characteristic odor of burning - Figure 1.


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Figure 1. Rapid darkening of the oil in a short service period

This is why users very often say that so called "Burning of oil” is appearing, which results in the formation of sludge and varnish. However, this phenomenon can occur due to very different causes, from which most likely are briefly present below. 2. COMMON CAUSES OF OIL

DARKENING The causes of oil varnishing can be different: ones are closely related to the type of hydraulic oil, liquids and its additives, and others derive from the operation of the hydraulic system and the design of the device. These causes are the

most common and relate to the thermal oxidation process. This occurs due to the increased temperature, and the result is, apart from the changed oil color, also the formation of sludge that slowly settles and accumulates at the bottom of the reservoir, and the formation of lacquer products that adhere to the parts of hydraulic structures and stain them in yellow or gold-brown shades – Figure 2. Varnish produced by lubrication degradation causes increased wear, filter plugging, restricted flow, poor heater / cooler performance and valve sticking in a variety of industrial applications.

Figure 2. Varnish formation on the valve control slider (left) [2]

and inside of the tank (right) [3] There are several reasons for (including the only locally) elevated temperature in the hydraulic system and they are more or less known to the user: • Friction in the fluid itself, and especially

between the fluid and the metal surface in the hydraulic system, as well as possible rubbing of one surface next to another, can generate temperatures between 180 °C and 450 °C and is always present.

• Adiabatic compression, like a diesel effect, can generate temperatures between 600 °C and 900 °C.

• The occurrence of electrical/static discharge is less known. Without the presence of sparking, this phenomenon can lead to local temperatures between 5000 °C and 10,000 °C, and in the event of a spark occurrence, in an extremely short time of a few nanoseconds, the local temperatures can cause local temperatures even between 10,000 and 20,000 °C [4] [5].

• A fairly common cause of oil "burning" is the incorrect use of liquid heaters installed in the hydraulic reservoir in order to reduce the viscosity of the liquid before starting the

fresh oil > > > > > > > > > > > »burned oil«


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pump in the event of lower temperatures. If the heater is located in the tank area where there is no liquid flow (i.e. dead zone), the oil surrounding the surface of the heating body locally burns.

• The most common cause of thermal oxidation is the diesel effect, the cause of which is the presence of air and air bubbles in a hydraulic system and hydraulic oil. We will continue to pay attention to this in the future.

3. AIR AND THE HYDRAULIC FLUID The air is present in the hydraulic system because of various reasons and can appear in various forms. It can be visible to the eyes, as it appears in the form of foam or in the form of air bubbles, but it can also be "invisible" because it is dissolved in the oil. The latter can be observed

in elementary form, such as bubbles, when the operating state (pressure conditions) changes, which is also closely related to the design of the individual blocks of hydraulic system. Thus, we must differentiate between the appearance of foam on the surface of the oil in the reservoir, which is actually not dangerous, and the appearance of air bubbles in the oil itself, which usually leads to all other consequences – Figure 3. In the presence of air in the device, the compressibility of the media increases, and effects the entire hydraulic system (eg, the precision of actuator motion, the phenomenon of fluctuations, the need to change the settings of the controller parameters ...). However, the air does not only effect the operation of the hydraulic device, but also has influence on the oil condition.

Figure 3. Foam on the surface of the oil (left) and air bubbles inside the oil(right)

Figure 3 shows foam on the surface of the oil in the reservoir (left) and air bubbles in the oil (right). From experience, it is known that the phenomenon of oil foaming can be caused by:

• heterogeneous or non-uniform composition of mixture of mineral oils. It is known that strongly heterogeneous mixtures are more prone to foaming than fluids with a more uniform composition,

• excessive surface tension of the liquid. In order to make it difficult to penetrate the surface of the liquid and to quickly disappear, the surface tension must not be too high,

• selected unsuitable viscosity of oil for a particular hydraulic device. Oils of lower viscosity are less prone to foaming,

• extracted air at vacuum (e.g. in suction line),

• inadequate operation of the hydraulic system.

In the case of a properly designed and fault-tolerant hydraulic system, foaming of hydraulic oil is barely possible. If foaming occurs with fresh, clean mineral oil, the root cause of foam formation should be searched for on the hydraulic system itself. The causes may vary, for example:

• too small hydraulic tank or a small tank fill opening that causes the vortexing of the oil and thus the absorption of air,

• the pump sucks air through a leaky location on the pump or suction line,

• the return line is not run under the surface of the liquid. Thus, the returning


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liquid falls into the reservoir and air enters the oil and leads to the formation of foam and air bubbles; which is later sucked by the pump.

• poor deaeration of newly filled devices. Thus, air can remain in the pipeline, which is then under pressure transferred into the oil and leads to oil foaming.

The possibilities and causes for air bubbles to appear in the hydraulic system are therefore many and of diverse nature. In principle, the most common causes of the appearance of air bubbles can be divided into two major groups. The air, in the form of air bubbles, can enter into the hydraulic system from the environment through the leaky spots on the pipelines, or it may occur as a result of abnormal events in the reservoir itself, the most common of which is due to the wrong design of the inside of the reservoir [6]. Air bubbles can also be generated as a result of dissolved air in the liquid itself, from which it is excreted as elemental air (air bubble) when the pressure and / or current conditions in the hydraulic system are altered, e.g. in the pipeline, valves, valve blocks ... The latter cause is usually hidden from the naked eye and it is always very difficult to find. In certain cases it is very useful to know the tendency of elevated thermal oxidation and its pattern of occurrence.

4. IMPLEMENTING OF ON-LINE CONDITION MONITORING

When looking for a possible cause of thermal overloading and burning of oil, a modern way of constant monitoring of all changes of the most important physico-chemical parameters, which are closely connected with the appearance of thermal overload, can be used. As an example of such an approach, an example of large hydraulic press can be presented, which operates most often in four shifts, and on which the persistent oil burning in a relatively short time interval – already 3000 to 5000 operating hours is occurring. In order to thoroughly investigate this phenomenon, an on-line system for continuous monitoring of important parameters was installed on the hydraulic system of the mentioned press, such as temperature, relative humidity, dielectric constants and electrical conductivity,… as an indication of oil condition and oil acidification. To monitor these parameters, the multifunctional sensor was installed in a bypass line and the graphical interface for monitoring changes was designed. We can monitor these on the site itself and from a remote location. The integrated on-line multifunction sensor and graphical interface with the most important changes in the parameters observed are shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Integrated on-line multifunction sensor and graphical interface with the most important

changes in the parameters The temperature monitoring process is clearly seen from the picture, which proves that the thermal overloading is not happening in the hydraulic reservoir. Other parameters (moisture, cleanliness ...) are within normal limits.

Nevertheless, the dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity of oil have always been increasing in a more or less similar profile after the oil fill was replaced. The cause of the oil burning was therefore somewhere else.

Multi-function sensor


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5. DETERMINING OTHER POSSIBLE CAUSES

As already mentioned, the causes of air intrusion into the system can be several: from leaky spots on pipelines to an inadequately designed reservoir ... to errors in the wrong design of hydraulic components. Besides the wrong dimensions of the pipeline and its laying (damping places, knees ...) too high fluid velocity in the tube leads to problems associated with air excretion. Although the mineral oil can take a relatively large amount of air (at 300 bar approx. 3000 vol %) at operating pressures, the pumping may cause the extraction of the air from the oil in the pressure zone of the pipeline. In this case, it is a matter of so-called pseudo-cavitation (compare with the concept of cavitation in which the pressure drop in the

system is below the vapor pressure level [7], [8]). The energy of a flowing liquid consists of, in accordance with the law of energy conservation or the simplified Bernoulli equation, two main proportions of pressure: from a static pressure and a dynamic pressure. In this case, if one of these pressures changes, the other has to change. If the velocity (continuity equation) changes according to the physical effect due to constriction, the pressure conditions will also change – Figure 5 (the Ventouri effect). When the difference in cross sections is large a high local increase in the fluid velocity occurs in the narrowest place and, consequently, the pressure falls below the pressure of air extraction from oil – that is pressure limit below where pseudo-cavitation occurs.

Figure 5. Pressure and speed conditions in tube with restriction causes air excretion

This phenomenon is present everywhere where, due to high flow velocities, the liquid can no longer follow the shape of the changed geometry. This occurs in all major changes in the

pipe sections (reducers), knees, reducing knees, tubular arches with a low radius, S-shapes, and also inside the valve blocks – Figure 6.

Figure 6. Principled view of the interior and exterior of the valve block


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This problem is particularly acute in the interior of the valve blocks, as it is very difficult to find this narrowed site. Usually, this is a hidden error, which is only known to the constructor of the block, and it is very difficult to eliminate it. It can only be eliminated with the new design of internal links in the block itself.

6. CONCLUSION When a thermal decomposition is the cause of the problem – the darkening of the oil, it is essential to perform the RCA analysis (Root Cause Anylysis) to determine the actual source of the problem of this burning of oil. The oil user often avoids solving the root cause of the problem and rather blames the oil producer and its oil of poor quality. Resolving the problem is therefore on the other side. If you find that the heat source is associated with an error in the design of the system, you may choose to use the separation technology of the side products from the hydraulic fluid. Unfortunately, this is only a temporary solution and it will require a new

system or at least a renewal of the system to permanently resolve the problem. If the main cause of thermal decomposition is the presence of air or air bubbles formed while the liquid flows from the tank to higher pressure zones, such as valves and pumps, there are products for removing air bubbles. Different anti-foaming agents can be very effective, which, if necessary, are added to the liquid. However, these solutions are usually only temporary, as their long-term effectiveness is questionable. We may need to add these additives several times or they will no longer be effective after a certain time. Therefore, it is much more correct to solve the problem of the presence of air in the system focusing only on the construction of the hydraulic system and its components, such as reservoir, pipelines, valves ... By properly designing and designing these we will not only temporarily solve the problem, but rather permanently reduce the possibility of its formation. Or, as we have shown in this case, the actual cause of the problem was determined by using modern on-line oil condition monitoring methods and performing the RCA analysis.

7. REFERENCES [1] Totten, G.E.:, Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid

Technology, Second Edition, Technology & Engineerin, 2011

[2] Lucas, L.: Problems and sources of varnish in hydraulic fluid, Hydraulics and Pneumatics, 4/2007

[3] How do you know if you have varnish in your lube system? http://biokemau.blogspot.si/2015/04/how-do-you-know-if-you-have-varnish-in.html

[4] Sasaki A, Uchiyama S, Yamamoto T. Generation of static electricity during oil filtration. Lub. Eng. 1999; 55(9):24–27.

[5] Wright, J., Microdiseling and its effect on oil, Machinery Lubricatin, 12/2012

[6] Casey, B.: Why the Tank May Well Be a Hydraulic Fluid’s Best Friend, Machinery Lubrication, 1/2010

[7] Fitch, E.C.: Cavitation Wear In Hydraulic Systems, Practicing Oil Analysis (9/2002

[8] Bachert, R.: Dreidimensionale, instationaerere Effekte kavitierender Stroemungen - Analyse an Einzelprofilen

und in einer Radialpumpe, Technischen Universitaet Darmstadt, 2004

[9] Suzuki,R., Y. Tanaka, Y., Totten, G.E., Removing Entrained Air in Hydraulic Fluids and Lubrication Oils, Machinery Lubrication, 7/2002

[10] Caroll, J.: How to Use Lubrication Additives for Preventive Maintenance; Schaeffer Manufacturing; http://www.pumpsandsystems.com/pumps/january-2014-how-use-lubrication-additives-preventive-maintenance

[11] Lovrec, D.: Vzroki za prisotnost zraka v hidravličnem sistemu. Ventil, ISSN 1318-7279, avg. 2016,

Corresponding author: Vito Tič University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering SI-2000 Maribor Slovenia E-mail: [email protected]

Mašinstvo 3(15), 159 – 170, (2018) Bajtarević A.,...: CO-PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL…

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PRERADA KOMUNALNOG OTPADA KAO ALTERNATIVNOG GORIVA U INDUSTRIJI CEMENTA

CO-PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL

IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

Stručni rad Bajtarević Almir1, Bajtarević Amna2, Hadžikadunić Fuad2 1Tvornica cementa Kakanj d.d. Kakanj HEIDELBERGCEMENT GROUP,Selima ef. Merdanovića 146, Kakanj 2Mašinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Zenici Fakultetska 1, Zenica Ključne riječi: Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) – gorivo iz otpada, Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) - čvrsto obnovljivo gorivo Keywords: Refuze Derived Fuel (RDF), Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) Paper received: 03.07.2018. Paper accepted: 12.09.2018.

REZIME U ovom radu prezentirani su rezultati aktivnosti koje su Tvornica cementa Kakanj i Njemačka organizacija GIZ proveli tokom realizacije projekta: „Prerada komunalnog otpada kao alternativnog goriva u industriji cementa“ u periodu od Juna 2015. do Juna 2018. godine. Partneri u ovom Projektu su bili:: - Mašinski fakultet Univerziteta u Zenici (partner Tvornice cementa Kakanj d.d.) - REZ Agencija Zenica (Partner GIZ-a).

Professional paper SUMMARY

This paper presents the results of the activities of Kakanj cement Plant and the German organization GIZ carried out during the Project: „Co-processing of municipal waste as alternative fuel in cement industry“ in period from June 2015. to June 2018. Partners in the project were: - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Zenica (partner of Kakanj Cement Plant) - REZ Agency Zenica (partner of GIZ)

1. UVOD Tvornica cementa Kakanj d.d. (KakanjCement) je počela sa radom 1978. godine i vodeći je proizvođač najkvalitetnnijih vrsta cementa u Bosni i Hercegovini. Od 2000. godine privatizirana je od strane HeidelbergCement Group, jednog od vodećih svjetskih proizvođača građevinskih materijala. U više od 40 zemalja širom svijeta HeidelbergCement zapošljava više od 52.000 radnika na više od 2.500 lokacija. Tvornica cementa Kakanj je lider na B&H tržištu sa udjelom od preko 36%. Među glavnim proizvodima Tvornice cementa Kakanj su visokokvalitetni betoni koji se plasiraju na tržište putem kćerki kompanija TBG Bosna i Hercegovina i TBG Hrvatska.

1. INTRODUCTION The cement factory Kakanj d.d. (KakanjCement) was put into operation in 1978 and is the leading Bosnian producer of high quality cement. In 2000 it joined HeidelbergCement Group, one of the leading world producers of construction materials. In more than 40 countries across the world, HeidelbergCement employees some 52,000 persons in over 2,500 locations. With a 36% market share, Kakanj cement plant is a leader in the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kakanj cement plant’s main product is the production of ready mixed concrete which is operated by its daughter companies TBG in Bosnia and Herzegovina and TBG Beton in Croatia.


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Cementom iz Tvornice cementa Kakanj su izgrađene hidroelektrane na Drini i Neretvi, zatim sva infrastruktura i borilišta 14. Zimskih Olimpijskih igara u Sarajevu, te sva dosadašnja infrastruktura na autoputu koridora Vc. Oko 10% godišnje proizvodnje cementa izvozi se na tržište EU (prvenstveno u R. Hrvatsku). U 2017. godini ukupan prihod Tvornice cementa Kakanj iznosio je € 35.902.915,- koji je ostvarilo 196 zaposlenih. 2. ANALIZA PROBLEMA 2.1. Kontekst političkog razvoja situacije u oblasti upravljanja komunalnim otpadom Problem upravljanja otpadom još uvijek je velik i neriješen problem u Bosni i Hercegovini. Odlaganje otpada se vrši na neadekvatan način zahvaljujući nepostojanju ili nepoštivanju zakonske regulative, a to dalje prouzrokuje zagađivanje okoliša i stalnu potencijalnu opasnost za stanovništvo. Industrija cementa može doprinijeti rješavanju ovog problema na način da određene selektirane frakcije otpada može upotrijebiti kao gorivo u tehnološkom procesu. Istovremeno cijene fosilnih goriva na svjetskom tržištu u stalnom su porastu i taj trend će zadržati u budućnosti. Pretvaranje otpada u energiju je efikasno ekoliški održivo rješenje. Na primjer, samo u Zeničko-dobojskom kantonu godišnje se producira cca 300 kg otpada po stanovniku. To znači da oko 120.000 t komunalnog potpada nastaje godišnje samo u ovom kantonu. Odlaganje jedne tone komunalnog otpada na regionalnoj deponiji „Mošćanica“ trenutno košta 27 € + troškovi transporta + PDV. To je preskupo i neprihvatljivo za mnoge općine ovog kantona. Implementacijom ovog projekta otvara se mogućnost da javna komunalna preduzeća postanu dobavljači sirovine za proizvodnju goriva iz otpada poznatog kao RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel). To bi automatski snizilo troškove odlaganja i određene benefite za stanovništvo. U federalnoj strategiji upravljanja otpadom [1], Federalno Ministarstvo Okoliša i Turizma (FMOiT) je predvidjelo da se 30% fosilnih goriva u industriji cementa u Bosni i Hercegovini zamijeni gorivom iz otpada. To bi moglo biti ostvareno proizvodnjom RDF-a koji nastaje od komunalnog otpada. To je skupljeni, sortirani, osušeni i samljeveni otpad upotrijebljen kao alternativno gorivo. Nažalost, lokalne zajednice u Bosni i Hercegovini još uvijek ne posjeduju neophodnu infrastrukturu za taj proces.

Cement from Kakanj plant has been built into hydroelectric power plants on Neretva and Drina rivers, infrastructure for the14th Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo, structures for the highway corridor Vc and other infrastructural facilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.About 10% of production is exported to the EU market (Croatia). In 2017, the company achieved an annual turnover of € 35.902.915,- employing a staff of 196 persons. 2. THE CONTEXT – PROBLEM ANALYSIS 2.1. Context from development-policy perspective Waste Management is still a huge unsolved problem in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Disposal often occurs in an uncontrolled way, principally due to a lack of legislation, and this contributes to environmental pollution and presents health hazards for the communities. The cement industry can make a contribution to solving this problem by taking selected fractions of municipal waste as a fuel. At the same time, energy prices for primary fossil fuels on the world market are rising and there is a trend for further price increasing. Turning waste into energy can thus be considered as an efficient and ecologically sustainable solution for Bosnia and Herzegovina.In the Zenica-Doboj Canton, for instance, per capita and year approx. 300 kg of municipal solid waste is produced. This equals about 120.000 t per year only in the Zenica-Doboj Canton. Disposal of 1 t of municipal waste at the regional landfill “Mošćanica” currently costs 27 € + transport + tax. It is too expensive and unacceptable for many municipalities. Implementation of this project opens the possibility that the municipal public utilities become suppliers “of raw materials for the production of RDF”. This would automatically reduce the costs of waste exposal. That would ultimately benefited end customers – citizens. In the Federal Waste Management Strategy [1], the Ministry of Environment and Tourism has stipulated that 30% of municipal waste should replace fossil fuels in the cement industry of the country. This can be achieved by producing Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), which has its origin in municipal waste. It is collected, sorted, dried and grinded and used as an alternative fuel. However, communities in Bosnia and Bosnia and Herzegovina currently do not have the necessary infrastructure to ensure this process.


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Zakonska regulativa [2] o termičkom iskorištavanju otpada u Bosni i Hercegovini na snazi je još od 2003. godine. Ključni Zakoni u Federaciji BiH su: Zakon o upravljanju otpadom koji definiše uslove koje je neophodno da ispune operateri koji vrše spaljivanje otpada, zatim Zakon o zaštiti okoliša, koji uspostavlja institut Okolinske dozvole, te Zakon o zaštiti zraka koji definiše dozvoljene emisije u zrak. Ovaj zakonski okvir dozvoljava spaljivanje otpada u velikim industrijskim postrojenjima, ali se veoma slabo provodi. Kada se govori o CO2 emisijama, može se reći da je BiH potpisnica Kyoto Protokola, ali još uvijek nema obavezu da smanjuje emisije CO2. 2.2. Definisanje problema iz perspektive Tvornice cementa Kakanj Korištenje raznih vrsta otpada kao alternativnih goriva u cementnim pećima je ustaljen proces koji se provodi širom HeidelbergCement Grupacije. Zahvaljujući HC Politici primjene alternativnih sirovina i goriva (AFR Policy), kompanija postiže izuzetne rezultate u uštedi energije i sirovinskih materijala kao nepovratnih prirodnih resursa. HeidelbergCement je sebi zacrtao ciljeve održivosti do 2020. godine, koji su već sada prerasli u HC Obaveze održivosti do 2030 (HC Sustainability Commitments) [3], u skladu sa kojima se na nivou HC Grupacije treba dostići zamjena 30% fosilnih goriva alternativnim. Kako bi se dostigli ovi ciljevi, na nivou HC Grupacije je uspostavljen Strateški plan upotrebe alternativnih goriva (AF Strategic Plan) [4]. Tvornica cementa Kakanj u Zeničko-dobojskom kantonu je jedna od rijetkih tvornica HeidelbergCement Grupacije u Evropi koja još uvijek ne koristi alternativna goriva u svome proizvodnom procesu. To povećava troškove proizvodnje i čini ovu Tvornicu nekonkurentnom na tržištu. Na ovaj način direktno je ugroženo više od 200, a indirektno više od 1.000 radnih mjesta u Kaknju i široj društvenoj zajednici. Kako bi se prevazišla ova situacija HeidelbergCement je uspostavio CO2 Master plan za Tvornicu cementa kakanj, kojim je definisan cilj da Tvornica cementa Kakanj zamijeni 30% fosilnih goriva alternativnim do 2020. godine Jedna od mogućnosti zamjene fosilnih goriva alternativnim, za Tvornicu cementa Kakanj jeste dobijanje RDF-a iz komunalnog otpada ili primjena starih automobilskih guma kao i drugih vrsta čvrstog otpada kao alternativnih goriva.

The legal framework [2] for the thermal use of waste in Bosnia and Herzegovina is in force since 2003. The key regulations of the environmental laws in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Law on Waste Management, which defines the conditions for the operation of waste incineration plants, the Environmental Protection Act, which introduced the institute of environmental license, and the Air Protection Act, which defines the limits of air emissions.This legal framework allows the co-processing of waste in large industrial plants, but has been enforced poorly so far. Regarding CO2 emissions, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, but there is no legal obligation to reduce CO2 emissions yet. 2.2. Context from the company's perspective (description of the problem) The process of using various types of waste in cement kilns is a well-known measure to ensure sustainability across the HeidelbergCement Group. Due to the HeidelbergCement Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (AFR) Policy, the company achieves significant energy and materials savings of non-renewable, natural resources. HeidelbergCement has committed itself in their Sustainability Ambitions 2020 (that have already moved into global Sustainability Commitments 2030) [3] to reach the target for an alternative fuel rate of 30% for the Group. To achieve these targets, an Alternative Fuel Strategic Plan [4] has been established. Kakanj Cement Plant in the Zenica-Doboj Canton is one of the very few factories of the HeidelbergCement Group in the European region that does not yet use alternative fuels in their production process. This raises the price of production and makes the company uncompetitive in the market. In this way more than 200 jobs are directly affected, and indirectly 1,000 jobs in Kakanj and the wider community. To counteract this situation, HeidelbergCement has drafted a CO2 Master plan for Kakanj Cement, which defines the goal for the Kakanj Cement Plant on alternative fuels: A level of 30% alternative fuels should be reached by 2020 to substitute fossil fuels for the cement clinker production. One opportunity to replace fossil fuels by alternative fuel would be for the Kakanj plant to collect RDF from municipal waste like waste tyres or other solid waste and use it as alternative fuel.


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Tvornica cementa Kakanj već više od 10 godina pokušava inicijatirati upotrebu alternativnih goriva, ali nailazi na prepreke od strane lokalne zajednice, ali i državne administracije. Zbog toga Tvornica cementa Kakanj i daje traži načina za dobijanje povjerenja lokalne zajednice i nevladinog sektora (NVO) pokazujući im sve prednosti upotrebe alternativnih goriva u cementnim pećima. S obzirom na činjenicu da se otpad kao gorivo ne može koristiti direktno sa deponija, potreban je razvoj lokalne infrastrukture za prikupljanje, sortiranje i pripremu otpada za preradu i pretvaranje u gorivo. 2.3. Poslovni interesi i dugoročna održivost Poslovni interes HeidelbergCement Grupacije je da poveća nivo upotrebe alternativnih goriva u Tvornici cementa Kakanj i na taj način podigne konkurentnost Tvornice na regionalnom tržištu cementa. Kako bi stekla povjerenje nadležnih institucija i lokalne zajednice, Tvornica će organizovati sve neophodne aktivnosti za podizanje svijesti javnosti o prednostima proizvodnje i upotrebe RDF-a, te mogućim rizicima i načinima njihovog otklanjanja. Osim toga, Tvornica cementa Kakanj će podržati izgradnju potrebne infrastrukture za upravljanje otpadom (nabavka opreme, obuka uposlenika javne komunalne operative i sl.) u općini Kakanj i Zeničko-dobojskom kantonu, zajedno sa GIZ-om, kako bi osposobili lokalnu komunalnu operativu za prikupljanje, sortiranje otpada i njegov u pripremu za proizvodnju RDF-a. Na ovaj način (podizanjem svijesti javnosti i uspostavom neophodne infrastrukture), Tvornica cementa Kakanj nadilazi svoj primarni poslovni interes. Tvornica cementa Kakanj ne može implementirati ovaj projekt samostalno. U tom smislu potrebna joj je podrška kako bi ostvarila bolji pristup relevantnim NVO i lokalnoj samoupravi u procesu uspostavljanje neophodne infrastrukture. Također Tvornica očekuje podršku od strane GIZ- a u pravcu uspostavljanja kontakata sa lokalnim komunalnim preduzećima kao partnerima u procesu prikupljanja i pripreme otpada za proizvodnju RDF-a. Za izgradnju povjerenja i edukaciju lokalne i šire društvene zajednice, također je potrebna podrška GIZ-a. To uključuje angažman poznatih i nezavisnih eksperata u raznim informativnim i edukativnim radionicama uz podršku i odobrenje GIZ-a.

Kakanj Cement already tried to initiate the use of alternative fuels 10 years ago, but came up against resistance from administration and communities. Hence Kakanj Cement is looking for a way to create trust among authorities, the population and NGOs by showing the advantages of using alternative fuels in a cement kiln. In addition, as the required alternative fuels cannot be taken from landfills directly, the company needs access to a local infrastructure which can collect and prepare the waste. 2.3 Business interests and long-term viability of the measure It is the business interest of the HeidelbergCementGroup to increase the level of alternative fuels used in the Kakanj kiln in order to raise productivity and enhance competitiveness on the regional market. In order to gain commitment from the relevant authorities and communities, the company will initiate networking and awareness raising events for these stakeholders to show the advantages of RDF production, discuss associated risks and the means to counteract these risks. In addition, Kakanj Cement will support the building of infrastructure for waste management (purchase of equipment, training of staff, etc.) in the municipalities of Kakanj and Zenica-Doboj Canton, together with GIZ, in order to enable local municipal operators to collect and sort the waste and prepare it for RDF production. Byawareness raising and facilitating the necessary infrastructure, Kakanj/ HeidelbergCement goes beyond their immediate business interest. Kakanj Cement however cannot implement the project alone, so it needs the support for better access to the relevant NGOs and municipal actors that allow the company to establish the necessary infrastructure. Also, GIZ support is expected in facilitating contact to local waste operators as partners to collect and prepare the waste for RDF production. GIZ support is also required in confidence-building and training of the general public and communities. That includes information events with recognized and independent experts which should be supplied by GIZ and with GIZ approval.


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Bosna i Hercegovina još uvijek nema obavezu smanjenja emisija CO2 , ali na ovaj način Tvornica cementa Kakanj može smanjiti emisije stakleničkih plinova čak i prije nego što to postane obaveza i može poslužiti kao model za cijelu zemlju u budućnosti. Svjetski Poslovni Savjet za Održivi Razvoj – Inicijativa Održivosti u Cementnoj Industriji WBCSD – CSI (World Business Council for Sustainable Development–Cement Sustainability Initiative) [5] ima definisan model za kalkulaciju CO2 emisija iz svih izvora u industriji cementa. Redukcijom upotrebe fosilnih goriva. Povećanjem upotrebe alternativnih goriva na račun fosilnih može se tačno izračunati učinak u smislu smanjenja emisije CO2. Održivost ovog projekta ogleda se u činjenici da će općina Kakanj i cijeli Zeničko-dobojski kanton uspostaviti i implementirati sistem upravljanja otpadom koji podrazumijeva prikupljanje komunalnog otpada, adekvatnu reciklažu dijela koji se može reciklirati, proizvodnju RDF-a iz dijela koji se može energetski iskorisiti i odlaganje samo ostatka koji se ne može upotrijebiti na drugi način. Na ovaj način smanjit će se lokalne i regionalne deponije otpada, a industrija cementa će moći zamijeniti fosilna goriva alternativnim izvorima energije na duži vremenski period. Ovo bi moglo rezultirati ponudom dugoročnih ugovora za buduće proizvođače RDF-a. 3. CILJEVI PROJEKTA, METODO-LOGIJA ZA NJIHOVO POSTIZANJE I INDIKATORI ZA NJIHOVO MJERENJE Cilj projekta je: početak upotrebe komunalnog i industrijskog otpada, kao i otpadnih automobilskih guma u procesu proizvodnje u Tvornici cemena Kakanj. Učinak projekta je: smanjenje količina komunalnog otpada na deponijama, te redukcija upotrebe fosilnih goriva kao energenta u industriji cementa u Zeničko-dobojskom kantonu. Dostizanje ciljeva projekta može biti mjereno pomoću sljedećih indikatora: 1. Da općina Kakanj i okolne općine Zeničko-dobojskog kantona kao i ostale zainteresirane strane imaju ugovor za upotrebu komunalnog otpada u procesu proizvodnje cementa (potpisan Memorandum o razumijevanju između nabrojanih zainteresiranih strana i Tvornice cementa Kakanj uključujući 3-godišnji plan o poticanju korištenja komunalnog i industrijskog otpada, kao i otpadnih automobilskih guma za proizvodnju energije u procesu proizvodnje klinkera).

There is no legal obligation to reduce CO2 yet in the country. However, by way of the development partnership, Kakanj Cement can reduce greenhouse gas emissions even before local legislation will be ready and can serve as a role model for the country. WBCSD – CSI (World Business Council for Sustainable Development – Cement Sustainability Initiative)5 has defined a model for calculating CO2 emissions from all sources in the cement industry. By reducing the use of fossil fuels at the expense of alternative fuels, the exact effect can be calculated in terms of CO2 reduction. The sustainability of the project lies in the fact that Kakanj community (and whole Zenica – Doboj Canton) will establish and implement a municipal waste management system for the collection of municipal waste which includes its adequate recycling, conversion into alternative energy and disposal. Therefore, in the region, waste dumped on landfills will be reduced, and the local cement industry can replace fossil fuels through alternative energy on a long term basis. This could be done by offering long-term agreements with the RDF producing entity. 3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY AND OBJECTIVE INDICATORS The objective of the project is:The use of household waste, industrial waste and waste tyres for the cement production of TvornicaCementaKakanj has started. The impact of the project is: the reduction of municipal waste and reduction of use of fossil fuels for energy generation in cement production in Zenica-Doboj Canton. The achievement of the project objective can be measured by the following indicators: 1. Municipality of Kakanj and surrounding municipalities in Zenica-Doboj Canton and local stakeholders have an agreement forthe use of municipal waste in the cement production (Signed Memorandum of Understanding between the named stakeholders and Tvornica cementa Kakanjd.o.o. including a 3-year plan of operations fostering the use of household waste, industrial waste and waste tyres for energy production of cement kilns).


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2. Do juna 2018. godine 20.000 tona starih automobilskih guma ili 20.000 tona komunalnog otpada u Zeničko-dobojskom kantonu treba da bude upotrijebljeno za proizvodnju energije u Tvornici cementa Kakanj. (Polazna vrijednost: nula tona; izvor verifikacije. Dokumentacija lokalnog javnog komunalnog preduzeća). 3.1. Kratak opis mjere Tvornica cementa Kakanj i GIZ će pokrenuti kampanju za prihvatanje ove tehnologije u široj javnosti i dobijanje podrške lokalnih zajednica u Zeničko-dobojskom kantonu (ovaj projekt uključuje i lokalni i kantonalni nivo) i njihovih javnih komunalnih preduzeća da prošire sistem prikupljanja otpada. Nadležne državne institucije će obezbjediti provođenje postojećih zakonskih normi i standarda u vezi proizvodnje RDF-a i ograničenja emisija u zrak. Osim toga, partneri u projektu će uspostaviti organizovanu mrežu lokalnih komunalnih operatera koji će prikupiti i pripremiti čvrsti komunalni otpad kao sirovinu za proizvodnju RDF-a. Tokom edukacije i podizanja svijesti javnosti, (uključujući okrugle stolove, konferencije, seminare, radionice, aktivnosti sa školama i sl.) partneri u projektu će koristiti Heidelberg Cement uputstva i vodiče, kao i GIZ-Holcim uputstva i vodiče (kao osnovu). Ova uputstva i vodiči su razvijeni tokom realizacije ranijeg partnerskog projekta Njemačkog proizvođača cementa Holcim i GIZ-a (Holcim-GTZ guidelines) i upotrijebljeni su u mnogim drugim zemljama na GIZ-ovim treninzima o preradi otpadnih materijala u proizvodnji cementa. Sve ovo kako bi osigurali da državne institucija, ali i NVO razumiju kakve mogućnosti u smislu raznih benifita se otvaraju realizacijom ovog projekta. Također, koristit će se i ostali relevantni dokumenti. 3.2. Rezultati 3.2.1 Podizanje svijesti javnosti i kreiranje javno-privatnih mreža U saradnji sa lokalnim NVO i GIZ-om, Tvornica cementa Kakanj će podsticati podizanje svijesti lokalne zajednice, uposlenika lokalne samouprave i javne komunalne operative informišući ih o ekonomskim i okolinskim benifitima, kao i mogućim rizicima i njihovim uklanjanjima u procesu upotrebe komunalnog otpada u pećima za proizvodnju klinkera.

2. By June 2018, 20.000 tons of old tires or 20.000 tons of household waste produced in the Zenica-Doboj Canton are used for energy production by Tvornica Cementa Kakanjd.o.o. (Baseline: zero t; source of verification: documentation of Kakanj public utilities). 3.1 Brief description of the measure Kakanj Cement and GIZ will facilitate a campaign to raise acceptance of the technology among the general public and to obtain commitment from the communities in the Zenica-Doboj Canton (this project integrates the canton and municipal levels into its activities) and its public utilities to extension of the waste collection system. The relevant authorities will be provided with capacity building on existing norms and standards relating to RDF production and the regulation of emissions. In addition, the partners will establish an organized network of local waste operators, who will collect and prepare solid municipal waste as material for RDF production. In all training and awareness raising events, which integrate roundtables, workshops, conferences, activities with schools etc.), the partners will draw on the Heidelberg Cement guidelines, the GIZ-Holcim guidelines (as a basis). These guidelines were prepared in a development partnership by the German cement producer Holcim and GIZ (Holcim-GTZ guidelines) and have been used in various countries by GIZ as a training kit on co-processing waste materials in cement production in order to enable public authorities and NGOs to understand the benefits and risks of co-processing as a contribution towards sustainable development. Other guidelines and documents will be used if relevant. 3.2 Results 3.2.1 Raise awareness among the public and create public-private networks In cooperation with local NGOs and GIZ, Kakanj Cement will create awareness among the local community, local municipal staff and the municipal waste operators to inform them on the economic and environmental advantages as well as possible risks and their mitigation of co-processing municipal waste in cement kilns:


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Kako bi se osigurala kredibilnost i povjerenje šire javnosti, sve relevantne informacije će biti dostupne putem tehničkih članaka u lokalnim medijima, širenjem informativnih materijala, održavanjem informativnih seminara, radionica i sl. (uključujući stručnjake sa Univerziteta u Zenici). 3.3. Informisanje, Edukacija i Prijenos znanja Kako bi se osigurala opredjeljenost državnih institucija, za ovaj projekt, partneri će organizovati okrugli sto i diskusiju sa lokalnim i državnim relevantnim institucijama za okoliš i njihovom javnom komunalnom operativom koju će voditi eksperti GIZ-a, ali i renomiranih institucija i univerziteta, a sve u cilju iniciranja dijaloga svih zainteresiranih strana. Kroz radionice, relevantni lokalni i kantonalni autoriteti će biti informisani o mogućnostima, konsekvencama i poslovnim šansama vezanim za proizvodnju RDF-a, kao i mogućnostima smanjenja troškova zbog smanjenja količina otpada na deponijama. Bit će također upoznati sa zahtjevima, ali i tehničkim i okolinskim standardima vezanim za spaljivanje otpada, kao i novim tehnologijama u oblasti monitoringa emisija u zrak. Federalno Ministarstvo Okoliša i Turizma (FMOiT) koje ima obavezu izdavanja dozvola i kontrole emisija u zrak, će također biti uključeno u ove radionice. Uprava i osoblje javnih preduzeća „Vodokom“ Kakanj i „Alba“ Zenica će biti upoznati sa novim zakonskim zahtjevima iz oblasti upravljanja otpadom (naprimjer u vezi Pravilnika koji zabranjuje tzv. „divlje“ deponije i neregulisano odlaganje otpada). Obzirom da procesiranje otpada u alternativno gorivo osigurava partikularne poslovne šanse za svakog učesnika, partneri u projektu će podržati općinska javna komunalna preduzeća da prošire svoje usluge, da identificiraju šanse za finansijsku dobit i osiguraju potrebne tehničke informacije o količinama i sastavu prikupljenog otpada, kao i kontrolu kvaliteta proizvodnje RDF-a. Prema potrebama, Federalno Ministarstvo Okoliša i Turizma će pružiti podršku u provođenju postojeće zakonske legislative u oblasti upravljanja otpadom, kao i ambalažnim otpadom, ali i u smislu zatvaranja ilegalnih deponija otpada. Prve sugestije o ovome mogu biti pripremljene i prezentirane Ministarstvu u saradnji sa GIZ-om.

In order to ensure credibility among the general public, information will be provided by way of technical articles in the local media, dissemination of information material in the community and by conducting information event (independent information sharing, involving personnel from University of Zenica and other experts) for the community. 3.3 Information, Education, Knowledge Transfer To gain commitment from the relevant authorities the partners will provide round table discussions for local (and national) authorities, environmental regulators and their utilities headed by experts from GIZ andrenowned institutions and universities to initiate multi-stakeholder dialogues. Through workshops, relevant local municipal and cantonal authorities will be informed about possibilities, consequences and business opportunities attached to RDF production as well as possible cost savings due to the reduction of waste to be landfilled. They will be provided with knowledge on the requirements of technical and environmental standards relating to co-processing of waste and new developments in the field of monitoring emissions. The Federal Ministry of Environmental and Tourism (which is in charge of approval and monitoring – air pollution control) will also be included in this workshops. Management and staff of the public utilities "Vodokom" Kakanj and "Alba" Zenicawill be informed about the new legal requirements(e.g. in regard to the regulations prohibiting wild landfills and unregulated dumping of waste) in the area of waste management. As co-processing provides particular business opportunities for local waste operators, the partners will support the municipal waste operators to enlarge their service base, to identify financing opportunities, and provide the necessary technical information on volumes to be collected, quality and contents of waste as well as on quality control of RDF production. If required, the Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism will be provided with assistance on the enforcement of the existing legislations in the field of waste management, like the closure of illegal dumping sites or the management of packaging waste. First suggestions on this can be prepared and presented to the ministry in cooperation with GIZ.


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3.4. Razvoj neophodne infrastrukture za prihvat i doziranje goriva iz otpada Tvornica cementa Kakanj će izgraditi neophodnu infrastrukturu za spaljivanje otpada (prihvat, skladištenje i doziranje RDF-a) Ova važna aktivnost će biti implementirana od strane Tvornice cementa Kakanj neovisno o ovom projektu. Ovo nije dio projektnih aktivnosti, ali mora biti spomenuto kao relevantna aktivnost za realizaciju projekta. Sistem prikupljanja pojedinih vrsta otpada će biti započet sa prikupljanjem starih automobilskih guma, kao i otpada iz obližnje kožne i tekstilne industrije, a kasnije će biti proširen i na komunalni otpad. U prvom koraku Tvornica cementa Kakanj će zamijeniti 3% fosilnog goriva (uglja) starim automobilskim gumama u 2015. godini. To će biti upotrijebljeno kao „pilot“ proces suspaljivanja, kako bi se javnosti demonstrirali pozitivni efekti u smislu redukcije emisija u zrak. U ovom trenutku, Tvornica cementa Kakanj ima tehničku mogućnost doziranja samo starih automobilskih guma u proces. Za primjenu RDF-a bit će neophodno instalirati dodatnu opremu. U drugom koraku Tvornica cementa Kakanj će organizovati mrežu dobavljača starih automobilskih guma uz plaćanje usluge sakupljanja i transporta (formiranje specifične cijene po toni sakupljenih guma). Lokalni komunalni operateri "Vodokom" Kakanj i "Alba" Zenica (zajedno sa regionalnom deponijom “Mošćanica”) će također biti podržani u procesu sakupljanja, sortiranja i pripreme komunalnog otpada za proizvodnju RDF-a. Za uspostavljanje infrastrukture za preradu otpada, partneri u Projektu mogu zaključiti sporazume za razvoj infrastrukture lokalnih komunalnih operatera za proizvodnju RDF-a, kao i sa rukovodstvom regionalne deponije“Mošćanica” i “Alba” Zenica. Sporazumi će također biti zaključeni sa općinom Kakanj kako bi se uključio i lokalni operater "Vodokom" Kakanj. Kako bi se osigurala podrška lokalne i šire društvene zajednice u procesu priprema za proizvodnju RDF-a, partneri u Projektu će izraditi Studiju za implementaciju proizvodnje RDF-a u lokalnom kontekstu. Na taj način, preporuke za općine, općinske operatere za upravljanje otpadom, regionalne deponije i lokalni privatni sektor o tome kako da koordiniraju i implementiraju logistiku i infrastrukturu za proizvodnju RDF-a će biti prenesene nabrojanim zainteresiranim stranama.

3.4. Develop the necessary infrastructure for co-processing of municipal waste Kakanj Cement will establish the necessary infrastructure for co-processing of waste (storage for RDF, infrastructure for collection and processing)in the cement industry.This important activity will be implemented by Tvornica cementa Kakanjd.d. separate from the project. It is not part of the project activities, but must be mentioned as it is relevant for the overall issue of RDF. The collection system will be started with collecting old tires and waste from the leather industry and later expand to municipal waste. In a first step, Kakanj cement plant will change 3% fossil fuel (coal) by old tires in 2015. This will be used as a “pilot” co-processing to publicly demonstrate the effect on air pollution. At the moment, Kakanj cement has the only technically feasible possibility of using old tires. For the application of RDF will be necessary to install additional equipment. In a second step, Kakanj cement will facilitate an organized network of collectors of old car tyres for which Kakanj Cement will pay a specific price per ton of material. The local municipal operations "Vodokom" Kakanj and "Alba" Zenica(together with the Regional landfill “Mošćanica”) will be supported to collect, sort and prepare municipal waste for RDF production. To facilitate the infrastructure for co-processing, the partners could conclude agreements for infrastructure development of local utility operators for the production of RDF, with the management of the regional landfills “Mošćanica” and “Alba” Zenica. Agreements will also be concluded with Kakanj municipality in order to conclude the co-processing agreement with "Vodokom" Kakanj. In order to support the communities with the preparation of RDF production, the project partners will implement a study on the implementation of RDF production within the local context. Recommendations for the municipality, municipal waste management companies, landfills operators and local private sector how to coordinate and implement the logistics and infrastructure for RDF production will be conveyed to the named stakeholders.


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Rezultati ove Studije o šansama i mogućnostima za buduću proizvodnju RDF-a će biti dostupni relevantnim zainteresiranim stranama na jednom od tri informaciona sastanka (okrugla stola) koji će biti organizovani u sklopu ovog Projekta. Na ovan način sve zainteresirane strane će imati mogućnost da preduzmu prve korake u smislu saradnje i koordinacije tokom uspostavljanja procesa proizvodnje RDF-a. 3.5. Osiguranje znanstvene podrške, monitoring i evaluacija rezultata monitoringa emisija Saradnja sa Univerzitetom u Zenici će osigurati znanstvenu podršku Projekta. Ovaj Univerzitet je trenutno u procesu certificiranja postupaka za mjerenje emisija i bit će relevantan za monitoring i diseminaciju rezultata monitoringa emisija u zrak, putem svoga nezavisnog Instituta. Univerzitet će (zajedno sa relevantnim javnim institucijama za monitoring i kontrolu emisija) provoditi edukaciju i prezentaciju procesa proizvodnje i upotrebe RDF-a kao energenta, kao i prezentaciju rezultata monitoringa emisija u zrak. Rezultati svih analiza će biti dostupni svim partnerima u Projektu kako bi se osigurala legitimnost pilot projekta suspaljivanja. Sve relevantne informacije će također biti dostupne općinskim stručnim službama, njihovim javnim komunalnim preduzećima, nevladinom sektoru, obrazovnim ustanovama, neovisnim stručnjacima itd. 3.6. Struktura upravljanja i nadzora Tvornica cementa kakanj i GIZ kao članovi upravljačkog odbora Projekta će se sastajati mjesečno ili po potrebi, kako bi diskutovali i analizirali ostvareni napredak i dogovarali sljedeće korake. Monitoring proizvodnje RDF-a će biti pod patronatom Univerziteta. Rezultati će biti dokumentirani i dostupni svim uključenim organizacijama 3.7. Prethodne aktivnosti i veze sa drugim projektima Prvi pokušaj Tvornice cementa Kakanj da dobije dozvolu za upotrebu alternativnih goriva je bio neuspješan zbog protivljenja i javnog neslaganja lokalne zajednice. Tvornica cementa Kakanj je pokrenula proces prilagođavanja opreme za prihvat i doziranje raznih vrsta alternativnih goriva. Osoblje odjela nabavke je provelo istraživanje tržišta starih automobilskih guma, otpada iz tekstilne i industrije prerade kože, bio mase, otpadnog ulja i plastike.

Within one to three information meetings, where the findings of the study and opportunities for RDF production will be presented, relevant stakeholders will have the opportunity to take the first steps in cooperating and coordinating in implementing a system of RDF production. 3.5. Ensure scientific support and monitoring and evaluation of emissions Cooperation will be sought with a local university (the University of Zenica) to provide scientific support to the project. This university is currently in the process of being certified and thus will be officially mandated with implementing the relevant emission control tests. At this point the university will analyse the emission control tests, implemented by an independent institute, thus providing an additional, independent assessment. The university’s role will also be to translate these results into information for the public. The university (together with relevant public authority for emission control) will give education and presentation of RDF production and incineration process as well as information of emission monitoring results. The results of the analysis will be published by the project partners to ensure legitimation of the pilot project. The information will be disseminated to the municipalities and their public utilities, NGOs, schools and independent experts. 3.6. Steering Structure and Monitoring Kakanj Cement and GIZ as members of the project steering committee will meet monthly and as needed to discuss project progress and next steps. Monitoring of RDF production will be undertaken by the university. The results will be documented and made available to all organizations involved. 3.7. Previous measures and relationship to other projects First attempts by Kakanj Cement to obtain a permit for alternative fuels were thwarted previously due to resistance from administration and communities due to public dissent. Kakanj Cement has now again taken up the process by customizing the equipment for a trial with several types of alternative fuels. The staff of Kakanj Cement’s purchasing department has conducted a market research on old tyres, waste from leather industry, biomass, waste oil, plastic and textiles.


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Tvornica cementa Kakanj je započela realizaciju internog trening porograma iz oblasti alternativnih goriva za vlastite uposlenike. Osim toga, u Tvornici je instaliran i pušten u rad novi sistem za automatski monitoring emisija (AMS). Probno suspaljivanje gore nabrojanih vrsta alternativnih goriva je provedeno u ljeto 2014. godine i svi parametri su bili unutar dozvoljenih granica. U tom smislu Federalno ministarstvo okoliša i turizma je spremno da podrži ovaj Projekt, te je izdalo dozvolu za upotrebu navedenih vrsta alternativnih goriva u iznosu od 10% ukupno potrebnog energetskog konzuma. Također, preliminarni razgovori sa predstavnicima Univerziteta u Zenici, općinske administracije i javnih komunalnih preduzeća su već provedeni. • Univerzitet je zainteresiran da se pridruži Projektu i dali su prijedlog da se uključi i regionalna deponija “Mošćanica” kao jedina legitimna deponija za više od 20 općina Zeničko – dobojskog i Srednjobosanskog kantona (koji će biti naknadno uključeni u koncept Projekta). • Univerzitet će pružiti podršku za uključenje nevladinog sektora (NVO), • Općina Kakanj je pokazala interes za ovaj Projekt, • Lokalna javna komunalna operativa je također zainteresirana. GIZ Program za lokalnu samoupravu i privredni razvoj u Bosni i Hercegovini (ProLocal) [6] – PN 2012 2457.5 je započet 2013. godine. Program je podijeljen u tri razvojne oblasti (AA): za jačanje lokalne samouprave u oblasti promocije biznisa (AA 1), javno-privatni dijalog (AA 2) i uključivanje manjih poslovnih modela kroz lanac vrijednosti (AA 3). Za ovaj Projekt je posebno značajna komponenta AA 2 (jačanje javno-privatnog dijaloga). AA2 podrška će biti proširena na osobe i institucije koje rade u privatnom sektoru kao i na kompanije i ostale snabdjevače usluga koje će biti uključene u dijalog. GIZ-Program za edukaciju odraslih, PN 13.2256.9-001.00 je započeo u Bosni i Hercegovini 2010. godine. Glavni cilj ovog projekta da odrasli imaju napredni pristup za najkvalitetniju edukaciju odraslih u „pilot“ regijama Zeničko-dobojskog kantona, regiji gradova Banja Luke i Sarajeva uključujući cijeli Kanton Sarajevo i regiju Istočnog Sarajeva. Za provođenje ovog Programa neophodna je saradnja u procesu treninga sakupljača otpada.

Kakanj Cement has started to develop an internal employee training program on the use of alternative fuel. The new automatic emission measurement system was put into operation. Test incineration was conducted during the summer 2014. Since all parameters were within the permissible range, the Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism is ready to support this project and has issued a Permit for use of 10% of alternative fuels. Meanwhile, preliminary discussions with representatives of the Zenica University, the Municipal administration, and the public utilities already have been conducted. • The University is interested to join the Project and gave the proposal to incorporate a regional landfill “Mošćanica” as the only legitimate regional landfill by over 20 municipalities of Zenica – Doboj and Central Bosnia cantons(which was subsequently included in the concept of project). • The university will help with the inclusion of non-governmental sector. • The municipality is interested in this project, • The local public utilities are also interested. The GIZ-Programme for local self-government and economic development in Bosnia and Herzegovina (ProLocal) [6] – PN 2012 2457.5 started in 2013. The programme is divided into three activity areas (AA) to strengthen the municipalities in the field of business promotion (AA 1), public-private dialogue (AA 2) and inclusive pro-poor business models along value chains (AA 3).For this measure is especially important the component AA 2 (strengthening of public-private dialogue). AA2 support will be expanded to the persons and institutions working in the private sector of the economy and business promotion, as well as to companies and other service providers who are to be included in the dialogue. The GIZ-Programme for adult education, PN 13.2256.9-001.00 started in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2010. The main goal of this project is that adults have improved access to high-quality adult education in the pilot regions of Zenica-Doboj, Banja Luka and Sarajevo, including the Canton of Sarajevo and the East Sarajevo region. For this measure cooperation in the field of training of waste collectors is sought.


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Otvoreni Regionalni Fond za Jugoistočnu Evropu – Modernizacija pružanja Općinskih usluga (ORF MMS) je finansiran od strane Njemačkog Federalnog Ministarstva za Privrednu saradnju i Razvoj (BMZ) i Vlade Švicarske i implementiran od strane GIZ-a (Projekt broj: 2012.2465.8). Kao fleksibilni savjetni instrument Otvoreni Regionalni Fond inicira i promovira održivu regionalnu. ORF MMS ciljevi su da izgradi kapacitete i poboljša pružanje općinskih usluga u skladu sa EU standardima, kroz regionalne projekte. Fokusne oblasti su vodosnabdijevanje, upravljanje otpadom, poboljšanje nivoa usluga koje pružaju općine i izgradnja kapaciteta za općinske upravljačke strukture. 3.8. Rizici Postoji realna mogućnost da se, tokom realizacije ovog Projekta, ne uspije u izgradnji potrebne infrastrukture za proizvodnju RDF-a kroz lokalne komunalne operatere zbog njihove inertnosti i nespremnosti. Ovaj rizik može biti ublažen naglašavanjem poslovnih šansi koje se za komunalne operatere otvaraju, ako uđu u proces prerade otpada. Postoji mogućnost da lokalne zajednice (općine) ne budu zainteresirane za saradnju. Ovaj potencijalni problem bi se riješio uključivanjem GIZ-a, Univerziteta i NVO u cijeli proces. Postoji mogućnost da javnost bude protiv upotrebe otpada kao energenta i da vrši pritisak na Tvornicu cementa Kakanj da nastavi sa upotrebom fosilnih goriva kao osnovnih energenata. Kako bi se ovaj rizik ublažio, proces podizanja svijesti javnosti će biti proveden od strane nezavisnih eksperata, Univerziteta, NVO, GIZ-a, a može biti definisan i kao posebni dio Projekta. Ako budu postojali slučajevi da ni jedna protumjera ne može ublažiti rizike, partneri u projektu će morati dodatno razmotriti projektni plan sa svim potencijalnim kritičnim tačkama. Rizik koji se pojavljuje zbog ne postojanja neovisnih laboratorija za kontrolu kvaliteta RDF-a, ublažavat će se tako što će nadležno Ministarstvo i ostale zainteresirane strane biti potpuno uključene i informisane o projektnim aktivnostima. Tvornica Cementa Kakanj će organizovati i opremiti vlastitu laboratoriju kako bi se obezbjedile neophodne analize i ekspertize.

Open Regional Fund for South East Europe – Modernization of Municipal Services (ORF MMS) is financed by German Federal Ministry for Economic cooperation and Development (BMZ) and Government of Switzerland and implemented by GIZ (Project Number: 2012.2465.8). As flexible advisory instrument,Open Regional Fund initiates and promotes sustainable regional cooperation. ORF MMS aims to build capacities and improve municipal services provision in accordance with EU standards, through regional projects. Focus areas are water supply and disposal, waste management, improvement of the range of services offered by municipalities, and capacity building for municipal management structures. 3.8 Risks It may not be possible to create an infrastructure for RDF production through local waste operators, as they may not cooperate. This risk will be mitigated by highlighting the business opportunities to the waste operators that are involved in co-processing. Local municipalities also may not cooperate. This will be mitigated by GIZ, university and NGO involvement in the process. Public may oppose to the use of waste in the energy provision of cement kilns and force Tvornica Cementa Kakanjd.d. to return to fossil fuels as energy provider. To mitigate this risk, measures of public awareness raising will be implemented with neutral entities e.g. NGO, university, GIZ and may be intentified to a certain point if needed. In all these cases that no counter measure will succeed in mitigating these risks, the project partners will have to reconsider the project plan (predetermined breaking point). The monitoring capacity of the regulator could be deficient. No laboratory capacity to independently control the quality of RDF produced. To counter this risk, the relevant environmental regulator will be fully integrated and informed about the project activities. Tvornica Cementa Kakanjd.d. will ensure that capacities are developed in cooperation with the university in order to ensure relevant expertise.


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4. ZAKLJUČAK Razvoj neophodne infrastrukture i sistema za sortiranje, i pripremu komunalnog otpada za proizvodnju alternativnog goriva, kao i razvoj partnerskih odnosa u ovom procesu, može doprinijeti uspostavljanju procesa pretvaranja otpada u energiju, te održivog integralnog procesa upravljanja otpadom u općini Kakanj i šire. Ovo dalje otvara mogućnost za kreiranje novih radnih mjesta i direktni razvoj lokalne zajednice. Ako se proces proširi na ostale proizvođače cementa ili druge lokalne zajednice, sistem upravljanja otpadom može se unaprijediti širom Bosne i Hercegovine, a na najvišem nivou ovaj projekt doprinosi održivom privrednom razvoju (SDG1) [7]. Osim toga, zamjenom fosilnih goriva alternativnim gorivom dobivenim iz komunalnog otpada, značajno se smanjuju količine otpada na deponijama. Također, upotrebom alternativnih goriva smanjuju se emisije CO2 , a na najvećem nivou Projekt doprinosti ispunjenju cilja broj 7 (SDG7) [7] iz oblasti ciljeva održivog razvoja. Nadležno ministarstvo će dobiti podršku u provedbi zakonske regulative iz oblasti upravljanja otpadom, čime će se intenzivirati aktivnosti iz oblasti zaštite okoliša relevantne za buduće pristupanje Bosne i Hercegovine Evropskoj Uniji.

4. CONCLUSION By developing the necessary infrastructure and system for sorting, and preparation of municipal solid waste for the use as alternative fuel, the development partnership can contribute towards establishing a system for energy recovery from waste and an industry for sustainable waste management services in Kakanj municipality and beyond. This opens up possibilities for creating new jobs and direct employment of local people. If the approach is replicated by other cement producers or other communities, the waste management industry can be modernised throughout the country. On a highly aggregated level, the project contributes towards sustainable economic development (SDG 1) [7]

In addition, by replacing the share of fossil fuels by alternative fuels from municipal waste, the amount of waste dumped on municipal landfills can be reduced substantially. Also CO2 emissions in the communities are reduced if the industry uses more alternative energy sources. On a highly aggregated level, the project contributes towards fulfilling SDG 77. Ministry and administration employees will be supported to enforce regulations of waste management, which will prepare them to cope with the needs for the future accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union in terms of environmental and waste related legal issues.

5. LITERATURA – REFERENCES [1] Federal Waste Management Strategy, the

Ministry of Environment and Tourism [2] The legal framework for the thermal use of

waste in Bosnia and Herzegovina - since 2003.

[3] HC Sustainability Commitments 2030 [4] HC Technology Center – AF Strategic Plan [5] WBCSD – CSI 2009. (World Business

Council for Sustainable Development – Cement Sustainability Initiative)

[6] The GIZ-Programme for local self-government and economic development in Bosnia and Herzegovina (ProLocal) – PN 2012 2457.5

[7] UNSDGs 2030 (UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030)

Coresponding author: Almir Bajtarević Tvornica cementa Kakanj d.d. Kakanj HEIDELBERGCEMENT GROUP, Selima ef. Merdanovića 146, Kakanj Email: [email protected] Phone: +387 61 180 391

Mašinstvo 3(15), 171 – 179, (2018) H. Mešić et all.: WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF THE CITY OF…

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TRETMAN OTPADNIH VODA GRADA ZENICE

WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF THE CITY OF ZENICA

Haris Mešić JP "Vodovod i kanalizacija" d.o.o Zenica Ključne riječi: Postrojenje, tretman, kolektori, otpadna voda Keywords: Plant, treatment, collectors, wastewater Paper received: 06.06.2018. Paper accepted: 12.09.2018.

Stručni rad REZIME Otpadne vode odvode se od mjesta nastanka do prijemnika uz prethodni tretman kanalizacijom koju čine skup cijevi, kanala i građevina. Kanalizacijom se odvode kućanske (sanitarne) i industrijske otpadne vode.Tretman (kondicionirnaje) otpadnih voda postupak je za smanjenje onečišćivača do onih količina ili koncentracija s kojima prečišćene otpadne vode ispuštene u prirodne vodne sisteme postaju bezopasne za život i ljudsko zdravlje i ne uzrokuju neželjene promjene u okolišu. Gradski projekat stoga je fokusiran na neophodne mjere za sakupljanje i tretman gradskih otpadnih voda tj. za njihov transport do predviđene lokacije za novo postrojenje za tretman otpadnih voda i izgradnju istog. Temeljni postupci tretmana otpadnih voda zavise prije svega od sastava otpadne vode i rezultata do kojih se želi doći odnosno stepena prečišćavanja.

Professional paper

SUMMARY Waste water is taken from the place of origin to the receiver with the prior treatment of sewage consisting of a set of pipes, canals and structures. Sewerage is done by domestic (sanitary) and industrial wastewater.Treatment (conditioning) of wastewater is a procedure for reducing pollutants to those quantities or concentrations by which purified wastewater discharged into natural aquatic systems becomes non-hazardous to life and human health and do not cause unwanted changes in the environment. The city project is therefore focused on the necessary measures for the collection and treatment of urban wastewater, ie, for their transport to the designated location for the new wastewater treatment plant and its construction. The basic solutions for wastewater treatment depend primarily on the composition of wastewater and the results to be reached, ie the degree of purification.

1. UVOD Grad Zenica se nalazi uZeničko-dobojskom kantonu u centralnom dijelu Bosne i Hercegovine. Ukupna površina grada je 558 km2 -po zadnjem popisu 2013. godine čine ga 83 mjesne zajednice sa ukupnim stanovništvom od oko 111.000. Oko 72% (odnosno oko 80.000 stanovnika) živi u urbanim područjima dok oko 28% (odnosno oko 37.000 stanovnika) živi u ruralnim poručjima. Trenutno JP "Vodovod i kanalizacija" d.o.o. Zenica svojim sistemom za vodosnabdijevanje pokriva oko 78.000 stanovnika (što odgovara stopi pokrića oko 70%), dok kanalizacioni sistem pokriva oko 67.000 stanovnika (što odgovara stopi pokrića od oko 60%).Većim dijelom je zastupljen kombinovani sistem kanalizacije iz kojeg se sve sakupljene gradske i industrijske otpadne vode, kao i oborinske vode, ispuštaju neposredno u rijeku Bosnu bez ikakvog tretmana, a ista je glavni recipijent koji protiče kroz cijeli grad.

1. INTRODUCTION The city of Zenica is located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton in the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total area of the city is 558 km2-by the last census of 2013 it consists of 83 local communities with a total population of about 111,000.About 72% (or about 80,000 inhabitants) live in urban areas, while around 28% (or about 37,000 inhabitants) live in rural areas. At present, JP "Vodovod i kanalizacija" d.o.o. Zenica with its water supply system covers about 78,000 inhabitants (corresponding to a coverage rate of about 70%), while the sewage system covers about 67,000 inhabitants (corresponding to coverage coverage of about 60%).Most of all, there is a combined system of sewage from which all collected city and industrial wastewaters, as well as precipitation waters, are discharged directly into the river Bosna without any treatment, and it is the main recipient that flows through the whole city.


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2. TRENUTNO STANJE ODVODNJE OTPADNIH VODA

Postojeći javni sistem kanalizacije u Zenici pokriva većinu urbanog poručja Grada Zenice i u određenoj mjeri i predgrađa. Ostala područja koja nisu spojena na javni kanalizacioni sistem koriste septičke jame ili lokalne kanalizacione mreže za sakupljanje i odvodnju otpadnih voda. Glavni proizvođači otpadnih voda su: - domaćinstva, - mala preduzeća, - javne institucije i bolnica, i - industrije (uključujući i industrije koji su

veliki potrošači vode). Prosječni dnevni protok otpadnih voda (procijenjen za 2011. godinu) za gore navedene grupe potrošača je prikazan u Tabeli 1. Tabela 1. Prosječni procijenjeni protoci otpadnih voda iz 2011. (izvor: SI, Dorch, 2013.)

Potrošačka grupa /Sektor

Protok otpadnih voda (m3/dan)

Domaćinstva 10.000 Mala preduzeća 1.500

Bolnica 400 Industrije 2.600 Ukupno 14.500

Kanalizacioni sistem trenutno sačinjavaju tri glavna kolektora locirani na lijevoj i desnoj obali rijeke, to su: - glavni lijevoobalni kolektordužine cca 5,7

km (broj priključenih stanovnika cca 30.000), - lijevoobalni kolektor Blatuša dužine cca 0,8

km (broj priključenih stanovnika cca 6.700), - glavni desnoobalni kolektor dužine cca 3,6

km (broj priključenih stanovnika cca 20.000). Glavni lijevoobalni kolektor preuzima znatne količine industrijskih otpadnih voda bez ikakvog tretmanavoda nakon prolaska kroz kompleks ArcelorMittali RMU Zenica, te se iste kao takve upuštaju u rijeku Bosnu. Na slici 1 prikazana je opća šema kolektora Grada Zenice [4]. 2.1. Trenutna potrošnja - Unapređenje gradskog sistema kanalizacije Jasno je da je ispuštanje netretiranih otpadnih voda iz domaćinstava i industrijskih otpadnih voda u prirodni recipijent neprihvatljivo iz više razloga: a) Pravna perspektiva U odsustvu bilo kakvih zakona o upravljanju vodama na nivou države (BiH), upravljanje vodama na nivou entiteta (FBiH) se vrši kroz

2. CURRENT STATE OF WASTE WATER WASTE

The existing public sewage system in Zenica covers most of the urban address of the City of Zenica and to a certain extent the suburbs.Other areas not connected to the public sewage system use septic tanks or local sewage networks for collecting and draining waste water. The main producers of wastewater are: - households, - small businesses, - public institutions and hospital,and - industry (including industries that are large

water consumers). The average daily discharge of waste water (estimated for 2011) for the above consumer groups is shown in the Table 1. Table 1. Average estimated waste water flows from 2011 (source: FS, Dorch, 2013.)

Consumer group / Sector

Waste water flow (m3 / day)

Households 10.000 Small businesses 1.500

Hospital 400 Industry 2.600

Total 14.500 The sewage system currently consists of three main collectors located on the left and right banks of the river: - the main left-hand collector is approximately

5.7 km long (number of connected inhabitants approx. 30.000),

- left-hand collector Blatuša, approximately 0,8 km long (number of connected inhabitants approx. 6,700),

- the main right-hand collector is approximately 3.6 km long (the number of connected inhabitants is approx. 20.000).

The main left-hand collector takes up considerable quantities of industrial wastewater without any treatment of water after passing through the ArcelorMittal complex and the RMU Zenica, and as such they enter the river Bosna. Figure 1 shows the general scheme of the collector of the City of Zenica [4]. 2.1. Current demand - Improvement of the city sewer system It is clear that the discharge of untreated wastewater from households and industrial wastewater into a natural recipient is unacceptable from several reasons:


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Zakon o vodama pripremljen u 2006. godini, međutim efikasno implementiranu 2008 godini. Usvajanjem Zakona o vodama Federacije BiH čine se znatni napori da se uskladi sa pravnom stečevinom EU o vodama i već je razvijeno niz sekundarnih zakona. Najrelevantniji zakon za ispuštanje općinskih/gradskih otpadnih voda u prirodne recipijente je:„Uredba o dozvoljenim količinama zagađivača i štetnih materija u tretiranim otpadnim vodama iz javnih kanalizacija koje se ispuštaju u prirodne recipijente“(„Službene novineFBiH“, br. 50/07, 2006.) U skladu sa EU propisom 91/271/EEC ova uredba propisuje sljedeće maksimalne dozvoljenekoncentracije za glavne parametre otpadnih voda:

I. BPK5≤25mg/l; II. HPK≤125mg/l;

III. USČ(ukupne suspendovane čestice)≤35;

IV. Ukupni fosfor: ≤ 2mg/l za 10.000-100.000 EBS ≤ 1mg/l za ≥ 100.000 EBS;

V. Ukupni azot: ≤ 15mg/l za 10.000-100.000 EBS ≤ 10mg/l za ≥100.000 EBS.

UTabeli 2 prikazana je gruba procjena trenutnog opterećenja zagađenosti i koncentracije zagađivača za isključivo gradski dio ispuštenih otpadnih voda. Tabela 2. Trenutno opterećenje i koncentracija zagađivača [4]

Parametar Jedinica VrijednostBroj stanovnika (popis 2013) Stan. 110.663

Broj stanovnika priključen na kanalizacioni sistem

Stan. 67.000

Stopa priključenosti % 2,10 Prosječna dnevna proizvodnja gradskih otpadnih voda

m3/d 11.095

Zagađenost gradskih otpadnih voda EBS 77.000

BPK5 mg/l 416 HPK mg/l 833 USČ mg/l 436 Puk mg/l 13,9 Nuk mg/l 76,3

a) Legal perspective In the absence of any laws on water management at the state level (BiH), water management at entity level (FBiH) is carried out through the Water Law prepared in 2006, however efficiently implemented in 2008. By adopting the Law on Waters of the Federation of BiH, it makes considerable efforts to align itself with the acquis on water and has already developed a series of secondary legislation. The most relevant law for discharging municipal / city wastewater into natural recipients is:"Regulation on Allowed Quantities of Pollutants and Harmful Substances in Treatment of Wastewater from Public Sewards Discharged into Natural Recipes" ("Official newspaper of FBiH", No. 50/07, 2006). In accordance with EU Directive 91/271 / EEC, this Regulation prescribes the following maximum permissible concentrations for the main parameters of wastewater:

I. BOC5≤25mg/l; II. COC≤125mg/l;

III. TSP (total suspended particles ) ≤ 35; IV. Total phosphorus: ≤ 2mg/l za 10.000-

100.000 ENP ≤ 1mg/l za ≥ 100.000 ENP;

V. Total nitrogen ≤ 15mg/l za 10.000-100.000 ENP ≤ 10mg/l za ≥100.000 ENP.

In the Table 2 shows a rough estimate of the current pollution load and concentration of pollutants for the exclusively municipal part of the discharged wastewater . Tabela 2. Current load and concentration of pollutants[4]

Parameter Unit Value Numb. of citizens (census 2013) Cap. 110.663

Numb. of inhabitants connected to the sewage system

Cap. 67.000

Connection rate % 2,10 Average daily urban waste water production

m3/d 11.095

Pollution of urban wastewater ENP 77.000

BOC5 mg/l 416 COC mg/l 833 TSP mg/l 436 Puk mg/l 13,9 Nuk mg/l 76,3


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b) Zaštita rijeke Bosne U skladu sa „Uredbom o klasifikaciji voda i priobalnih voda koje se nalaze u okviru granicaBosne i Hercegovine“, rijeka Bosna u Zenici bi trebala da bude kvaliteta vodeklase III, tako da se onda može koristiti za navodnjavanje (nakon odgovarajućeg predretmana) i zaindustrijske potrebe (izuzev prehrambene industrije). Mjerenja kvaliteta vode koja je izvršila Agencija za vodno područje rijeke Save u periodu od 2009. do2011 godine na dvije mjerne stanice (jedne 5km uzvodno i druge 8km nizvodno Grada Zenice) su potvrdilada kvalitet vode rijeke Bosna odgovara klasi V. U različitim studijama je zaključeno da ispuštanje netretiranih otpadnih voda (iz domaćinstava iindustrijskih) sudjeluje u velikoj mjeri u zagađenosti rijeke Bosne sa povećanim koncentracijamazagađivača između uzvodne i nizvodne mjerne stanice.U ovom kontekstu je potrebno naglasiti, što je i za očekivati, da će se kvalitet vode rijeke Bosneuzvodno Grada Zenice možda poboljšati tokom idućih godina jer su uloženi napori da se smanjizagađivanje ispuštanjem općinskih i industrijskih otpadnih voda u rijeku Bosnu uzvodno od Zenice(naprimjer u Sarajevu, Visokom, Kaknju, itd.). Tretman gradskih i industrijskih otpadnih voda u Zenici bi stoga značajno doprinjeo ovomočekivanom ukupnom pozitivnom razvoju prevencije zagađenja vode rijeke Bosne [2,3,4]. 3. BUDUĆE STANJE ODVODNJE

OTPADNIH VODA U prethodnom poglavlju je jasno prikazana hitna potreba za unapređenje gradske kanalizacione infrastrukture kako bi se poštovali svi traženi pravni standardi za zaštitu rijeke Bosne.Trenutna hitna potreba će se dodatno uvećati u budućnosti jer će se uvećati i protok otpadnih vodakao i zagađenost općinskih otpadnih voda koje se ispuštaju u rijeku Bosnu iz slijedećih razloga: - povećanje broja stanovnika Grada Zenice

(posljedice demografskog razvoja i migracija) ipovezane institucionalne i komercijalne aktivnosti;

- proširenje područja pružanja kanalizacionih usluga JP „Vodovod iKanalizacija“ d.o.o.Zenica (priključivanje dodatnih naselja) kako bi se uvećala ukupna stopa pokrića cjelokupnog stanovništva Grada ZEnice; i

- povećanje stope priključenosti na kanalizacioni sistem (proširenjem sekundarne kanalizacione mreže i instalacijom novih priključaka).

b) Protection of the river Bosna In accordance with the "Regulation on the classification of waters and coastal waters located within the borders of B&H", the river Bosna in Zenica should be water quality class III, so it can then be used for irrigation (after proper pretreat-ment) and for industrial needs (except for the food industry). Measurements of water quality performed by the Agency for the Water Area of the Sava River in the period of 2009. By 2011, two measuring stations (one 5 km upstream and the other 8 km downstream of the City of Zenica) confirmed that the quality of the river Bosna corresponds to class V. In various studies, it was concluded that the discharge of untreated wastewater (from households and industrial) is largely involved in the conta-mination of the Bosna river with increased concen-trateons of pollutants between the upstream and downstream measuring stations. In this context, it is necessary to emphasize, which is also to be expected, that the quality of the water of the river Bosna upstream of the City of Zenica might be improved over the coming years because efforts have been made to reduce pollution by discharging municipal and industrial wastewater into the river Bosna upstream Zenica example in Sarajevo, Visoko, Kakanj, etc.). The treatment of urban and industrial wastewater in Zenica would therefore significantly contribute to this expected overall positive development of the prevention of the pollution of the water of the river Bosna. Figure 1 shows the general scheme of the collector of the City of Zenica [2,3,4]. 3. FUTURE STATE OF WASTE WATER The preceding chapter clearly shows the urgent need for the improvement of municipal sewage infrastructure in order to comply with all the required legal standards for the protection of the river Bosna. The current urgent need will be further increased in the future as the flow of wastewater as well as the pollution of municipal wastewaters discharged into the river Bosna will increase, for the following reasons: - Increase in the number of inhabitants of the City

of Zenica (consequences of demographic development and migration) and related institutional and commercial activities;

- Extension of the area of provision of sewerage services of JP "ViK" d.o.o. Zenica (connection of additional settlements) in order to increase the total coverage rate of the entire population of the City; and

- Increasing the connection rate to the sewage system (by expanding the secondary sewerage network and installing new connections).


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3.1.Glavne potrebe za razvoj kanalizacione infrastrukture Trenutno se sve sakupljene otpadne vode ispuštaju u rijeku Bosnu bez ikakvog predretmana i apsolutno najveća prioritetna potreba jeste transport sakupljenih općinskih otpadnih voda do utvrđene lokacije za novo postrojenje za tretman otpadnih voda kao i sama izgradnja tog postrojenja. Identificirane pojedinačne projektne mjere su sljedeće: Projektna mjera br.1 - Izgradnja novog cjelokupnog mehaničko-

biološkog postrojenja za tretman otpadnih voda kako bi se dostigle ranije navedene norme za ispuštanje otpadnih voda u skladu EU propisom91/271/EEC (radi ograničenog ukupnog budžeta nominalni kapacitet postrojenja se kreće od 70.000 EBS do 100.000 EBS za različite opcije);

Projektna mjera br.2 - Produženje glavnog lijevoobalnog

kolektora (dužina: 4,9 km, prečnik: 600 do 1.500 mm,materijal: GRP) koji će spojiti postojeći glavni lijevoobalni kolektor (stanovništvo slivnog područja: 30.000 do 35.000) sa budućom lokacijom postrojenja za tretman otpadnih voda;

Projektna mjera br.3 - Produženje desnoobalnog kolektora

(dužina: 2,3 km, prečnik: 300 do 900 mm, materijal: GRP) koji će spojiti postojeći desnoobalni kolektor (stanovništvo slivnog

3.1.Main needs for the development of sewerage infrastructure Currently, all collected wastewater is discharged into the river Bosna without any pretension, and absolutely the highest priority need is the transport of collected municipal wastewater to a designated location for a new wastewater treatment plant, as well as the construction of that plant itself.The identified individual project measures are as follows: Project Measure No.1 - Construction of a new complete mechanical

biological treatment plant for wastewater treatment in order to meet the abovementioned standards for waste water discharge in accordance with EU Directive 91/271 / EEC (due to the limited total budget, the nominal capacity of the plant ranges from 70,000 ENP to 100,000 ENP for different options );

Project Measure No.2 Extension of the main left-hand collector (length: 4.9 km, diameter: 600 to 1.500 mm, material: GRP) that will connect the existing main collector (population of the catchment area: 30.000 to 35.000) with the future location of the wastewater treatment plant; Project Measure No. 3

- Extension of the right-hand collector (length: 2.3 km, diameter: 300 to 900 mm,material: GRP) that will connect the existing right-hand collector

Slika 1.Opća šema -Postojeći kanalizacioni sistemi

Figure 1 General scheme - Current sewerage systems


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područja:30.000 do 35.000) sabudućom lokacijom postrojenja za tretman otpadnih voda; Projektna mjera br.4 - Izgradnja novog kolektora (ukupna dužina:

1,4 km, prečnik: 300 do 500 mm, materijal: GRP)kako bi se spojila postojeća kanalizaciona mreža gradskog naselja Blatuša (broj stanovnika: 6.700) na produženi glavni lijevoobalni kolektor odnosno do predviđene lokacije za postrojenje za tretman otpadnih voda;

Projektna mjera br. 5 - Izgradnja novog kolektora „Drivuša/Bojin

Vir“ (dužina: 8,9 km, prečnik: 300 do 400 mm,materijal: GRP) kako bi se spojila južna gradska naselja Drivuša i Bojin Vir (ukupni broj dodatnih stanovnika: 3.270) gdje se trenutno neposredno optadne vode ispuštaju u rijeku Bosnu sa postojećim lijevoobalnim kolektorom odnosno do planiranog postrojenja za tretman otpadnih voda;

Projektna mjera br.6 - Djelimična rehabilitacija/zamjena

određenih dijelova postojećih glavnih kolektora (lijevoobalni i desnoobalni) kako bi se smanjile očekivane stope eksfiltracije otpadnih voda izkolektora izgrađenih od zastarjelog betona i/ili azbestnog cementa. Očekivane dužinedijelova kolektora koje će se rahabilitirati/zamjeniti: cca 2 do 2,5 km, prečnik: 700 do 1.000mm;

Projektna mjera br.7 - Implementacija procesa isušivanja mulja na

novom postrojenju za tretman otpadnih voda kako bi se osigurale smanjene količine mulja za odlaganje na regionalnoj deponiji Moščanica ili za spaljivanje u tvornici cementa u Kaknju. S obzirom da solarno isušivanje mulja zahtjeva veću površinu koja nije dostupna na lokaciji postrojenja, isušivanje mulja će se vršiti putem rotacione peći, međutim (u najmanju ruku) će se djelimično iskorištavati biogas proizveden u digestorima mulja. U kasnijoj fazi višak toplotne energije sa procesa spaljivanja mulja na lokacija postrojenja za tretman otpadnihvoda će se moći iskoristiti za potrebe isušivanja mulja.

Izgradnja postrojenja za tretman otpadnih voda kapaciteta 80.000 EBS se smatra dovoljnim za potrebe kratkoročnog perioda do cca 2025 godine, uz mogućnost proširenja kapaciteta zavisno od potreba i širenja kanalizacione mreže [1,2,3,4].

(population of the catchment area: 15,000 to 20,000) with extended left-bank collector (via river crossing with pipelines) planned sites of wastewater treatment plants; Project Measure No.4 - Construction of a new collector (total length:

1.4 km, diameter: 300-500 mm, material: GRP) to connect the existing sewage network of the town settlement Blatuša (population: 6.700) to the extended main collector, or to the planned location for the plant for the treatment of wastewater;

Project Measure No.5 - Construction of the new collector "Drivuša

/ Bojin Vir" (length: 8,9 km, diameter: 300-400 mm, material: GRP) to connect the southern city settlements Drivuša and Bojin Vir (total number of additional inhabitants: 3,270) directly discharged water into the river Bosna with an existing left-leachate collector or to the planned wastewater treatment plant:

Project Measure No.6 - Partial rehabilitation / replacement of

certain parts of existing main collectors (left and right) in order to reduce the expected rates of wastewater exfiltration from collectors built of obsolete concrete and / or asbestos cement. Expected length of collector parts to be rehabilitated / replaced: approx. 2 to 2.5 km, diameter: 700 to 1,000 mm;

Project Measure No.7 - Implementation of the sludge dewatering

process at the new wastewater treatment plant to ensure reduced quantities of sludge for disposal at the regional landfill Moščanica or for incineration at the cement factory in Kakanj.Since solar sludge dehumidification requires a larger area that is not available at the plant site, sludge drying will be done through a rotary kiln, however (at least) partly the biogas produced in sludge digesters. At a later stage the surplus heat from the sludge burningat the location of the wastewater treatment plant will be used for the sludge drying.

The construction of a wastewater treatment plant of 80,000 ENP is considered sufficient for the needs of the short term up to about 2025, with the possibility of expanding the capacity depending on the needs and expansion of the sewerage network [1,2,3,4].


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4. POSTROJENJE ZA TRETMAN OTPADNIH VODA

Postrojenje za tretman otpadnih voda će biti realizovano na osnovu postojećeg Idejnog projekta, u skladu sa EU propisom91/271/EEC,na području Babinog Polja, namjestu Banlozi u Gradu Zenica; predviđena površina se pruža longitudinalnodužinom lijeve obale rijeke Bosne, i ograničena je koritom koje je usjekla ista rijeka,željeznicom i glavnom cestom. Zemljište je državno vlasništvo i njegova nadmorska visina pruža dovoljno zaštite od poplava. U naknadnim fazama projekta treba prikupiti podatke o hidrološkim režimima rijeke Bosne i procijeniti potrebu realizovanja radova za zaštitu ili učvršćivanje obale. Postrojenje će tretirati isključivo otpadne vode koje potiču iz gradskih kanalizacija grada Zenice, a u postrojenje neće biti usmjerene otpadne vode koje potiču iz ArcelorMittal-ai RMU Zenica, čiji sistem tretiranja i prečišćavanja otpadnih voda neće biti predmet ovog projekta. Ovaj Idejni projekat je zasnovan na nizu procedura prečišćavanja otpadnih voda koji je artikulisan kroz sljedeće linije: Linija vode - grubo odvajanje čvrstih tvari na rešetkama

(Grubo rešetanje); - inicijalno uzdizanje; - fino odvajanje čvrstih tvari na rešetkama

(Prosijavanje); - odstranjivanje pijeska/masti i ulja; - primarno taloženje; - biološko prečišćavanje pomoću nitrifikacije-

denitrifikacije; - sekundarno taloženje; i - dezinfekcija Linija mulja - pred-tretman zgušnjavanja mulja; - anaerobno digestor I stadij; - anaerobni digestor II stadija; - plinomjer; - gorionik biogasa; - post-tretman zgušnjavanja mulja; i - mehanička dehidratacija. Radovi predviđeni ovim Idejnim rješenjem odnose se posebno na: - Izgradnju novog objekta za uređaje za

grubo rešetanje i inicijalno uzdizanje otpadnih voda. U zgradi se nalaze grube rešetke sapogonom pomoću ulja pod pritiskom, jedan akumulacioni bazen i stanica za inicijalno uzdizanje otpadnih voda uz pomoć zaštićenih pumpi postavljenih u suhoj komori.

Na slici 2 je idejni situacioni prikaz budučeg postrojenja za tretman otpadnih voda.

4. WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT

The wastewater treatment plant will be implemented on the basis of the existing Conceptual design, in accordance with EU Directive 91/271/EEC, in the area of Babin Polje, at Banlozi in the City of Zenica; the foreseen surface is longitudinally long along the left bank of the Bosna river, and is limited by the riverbed cut by the same river, railroad and main road. The land is state owned and its altitude provides sufficient protection against floods. In the subsequent phases of the project, data on the hydrological regimes of the Bosna River should be collected and the need to realize works for the protection or strengthening of the coast. The plant will treat only wastewater from the city sewage system of the city of Zenica, and the plant will not be directed waste water from ArcelorMittal and RMU Zenica, whose system of treatment and treatment of wastewaters will not be the subject of this project. This Conceptual design is based on a series of wastewater treatment procedures that is articulated through the following lines: Line of water - Rough separation of solids on the grids

(Roughing); - Initial elevation; - Fine separation of solids on the grids

(Sifting); - Removing sand/grease and oil; - Primary deposition; - Biological purification by nitrification-

denitrification; - Secondary deposition; and - Disinfection Sludge line - Pre-treatment of sludge thickening; - Anaerobic digester I stage; - Anaerobic digester II stage; - Gas meter; - Biogas burner; - Post-treatment of sludge thickening; and - Mechanical dehydration. The works envisaged in this Conceptual solution relate specifically to: - Construction of a new facility for coarse

grinding and initial lifting of waste water.In the building there are coarse grilles with pressure-driven oil, an accumulation basin and a station for initially increasing the wastewater with the help of protected pumps placed in a dry chamber.

Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram of a future waste water treatment plant.


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Slika 2.Situacioni prikaz Idejnog rješenja postrojenja za tretman otpadnih voda

Figure 2. Situational display of Conceptual design for the plant of waste water treatment - Izgradnju objekta od armiranog betona za

odstranjivanje pijeska/ulja poslijekojeg slijedi stanica za fino rešetanje sa pužnim filterima instaliranim u kanalimaod armiranog betona;

- Izgradnju 2 kružna bazena za primarno taloženje, od armiranog betona;

- Realizovanje biološkog odjeljenja koje se sastoji od dvije linije za paralelno tretiranje;

- Jedan bazen za finalnu dezinfekciju kompletiran sa stanicom za skladištenje i doziranje hipohlorita;

- Izgradnju 1 + 1 stanice za pred i post-tretman zgušnjavanja muljeva u kružnim bazenima od armiranog betona;

- Izgradnju 2 bazena za anaerobno vrenje istih zapremina, opremljena za funkcionisanje kao primarni i sekundarni digestori. Stanica je kompletirana bazenom za prikupljanje biogasa (plinomjer) kao i gorionikom za sagorjevanje viška biogasa iz procesa;

- Tehničku zgradu u kojoj se nalazi toplana za anaerobno vrenje i stanica za mehaničku dehidrataciju mulja;

- Izgradnju prostorija za smještaj pumpi za recirkulaciju aerisane smjese, zarecirkulaciju mulja i mlaznica; i

- Novu zgradu za urede i trafo stanice. 5. ZAKLJUČAK Cilj projekta je sakupljanje, transport i tretman gradskih otpadnih voda Grada Zenice na ekološki i higijenski prihvatljiv način. To predstavlja značajan doprinos zaštiti okoliša, naročito rijeke Bosne i unapređenje životnih uslova kako stanovnika Zenice, tako i stanovništva nizvodno od grada. Za realizaciju projekta tretmana otpadnih voda Grada Zenice zainteresovale su se vlade Njemačke i Švicarske zašto su spremne dati bespovratna novčana sredstava [4].

- The construction of a reinforced concrete building for the removal of sand /oil from the afternoon follows a fine finishing station with worm filters installed in reinforced concrete channels;

- Construction of 2 circular basins for primary deposition, of reinforced concrete;

- Realizing a biological department consisting of two lines for parallel treatment;

- One final disinfection pool complete with a hypochlorite storage and dispensing station;

- Construction of 1 + 1 station for pre-and post-treatment of sludge thickening in circular pools of reinforced concrete;

- Construction of 2 basins for anaerobic fermentation of the same volumes, equipped for functioning as primary and secondary digesters. The station is completed with a biogas collector (gas meter) and aburner for burning excess biogas from the process;

- Technical building in which the anaerobic fermentation plant and the mechanical dehydration sludge station;

- Construction of rooms for the location of pumps for the recirculation of airborne mixtures, for the recirculation of sludge and nozzles; and

- A new building for offices and substations.

5. CONCLUSION The goal of the project is to collect, transport and treat urban waste water of the City of Zenica in an environmentally and hygienically acceptable manner.It represents a significant contribution to the protection of the environment, in particular the river of Bosniaand the improvement of the living conditions both the inhabitans of Zenica and the population downstream of the city.For the implementation of the wastewater treatment project, the City of Zenica was interested in the governments of Germany and Switzerland why they are ready to grant non-refundable funds [4].


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U tu svrhu potpisano je nekoliko sporazumnih dokumenata. Rizik za dostizanje željenog cilja projekta je trenutni nedovoljni tretman industrijskih otpadnih voda, što je uslov za dobijanje navedenih sredstava. Nakon pregovora sa industrijskim preduzećima, odvajanje idustrijskih otpadnih voda i njihov zaseban tretman je regulasan posebnim dokumentom "Obavezivanje i akcioni plan", kojim su definisne obaveze i rokovi za sve zainteresovane strane [5]. 6. REFERENCES - LITERATURA [1] Idejni projekat, Progetto preliminare

impianto di depurazione acque reflue di Zenica, Smat gruppo, Italy, 2009.

[2] Glavni projekat nastavka izgradnje fekalnih kolektora Grada Zenice, IPSA InstitutSarajevo, 2012.

[3] Glavni projekat fekalnog kolektora na području Bojin vir - Raspotočje- Drivuša, Institut za Hidrotehniku Građevinskog fakulteta u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 2013.

[4] Wittland, K., Sarlamanov R.: Technical expert mission for project preparation, German financial cooperation KfW Bankegruppe, Frankfurt/Main oktobar 2016.

[5] Obavezivanje i akcioni plan, Federalno ministarstvo okoliša i turizma & Federalno ministarstvo poljoprivrede, vodoprivrede i šumarstva & Federalna uprava za inspekcijske poslove & Agencija za vodno područje rijeke Save & Grad Zenica, mart 2017.

Coresponding author: Haris Mešić JP "Vodovod i kanalizacija" d.o.o Zenica Email: [email protected] Phone: +387 62 980 156

The risk of achieving the desired goal of the project is the current inadequate treatment of industrial waste waters, which is a condition for obtaining the said funds. After negotiations for industrial enterprises, the separation of industrial wastewaters and their separate treatment is regulated by a special document "Commitment and Action Plan", which defines the obligations and deadlines for all interested parties [5].

Mašinstvo 3 (15), 180 – 181, (2018) INFORMATION

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Održan 21. Međunarodni naučno-stručni skup TMT 2018 U periodu od 18. do 22.09.2018. godine, u hotelu Termal poznatog svjetskog banjskog liječilišta Karlovy Vary na sjeverozapadu Češke, koje je udaljeno od Praga cca 130 km, održan je tradicionalni dvadeset prvi (21) međunarodni skup ”Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated Technology” TMT 2018.

Konferencija se tradicionalno održava u organizaciji Mašinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici, Universidad Politecnica de Catalynia Barcelona i University of Bahcesehir, Istanbul. Na konferenciji je, pored učesnika iz BiH učestvovalo preko 60

učesnika iz 14 zemalja svijeta uključujući Njemačku, Španiju, Latviju, Meksiko, Tunis, Hrvatsku, Srbiju, Crna Goru, Albaniju, Rumuniju, Poljsku i Kosovo, a uz domaćine konferencije prednjačili su učesnici iz Slovenije i Turske. Nakon svečanih riječi na otvorenju konferencije upriličenih od strane predsjednika Organizacijskog komiteta prof.dr.sc. Sabahudina Ekinovića, te zamjenika prof.dr.sc. Ali Gungur-a i prof.dr.sc. Irene Buj Corral, uslijedilo je dvodnevno izlaganje radova kroz rad u nekoliko tematskih sekcija uključujući proizvodne tehnologije i materijale, dizajn i konstrukcije, industrijski inženjering, primjenjene tehnologije i softversko inženjerstvo, energija, ekologija i ostale inženjerske oblasti. Za konferenciju je štampan Zbornik sa 86 prijavljenih radova, dok je tokom same konferencije izloženo 48 radova. Dio atmosfere sa 21. TMT 2018. konferencije predstavljen je na narednim fotografijama.

Mašinstvo 3 (15), 180 – 181, (2018) INFORMATION

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Table 1. Table titles (Style: Times New Roman, 11pt, Normal)

Engineering stress σe / MPa

Engineeringplastic strain εe,pl / %

True stress σt / MPa

True plastic strain εt,pl / %

250,0 0,00 250,8 0,00 250,0 0,21 250,8 0,21 285,7 1,35 290,0 1,34 322,7 2,13 330,1 2,10 358,4 3,06 370,0 3,00 393,1 4,35 411,0 4,24 423,6 6,05 450,1 5,85 449,7 8,76 490,1 8,36 457,0 15,79 530,1 14,59 467,9 21,58 570,0 19,45 475,0 29,77 617,5 25,94

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XX. REFERENCES (Style: Times New Roman, 11pt, Normal) [1] P.E. Nikravesh, Computer-Aided Analysis

of Mechanical Systems, Prantice Hall Inc.,Englewood Cliff,NJ,1988.

[2] Gordon Robertson, Graham Caldwell, Joseph Hamill, Gary Kamen, Saunders Whittlesey: Research Methods in Biomechanics, Human Kinetics; 2nd edition, 2014.

[3] Imai, M.: KAIZEN: the key to Japan’s competitive success, Editorial CECSA, Mexico. In Spanish, 1996.

[4] Nemoto, M.: Total quality control for management. Strategies and techniques from Toyota and Toyoda Gosei, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1987.

[5] Cheser, R.: The effect of Japanese KAIZEN on employee motivation in US manufacturing, Int J Org Anal 6(3):197–217, 1998.

[6] Aoki, K.: Transferring Japanese KAIZEN activities to overseas plants in China, Int J Oper Prod Manag 28(6):518–539, 2008.

[7] Tanner, C.; Roncarti, J.: KAIZEN leads to breakthroughs in responsiveness and the Shingo prize at Critikon, Natl Prod Rev 13(4):517–531, 1994.

[8] Rink, J.: Lean can save American manufacturing. Reliable plant. http://www.reliableplant.com/Read/330/lean-manufacturing-save. Accessed at 14 April 2014.

[9] SolidWorks, http://www.solidworks.com (12.5.2015)

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Godina (Volume) 15, Broj (Number) 3, Juli - Septembar