Upload
nguyen-van-tuong
View
226
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
1/64
CAC THUAT NG TRONGTHEO DOI, ANH GIA VA
QUAN LY DA TREN KET QUA
GLOSSARY OF TERMS IN
MONITORING, EVALUATION ANDRESULTS BASED MANAGEMENT
Ha Noi, 2008
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
2/64
UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is an international
development agency that promotes the right of every woman, man and
child to enjoy a life of health and equal opportunity. UNFPA supports
countries in using population data for policies and programmes to reduce
poverty and to ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe,every young person is free of HIV/AIDS, and every girl and woman is
treated with dignity and respect.
UNFPA, Qu dn s Lin hp quc, mt t chc pht trin quc t, anghot ng nhm thc y quyn cho mi ph n, nam gii v tr emu c c mt cuc sng di do sc khe v c chi bnh ng.UNFPA ang h trcc nc trong vic s dng s liu dn s xydng chnh sch v chng trnh nhm xo i gim ngho v m borng mi ph nu c thai theo mun, tr em u c sinh ra anton, thanh thiu nin u khng mc phi HIV/AIDS, tr em gi cngnh ph nu c i x bnh ng v tn trng
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
3/64
3
Li ni u
Ngy cng c thm cc thut ng trong lnh vc qun l, thc hin, theo di,nh gi chng trnh, d n. Trong mt s trng hp, cc thut ng ny chl din gii li. Mt s trng hp khc th a ra cc khi nim chuyn mnhon ton mi. Mt s thut ng tuy tng c s dng ph bin trong ngnng hng ngy song vn cn tng i kh hiu. Mt s khc c s dngrng ri bng ting quc ng hoc bng ting Anh nguyn bn nhng cngcha c hiu ng ngha. Nhiu thut ng mc d trthnh quen thucnhng kh c th dch ra mi th ting.
Mc ch ca vic ra i cun thut ng ny l gip cc ng nghip gim btcc kh khn trong phin gii ng, ngha. Cun thut ng cng s gp phnnng cao cht lng o to, thc hin, theo di, nh gi v qun l chngtrnh do UNFPA ti tr.
gp phn phin gii chnh xc v c cng chung cch hiu v cc thut ngquc t, Vn phng UNFPA la chn v dch sang ting Vit mt s thutng chnh (ca UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF, UNDG, OECD/DAC, WB v mt
s t chc khc) c cc cn b qun l chng trnh d n v cc chuyngia theo di, nh gi s dng. Cc thut ngc trnh by song ng Anh-Vit, theo trnh t ch ci ca t/thut ng ting Anh.
Xin c gi lu do l cc t, thut ng k thut nn khng trnh khi vicphin gii cha chn vn ng hon ton ng ngha trong ting Vit. V vy vnmong nhn c sng gp kin ca c gi gip chng ti nng caocht lng ln ti bn tip theo.
Ian Howie
Trng i din
Qu Dn s Lin hp quc ti Vit Nam
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
4/64
4
Foreword
Not surprisingly, as thinking on development has advanced in the light of ex-perience, new terms dealing with programme delivery, project
management, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) have emerged. In some
cases these may be re-interpretations. In others, they represent new technical
concepts. Certain terms once widely used in everyday vocabulary also pass
into obscurity. Others can be widely used today in a national language, in their
original English form, and never properly understood. Still more, even though
in popular use, remain difficult to apply in whatever language.
It is the purpose of this glossary to assist colleagues overcome difficulties ininterpretation and meaning. It is also anticipated that publication will enhance
the quality of training, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and
management of the UNFPA-funded programme.
In order to facilitate an accurate interpretation and a common understanding of,
relevant international terms in Vietnamese, the UNFPA Country Office selected
and translated key terms (i.e. those used by UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF, UNDG,
OECD/DAC, WB and others) into Vietnamese for use by programme/ projectmanagers and monitoring and evaluation specialists. All the terms
included are presented bilingually and ordered alphabetically by English.
Readers should note that due to the complexity of the technical language used,
some interpretations into Vietnamese may not attain the highest possible
accuracy. Where this happens, the UNFPA Country Office would welcome
receiving comments from the users of this glossary. Such inputs will help us
improve the next edition.
Ian Howie
Representative
United Nations Population Fund in Viet Nam
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
5/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
5
A
Accountability
Responsibility and answerability forthe use of resources, decisions
and/or the results of the discharge
of authority and official duties,
including duties delegated to a
subordinate unit or individual. In
regard to programme managers, the
responsibility to provide evidence to
stakeholders that a programme iseffective and in conformity with
planned results, legal and fiscal
requirements. In organizations that
promote learning, accountability
may also be measured by the extent
to which managers use monitoring
and evaluation findings.
Trch nhim gii trnh
Chu trch nhim v gii trnh cvic s dng cc ngun lc, ccquyt nh v/hoc cc kt qu cacquan c thm quyn, cc nhimv chnh thc v k c cc nhim vc giao cho cc c nhn hoc nv di quyn. i vi cc cn bqun l chng trnh, iu ny th
hin trch nhim cung cp ccbng chng cho cc i tc chng tchng trnh c hiu qu, ph hpvi cc kt qu dnh v vi ccyu cu v php l v ti chnh.Trong cc t chc khuyn khch oto hc hi, trch nhim gii trnh cth c nh gi thng qua cch
thc cc nh qun l s dng cc ktqu theo di v nh gi.
Achievement
A manifested performance deter-
mined by some type of assessment.
Thnh quKt qu thc hin c xc nhthng qua mt hnh thc nh gino .
Activity
Actions taken or work performed
through which inputs such as funds,
technical assistance and other types
of resources are mobilized to
produce specific outputs.
Hot ngCc hnh ng hoc cc cng vicc thc hin nh huy ng ccu vo nh kinh ph, h trk thutv cc loi ngun lc khc nhmmang li cc u ra c th.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
6/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
6
Additional output
Output that was implemented in
addition to those initially
programmed in the programmebudget. They are of two types:
- added by legislation - Outputs
added by a legislative decision
taken after the biennial budget was
approved;
- refers to outputs that have been in-
troduced additionally byprogramme managers by using
the resources released from
postponements and/or termi-
nations or as the response to
request received and funded
through extra budgetary means to
enhance the attainment of
the objectives and expectedaccomplishments of the subpro-
gramme.
u ra b sungu ra c thc hin thm so vik hoch ban u trong ngn schchng trnh. C hai loi u ra bsung:
- b sung do cp c thm quyn:Nhng u ra c b sung bngmt quyt nh php l sau khingn sch c thng qua;
- u ra c cn b qun l chng
trnh b sung, s dng nhngngun lc sn c do tr honv/hoc kt thc cc hot ngkhc hoc cc u ra khc cthm kinh ph, nhm thc y vict c cc mc tiu v thnh qumong i ca tiu chng trnh.
Advocacy
Pleading for, speaking on behalf of
or recommending something or
someone. UNDPs advocacy role isone of promoting the human
development agenda at the global,
regional and national level through
issues as diverse as debt relief,
gender equality, poverty eradication,
climate change and good gover-
nance. Part of soft assistance.
Tuyn truyn vn ngHot ng ku gi hoc khuyn nghv mt vn g hoc mt ai .
Vai tr tuyn truyn vn ng caUNDP l gp phn thc y din npht trin con ngi tm quc gia,khu vc v ton cu thng qua hnglot cc vn nh gim n, bnhng gii, xa i gim ngho, thayi kh hu v qun tr nh nc tt.Tuyn truyn vn ng l mt phn
ca h trmm.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
7/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
7
Analysis
The process of systematically
applying statistical techniques and
logic to interpret, compare,categorize, and summarize data
collected in order to draw
conclusions.
Phn tch
Qu trnh p dng mt cch c hthng cc k thut thng k v lplun theo trnh t din gii, sosnh, phn loi v tm tt cc d liu thu thp c nhm rt ra cc ktlun.
Analytical method
A means to process, understand and
interpret data.
Phng php phn tchCch x l, hiu v phin gii s
liu/d liu.
Analytical tools
Methods used to process and
interpret information during an
evaluation.
Cng c phn tchCc phng php c s dng x l v phin gii thng tin trongmt cuc nh gi.
Applied researchA type of research conducted on the
basis of the assumption that human
and societal problems can be solved
with knowledge. Insights gained
through the study of gender relations
for example, can be used to develop
effective strategies with which to
overcome, socio-cultural barriers
to gender equality and equity.
Incorporating the findings of
applied research into programme
design therefore can strengthen
interventions to bring about the
desired change.
Nghin cu ng dngLoi nghin cu da trn csmtginh l cc vn ca con ngiv x hi c thc gii quyt bngkin thc. Nhng hiu bit thu othu c qua nghin cu, v d nhv quan h gii, c thc s dng xy dng cc chin lc c hiuqu nhm vt qua cc ro cn vnho x hi i vi bnh ng gii.Tp hp cc kt qu ca nghin cung dng vo trong thit k chngtrnh lm tng cng hiu qu canthip, mang li thay i mong mun.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
8/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
8
Appraisal
An assessment, prior to commitment
of support, of the relevance, value,
feasibility, and potential acceptabi-lity of a programme in accordance
with established criteria.
Thm nhMt nh gi (trc khi cam kt htr) v tnh ph hp, tnh gi tr, tnhkh thi v kh nng c chp nhnca mt chng trnh theo ng vicc tiu chun t ra.
Assumptions
Hypotheses about conditions that are
necessary to ensure that: (1) planned
activities will produce expected
results; (2) the cause effect rela-
tionship between the different levels
of programme results will occur as
expected. Achieving results depends
on whether or not the assumptions
made prove to be true. Incorrect
assumptions at any stage of the
results chain can become an obstacle
to achieving the expected results.
GinhNhng gi thuyt v cc iu kincn thit m bo rng: (1) cchot ng theo k hoch st ccc kt qu mong i; (2) quan hnhn-qu gia cc mc kt qukhc nhau ca chng trnh s xyra nh mong i. Vic t c cckt qu s ph thuc vo cc ginhc c chng minh l ng haykhng. Cc ginh khng ng
bt k giai on no ca chui ktqu cng c th l trngi cho vict c kt qu mong i.
Attribution
Causal link of one event with
another. The extent to which
observed effects can be ascribed to aspecific intervention.
Quy ktKt ni nguyn nhn ca mt s kinny vi mt s kin khc. Mc tc ng c thc qui cho mtcan thip c th.
Auditing
An independent, objective, system-
atic process that assesses the ade-
quacy of the internal controls of an
organization, the effectiveness of its
Kim ton/ Kim chngMt qu trnh c lp, khch quanmang tnh h thng, nh gi y vic kim sot ni b ca mt tchc, hiu qu ca qu trnh qun l
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
9/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
9
risk management and governance
processes, in order to improve its
efficiency and overall performance.
It verifies compliance withestablished rules, regulations,
policies and procedures and
validates the accuracy of financial
reports.
ri ro nhm ci thin hiu sut vthc hin cng vic. Kim ton xcminh s tun th cc quy tc, quy
nh, chnh sch v th tc ra,cng nh xc nh tnh chnh xc cacc bo co ti chnh.
B
Baseline information
Facts about the condition or
performance of subjects prior totreatment or intervention.
Thng tin ban uCc thng tin/d kin thc t v tnh
trng hoc hot ng ca cc itng trc can thip.
Authority
The power to decide, certify or
approve.
Thm quynQuyn quyt nh, xc nhn hoc
ph chun.
Benchmark
Reference point or standard against
which progress or achievements can
be assessed. A benchmark refers to
the performance that has been
achieved in the recent past by other
comparable organizations, or what
can be reasonably inferred to
have been achieved in similar
circumstances.
i chunim tham chiu hay chun mcda vo c thnh gi tin v thnh tu t c. i chunda vo thnh tch t c cacc t chc khc (c them ra sosnh) trong thi gian gn y, hocda vo nhng g m theo suy lunhp l l t c trong cc iukin tng t.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
10/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
10
Beneficiaries
Individuals, groups or entities whose
situation is supposed to improve (the
target group), and others whosesituation may improve as a result of
the development intervention.
i tng hng liCc c nhn, nhm ngi hay cc cquan nhn c cc li ch hay cithin tnh hnh ca mnh nh cchot ng can thip.
Best practices
Planning, organization, managerial
and/or operational practices that
have proven successful in particularcircumstances and which can
have both specific and/ universal
applicability. Best practices are used
to demonstrate what works most
effectively and to accumulate and
apply knowledge about how and
why they work in different situations
and contexts.
Thc hnh tt nhtCc thc hnh lp k hoch, t chc,qun l v/hoc tc nghip c
chng minh l thnh cng tronghon cnh nht nh v c th pdng ring hoc p dng chung.Thc hnh tt nht c s dng chng minh hot ng no c hiuqu nht, tp hp v ng dngkin thc v vic hot ng tintrin nh th no v ti sao li tin
trin trong cc tnh hung v honcnh khc nhau.
Bias
Refers to statistical bias. Inaccurate
representation that produces
systematic error in a research
finding. Bias may result inoverestimating or underestimating
certain characteristics of the
population. It may result from
incomplete information or invalid
data collection methods and may be
intentional or unintentional.
Sai sSai s lin quan n thng k. Ktqu nghin cu khng ng do sai sh thng. Sai s c th dn n vic
c lng thp hoc c lng caonhng c trng nht nh ca qunth. Sai s c th xy ra do thng tinthu thp cha y hay phng
php thu thp s liu sai c chnhhoc khng c chnh.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
11/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
11
C
Capacity
The knowledge, organization andresources needed to perform a
function.
Nng lc
Kin thc, cch t chc v ccngun lc cn thc hin mt chcnng no .
Capacity development
A process that encompasses the
building of technical abilities,
behaviours, relationships and valuesthat enable individuals, groups,
organizations and societies to
enhance their performance and
to achieve their development
objectives over time. It progresses
through several different stages of
development so that the types of
interventions required to developcapacity at different stages vary. It
includes strengthening the processes,
systems and rules that shape
collective and individual behaviours
and performance in all development
endeavours as well as people's
ability and willingness to play new
developmental roles and to adapt tonew demands and situations.
Capacity development is also
referred to as capacity building or
strengthening.
Pht trin nng lcMt qu trnh bao gm xy dng khnng k thut, hnh vi, mi quan h
v cc gi tr khuyn khch cc cnhn, tp th, cc t chc, v onth tng cng thc hin cng vicnhm t c cc mc tiu phttrin theo thi gian. Qu trnh nytri qua mt s giai on pht trindo loi hnh can thip cn chovic nng cao nng lc cc giai
on khc nhau cng rt khc nhau.N bao gm vic cng c cc qutrnh, h thng v lut l nhm tonn hnh vi v thc hnh ca cnhn v tp th, trong phm vi khnng v mong mun ca con ngic ng vai tr mi v thch nghivi yu cu v hon cnh mi. Pht
trin nng lc cng c gi l xydng v nng cao nng lc.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
12/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
12
Case study
The examination of the characte-
ristics of a single case (such as an
individual, an event, a programme orsome other discrete entity). A sample
of multiple cases can also be
examined to look for commonalities
and to identify patterns. Case studies
are often used to gather qualitative
information in support of findings
obtained through quantitative
methods.
Nghin cu tnh hungXem xt cc c im ca mttrng hp (mt c nhn, s kin,chng trnh hoc mt c quan cth). Mt mu nghin cu gmnhiu trng hp cng c thcnghin cu tm ra nhng imchung v xc nh m hnh. Nghincu tnh hung c s dng thuthp thng tin nh tnh gii thch cckt qu ca cc nghin cu nhlng.
Causal relationship
A logical connection or cause-effect
linkage ascribed to the relationship
between accomplishments/results
and efforts to achieve them orbetween final results and their
impact on the target beneficiaries.
Mi quan h nhn quMi lin kt logic hoc lin ktnguyn nhn kt quc quy chomi lin h gia kt qu v nhng n
lc t c, hoc gia kt qucui cng v tc ng ca chng ivi i tng hng li.
Causality analysis
A type of analysis used in
programme formulation to identify
the root causes of development
challenges. Development problems
often derive from the same root
causes. The analysis organizes the
main data, trends and findings into
relationships of cause and effect. It
identifies root causes and their link-
ages as well as the differentiated im-
pact of the selected development
Phn tch nguyn nhn
Mt kiu phn tch s dng trongqu trnh xy dng chng trnh xc nh nguyn nhn gc r ca ccthch thc. Cc vn thng xut
pht t mt hay nhiu nguyn nhngc r ging nhau. Phn tch nguynnhn a ra cc d liu chnh, cc xuhng v pht hin v quan h nhn- qu. Phn tch ny xc nh ccnguyn nhn gc r, mi lin h gia
chng v cc tc ng khc nhau ca
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
13/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
13
challenges. Generally, for reproduc-
tive health and population problems,
a range of causes can be identified
that are interrelated. A causalityframework or causality tree
analysis (sometimes referred to as
problem tree) can be used as a tool
to cluster contributing causes and
examine the linkages among them
and their various determinants.
cc thch thc. Nhn chung, i vivn sc khe sinh sn v dn s,hng lot cc nguyn nhn c lin h
tng h. Mt khung nguyn nhnhay phn tch cy nguyn nhn (cngi l cy vn ) c thc sdng lm cng c phn nhm ccnguyn nhn v kim nh cc milin h gia chng v cc yu tnhhng.
Chain of results
The causal sequence in the planning
of a development intervention that
stipulates the possible pathways for
achieving desired results beginning
with the activities through which
inputs are mobilized to produce
specific outputs, and culminating inoutcomes, impacts and feedback.
The chain of results articulates a
particular programme theory.
Chui cc kt quChui nguyn nhn trong lp khoch h trcan thip s quy nhcc ng hng c tht ckt qu mong mun, bt u bngcc hot ng, thng qua cc uvo c huy ng to ra cc u
ra c th v ri n cc kt qu, tcng v phn hi. Chui kt qukhp ni vi nhau thnh mt lthuyt chng trnh c th
Client satisfaction
The satisfaction of a programmes
clients, defined as the organizationsor individuals who are affected by
that programme, often measured in
terms of meeting their needs or
expectations.
Shi lng ca khch hngS hi lng ca khch hng ca mt
chng trnh (chnh l i tng cnhn hoc t chc chu tc ng cachng trnh) thng c o bngmc tha mn nhu cu hocmong mun ca h.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
14/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
14
Conclusion
A reasoned judgement based on a
synthesis of empirical findings or
factual statements corresponding toa specific circumstance.
Kt lunNhn nh hp l da trn s tnghp cc pht hin chnh hay ccnhn xt thc t lin quan n mthon cnh c th.
Condition
The situation that exists, and that the
evaluator seeks to describe and
explain. Condition can describe how
well a programme is operating or theproblem it is facing.
iu kinHin trng m ngi nh gi cn
phi m t v gii thch. iu kinc th m t chng trnh ang c
trin khai mc nh th nohoc vn m chng trnh anggp phi.
Contribution
The link between the activities
carried out by various organizational
units to arrive at final products orservices delivered to end-users to
accomplish a desired result.
ng gpMi lin h gia cc hot ng cthc hin bi nhiu n v khc nhau
t c cc kt qu hoc dch vcui cng nhm cung cp cho ngis dng t c kt qu mongi.
Control group
A selected subgroup of beneficiaries
who do not receive the same
treatment, input or training, but share
characteristics similar to the target
group. Thus, differences between the
control group and the target group
can be measured and evaluated.
Nhm i chngMt nhm nhng ngi hng lic chn la, nhm ny c nhngc im tng t nh nhm chnhng khng bnh hng bi cch trcan thip (khng c hngli t can thip v d nho tochng hn). V vy, s khc bit gianhm chng v nhm ch c thc o lng v nh gi ( so
snh).
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
15/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
15
Cost-benefit analysis
A type of analysis that compares the
costs and benefits of programmes.
Benefits are translated into monetaryterms. In the case of an HIV
infection averted, for instance, one
would add up all the costs that could
be avoided such as medical
treatment costs, lost income, funeral
costs, etc. The cost-benefit ratio of a
programme is then calculated by
dividing those total benefits (in
monetary terms) by the total
programme cost (in monetary
terms). If the benefits as expressed
in monetary terms are greater than
the money spent on the programme,
then the programme is considered to
be of absolute benefit. Cost-benefit
analysis can be used to compare
interventions that have different
outcomes (family planning and
malaria control programmes, for
example). Comparisons are also
possible across sectors. It is, for
instance, possible to compare the
cost-benefit ratio of an HIV
prevention programme with that of a
programme investing in girls
education. However, the valuation of
health and social benefits in
monetary terms can sometimes be
problematic (assigning a value to
human life, for example)
Phn tch chi ph - li chMt phn tch so snh chi ph v lich ca chng trnh. Li ch cqui i thnh tin. V d, trongtrng hp ngn nga c mt caly nhim HIV th s tit kim ccc khon chi ph nh chi ph iutr, mt thu nhp, hay chi ph machay. Chi ph ny sc cng liv so snh vi chi ph ngn ngaca ly nhim HIV. T s chi ph lich ca mt chng trnh v thctnh bng vic chia tng cc li chcho tng chi ph ca chng trnh(u tnh bng tin). Nu li ch quyra tin ln hn chi ph b ra chochng trnh th chng trnh ccoi l c li ch tuyt i. Phn tchchi ph - li ch c thc s dng so snh cc can thip c cc ktqu khc nhau (v d nh ccchng trnh k hoch ho gia nhv phng chng bnh st rt). Cngc th so snh gia cc ngnh vinhau. V d, ta c th so snh t schi ph-li ch ca chng trnh
phng chng HIV v chng trnhu t cho gio dc b gi. Tuynhin gi tr li ch ca sc khe vli ch x hi quy ra tin i khi lmny sinh rc ri (v nh, quy mngsng con ngi thnh tin).
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
16/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
16
Cost-effectiveness analysis
A type of analysis that compares
effectiveness of different interven-
tions by comparing their costs andoutcomes measured in physical units
(number of children immunized or
the number of deaths averted, for
example) rather than in monetary
units. Cost-effectiveness is
calculated by dividing the total
programme cost by the units of
outcome achieved by the programme
(number of deaths averted or number
of HIV infections prevented) and is
expressed as cost per death averted
or per HIV infection prevented, for
example. This type of analysis can
only be used for programmes that
have the same objectives or
outcomes. One might compare, for
instance, different strategies to
reduce maternal mortality. The
programme that costs less per unit of
outcome is considered the more
cost-effective. Unlike cost-benefit
analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis
does not measure absolute benefit
of a programme. Implicitly, the
assumption is that the outcome of an
intervention is worth achieving and
that the issue is to determine the
most cost-effective way to achieve
it.
Phn tch chi ph hiu quMt phn tch so snh tnh hiu quca cc can thip khc nhau thngqua so snh cc chi ph b ra v cckt quc o lng bng cc nv thc th (v d nh so s tr emc tim chng hay s t vong cth trnh c) ch khng phi tnhtheo n v tin. Chi ph hiu quc tnh bng cch ly tng chi ph
b ra ca chng trnh chia cho sn v kt qut c (v d nhs ngi trnh b t vong hay s caHIV c th ngn chn c) v cth hin, v d nh chi ph cho mttrng hp t vong c th trnhc hoc cho mt ca ly nhimHIV ngn nga c. Phn tch nych p dng c cho cc chngtrnh c cng mc tiu hay cng ktqu tc ng. V d, ngi ta c thso snh cc chin lc khc nhaunhm gim t l t vong m.Chng trnh c chi ph trn mtn v kt qu thp hn sc coil c tnh chi ph-hiu qu cao hn.Khng ging vi phn tch chi ph li ch, phn tch chi ph-hiu qukhng nh gi li ch tuyt i cachng trnh. Ni cch khc, c chorng kt qu ca mt can thip l t c, vn ch l phi xc nhcch chi ph c hiu qu nht tc kt qu.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
17/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
17
Country programme evalu-
ation/Country assisstance
evaluation
Evaluation of one or more donors or
agencys portfolio of development
interventions, and the assistance
strategy behind them, in a partner
country.
nh gi chng trnh qucgia/ nh gi vin trqucgia
nh gi cc can thip ca mt hocnhiu nh ti trv chin lc h trmt nc i tc.
Coverage
The extent to which a programmereaches its intended target popula-
tion, institution or geographic area.
bao ph
Phm vi m chng trnh bao phc qun thch, c quan hockhu vc a l nh t trc.
Criteria
The standards used to determine
whether or not a programme or proj-
ect meets expectations.
Tiu ch
Cc chun c s dng xc nhmt chng trnh hoc d n c png c cc mong i hay khng.
DData
Specific quantitative and qualitative
information or facts.
Dliu/s liuThng tin, d kin nh tnh v nhlng c th.
Data collection methodThe mode of collection to be used
when gathering information and data
on a given indicator of achievement
or evaluation. Collection methods
include the review of records,
surveys, interviews, or content
analysis.
Phng php thu thp dliuCch thc thu thp thng tin v sliu v mt ch s kt qu hoc nhgi. Phng php thu thp s liu
bao gm vic r sot cc bo co,iu tra, phng vn hoc phn tchni dung.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
18/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
18
Database
An accumulation of information that
has been systematically organized
for easy access and analysis.Databases are usually computerized.
CsdliuL tp hp thng tin c sp xpmt cch c h thng c th truy
cp v phn tch d dng. Csdliu thng c vi tnh ho.
Description of results
Succinct statement based on the data
collected on the performance meas-
ures at the indicator of achievement
level. It interprets and articulatessuch data in a results oriented lan-
guage.
M t kt quTrnh by ngn gn da theo s liuthu thp c v tiu chun thchin cng vic cp ch s kt qu.
Bo co din gii v trnh by cc sliu theo ngn ng hng ti ktqu.
Development intervention
An instrument for partner support
aimed to promote development.
Note: Examples are policy advice,projects, and programmes.
Can thip pht trinPhng tin h tri tc nhm mcch thc y s pht trin.
Ghi ch: V d nh l t vn chnhsch, cc d n v chng trnh.
Development objective
Intended impact contributing to
physical, financial, institutional,
social, environmental, or other
benefits to a society, community, or
group of people via one or moredevelopment interventions.
Mc tiu pht trinTc ng c chch ng gp vocc li ch vt cht, ti chnh, thch, x hi, mi trng hoc cc lich khc i vi x hi, cng nghoc nhm i tng thng qua mthoc nhiu can thip.
Data source
The origin of the data or information
collected. Data sources may include
informal and official records,individuals, documents, etc.
Ngun s liu/Ngun dliuNgun gc ca s liu hoc thngtin c thu thp. Ngun s liu cth l cc t liu chnh thc vkhng chnh thc, t cc c nhn,cc ti liu,
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
19/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
19
Discretionary external
evaluation
An evaluation requested by
programme managers and managed
and conducted by entities outside the
programme being evaluated or any
external evaluator. In this type of
evaluation, the programme manager
requests the external evaluator, to
design, manage and/or conduct the
evaluation, while the programme
manager's role is as the "evaluaee".
Discretionary external evaluations
are primarily useful for programme
managers who wish to improve the
performance of their programmes on
the basis of objective assessments,
though they may also be useful to
support decision-making at the gov-ernance level.
nh gi c lp (tbnngoi)
L nh gi theo yu cu ca cc nhqun l chng trnh, c qun lv tin hnh bi nhng c quankhng thuc chng trnh hoc bi
bt c ngi nh gi c lp t bnngoi chng trnh. i vi hnhthc nh gi ny, ngi qun lchng trnh yu cu ngi nh gic lp thit k, qun l v/hoc tinhnh cuc nh gi, v khi vai trca ngi qun l chng trnh lngi bnh gi.
nh gi c lp theo yu cu huch cho nh qun l chng trnhmong mun ci thin cht lngthc hin chng trnh trn c s
nh gi khch quan, mc d chngcng c thc dng h trvicra quyt nh cp qun l.
Discretionary internal
evaluation/self-evaluations
These are optional, non-mandatory
evaluations conducted by programmemanagers for their own use. They
address issues that are over and
above those covered by Mandatory
Internal Evaluation/Self-assess-
ments. While manages may contract
external consultants and specialists
to help with the exercise, these
evaluations are considered internalor self-evaluations because the
nh gi ni b/tnh giL nh gi t chn, khng bt bucv c nh qun l chng trnh t
tin hnh v mc ch ca ring h.nh gi ny c th cp nnhng vn nm trn c phm vica mt nh gi ni b /Tnhgi bt buc. Mc d nh qun l cth k hp ng vi t vn vchuyn gia bn ngoi h tr thchin, nh gi ny vn b coi l nh
gi bn trong hoc tnh gi donh qun l chng trnh chu trch
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
20/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
20
programme managers remain
responble for the design and/or
management of the evaluation, and
are ultimately responsible for thequality of the reports and for using
the results to improve operations.
Such self-evaluations are useful
when formulating best-practices
and lessons-learned and can cover
cross-cutting issues relevant to a
number of subprogrammes.
nhim cho vic thit k v/hoc qunl nh gi v chu trch nhim cuicng i vi cht lng ca bo co
v s dng kt qu nng cao hiuqu thc hin chng trnh. Tnhgi rt hu ch khi xc nh cc thchnh tt nht v bi hc kinhnghim, n cng c th ph hp nh gi cc ch xuyn sut thit k trong mt s tiu chngtrnh.
E
Economy
Absence of waste for a given output.
Note: An activity is economical
when the costs of the scarceresources used approximate the
minimum needed to achieve planned
objectives.
Tnh kinh tKhng c s lng ph t cu ra mong mun.
Ghi ch: Mt hot ng c hiu qukinh t khi chi ph ngun lc khanhim c s dng gn vi mcti thiu cn thit t c mctiu k hoch t ra.
Effect
Intended or unintended change due
directly or indirectly to an interven-tion.
Hiu quThay i c ch hoc khng c
ch do mt can thip trc tip hocgin tip.
Effective practices
Practices that have proven
successful in particular circum-
stances. Knowledge about effective
practices is used to demonstrate
what works and what does not and to
Thc hnh c hiu quThc hnh c chng minh lthnh cng trong nhng hon cnhc th. Kin thc v thc hnh hiuquc s dng ch ra cng vicg ang tin trin, cng vic g khng
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
21/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
21
accumulate and apply knowledge
about how and why they work in
different situations and contexts.
tin trin cng nh tch ly v pdng kin thc v cch thc v l docc thc hnh ny thnh cng trong
cc hon cnh khc nhau.
Effectiveness
A measure of the extent to which a
programme achieves its planned
results (outputs, outcomes and
goals).
Tnh hiu quo lng mc mt chng trnht c cc kt qu (cc u ra, ktqu hay mc ch) so vi k hoch
ban u.
Efficiency
A measure of how economically or
optimally inputs (financial, human,
technical and material resources) are
used to produce outputs.
Hiu suto lng cch thc cc u vo(ngun ti chnh, nhn lc, k thutv vt t) c s dng mt cch tiu v kinh tem li u ra.
Ethics
Evaluation should not reflect
personal or sectoral interests.
Evaluators must have professional
integrity and respect the rights of
institutions and individuals to
provide information in confidence
and to verify statements attributed to
them. Evaluations must be sensitiveto the beliefs and customs of local
social and cultural environments and
must be conducted legally and with
due regard to the welfare of those
involved in the evaluation, as well as
those affected by its findings. In line
with the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, evaluators must besensitive to and address issues
o cnh gi khng nn ch phn nh lich c nhn hoc li ch ca mtngnh no . Ngi nh gi phic tnh lim chnh chuyn nghip vtn trng cc quyn ca t chc vc nhn v bo mt vic cung cpthng tin v thm tra li cc thng
tin c cung cp. nh gi phinhy cm vi tn ngng, phong tcvn ha x hi ca a phng, phic tin hnh mt cch hp phpv quan tm y n li ch canhng ngi lin quan cng nhnhng ngi chu tc ng ca cc
pht hin nh gi. Trn tinh thn
ca Tuyn ngn ton cu v Nhnquyn, ngi nh gi phi nhy
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
22/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
22
of discrimination and gender
inequality.
cm v phn nh c cc vn vk th v bt bnh ng gii.
Evaluability
The extent to which an activity or a
programme can be evaluated in a
reliable and credible fashion.
C thc nh giMc m mt hot ng hay mtchng trnh c thc nh githeo cch tin cy c.
Evaluation
A time-bound exercise that attemptsto assess systematically and objec-
tively the relevance, performance
and success, or the lack thereof,
of ongoing and completed
programmes. Evaluation is under-
taken selectively to answer specific
questions to guide decision-makers
and/or programme managers, and toprovide information on whether
underlying theories and assumptions
used in programme development
were valid, what worked and what
did not work and why. Evaluation
commonly aims to determine the
relevance, validity of design,
efficiency, effectiveness, impact andsustainability of a programme.
nh gi
Hot ng c thi hn lng gimt cch c h thng v khch quantnh ph hp, vic thc hin cngvic v nhng thnh cng hoc tht
bi ca cc chng trnh ang tiptc hoc hon thnh. nh gic tin hnh mt cch chn lc tr li cho cc cu hi c th nhm
hng dn ngi ra quyt nh hoccc nh qun l chng trnh. nhgi cng cung cp thng tin cho bitliu cc gi thuyt v ginh cs dng trong vic xy dng chngtrnh c gi tr hay khng, vic gtin trin, vic g khng tin trin vti sao. nh gi thng nhm xc
nh mc ph hp, hiu lc cathit k, hiu qu, hiu sut, tc ngv tnh bn vng ca mt chngtrnh.
Evaluation questions
A set of questions developed by the
evaluator, sponsor, and/or other
Cc cu hi nh giMt tp hp cc cu hi do nhngngi nh gi, nh ti trv/hoc
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
23/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
23
stakeholders, which define the issues
the evaluation will investigate and
are stated in such terms that they can
be answered in a way useful tostakeholders.
cc i tc din t xc nh ccvn cn nh gi. Cc cu hi nyc a ra mt cch ph hp c
cu tr li hu ch cho cc i tc.
Evaluation scope
A framework that establishes the
focus of an evaluation in terms of
questions to address, the issues to be
covered, and defines what will be
analyzed and what will not be
analyzed. The scope defines the
parameters of the evaluation and is
presented in the Terms of
Reference.
Phm vi nh giKhung xc nh trng tm ca mtcuc nh gi bao gm cc cu hit ra, cc vn cn quan tm vnhng vn cn hoc khng cn
phn tch. Phm vi xc nh r ccch s nh gi v c th hintrong iu khon tham chiu.
Evaluation standards
A set of criteria against whichthe completeness and quality of
evaluation work can be assessed.
The standards measure the utility,
feasibility, propriety and accuracy of
the evaluation. Evaluation standards
must be established in consultation
with stakeholders prior to the
evaluation.
Cc chun nh gi
Mt tp hp cc tiu ch da vo nh gi tnh hon thin v chtlng ca cng tc nh gi. Ccchun ny o lng tnh hu ch,tnh kh thi, tnh ng n v tnhchnh xc ca cng tc nh gi. Ccchun nh gi phi c xy dngc tham kho kin ca cc i tc
trc khi tin hnh nh gi.
Evaluation team
Group of specialists responsible for
the planning and conduct of an
evaluation. An evaluation team
produces the evaluation report.
Nhm nh giNhm cc chuyn gia chu trchnhim lp k hoch v t chc thchin nh gi. Nhm nh gi s vit
bo co nh gi.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
24/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
24
Evaluative activities
Activities such as situational
analysis, baseline surveys, applied
research and diagnostic studies.Evaluative activities are quite
distinct from evaluation; neverthe-
less, the findings of such activities
can be used to improve, modify
or adapt programme design and
implementation.
Cc hot ng nh giCc hot ng nh phn tch tnhhnh, iu tra cbn ban u, nghincu ng dng v nghin cu chnon. Cc hot ng nh gi rtkhc so vi qu trnh nh gi; tuynhin cc kt qu ca cc hot ngny c thc s dng ci thin,thay i hoc chnh sa cho khuthit k v thc hin chng trnh.
Evaluator
An individual involved in all stages
of the evaluation process, from
defining the terms of reference and
collecting and analyzing data to
developing findings and making
recommendations. The evaluatormay also be involved in taking
corrective action or making
improvements.
Ngi nh giC nhn lin quan n tt c cc giaion ca qu trnh nh gi t vicxc nh iu khon tham chiu, thuthp v phn tch s liu ti vic ara cc pht hin v xut khuyn
ngh. Ngi nh gi cng c ththam gia vo hot ng iu chnhhoc ci tin.
Evidence
The information presented to
support a finding or conclusion.
Evidence should be sufficient,competent and relevant. There are
four types of evidence: observations
(obtained through direct observation
of people or events); documentary
(obtained from written information);
analytical (based on computations
and comparisons); and self-reported
(obtained through, for example,surveys).
Bng chng/Chng cThng tin h trcho mt pht hinhoc kt lun. Bng chng cn phi
, xc ng v ph hp. C bn loibng chng: quan st (thng quaquan st trc tip i tng hoc skin); ti liu/t liu (c c thngqua vn bn); phn tch (trn cstnh ton v so snh); v t bo co(thu c thng qua, v d t cccuc iu tra).
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
25/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
25
Ex-ante evaluation
An evaluation that is performed
before implementation of a develop-
ment intervention.
Related term: Appraisal.
nh gi trc can thipMt nh gi c tin hnh trckhi trin khai mt can thip.
Thut ng lin quan: Thm nh.
Execution
The management of a specific
programme which includes account-
ability for the effective use of
resources.
iu hnhVic qun l mt chng trnh c th
bao gm trch nhim gii trnh vics dng hiu qu cc ngun lc.
Expected accomplishment
A desired outcome or result
involving benefits to end-users,
expressed as a quantitative or
qualitative standard, value or rate.
Accomplishments are the directconsequence or effect of the delivery
of outputs and lead to the fulfilment
of the envisaged objective.
Kt qu mong munKt qu hoc tc ng mong munlin quan n li ch ca ngi sdng cui cng, c th hin didng tiu chun nh lng hoc
nh tnh, gi tr hoc t l. y lkt qu hoc tc ng trc tip cau ra v dn ti vic hon thnhmc tiu d tnh.
Ex-post evaluation
A type of summative evaluation of
an intervention usually conducted
after it has been completed. Its
purpose is to understand the factors
of success or failure, to assess the
outcome, impact and sustainability
of results, and to draw conclusions
that may inform similar interven-
tions in the future.
nh gi sau can thipMt dng nh gi tng kt mt canthip, thng c thc hin sau khi kt thc can thip . Mc chl hiu c cc yu t to nnthnh cng v tht bi, nh gi ktqu, tc ng v tnh bn vng cakt qu, v rt ra kt lun gp
phn xy dng cc can thip tngt sau ny.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
26/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
26
External factor
Event and/or condition that is
beyond the control of those respon-
sible for an activity but that has aneffect on the success or failure of the
activity. It may be anticipated in the
form of assumptions or they may be
unanticipated.
Yu t bn ngoiS vic hoc iu kin nm ngoitm kim sot ca nhng ngi chutrch nhim cho mt hot ngnhng li c tc ng n thnhcng hoc tht bi ca hot ng. Nc thc don trc di dnggi thit hoc c th khng dontrc c.
FFeasibility
The coherence and quality of a
programme strategy that makes
successful implementation likely.
Tnh kh thiS mch lc v cht lng ca mtchin lc chng trnh lm chovic thc thi thnh cng.
Feedback
The transmission of findings of
monitoring and evaluation activities
organized and presented in an
appropriate form for dissemination
to users in order to improve
programme management, decision-
making and organizational learning.
Feedback is generated through
monitoring, evaluation and
evaluative activities and may include
findings, conclusions, recommen-
dations and lessons learned from
experience.
Phn hiChuyn ti cc thng tin pht hin ttheo di v nh gi, trnh by mtcch ph hp n ngi s dngnhm ci thin khu qun l chngtrnh, khu ra quyt nh, khu oto ca t chc. Phn hi c hnhthnh thng qua qu trnh theo di,
nh gi v cc hot ng mang tnhnh gi. N c th bao gm cc
pht hin, kt lun, khuyn ngh vbi hc kinh nghim.
Finding
A factual statement on a programmebased on empirical evidence
Pht hin
Bo co thc v chng trnh datrn cc bng chng thc nghim thu
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
27/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
27
gathered through monitoring and
evaluation activities.
thp c qua cc hot ng theodi v nh gi.
Focus groupA group of usually 7-10 people
selected to engage in discussions
designed for the purpose of sharing
insights and observations, obtaining
perceptions or opinions, suggesting
ideas, or recommending actions on a
topic of concern. A focus group
discussion is a method of collecting
data for monitoring and evaluation
purposes.
Nhm trng tmMt nhm t 7 n 10 ngi cchn la tham gia cc cuc tholun nhm nhm chia s hiu bit vcc quan st, thu thp quan im hay kin, xut cc tng haykhuyn ngh hnh ng v mt ch no . Tho lun nhm trngtm chnh l mt phng php thuthp d liu phc v cho mc chtheo di v nh gi.
Formative evaluation
A type of process evaluation under-
taken during programme implemen-
tation to furnish information that willguide programme improvement. A
formative evaluation focuses on
collecting data on programme
operations so that needed changes or
modifications can be made to the
programme in its early stages.
Formative evaluations are used to
provide feedback to programmemanagers and other personnel about
the programme that are working and
those that need to be changed.
nh gi hnh thnhLoi nh gi qu trnh c thchin trong giai on trin khai
chng trnh cung cp thng tinnh hng cho vic ci thinchng trnh. nh gi hnh thnhtp trung vo vic thu thp d liuv cc hot ng ca chng trnh c nhng thay i hoc iuchnh cn thit cho chng trnhngay trong giai on u. Cch nh
gi ny c s dng cung cpcc kin phn hi cho cc nhqun l chng trnh v cc cn bkhc v chng trnh ang hotng v nhng g cn thay i.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
28/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
28
G
Goal
The higher order objective to whicha development intervention is
intended to contribute.
Mc ch
Mc tiu cp cao hn m cc htrcan thip dnh ng gp vo.
H
Highlights of programme
resultsThe most salient results achieved
during the biennium based on the
results/accomplishments of the
various subprogrammes under it.
These highlights of programme
results are included in the
Programme Performance Report for
each Budget Section and reflect themost significant achievements
towards realizing the programme's
objectives.
Nhng kt qu ni bt cachng trnh
Nhng kt qu quan trng nht tc trong nm va qua trn cskt qu ca nhiu tiu chng trnh.
Nhng kt qu ni bt ny nm trongBo co thc hin chng trnh chotng phn ngn sch v phn nhc nhng thnh qu quan trng
nht trong vic thc hin cc mctiu ca chng trnh.
I
ImpactPositive and negative long term
effects on identifiable population
groups produced by a development
intervention, directly or indirectly,
intended or unintended. These
effects can be economic, socio-
cultural, institutional, environmental,
technological or of other types.
Tc ngCc nh hng tch cc v tiu ccdi hn do cc can thip gy nn,hoc gin tip hoc trc tip, c ch hay khng ch cho cc nhm dnc nht nh. Cc nh hng ny cth l nh hng kinh t, vn ho xhi, th ch, mi trng, cng ngh
hoc cc loi nh hng khc.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
29/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
29
Impact evaluation
A type of outcome evaluation that
focuses on the broad, longer-term
impact or results of a programme.For example, an impact evaluation
could show that a decrease in a
communitys overall maternal
mortality rate was the direct result of
a programme designed to improve
referral services and provide high
quality pre- and post-natal care and
deliveries assisted by skilled health
care professionals.
nh gi tc ngMt loi nh gi kt qu tp trungvo tc ng hay cc kt qu di hn,quy m ln ca mt chng trnh. Vd nhnh gi tc ng cho thygim t sut t vong m trong cngng l kt qu trc tip ca mtchng trnh c thit k cithin h thng chuyn tuyn v cungcp dch v chm sc c cht lngtrc v sau sinh v dch v docc cn b y tm nhn.
Implementation rate
The degree to which planned outputs
are completed during the biennium.
The output implementation rate is
usually calculated in three differentways. The first calculation (1) shows
the percentage of mandated outputs
(those initially programmed plus
those carried forward plus those
added by legislation) that were
completed. The second calculation
(2) shows the rate of implementation
of all outputs, which is the sum ofmandated outputs plus those added.
It indicates how much of the overall
workload of the biennium was
accomplished. Finally, the third
figure (3) is the ratio of all outputs
implemented by a particular
programme (those programmed,
carried over, reformulated and added
T l thc hin cng vicMc m cc u ra theo k hochc hon thnh trong nm. T lthc hin cng vic thng c
tnh ton theo ba cch khc nhau.Cch tnh th nht (1) ch ra t l
phn trm c hon thnh cacc u ra c giao (bao gm ccu ra theo k hoch ban u cngvi nhng u ra phi tip tc thchin cng vi nhng u ra b sungtheo yu cu ca cp c thm
quyn). Cch tnh th hai (2) ch rat l thc hin ca tt c cc u ra(l tng ca cc u ra c giaocng vi nhng u ra b sung).Cch ny cho bit t l cng vic canm k hoch c hon thnh l
bao nhiu. Cui cng, ch s th ba(3) l t s ca tt c cc u ra
c thc hin ca mt chng trnh
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
30/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
30
by legislation) to the outputs
programmed in the biennial budget.
To understand the purpose of 3, it
should be recalled that whilebudgetary resources were provided
to deliver the outputs programmed in
the biennial budget, developments
during the biennium may have
resulted in additions to the workload
that had to be implemented within
the available resources. The 3 imple-
mentation rate shows how much wasdelivered by a particular programme
compared with what had been
programmed at the outset of the
biennium.
c th ( c lp k hoch, tip tcthc hin, iu chnh li v b sung
bi cp c thm quyn) trn tng s
u ra theo k hoch trong ngn schnm. hiu r mc ch ca cchtnh th 3, cn phi bit rng, mc dcc ngun ngn sch c cung cp thc hin cc u ra theo khoch nm, qu trnh thc hin cth dn n nhng khi lng cngvic pht sinh vn phi thc hin
trong khun kh cc ngun lc snc. T l theo cch tnh th 3 cho
bit khi lng cng vic c thchin so vi k hoch u nm l baonhiu.
Independence
The evaluation function should be
structurally independent from the
operational management and
decision-making functions so that it
is free from undue influence, can
be more objective, and has full
discretion in submitting directly its
reports for consideration at theappropriate level of decision-
making. To avoid conflict of interest
and undue pressure, evaluators need
to be independent, implying that
members of an evaluation team must
not have been directly responsible
for the policy-setting, design or
overall management of the subject ofevaluation, nor expect to be in the
near future.
Tnh c lpChc nng nh gi cn phi c lpvi chc nng qun l iu hnh vra quyt nh, nh vy nh gikhng bnh hng sai lch, khchquan hn v c quyn np trc tip
bo co cho cp c quyn xem xt vra quyt nh ph hp. trnh
xung t v li ch v p lc khngng c, ngi nh gi cn phi clp, tc l thnh vin ca nhm nhgi khng chu trch nhim trc tiptrong vic ra chnh sch, thit khoc qun l i tng nh gi tithi im hin ti cng nh trongtng lai gn.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
31/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
31
Independent evaluation
An evaluation carried out by entities
and persons free of the control of
those responsible for the design andimplementation of the development
intervention.
Note: The credibility of an
evaluation depends in part on how
independently it has been carried
out. Independence implies freedom
from political influence and organi-
zational pressure. It is characterized
by full access to information and
by full autonomy in carrying out
investigations and reporting findings.
nh gi c lpMt cuc nh gi c thc hin
bi c quan hoc c nhn khngthuc phm vi kim sot ca nhngngi thit k v thc hin cc canthip.
Ghi ch: Tnh tin cy ca mt nhgi ph thuc mt phn vo mc c lp ca nh gi . Tnh clp c ngha l khng chu nhhng v mt chnh tr v p lc cat chc. Tnh c lp c ngha l tdo tip cn y vi thng tin vt ch trong vic thc hin iu trav bo co cc pht hin.
In-depth evaluation
Both internal and external evaluation
can be "in-depth" when they take acomprehensive and broad-ranging
review of the work of a programme
or organizational entity. In-depth
evaluation can be undertaken by
external entities or by programme
managers. The objective is to make
recommendations to formulate
decisions aimed at increasing theoverall relevance, effectiveness and
impact of the programmes.
nh gi suCnh gi ni b v nh gi c
lp u c th l nh gi su khixem xt mt cch ton din cngvic ca mt chng trnh hoc mtt chc. nh gi su c thcthc hin bi cc cquan bn ngoihoc cc cn b qun l chngtrnh. Mc tiu l a ra cc khuynngh ra quyt nh nhm mc
ch nng cao tnh ph hp, hiu quv tc ng ca chng trnh.
Indicator
A quantitative or qualitative measure
of programme performance that isused to demonstrate change and
Ch sMt o lng nh tnh v nh
lng vic thc hin chng trnh,dng biu t s thay i v nu
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
32/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
32
which details the extent to which
programme results are being or have
been achieved. In order for indica-
tors to be useful for monitoring andevaluating programme results, it is
important to identify indicators that
are direct, objective, practical and
adequate and to regularly update
them.
r mc cc kt qu ca chngtrnh v ang t c. cc chs ny tht s hu ch trong cng tc
theo di v nh gi kt qu chngtrnh, vic xc nh cc ch s trctip, khch quan, thc tin, y v cp nht u n l iu rt quantrng.
Indicator of achievement
Used to measure the extent to
which expected accomplishments
have been achieved. Indicators
correspond to the expected accom-
plishment for which they are used to
measure performance. One expected
accomplishment can have multiple
indicators.
Ch s hon thnh cng vicc s dng o lng mc t c cc kt qu mong i. Ccch s tng ng vi kt qu mongi c s dng o lng mc thc hin. Mt kt qu mong ic th c nhiu ch s.
Indirect effect
The unplanned changes brought
about as a result of implementing a
programme or a project.
Hiu qu gin tipNhng thay i khng c trong khoch do kt qu ca vic thc hinchng trnh hoc d n.
Inputs
The financial, human, material,
technological and information
resource provided by stakeholders
(i.e. donors, programme imple-
menters and beneficiaries) that are
used to implement a development
intervention.
u voNgun ti chnh, nhn lc, vt t, kthut v thng tin do cc i tc (ccnh ti tr, ngi thc hin chngtrnh, nhng ngi hng li) cungcp, c dng thc hin cc canthip.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
33/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
33
Inspection
A special, on-the-spot investigation
of an activity that seeks to resolve
particular problems.
Thanh tra
Cuc iu tra c bit, ngay ti chcho mt hot ng no tm racch gii quyt cc vn c th.
Institutional development
impact
The extent to which an intervention
improves or weakens the ability of
a country or region to make more
efficient, equitable, and sustainable
use of its human, financial, and
natural resources, for example
through: (a) better definition,
stability, transparency, enforceability
and predictability of institutional
arrangements and/or (b) better
alignment of the mission and
capacity of an organization with its
mandate, which derives from these
institutional arrangements. Such
impacts can include intended and
unintended effects of an action.
Tc ng pht trin t chcMc m mt can thip nng caohoc lm suy yu kh nng ca mtquc gia hoc mt khu vc trongvic s dng hiu qu, hp l v bnvng hn cc ngun nhn lc, tichnh v ti nguyn thin nhin, v
d thng qua (a) nh ngha r hn,tnh n nh, tnh minh bch, tnhhiu lc v c th don trc cavic sp xp t chc v/hoc (b) linkt cht ch hn gia nhim v vnng lc ca mt t chc. Nhng tc
ng c th bao gm c tc ng cchch hoc khng c chch camt hot ng.
JJoint evaluation
An evaluation conducted with other
UN partners, bilateral donors or
international development banks.
nh gi phi hpCuc nh gi c tin hnh cngvi cc t chc Lin hp quc khc,cc nh ti trsong phng hay ccngn hng pht trin quc t.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
34/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
34
Bi hc kinh nghim
Hc tp kinh nghim c th pdng c cho tnh hnh chung chkhng phi ch p dng cho mthon cnh c th no . Vic xcnh bi hc kinh nghim da vo 3yu t chnh: i) tch ly kinh nghimv nhng hiu bit c; ii) cng cthu thp d liu tt; v iii) bo co
phn tch tnh hnh.
L
Lessons learned
Learning from experience that isapplicable to a generic situation
rather than to a specific circum-
stance. The identification of lessons
learned relies on three key factors: i)
the accumulation of past experiences
and insights; ii) good data collection
instruments; and iii) a context
analysis.
Logical framework (Log
frame)
A dynamic planning and mana-
gement tool that summarizes the
results of the logical framework
approach process and communicatesthe key features of a programme
design in a single matrix. It can
provide the basis for monitoring
progress achieved and evaluating
programme results. The matrix
should be revisited and refined
regularly as new information
becomes available.
Khung logic
Mt cng c qun l v lp k hochtm tt cc kt qu ca qu trnh tipcn khung logic v biu th cc cim chnh ca thit k chng trnh
di dng mt ma trn. Cng ccung cp nn tng cho vic theo ditin v nh gi kt qu chngtrnh. Ma trn ny nn c xem xtli v chnh sa thng xuyn mikhi c thng tin mi.
Logical framework
approach
A specific strategic planning
methodology that is used to prepare
a programme or development
intervention. The methodologyentails a participatory process to
Phng php tip cnkhung logic
Mt phng php lp k hochchin lc c th chun b mtchng trnh hay mt hot ng can
thip. Phng php lun ny i himt qu trnh nhiu bn cng tham
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
35/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
35
clarify outcomes, outputs, activities
and inputs, their causal relationships,
the indicators with which to
gauge/measure progress towardsresults, and the assumptions and
risks that may influence success and
failure of the intervention. It offers a
structured logical approach to setting
priorities and building consensus
around intended results and
activities of a programme together
with stakeholders.
gia lm sng t cc kt qu, ccu ra, cc hot ng v cc u vo,cc mi quan h nhn qu, cc ch s
o lng tin hng ti ktqu, v cc ginh cng nh ri roc thnh hng n thnh cng vtht bi ca can thip. y l phng
php tip cn logic c cu trc, tra nhng u tin v to s ngthun v cc kt qu dnh v cchot ng ca mt chng trnh
cng vi cc i tc.
M
Management information
system
A system, usually consisting of
people, procedures, processes and a
data bank (often computerized) that
routinely gathers quantitative and
qualitative information on pre-
determined indicators to measure
programme progress and impact.
It also informs decision-makingfor effective programme implemen-
tation.
H thng thng tin qun lMt h thng, thng bao gm con
ngi, cc quy trnh, cc th tc vngn hng d liu (c lu trtrong my tnh) thu thp u nthng tin nh tnh v nh lng vcc ch s xc nh trc olng tin v tc ng cachng trnh. N cng cung cpthng tin cho ngi ra quyt nh thc thi chng trnh mt cch hiuqu.
Mandatory internal
evaluation/self-assessments
These are compulsary assessments
performed by programme managers.
They use information generated by
nh gi bn trong theo unhim/tnh giy l nhng nh gi bt buc docc nh qun l chng trnh thchin. nh gi s dng thng tin t
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
36/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
36
measuring the extent to which
Expected Accomplishments were
achieved through the collection of
indicator data. They may also useinformation generated from other
types of evaluation and assessment,
as appropriate.
vic o lng mc hon thnhcc kt qu mong i thng qua thuthp d liu ch s. Thng tin thu
thp c t cc cuc nh gi khccng c thc s dng nu phhp.
Means of Verification
(MOV)
The specific sources from whichthe status of each of the results
indicators in the Results and
Resources Framework can be
ascertained.
Phng tin kim nh/xcminh
Cc ngun c th cho php xc nhchc chn tnh trng ca cc ch skt qu trong Khung Kt qu v
Ngun lc.
Meta-evaluation
A type of evaluation that aggregates
findings from a series of evaluations.
Also an evaluation of an evaluation
to judge its quality and/or assess the
performance of the evaluators.
nh gi MetaL nh gi tp hp cc pht hin tnhiu cuc nh gi. Cng c th lnh gi li mt cuc nh gi xc nh cht lng v kh nngthc hin cng vic ca nhng nginh gi.
Methodology
A description of how something
will be done. A set of analytical
methods, procedures and techniques
used to collect and analyse
information appropriate for
evaluation of the particular
programme, component or activity.
Phng phpMiu t cch thc hin cng vicno . L cch phn tch, qui trnhv k thut c s dng thu thpv phn tch thng tin, ph hp viqu trnh nh gi mt chng trnh,mt cu phn hay hot ng c th.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
37/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
37
Mid-term evaluation
Evaluation performed towards
the middle of the period of imple-
mentation of the intervention.
Related term: Formative evaluation.
nh gi gia knh gi c thc hin vo thiim gia giai on tin hnh canthip.
Thut ng lin quan: nh gi hnhthnh.
Monitoring
A continuous management functionthat aims primarily at providing
programme managers and key stake-
holders with regular feedback and
early indications of progress or lack
thereof in the achievement of
intended results. Monitoring tracks
the actual performance against what
was planned or expected according
Theo di
Mt chc nng qun l lin tcnhm cung cp cho cc cn b qunl chng trnh v cc i tc chnhnhng thng tin phn hi mt cchthng xuyn, c hay khng c ccdu hiu sm ca s tin trin nhmt c nhng kt qu d kin.Theo di l kim tra vic thc hincng vic thc t so vi k hoch,
Methodology form
A set of fields developed and
incorporated that allow subpro-
grammes and programmes to iden-tify and document the elements of
the indicator that will be measured
during the biennium, identify data
sources, determine data collection
and verification methods, fix the
periodicity of measurements, create
or identify a presentation format and
identify external factors that could
distort or influence measurements.
This should be done early in the
biennium to ensure proper data
collection and reporting of results.
Cc loi phng phpMt tp hp cc phng php cxy dng v kt hp cht ch cho
php cc tiu chng trnh v chngtrnh xc nh v tp hp cc thnh
phn ca ch s cn c o lngtrong nm k hoch, xc nh ngund liu, quyt nh phng php thuthp v kim nh d liu, n nhthi gian o lng, xy dng hocxc nh biu mu trnh by v xcnh cc yu t bn ngoi c th lmsai lch hoc nh hng n vic olng. Cng vic ny nn cchun b sm vo u nm k hochm bo thu thp s liu chnh xcv bo co kt qu kp thi.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
38/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
38
to predetermined standards. It
generally involves collecting and
analysing data on programme
processes and results and recom-mending corrective measures.
hay so vi mong i da theo mtchun mc nh trc. Theo di
bao gm thu thp v phn tch d
liu v cc qu trnh, cc kt qu cachng trnh v khuyn ngh ccbin php iu chnh.
Multi-Year Funding Frame-
work (MYFF)
A four-year framework that is
composed of three interlinkingcomponents: (1) a results frame-
work, which identifies the major
results that UNFPA aims to achieve,
its key programme strategies, and
the indicators that will be used to
measure progress; (2) an integrated
resources framework that indicates
the level of resources required toachieve the stated results; and (3) a
managing for results component
that defines the priorities for
improving the Fund's organizational
effectiveness.
Note: For the period 2008-2011,
UNFPA developed the Strategic Plan
(SP) to serve as the centrepiecefor organizational programming,
management and accountability.
Khung Kinh ph cho nhiunmMt khung chng trnh bn nm
bao gm 3 cu phn lin kt vinhau: (1) khung kt qu xc nhcc kt qu chnh m UNFPA mongmun t c, chin lc chngtrnh chnh v cc ch s c sdng nh gi tin ; (2) khungngun lc lng ghp cho bit ngunlc cn thit t nhng kt qu
nh; (3) cu phn qun l kt qu,xc nh r cc u tin nng caotnh hiu qu ca UNFPA.
Ghi ch: Giai on 2008-2011,UNFPA xy dng mt K hochchin lc (SP) nh hng chochng trnh, qun l v trch nhimgii trnh.
O
Objective
A generic term usually used toexpress an outcome or goal
Mc tiu
Thut ng chung dng m t mtmc ch th hin kt qu mong
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
39/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
39
representing the desired result that a
programme seeks to achieve.
mun ca chng trnh.
Operations research
The application of disciplined inves-
tigation to problem-solving. Opera-
tions research analyses a problem,
identifies and then tests solutions.
Nghin cu tc nghipNghin cu gii quyt cc vn .Nghin cu tc nghip phn tch mtvn , xc nh ri sau thnghim cc gii php.
OutcomeThe intended or achieved short and
medium-term effects of an interven-
tions outputs, usually requiring the
collective effort of partners.
Outcomes represent changes in
development conditions which occur
between the completion of outputs
and the achievement of impact.
Kt quCc tc ng ngn v trung hn, dnh hoc t c ca cc u ratrong can thip, thng i hi nlc phi hp ca cc i tc. Cc ktqu th hin nhng thay i trongkhong thi gian t khi kt thc ura cho n khi t c tc ng.
Outcome evaluation
An in-depth examination of a related
set of programmes, components and
strategies intended to achieve a
specific outcome. An outcome
evaluation gauges the extent of
success in achieving the outcome;
assesses the underlying reasons for
achievement or non achievement;
validates the contributions of a
specific organization to the outcome;
and identifies key lessons learned
and recommendations to improve
performance.
nh gi kt quS kim tra k lng chng trnh,cu phn v chin lc d kin t c kt qu c th. nh gi ktqu xc nh mc thnh cng cakt qut c, lng gi cc l dochnh ca thnh cng hay tht bi;xc nhn nhng ng gp ca tchc vo kt qut c; a racc bi hc ch yu v cc khuynngh ci thin chng trnh.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
40/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
40
Outcome monitoring
A process of collecting and
analyzing data to measure the
performance of a programme,project, partnership, policy
reform process and/or soft
assistance towards achievement of
development outcomes at country
level. A defined set of indicators is
constructed to track regularly the key
aspects of performance. Perform-
ance reflects effectiveness in
converting inputs to outputs,
outcomes and impacts.
Theo di kt quQu trnh thu thp v phn tch sliu o lng mc thc hinchng trnh, d n, quan hi tc,qu trnh thay i chnh schv/hoc h trmm t ccc mc tiu pht trin cp qucgia. Mt b cc ch s nht nhc xy dng theo di thngxuyn cc kha cnh chnh ca victhc hin cng vic. Thc hin cngvic phn nh tnh hiu qu ca vicchuyn i cc u vo thnh ccu ra, kt qu v tc ng.
Outlier
A subject or other unit of analysis
that has extreme values. Usuallyoutliers are excluded from statistical
tabulations because they are
considered unrepresentative or
unreliable.
Gi tr ngoi laii tng hoc n v phn tch c
gi tr qu khc bit. Thng thngcc gi tr ngoi lai c loi b rakhi cc tnh ton thng k v ccoi l khng i din hoc khng tincy.
Outputs
The products and services which
result from the completion of
activities within a development
intervention.
u raSn phm v cc dch vt csau khi kt thc cc hot ng trongkhun kh can thip h tr.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
41/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
41
P
Participatory approach
A broad term for the involvement ofprimary and other stakeholders in an
undertaking (e.g. programme
planning, design, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation).
Tip cn c stham gia
Thut ng chung ch s tham giaca cc i tc chnh hoc cc itc khc trong cng vic (v d nhlp k hoch, thit k, thc thi, theodi v nh gi chng trnh).
Participatory evaluation
Evaluation method in which
representatives of agencies and
stakeholders (including benefi-
ciaries) work together in designing,
carrying out and interpreting an
evaluation.
nh gi c stham giaPhng php nh gi trong idin ca cc t chc v i tc (baogm c ngi hng li) cng nhautham gia thit k, thc hin v phntch mt nh gi.
Partners/stakeholders
The individuals and/or organizationsthat collaborate to achieve mutually
agreed upon objectives.
Note: The concept of partnership
connotes shared goals, common
responsibility for outcomes, distinct
accountabilities and reciprocal
obligations. Partners may include
governments, civil society, non-
governmental organizations,
universities, professional and
business associations, multilateral
organizations, private companies,
etc.
i tc/cc bn lin quan
Cc c nhn v/hoc t chc phihp t c cc mc tiu c thng nht gia cc bn.
Ghi ch: Khi nim quan hi tcbao gm cc mc ch c chia s,trch nhim chung i vi kt qu,trch nhim gii trnh r rng vtrch nhim h trln nhau. Cc itc c th bao gm cc Chnh ph,t chc dn s, t chc phi chnh
ph, cc trng i hc, hip hithng mi v chuyn ngnh, cc tchc a phng, cc cng ty tnhn...
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
42/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
42
Performance
The degree to which a development
intervention or a development
partner operates according tospecific criteria/standards/guidelines
or achieves results in accordance
with stated plans.
Thc hinMc m mt can thip hay i tchot ng theo tiu ch/tiuchun/hng dn c th nhm tc kt qu theo k hoch ra.
Performance assessment
External assessment or self-
assessment by programme units,comprising monitoring, reviews,
end-of-year reporting, end-of-project
reporting, institutional assessments,
and/or special studies.
nh gi vic thc hinnh gi c lp bn ngoi hoc t
nh gi ca cc n v trongchng trnh, bao gm vic theo di,kim im, bo co cui nm, boco cui k d n, nh gi t chcv/hoc cc nghin cu chuyn bit.
Performance indicator
A quantitative or qualitative variable
that allows the verification of
changes produced by a development
intervention relative to what was
planned.
Ch so vic thc hinBin snh tnh hoc nh lngcho php kim nh nhng thay ido cc can thip to ra so vi khoch d tnh.
Performance measurement
A system for assessing the perform-
ance of development interventions,
partnerships or policy reforms
relative to what was planned in
terms of the achievement of outputs
and outcomes. Performance meas-
urement relies upon the collection,
analysis, interpretation and reporting
of data for performance indicators.
o lng vic thc hinMt h thng nh gi vic thchin cc can thip, quan hi tchay cc thay i chnh sch so vik hoch nhm t c cc u rav kt qu. o lng vic thc hincng vic da vo thu thp, phntch, phin gii v bo co d liu vcc ch s thc hin cng vic.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
43/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
43
Performance monitoring
A continuous process of collecting
and analysing data for performance
indicators, to compare how welldevelopment interventions, partner-
ships or policy reforms are being
implemented against expected
results.
Theo di vic thc hinQu trnh lin tc thu thp v phntch s liu v cc ch s thc hincng vic, so snh cc can thip,quan h i tc hay cc thay ichnh sch ang tin hnh nh thno vi cc kt qu mong i.
Postponed
Status of programmed output that isnot delivered to intended users
during the relevant biennium and is
carried forward for completion to the
next biennium. The postponement
can be by legislative decision or at
the discretion of the Secretariat.
Tr hon
Tnh trng u ra khng n cngi s dng theo nh k hoch vb chuyn sang thc hin nm khoch tip theo. S tr hon c thdo quyt nh ca cquan c thmquyn hoc theo yu cu ca baniu hnh.
Process evaluation
A type of evaluation that examines
the extent to which a programme is
operating as intended by assessing
ongoing programme operations. A
process evaluation helps programme
managers identify what changes are
needed in design, strategies andoperations to improve performance.
nh gi qu trnhnh gi mc hot ng ca mtchng trnh theo d tnh thng qualng gi cc hot ng ang trinkhai ca chng trnh. nh gi qutrnh gip cho cc cn b qun lchng trnh xc nh c thay icn c trong thit k, chin lc vhot ng ci thin cht lngchng trnh.
Programme
A time-bound intervention similar to
a project but which cuts across
sectors, themes or geographic areas,
Chng trnhCan thip c thi hn tng t nhmt d n nhng lin quan ti nhiungnh, nhiu ch hoc nhiu khu
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
44/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
44
uses a multi-disciplinary approach,
involves multiple institutions, and
may be supported by several
different funding sources.
vc a l, s dng cch tip cn alnh vc, lin quan n nhiu cquan, v c th c h tr bi
nhiu ngun kinh ph khc nhau.
Programme evaluation
Evaluation of a set of interventions,
marshalled to attain specific global,
regional, country, or sector
development objectives.
Note: A development programme isa time bound intervention involving
multiple activities that may cut
across sectors, themes and/or
geographic areas.
nh gi chng trnhnh gi mt lot cc hot ng canthip c sp xp theo th ttc cc mc tiu pht trin c th
phm vi ton cu, khu vc, quc giahoc phm vi ngnh.
Ghi ch: Mt chng trnh pht trinl mt can thip h trc thi hn
bao gm nhiu hot ng c ththuc nhiu lnh vc/ngnh, chv/hoc khu vc a l.
Programme approachA process which allows govern-
ments, donors and other stakeholders
to articulate priorities for
development assistance through a
coherent framework within which
components are interlinked and
aimed towards achieving the same
goals. It permits all donors, under
government leadership, to effec-
tively contribute to the realization of
national development objectives.
Cch tip cn ca chngtrnh
Mt qu trnh cho php Chnh ph,cc nh ti tr v cc i tc khcxc nh cc u tin h trphttrin thng qua mt khung chngtrnh r rng trong cc cu phn
c lin kt vi nhau nhm t cnhng mc tiu ging nhau. N chophp tt c cc nh ti tr, vi s cho ca Chnh ph, gp phn thchin cc mc tiu pht trin quc giamt cch c hiu qu.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
45/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
45
Programme theory
An approach for planning and
evaluating development interven-
tions. It entails systematic and cumu-lative study of the links between
activities, outputs, outcomes, impact
and contexts of interventions. It
specifies upfront how activities will
lead to outputs, outcomes and
longer-term impact and identifies the
contextual conditions that may affect
the achievement of results.
L thuyt chng trnhMt phng php tip cn lp khoch v nh gi can thip. N yucu nghin cu mt cch c h thngv tch ly mi lin quan gia cchot ng, u ra, kt qu, tc ng,v bi cnh ca can thip. N nhtrc cch thc cc hot ng emli cc u ra, kt qu v tc nglu di v xc nh cc iu kin/hon cnh c thnh hng ti cckt qut c.
Project
A time-bound intervention that
consists of a set of planned,
interrelated activities aimed at
achieving defined programme
outputs.
DnCan thip c thi hn bao gm mtlot cc hot ng c lp khoch, c lin quan vi nhau nhmt c u ra ca chng trnh.
Project evaluation
Evaluation of an individual
development intervention designed
to achieve specific objectives
within specified resources and
implementation schedules, oftenwithin the framework of a broader
programme.
Note: Cost benefit analysis is
a major instrument of project
evaluation for projects with
measurable benefits. When benefits
cannot be quantified, cost
effectiveness is a suitable approach.
nh gi dnnh gi mt can thip ring lcthit kt c cc mc tiu cth vi ngun lc v k hoch thchin c nu r, thng thng nm
trong khun kh khung hot ngca mt chng trnh ln hn.
Ghi ch: Phn tch chi ph li ch lcng c chnh ca nh gi d n khicc li ch c tho lng c. Khili ch khng th lng ha c thchi ph hiu qu s l mt cch tipcn ph hp cho vic nh gi.
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
46/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
46
Project or programme
objective
The intended physical, financial,
institutional, social, environmental,
or other development results to
which a project or programme is
expected to contribute.
Mc tiu ca chngtrnh/dnCc kt qu d kin v vt cht, tichnh, th ch, x hi, mi trnghoc kt qu khc m chng trnhhoc d n sng gp vo.
Proxy measure or indicator
A variable used to stand in for onethat is difficult to measure directly.
Ch s/o lng thay th
Bin s dng i din cho mt ilng no kh o lng trc tipc.
Purpose
The publicly stated objectives of the
development programme or project.
Mc chCc mc tiu c xc nh cngkhai ca mt d n hoc chngtrnh pht trin.
Qualitative evaluation
A type of evaluation that is primarily
descriptive and interpretative, and
may or may not lend itself to
quantification.
nh gi nh tnhMt loi nh gi ch yu mang tnhmiu t v din gii, c th hockhng th lng ha c.
Qualitative data
Information that is not easily
captured in numerical form
(although qualitative data can be
quantified). Qualitative data
typically consist of words and
normally describe people's opinions,knowledge, attitudes or behaviours.
Dliu nh tnhThng tin khng d thu thp cdi dng cc con s /s liu (mcd d liu nh tnh c th lng hac). c trng ca s liu nhtnh l ngn t v thng m t
kin, s hiu bit, thi hoc hnhvi ca con ngi.
Q
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
47/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
47
Quality assurance
Quality assurance encompasses any
activity that is concerned with
assessing and improving the meritor the worth of a development
intervention or its compliance with
given standards.
Note: Examples of quality assur-
ance activities include appraisal,
RBM, reviews during imple-
mentation, evaluations, etc.
Quality assurance may also referto the assessment of the quality of
a portfolio and its development
effectiveness.
m bo cht lngVic nh gi v ci thin gi trhoc tnh hu ch ca mt can thiphoc m bo tun thng cc tiuchun ra.
Ghi ch: V d v cc hot ng mbo cht lng bao gm thm nh,qun l da trn kt qu, r sot thchin, nh gi
m bo cht lng cng c th l
lng gi cht lng ca mt danhmc cc can thip v hiu qu can.
Quantitative data
Information measured or measurable
by, or concerned with, quantity and
expressed in numerical form.
Quantitative data typically consists
of numbers.
Dliu nh lngThng tin c o lng hoc c tho lng bng s lng v c thhin di dng s hc. c trngca s liu nh lng l cc con s.
Quantitative evaluation
A type of evaluation involving the
use of numerical measurement and
data analysis based on statisticalmethods.
nh gi nh lngMt loi nh gi lin quan n vics dng cc phng php o lng
s hc v phn tch s liu da trncc phng php thng k.
Reach
The coverage (e.g., the range or
number of individuals, groups,
institutions, geographic areas; etc.)that will be affected by a
programme.
Snh hngPhm vi bao ph (v d nh s cnhn, tp th, cquan, khu vc a
l,) chu tc ng ca chngtrnh.
R
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
48/64
Glossary of terms in monitoring, evaluation and results based management
48
Recommendation
Proposal for action to be taken in a
specific circumstance, including the
parties responsible for that action.
Khuyn ngh xut cho hnh ng c thchin trong mt hon cnh c th,trong c cp n c cc bnchu trch nhim vi hnh ng y.
Relevance
The degree to which the outputs,
outcomes or goals of a programme
remain valid and pertinent as origi-
nally planned or as subsequently
modified owing to changing circum-
stances within the immediate context
and external environment of that
programme.
Tnh thch hpMc m cc u ra, kt qu hoccc mc ch ca chng trnh duytr tnh gi trng nh khi c lpk hoch ban u hoc ng nh khichnh sa do c s thay i v honcnh mi trng bn ngoi cachng trnh .
Reliability
Consistency and dependability of
data collected through repeated useof a scientific instrument or data
collection procedure under the same
conditions. Absolute reliability of
evaluation data is hard to obtain.
However, checklists and training of
evaluators can improve both data
reliability and validity.
Tnh tin cyTnh nht qun v tin cy ca s
liu thu thp c qua vic s dngcng mt cng c hay quy trnh thuthp d liu trong cc iu kin nhnhau. Kh c tht c mc tin cy tuyt i ca d liu nhgi. Tuy nhin, s dng bng kimv o to cc cn bnh gi c thci thin c tnh tin cy v tnh gi
tr ca s liu/d liu.
Research
The general field of disciplined in-
vestigation.
Nghin cuCc iu tra da theo nguyn tc.
Results
The output, outcome or impact
(intended or unintended, positiveand/or negative) derived from a
Kt quu ra, kt qu hay tc ng (c ch
hoc khng ch , tch cc v/haytiu cc) xut pht t mi quan h
7/31/2019 Glossary of Terms in Monitoring , Evaluation and Results Based Management
49/64
Cc thut ngtrong theo di, nh gi v qun l da trn kt qu
49
cause and effect relationship set
in motion