Glossary Standardished Terms

1Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü

zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼üTIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT

º²Ûm-BôP-zl-VhüADMINISTRATIVE TERMS

ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qüPUBLICATION CELL / DOE

Administration 2 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ÇtôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG2ü ¾Å-ºGm-m¤-¤ôÅ-q-»ôh-zŸÛm-hÝ-

¼ôGÅ-¼¤-¤¤-Mz-Bô¼-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚ïh-qü

‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP.ü±h-GŸÛº¤-P¼-ÁÝGÅ-Wï-VßP-hÝ-GbôP-zü1ü ±ÛG-G¤-±ÛG-±ôGÅ-fÞP-hÝ-zbP-

zºÛ-n¤-qü2ü V-ÁÅ-¼ï-ºGº-h‚ãP-zº¤-xÛÅ-

bï-fÞP-hÝ-GbôP-zü¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-hGôPÅ-ŸÝ-hP.ü hzP-V-hô¼-zº¤-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-ü¼Ûm-fP-Tm-HÛ-T-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Ç~-ºWôG-G¤-GTïÅ-Z¼-‚ïh-ÅüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-z®m-qô-hzP-Áïh- Û̂Å-z Þ̧P-Z¼-‚ïh-q-hP.ü ºFÛh-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-‚-GŸGPG-GÛ-Ç+Ý¾-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

GŸm-¾-zMãh-Ç+Ý¾-¾¤-Åï¤Å-ÁÝGÅ-Çtô¼-zº¤-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü‚ïh-ÇKô-GP-ŸÛG-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-

abandonment

abate

abbreviation

abdication

abditory

abduction

abetment

abettor

abeyance

1ü ÇtôP-zºÛ-¾Åü2ü Mz-Bô¼-xÛ¼-ºfïmü

GTôG-V-‚ïh-qü ZÝP-hÝ-GbôP-zü ƒÛ-zü1ü zÇkÝÅ-»ÛG zÇ+ÝPÅ-»ÛG2ü ±ÛG-±ôGÅ-zBåPÅ-qü

Gô-GmÅ-ºhô¼-zü

Ç~-Åü Z¼-±GÅ-‚ïh-Åü

z®m-FÛhü

PG-GÛ-zMãh-Ç+Ý¾üPm-Ç+Ý¾üzMãh-Ç+Ý¾-‚ïh-qôüPm-Ç+Ý¾-‚ïh-qôüGmÅ-Ç+zÅ-PP-ºfïmü

3Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¤±¤Å-ºWôG‚ïh-ÇKô-GP-ŸÛG-Çtï¾-Oæz-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüfôG-¤¼-ºGô-º²âGÅ-hÝÅ-mÅüuÛ¼-zbP-P¤-uÛ-Ç‰ô¤Å- Û̂-V-¾Å-n¤-q-f-hh-qü1ü ÇÀh-¤¼-¯-º²Ûm-¾G-zÇe¼-¤Û-

hGôÅ-q-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚-GŸG2ü ±ï-G»ôG-¾¤-Æô¾-¯-Gbô¼üfôG-¤-ZÛh-mÅ-Å-DÞ¾-hï-¼P-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛüô̄¤-ƒÛÅ-Å¤-hqï-hïz- Û̂-V-ÁÅ-ÇS-¤¼-Ç¨ôÅ- Û̧m-qºÛühï-GºÛ-mP-ÇSôm-mÅ-zXôh- Û̧m-qºÛü1ü zXôh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-»ÛG-GŸÛ-

ZÝP-ºyÛ-‚ïh-qü2ü Ç‰ÛP-hôm-¤-z½ÀG-q¼-zÇkÝÅ-ÅÞ-

GbôP-zü¤hô¼-zÇkÝ-zº¤-fÞP-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

ability

abinitio

abnormal

abolition

aboriginal

Above cited

above mentioned

abridge

abridgement

ºWôm-fP.ü

fôG-¤-ZÛh-mÅü ºGô-Çeôh-mÅüuÛ¼-zbP-¤Ûm-qü

1ü ¯-Gbô¼ü ÇoÝz-qü2ü ±ï-G»ôG-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-¯-

ÇoÝzüÅ-BïÅ-lô-BïÅ- Û̂ü Ghôh-¤ºÛü

GôP-Çô̈Åü

GôP-GÅ¾ü GôP-ºDôhü1ü zÇkÝÅ-qü2ü Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅ-z ô̧-zü

Ç‰ÛP-qô¼-zÇkÝ-±ß¾ü

Administration 4 º²Ûm-BôP-ümÝÅ-q-hP.ü V-ºWôG-¿e-zÞ-¤ïh-q-z ô̧-±ß¾üº²Ûm-z Þ̧P-P¤-FÛ¤Å-GbàGÅ-¾Å-G»ô¾-fzÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-mG-Tm-qü1ü GmÅ-hï¼-¤ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-Å¤-

¼P-zŸÛmü2ü ¤Û-Pô-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-Pô-zT¼-¤-fÞz-qü1ü ¼P-GÛ-¾Å-;-‚ïh-Å¼-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-

qºÛ-GP-¸G2ü ¼P-GÛ-Çkôh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¤ïh-qºÛ-Bï-zôüMãm-Gbm-mÅ-¾Å-zT¼-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅü1ü ¿eôÅ-¤ïh- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-Å¤-Pô-zô-

»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-µôGÅ-qü2ü zÆïÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-qü1ü mG-ZïÅ-Å¤-ZïÅ-Bôm-¤ïh-qºÛ-

zTh-F-OôG-qü2ü ¾Å-ºGm-¾Å-GÝ-»PÅ-GbôP-zü1ü Vß-¿e-zÞ-mP-hÝ-ÅÛ¤-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-

G¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü2ü h¤ÛGÅ-q-¾- ï̄-GTÛG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-

Åï¤Å- Û̂-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü

abrogation

absconder

absence

absentee

absenteeism

absolute

absolve

absorption

Û̄Å-¤ïh-z¸ô-±ß¾ü

Gz-‚ô¾-zü

1ü ¤ïh-qü2ü ±ôGÅ-Vhü Pô-Vhü

1ü ±ôGÅ-Vh-qü2ü Çkôh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¤ïh-qºÛ-

GP-̧ G¾Å-‚ô¾ü ¾Å-G»ô¾ü

1ü ¿eôÅ-¤ïhü V-±P-zü2ü ¿Ëh-¤ïhü

1ü h;¼-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü2ü ºGm-¾Å-Iô¾-zü

1ü ÅÛ¤-qü ºfÛ¤-qü2ü Ç‰ô¤Å-ºWâG

5Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü Gmh-hôm-G¾-ºGPÅ-Vï-z-

n¤Å-zÇkÝÅ-qºÛ-zXôh-qü2ü ¼P-¤±m-HÛ-¿kôG-¹-Çeïü ‚-

hPôÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-dôG-zbGÅ-®¤-HÛ-Pô-zô-hP-Eh-VôÅü

Gmh-hôm-GTïÅ-zbàÅ-‚ïh-qôº¤-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅ-ºGôh-¤Dmü1ü ¼ÛGÅ-qº¤-Mã-¤±m-»P-hG-

hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qü2ü n¤-hrôh-h¤-z¸P-qôºÛ-ÁïÅ-

¼z-hP-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-hzïm-qü

hGôÅ-PïÅ-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¼¤-¤Dô-vôhü1ü hzP-V-¿e-zÞ-±ß¾-¤fÞm-¤Ûm-

qº¤-¾ôG-q¼-uôh-qü2ü h¤º-ºzïzÅ-Å¤-¤fôP-VßP-

GÛÅ-±ÛG-Pm-zXôh-qüÇÀôz-IÔ-hP.ü ¤fô-ÇÀôzü G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP-Åô-ÅôºÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-m¤-hï-hG-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü1ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP-GÛ-ÁïÅ-¿km-

¤Û-Çoü

abstract

abstractor

absurd

abundance

abuse

academic

academician

1ü Ç‰ÛP-hômü2ü uÛ-¤±mü

Ç‰ÛP-hôm-ÇkÝh-qôü

1ü Mã-¤±m-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛüDÞPÅ-¾ÞP-¤ïh-qºÛü

2ü n¤-hrôh- Û̂Å-hzïm-qüVô-¤ïhü

ºzï¾-qôü ºzï¾-¿ËàG-¿ËàG

1ü ¾ôG-q¼-uôh-qü2ü h¤º-ºzïzÅ-qü

ÁïÅ-»ôm-HÛü G®ßG-¾G-GÛ

1ü G®ßG-¾G-¼z-º‚¤Å-qü2ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-hqômü

Administration 6 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-

DP-hÝ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-‚-z-Çtï¾-¤Dmü¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP-GÛ-ÇÀôz-±m-hP-ÇÀôz-¢ôP.ü¼ÛG-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP.ü1ü GŸm-HÛ-ºhôh-qº¤-zÅ¤-±ß¾-¾-

Pô-ÆâP-‚ïh-qü2ü ¾Å-;ºÛ-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-„ÀPÅ-qü3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-qü1ü Wï-¤HôGÅ-Wï-¤HôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºIô-zºÛ-Vü2ü ¥ã¼-±h-Çtô¼-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

1ü PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü2ü ¢Ûm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-hGº-

qôºÛ-PP-¾ïm-qü3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qüºhôh-„Àô-DïPÅ-qº¤-PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅüPôÅ-¾ïm-‚-ºôÅ-qºÛü1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü2ü Gô-GmÅ-hP.fôz-fP-GÅ¼-q-

academics

academy

accede

acceleration

accept

acceptability

acceptable

accession

G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-±mü

G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP.ü

1ü ºhôh-Çeàm-‚ïh-qü2ü ºGm-GmÅ-¾ïm-qü3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü

1ü ¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-Vü2ü ¥ã¼-±h-Çoôm-ÇePÅü

1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü2ü hP-hÝ-¾ïm-qü3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü

DÅ-¾ïm-ºôÅ-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

DÅ-¾ïm-¼ÞP-zºÛü1ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞmü2ü Gô-Å¼-ºDôh-qü

7Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üºfôz-fzÅü3ü hqï-¤²ôh-¿e-zÞºÛ-¤-hïz-mP-hïz-

ºGôh-‚ïh-qü1ü ¾Å-hôm-hï¼-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-¤Z¤-

ŸÝGÅ-¤ïh-ˆP-ü ¤Û-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-‚-z-z¯¤-Mã¼-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü

2ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Ÿô¼-GbôGÅ-V-ÁÅü

1ü ©Å-Bôm-m¤-ºVÛ-Aïm-º‚ãP-GŸÛºÛ-VG-ÇKôü

2ü Mã-Aïm-D-GÅ¾-¤Û-¿km-mºP-¼P-zŸÛm-ÇezÅ-¾ïGÅ- Û̂Å-‚ãP-zü

¼ï-ºhÝm-hP-;Ým-ÇÀôP-¤ïh-q¼-‚ãP-zºÛü1ü hGôÅ-hôm-GÅ¼-q-ŸÛG-¾-¼m-

qºÛ-ºHã¼-z-GbôP-zü2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼-¤Dô-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü3ü GmÅ-DP-¢Ûm-qü1ü ºôÅ-ÁÛP-º±¤Å-q¼-z ô̧-zü2ü ¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-¤fÞm-Aïm-ÇÀh-hÝ-

¢¼-zºÛ-GmÅ-DP.ü3ü zÅ¤-±ß¾-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-n¤Å-

ºIÛGÅ-ºWGÅ-‚ïh-qü

accessory

accident

accidental

accommodate

accommodation

3ü hïz-ºGôhü

1ü ‚-Pm-¤fÞm-IôGÅü2ü Þ̧¼-Çoôm-V-¾G

1ü Aïm-VG2ü ÇeïÅ-hzP.ü

ÇeïÅ-hzP-GÛ

1ü GÝ-ÁP-‚ïh-qü2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¢ô¼-zü3ü Çkôh-DP-vôh-qü

1ü GÝ-ÁP.ü2ü Çkôh-DP.ü3ü ºhÝ¤-qü

Administration 8 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¼ô¾-¤ôºÛ-¼¤-Bô¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G1ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¢PÅ-¯¾-

wÞ¾-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛü2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-q¼-

zOæzÅ-qº¤-¤WâG-Bï¾-‚Å-qºÛü1ü zÅ¤-±ß¾-¤fÞm-qü2ü ¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-IôÅ-¤fÞm-

ºWôG-±ß¾ü3ü ¼P-hzP-G®P-¤ºÛ-zhG-qôº¤-M¾-

Dz-wm-±ßm-IôÅ-¤fÞm-»ÛG-Vü1ü hï-hP-zÇeàm-bïü2ü GmP-z-vôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG3ü Bï-zô-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-zÅ¤-±ß¾-

GTÛG-bà-¤fÞm-qü¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GŸm-hP-ÇKô-zÇeàm-‚Å-bïü1ü ‚-uôh-h¤-hôm-Aïm-‚ï-ƒG-qºÛ-

hGôÅ-hôm-ºIï¾-zXôhü2ü hPÞ¾-ºw¼-vôh-±ß¼-¾ïm-hP.ü

‚ãP-ÅôP-GÛ- Û̄Å-fôüGbôP-»ôP- Û̄Å-FºÛ-hïzü1ü GŸÛ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-m¤-

GÅ¾-zÁhü2ü Mã-¤±m-ºGôh-qü

accompanist

accomplished

accord

accordance

accordingly

account

account book

account for

(¼ô¾-¤ôºÛ-)¼¤-ºhïGÅ-qü1ü ‚P-Vßz-qºÛü2ü hrÛÅ-xÛm-qºÛü

1ü „Àô-D-¤fÞm-qü2ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG-ºWôG-ÇePÅü3ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG

1ü ¤fÞm-qü2ü GmP-±ß¾ü3ü ¤-IôÅ-zÅ¤-q-GTÛG-

¤fÞmühï-hP-zÇeàm-bïü GŸÛ¼-z Þ̧P-Çeïü1ü Mã-¤±m-ºIï¾-zXôhü2ü Û̄Å-Fü

Û̄Å-hïzü1ü hïºÛ-Mã-¤±mü hïºÛ-GÅ¾-

zÁhü2ü Mã-¤±m-ºiïm-qü

9Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üBï-zôº¤-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-zzÅ-qºÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼ü1ü Mã-¤±m-GÅ¾-zÁh- Û̂-ºGm-

DÞ¼-»ôh-qºÛü2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Vïh-GÅ¾-

zÁh-‚-¼ÞP-zºÛüÛ̄Å-qºÛ-¾Å-;-Çeïü Û̄Å-F-Z¼-ºWôG-hP-ŸÛz-ºWâG-GÛ-¾Å-hômüÛ̄Å-F-Z¼-ºWôG-¾Å-hôm-HÛ-Vïh-¾Å-qüHôm-q-hP-Gô-¤±ôm-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-»ô-VÅüD-Çoôm-m¤-M-zBïh-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-Mã-hPôÅ-ºwï¾-Bïhü1ü GÅôG-ºWôG-GÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-

zMãh-¼Û¤ü2ü Mã-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞ-ºwï¾-Bïh-h¤-

GÅôG-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü1ü ¼P-‚ãP-fôm-Bïh-h¤-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¿e-

zÞ¼-º‚ãP-zü2ü ¼P-zŸÛm-ºwï¾-z-¿e-zÞ¼-º‚ãP-zü1ü ÇtäPÅ-GÅôG-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

accountability

accountable

accountancy

accountant

accoutrements

accretion

accrual

accrue

accumulation

¾ï-fôGÅü ºGm-ºFÛü

1ü ºGm-ºFÛ-»ôh-qºÛü2ü ºIï¾-¼ÞP.zºÛü

Û̄Å-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü

Û̄Å-qü

(h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-)»ô-VÅ-h ã̂Å-¤ü

ºwï¾-Bïhü

1ü GÅôG-±ß¾ü2ü ºwï¾-Bïhü

1ü ¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-º‚ãP-zü2ü ¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-ºwï¾-zü

1ü GÅôG-ºWôG

Administration 10 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü IPÅ-ºzô¼-Wï-Vï¼-ºwï¾-zºÛ-zMãh-

¼Û¤ü1ü Bôm-hP-mô¼-ºFâ¾-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü2ü ±h-bG-bG-G¤-WÛ-¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-»Ûm-

qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü1ü hPôÅ-GmÅ-hP-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-¤fÞm-qºÛü2ü Bôm-hP-mô¼-ºFâ¾-¤ïh-qºÛüVïÅ-ºxãG-q-¤ïh-q¼ü1ü GP-¸G-TÛG-¾-mG-ZïÅ-»ôh-q¼-

zXôh-qºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-Bôm-º²âGÅü

2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-¾¤-mG-Tm-»Ûm-q¼-zXôh-±ß¾ü

1ü mG-ZïÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-Bôm-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü GŸm-¾-DG-h=Û-‚ïh-qüFÛ¤Å-ºG¾-mG-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GP-¸G-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤üºzh-z ô̄m-HÛÅ-fôz-qü¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-q¼-Åôm-qºÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞüIâz-ºƒÅ-¾ïGÅ-qô-fôz-qºÛ-GP-¸G

accuracy

accurate

accurately

accusation

accuse

accused

achieve

achievement

achiever

ÇtäPÅ-GÅôG2ü ºwï¾-±ß¾ü1ü ºFâ¾-ƒ¾ü2ü bG-bG

1ü bG-bG2ü ºxãGÅ-¤ïhü¤-ºxãG-q¼ü1ü mG-ZïÅ-Bôm-º²âGÅü2ü Bôm-º²âGÅü

1ü mG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-qü2ü Bôm-º²âGÅ-qümG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-»Þ¾ü

Åôm-qü fôz-qüIâz-ºƒÅü

‚Å-XïÅ-Tmü ½‰ïh-q-Tmü

11Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü »ôh-qº¤-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-GmÅ-

¾ÞGÅ-Å¤-zhïm-q-»Ûm-q-DÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü

2ü »Û-Gï-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-º‚ô¼-¾m-vôh-qü

3ü z;º-iÛm-zÅ¤-ÁïÅ-Å¤-fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-zXôh-qü

1ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-zOæzÅ-q¼-»-¾m-m¤-¾m-ºhïzÅü

2ü z;º-iÛm-zÅ¤-ÁïÅ-Å¤-XïÅ-ÅÞ-»Û-¼P-GÛ-fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-ŸÝ-zºÛ-n¤-qü

3ü ¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-zOæzÅ-q¼-z;º-iÛm-Vï-ŸïÅ-¤±ôm-qºÛ-»-¾mü

1ü ¼P-GÛÅ-Pô-ÁïÅ-qºÛ-¤Ûü2ü Bï-zôº¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-Ç+ô¼-

HÛ-ÁïÅ-dôGÅü1ü ¼P-GÛÅ-ºzh-z ô̄m-‚Å-mÅ-

fôz-qü2ü Z¤Å-¥ôP-GÛ-¾¤-mÅ-‚ãP-zü1ü ºfôz-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG2ü fôz-qº¤-‚ãP-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü1ü ZïÅ-Bôm-z®ßGÅ-q-¾Å-Oô¾-zü2ü ¾Å-ºGm-mÅ-zÁô¾-zü3ü FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-mG-ZïÅ-Tm-¤Ûm-

acknowledge

acknowledgement

acquaintance

acquire

acquisition

acquit

1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü2ü º‚ô¼-¾m-vôh-qü3ü fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-ŸÝ-zü

1ü DÅ-¾ïmü2ü º‚ô¼-¾mü ¾m-GÅ¾ü3ü fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾ü

1ü Pô-ÁïÅü2ü MãÅ-¤Pºü

1ü Oæz-qü2ü ¥ôP-zÅ-Iâz-qü

1ü fôz-±ß¾ü2ü fôz-qü1ü Bôm-º²âGÅ-¾Å-Oô¾-zü2ü ¾Å-ºGm-¾Å-Oô¾-zü3ü ZïÅ-¤ïh-zTh-F-OôG-qü

Administration 12 º²Ûm-BôP-üqºÛ-zTh-F-OôG-qü

1ü mG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-»Þ¾-hï¼-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-q-¿e¼-HÛ-ZïÅ-q-¤ïh-qºÛ-fG-GTôhü

2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-mG-Tm-¤Ûm-q-¼-ºyôh-‚ãP-±ß¾ü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ- Û̂Å-Gbm-¾-wz-qºÛ-FÛ¤Åüºy¾-Åï¾-¼ÛP-GŸm-HÛ-¾Å-±z-‚ïh-qôüOÛG-FÛ¤Å-¯-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ZïÅ-ºGï¾-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-±ß¾üFÛ¤Å-GTôh-‚-MãºÛ-GŸÛ-¯-»ôh-qºÛü

¾Å-;¼-Èà¼-z ô̄m-hP-IâP-Á-hôh-qôüÈà¼-z ô̄m-hP-IâP-Á-hôh-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅü

‚ïh-ÇKô-‚ï-ƒG-q-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zümÝÅ-q-¿km-qº¤-ÆÛh-q-®¤-¤Ûm-q¼-h-¿eºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-qüZïm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG-GÛ-»-Zïm-hP-¹-hÝÅ-vôh-ºzz- Û̄Å-MG-‚ïh-¤Dmü

acquittal

act

acting

action

actionable

active

actively

activity

actual

actuary

1ü ZïÅ-¤ïh-zTh-Fü2ü ZïÅ-Iô¾ü

zTÅ-FÛ¤Åü¾Å-±zü(FÛ¤Å-GTôhü)¾G-zÇe¼ü

(FÛ¤Å-GTôhü)¾G-zÇe¼-ºôÅ-qºÛüOÛ¤-qôü Èà¼-qôüÈà¼-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅü OÛ¤-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅü‚-GŸG ‚ïh-ÇKôühPôÅü hôm-hPôÅü

ºGm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG- Û̄Å-qü

13Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üGmh-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-GTÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤-hïºÛ-ÇÀh-hÝü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¤fº-¤ïh-qº¤-¤Þ-¤fº-¤ïh-qüz¼-¤ºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-Vïh-hÝüF¾-zMzÅ- Û̧m-qºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-GÛ-±ôh-hqG-¼Ûm-fP-hP-hô-¤Z¤-qüGô¤Å-ºiÛÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-¿km-qüq¼-ºIï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-hqï-hïz-ÅôGÅ-Û̂-D-Çoôm-»ÛG-VühPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GbôP-ÅºÛ-»Þ¾üD-‚P-¼P-ºGÝ¾-q¼-ºhïzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-ŸÛGhGôÅ-¤Dô-Ç+ôP-fÞz-PïÅ-Å¤-ºhP-PïÅüÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-qº¤ü ¯-hôm-m¤üVôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-¿e-zÞ¼-D-Ÿï-GZÛÅ-¤ïh-Û̂-Mz-Bô¼ühPôÅ-qô-wm-±ßm-¤Z¤-hÝ-¢ô¼-‚ïh-

ad hoc

ad infinitum

ad interim

ad valorem

adaptable

addendum

addressee

addressograph

adequate

adherence

adhesive

Vïh-º²âGÅü

¤fº-»Å-q¼ü

z¼-zL¾ü¼Ûm-fP-¾-zÇ+ô¼-zºÛü

ºyôh-ºiÛÅ-fÞz-qºÛü

D-Çoômü D-Ç+ôP.ü

GbôP-»Þ¾üD-‚P-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü

ºhP-PïÅü

zTôÅ-¤Ûm-Mz-Bô¼ü zTôÅ-¤Ûm-XïÅ-ºƒP.ü

º‚¼-±Ûü

Administration 14 º²Ûm-BôP-üÛ̂-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-µÅü1ü GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-¾ôGÅ-hï-¤-fG-

qºÛü2ü Þ̧¼-¼¤-¤fº-¤±¤Å-fÞm-¤ôP-

Tmü1ü GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-z¼-ºƒï¾-zü2ü GŸÛ-GŸm-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-z¼-GmÅ-qü1ü ±ôGÅ-fïPÅ-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü2ü ºhÝ-º²ô¤Å-Å¤-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-z¼-

¤±¤Å-ºWôG-qü3ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝºÛ-¾Å-¼Û¤-hÝÅ-±ôh-

GŸm-ŸÛG-z¼-w¼-ºHPÅ-‚ïh-qü1ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-z¼-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-qü2ü hÝÅ-±ôh-GŸm-ŸÛG-z¼-xÛ¼-ºHPÅü1ü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-fôG-mÅ-fG-GTôh-

‚ïh-qü2ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-ZïÅ-Vh-GbôP-züD-¤Vß-GbàG-zÁï¼-Ç+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-HÛ-Pô-zô¼-zŸÝGÅ-bï-Gmh-hôm-hrh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qüô̄h-½‰ôG-hP-D-¤Vß-¿e-zÞºÛ-Gmh-hôm-Zm-ŸÛz- Û̂Å-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G

adjacent

adjoin

adjourn

adjournment

adjudge

adjudicate

adjudicator

1ü Zï-ºFÛÅü2ü ¤fº-£ï¾-HÛü

1ü £ï¾-zü2ü ºhzÅ-ºƒï¾-hÝ-GmÅ-qü1ü ¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü2ü z¼-GÅïP-ºWôG-qü3ü xÛ¼-zÁô¾-‚ïh-qü

1ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¤±¤Å-ºWôG2ü xÛ¼-zÁô¾ü1ü FÛ¤Å-fG-GTôh-qü2ü ZïÅ-Vh-GbôP-zü

Zm-ŸÛzü

zTh-F-GbôP-¤DmüŸ¾-¿Uï-zü

15Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-±h-GŸÛ-bG-

bG-G¤-¼m-qô-»ôP-Vïh-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qü

2ü ¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-GÅ¼-qº¤-¤Û-ºi-z-ŸÛG-¾-ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Å-‚ïh-qü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¼m-º±¤Å-z¸ô-±ß¾-¾¤-VGÅ-±ß¾ü

2ü Hôm-VÅ- Û̂-V-±h-¿e-zÞ-zNå¼-zTôÅ-zbP-Çeï-¤Û-ºi-z-z ô̧-±ß¾ü

Zïm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG-GÛ-GÝm-GÅz-fôz-VºÛ-fG-GTôh-Gmh-ÇÛ̈m-»ôP-Vïh-ŸÛz-ºWâG-hP-ºV¼-ºzÞ¾-‚ïh-¤Ûüh¤G-hqôm-ŸÛG-¾-º²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-hôm-fh-xG-¼ôGÅ-GmP-¤Dm-HÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-q-ŸÛGº²Ûm-BôP-z;ôh-OÛG-GÛ-¾Å-GmÅ-Oæz-qü1ü º²Ûm-BôP-z;ôh-OÛG-GÛ-‚-GŸG2ü GŸÝP-GÛ-¾Å-‚ïh- Û̂Å-¤P-

±ôGÅ- Û̂-¾Å-hôm-z;ôh-‚ãÅ-‚ïh-ÇePÅü

º²Ûm-BôP-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤-º²Ûm-BôP-

adjust

adjustment

adjustor

adjutant

administer

administration

administrative

1ü Ç‰ô¤-OÛG-‚ïh-qü2ü ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Å-‚ïh-qü

1ü Ç‰ô¤-OÛG2ü zTôÅ-OÛG

Ç‰ô¤-OÛG-qü

h¤G-hqôm-HÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-¼ôGÅü

º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-qü

º²Ûm-BôP.ü

º²Ûm-BôP-GÛ

Administration 16 º²Ûm-BôP-üGÛ-¾Å-ºGm-»ôh-qºÛüDÅ-¾ïm-hÝ-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-PôÅ-¾ïm-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü1ü DÅ-¾ïm-‚-¼ÞP-zºÛü2ü º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-±P-zºÛüÇÀôz-IÔ-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-Vïh-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-»ômü1ü hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾¤-zhïm-q¼-

PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü2ü mP-hÝ-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-GmP-z-

vôh-qü3ü Çkï-±m-m¤-±ôGÅ-I¾-GP-¼ÞP-hÝ-

ŸÝGÅ-MãºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-vôh-qüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¾Å-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-mP-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚ïh-hÝ-ºWâG-qºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-;Ým-uôh-ºEï¼-

±ß¾-fh-¾-ÇÀôz-Çeôm-GmP-zü2ü OÛG-ºG¾-‚ïh-¤Û-¿e-zÞºÛ-GP-¸G-

TÛG-¾-iG-mm-Vï-zºÛ-Zïm-zl-GbôP-zü

º‚ãP-Zï-zºÛ-Zïm-±zÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-hôGÅ- ô̧m-‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-zÇÀz-‚-Zïm-zlºÛ-ÇÀôz-Çeômü

admissibility

admissible

admissioncharge

admit

admittance

admonish

admonition

PôÅ-¾ïm-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

1ü DÅ-¾ïm-ºôÅ-qºÛü2ü º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-¼ÞP-zºÛüŸÝGÅ-hôhü

1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü2ü ŸÝGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWâG-qü3ü Çkï-I¾-hÝ-ºWâG-qü

ŸÝGÅ-ºfÞÅü

1ü „ÀP-hô¼-¾¤-Çeôm-qü2ü D-b-Ç+Ý¾-¿UG-‚ïh-qü

D-b-Ç+Ý¾-¿UG

17Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü m-±ôh-¤-¾ôPÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-

Ç+zÅü2ü m-GŸôm-(¾ô-13mÅ-19z¼ü)3ü ¾P-±ô-h¼-zŸÛm-q-mÅ-m¼-Åôm-

z¼-HÛ-º±¼-¾ôP-º‚ãP-zŸÛm-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü

1ü FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-GŸm-HÛ-yâ-GÝ-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-mP-¤Û¼-Z¼-bï-GÅô-BôP-‚ïh-qü

2ü DÅ-¾ïm-‚-Mã¼-ºôÅ-ºwïm-qüGŸm-HÛ-yâ-GÝ-zÞ-±z-bà-Z¼-bï-GÅô-BôP-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G1ü FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-¾ô-±h-¾ôPÅ-

qº¤-m-±ôh-ÇÛ̈m-qºÛ-Bï-zôü2ü ¾ô-zTô-zMh-h¤-Zï¼-GTÛG-¿e-

zÞ-¾ô-IPÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¾Å-ºhÅ-qºÛ-Bï-wô-¤ôü

ÇtäÅ-;-Ÿm-qº¤-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸm-D-Çoôm-zHÛÅ-bï-Bôm-Tm-z ô̧-zº¤-zÆï-Bôm-GbôP-‚ïhühPôÅ-qô-ÇtäÅ-;-¾ïGÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾-ÇtäÅ-;-Ÿm-qº¤-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸm-zÆï-zü1ü Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-TÛ-¼ÛGÅ-

1ü h¼-¾-¤-zz-qºÛü2ü GŸôm-mÝü3ü ¾P-±ô-h¼-Ç+zÅ- Û̂ü

1ü zÞ-±z-Z¼-zü2ü ¤ôÅ-ºhï¤Å-‚ïh-qü

zÞ-±z-Z¼-¤Dmü

1ü Lm-±h-¾ôPÅ-qüm¼-Åôm-qü

2ü h¼-¤ü

¿Ëhü

zÆïÅ-¿Ëhü

1ü ÇS-ºhôm-vôh-qü

adolescent

adopt

adopter

adult

adulterant

adultration

advance

Administration 18 º²Ûm-BôP-üÇS-ÇoÝ¼-HÛÅ-ºhôm-GbôP-‚ïh-qü

2ü hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-TÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-vôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

‚-hPôÅ-Å¤-‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-wm-ºƒÅü1ü D-Gbh-‚ïh-qºÛü2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-wm-zhïº¤-Dï-wm-

hP-ºG¾-¹¼-ÅôP-zºÛü¿e-z-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-D-Gbh-ÁôG-DG±ôP-ƒÛm-qô-»ôP-z-hP.ü ±ôP- ô̧G-GÛ-Eh-n¤-ºzÞ¼-ºfôm-ÇÀh-¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-‚ïh-qü±ôP-hôm-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅôüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-qüÇÀôz-Çeôm-±ôGÅ-VßP-¿e-zÞ-¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Vïh-¾¤-Çeôm-‚-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-Tmü¾¤-Çeôm-»ô-zÆP-‚-MãºÛ-ºGm-hzP-Tm-

advantage

adverse

adverse party

advertise

advertiser

advice

advise

advisory

advisory board

2ü ÇS-ºhômü

Dï-wmü hGï-¤±mü

1ü ¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü2ü ºG¾-¹ºÛü

¿kôG-xôGÅ- Û̂üxôGÅ-ºG¾-±ôGÅ-qü

Ez-zOGÅ-‚ïh-qü

Ez-zOGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü

zÇÀz-‚ü D-büzÇÀz-‚-MG-qüÇÀôz-Çeôm-ŸÝ-ÅºÛü

ÇÀôz-Çeôm-¿Ëm-MÅü

19Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üHÛ-ºhÝÅ-±ôGÅü¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-±ôGÅ-VßP.ü¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅüGmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ- ô̄h-¾ïm-m¤-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-±ß¾üFÛ¤Å-DP-mP-D-¤Vß-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-FÛ¤Å- ô̄h-qüG Þ̧GÅ-¤fôP-z½‰m-ºyÛm-m¤-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-HÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-hP-OºÛ-zl-GbôP-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-¤-¾G-¿UGÅ-Ç+Ýh-¿e-zÞ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºIïP-Mã-ŸÛGGm¤-Iâ-ºzz-Å-hP.ºwÞ¼-ÅºÛ-¿eï-GmÅ-VßP-IÅüGm¤-Iâ-GbôP-¾Å-hP.ü z ô̧-¾Å-¼ÛG-qº¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛüm¤-¤D¼-ºwÞ¼-Bôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ô-VÅü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ÁÝGÅ-mÝÅ-fïzÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-±ô¼-z-iG-qôü

advisory committee

advisory council

advocacy

advocate

aerial

aerodrome

aeronautical

aeroplane

affect

ÇÀôz-Çeôm-±ôGÅ-VßP.ü

ÇÀôz-Çeôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü

ŸÝ-GbàG GbàG-zÁï¼ü

ŸÝ- ô̄h-qü

Gm¤-Ç+Ýhü

Gm¤-fP-VßP-zü

Gm¤-Iâ-z ô̧-GbôP-GÛ

Gm¤-IâÁÝGÅ-Aïmü

Administration 20 º²Ûm-BôP-ü»ÛG-fôG-z;ôh-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-hPôÅ-zhïm-»Ûm-qºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-h¤-zTºü±ôGÅ-q-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-DôPÅ-GbôGÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Bï-zôº¤-OÛG-º²âGÅü1ü ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-qº¤-OÛG-º²âGÅ-

Vï-DG-bà-¿Ëm-ŸÝGÅ- Û̂-ºƒï¾-¾¤ü2ü ±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-mP-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-

HÛÅ-ºƒï¾-¾¤-¤¤-±ôGÅ-ŸÝGÅ-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

1ü GZïm-OÛG-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-ºƒï¾-¾¤ü

2ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zô-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-¿Ëm-BïÅ- Û̂-ºi-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅü

1ü Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Gbm-¾-ºzïzÅ-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-Gbm-¾-ºzïz-±ß¾ü

2ü GP-ŸÛG-zhïm-q-»Ûm-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-GÅ¾-zOGÅü

1ü Gbm-¾-ºzïzÅ-qº¤-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qºÛü

2ü zÅ¤-„ÀôºÛ-ºEï¼-ÇePÅ-Å¤-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-qºÛü

zÞh-¤ïh-h¤-IPÅ-ZÝP-±ôGÅ-Çkï-DG-GÛ-

affidavit

affiliate

affiliation

affinity

affirmation

affirmative

affirmativeaction

ºzº-»ÛG

ºƒï¾-DôPÅü

1ü ºƒï¾-DôPÅ-PôÅ-¾ïmü2ü ºƒï¾-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-qü

1ü GZïm-OÛG-ºƒï¾-zü2ü ¤±ßPÅ-VôÅü

1ü »Ûm-q¼-Oæz-qü2ü zhïm-±ß¾-GÅ¾-zOGÅü

1ü »Ûm-q¼-Oæz-qºÛü2ü Mz-Bô¼-HÛü

¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-HÛü

Ç¨m-qºÛ-‚-GŸG

21Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üDôPÅ-ÅÞ-GbôGÅ-q-n¤Å-¾-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-hP-¾Å-;ºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-ÇS¼-¿ËG-»¼-MÅ-GbôP-MãºÛ-ºzh-z ô̄m-mm-qôühPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-wm-±ßm-OôG-q-hP-¤fÞh-qü »P-m-hïºÛ-ÇeïP-D-Çoôm-MG-qü1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-‚-Mãº¤-hPôÅ-qô-

GP-ŸÛG-Zô-Vïh-hÝ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-¤fÞm-Aïm-»ôh-qü

2ü „ÀôÅ-GbôP-wôh-qüÅ-ÇeôP-P¤-ŸÛP-Å-ÁÛP-mGÅ-ÅÞ-zNå¼-zü1ü ±ï-G»ôG-G¤-ƒm-G»ôG-¾¤-

¾ÞGÅ-¿e-zÞ-mÅ-¼P-hzP-¢Ûm-qü2ü ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwP-MãºÛ-fôz-fP-vôh-qüÇSôm-hÝ-zXôh- Û̧m-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-züGÅ¼-hÝü »P-zB¼ü zB¼-hÝüZÛm-hGÝP-Vß-±ôh-zTß-GZÛÅ-»ô¾-zºÛ-XïÅ- Û̂ühÝÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-XïÅ-¾ü

affix

afford

afforestation

affranchise

aforesaid

afresh

afternoon

afterward

¤Z¤-¢¼ü Ám-¢¼ü

1ü ºIô-Iôm-GbôP-fÞz-qü2ü „ÀôÅ-GbôP-fÞz-qü

mGÅ-±¾-ºhïzÅ-º²âGÅü

1ü ¼P-hzP-¢Ûm-qü2ü ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-fôz-fP-vôh-qü

ÇS¼-Ç¨ôÅ-qºÛü

ÇÀ¼-»P.üxïh-»ô¾ü ZÛm-Mzü

xÛÅ-ÅÞü XïÅ-Åô¼ü

Administration 22 º²Ûm-BôP-üD-Gbh- Û̂-xôGÅ-ÅÞü¾ô-m-Lm-ºDôGÅ-hP.ü h¼-»ô¾-¾-h¤º-ºzïzÅ- Û̂-¿e-±ß¾ü±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¿e-zÞ¼-IôÅ-zÇkÝ¼-Vïh-ºEï¼-MãºÛ-hôm-Gmh-DG1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤Ûº¤-Pô-±z-

¤±ôm-q¼-‚ïh-qü2ü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-hôm-HÛ-

¤Û-ºIôfôz-Gô-Åº¤-¤±m-Ç‰mü Mã-mô¼-ÅôGÅ-GôP-Çtï¾-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü GŸm-¾-zÅÞm-ÇoP-hP-Fô-z-ÇÀôP-z¼-

‚ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-ºfh-qºÛ-;Ým-uôhü2ü h;º-P¾-Wï-Vï¼-¼¤-mh-GŸÛ-Wï-

ÇkÝG-bà-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü hPôÅ-qô-¤P-qô-GôP-zÞ¼-xôGÅ-qº¤-

ºhÝÅ-qü2ü IPÅ-ºzô¼-f¤Å-Th-GTÛG-bà-

zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-Eôm-ºzô¼ü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkïz-qºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-iP-zhïm-‚Å-¤-‚ãP-

against

ageism

agenda

agent

aggrandizement

aggravation

aggregate

aggregation

aggrieved

¿kôG-xôGÅ-ÅÞüm-±ôh-h‚ï-º‚ïhü

IôÅ-GŸÛü

1ü Pô-±zü2ü GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-‚ïhü

¤Pº-fP-GôP-ºwï¾ü

1ü ç̄z-uôhü2ü Wï-ÇkÝG-bà-GbôP-±ß¾ü

1ü wÞP-qô¼-ºhÝ-zü2ü Eôm-zÇkô¤Åü

wÞP-GÅôG ¤Z¤-Çkïzü

1ü „Àô-w¤ü »Ûh-Vhü

23Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üÇ‰¤-qºÛ-±ô¼-zü

2ü iP-zhïm-¤-»Ûm-qº¤-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-‚-GŸG-GÛÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-hô-wôG-‚ãP-zºÛ-ŸÝ-ºzôhü

1ü ½‰ôG- Û̧P-ÇÀôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-½‰ôG- Û̧P-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

2ü ô̄h-GŸÛ¼-Hã¼-zºÛ-uÛ-±ôGÅ-Å¤-Vz-ÆÛh- Û̂-Gmh-hôm-fh-¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-Ç+Ý¾-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-fzÅü

uÛ-±ôGÅ-mP-ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-½‰ôG-i-¿e-zÞ-z ô̧-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸GÅô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Å-Å¤-IôP-GÅïz- Û̂-Gmh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛüM¾-Dz-z¤-GP-¸G-wm-±ßm-Gmh-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-fôG-GZÛÅ-¤ôÅ- Û̂Å-zŸG-qºÛ-Gm-MüÅ-ŸÛP-ºhïzÅ-¾Å- Û̂-¾Å-;1ü GŸm-¾-¼ôGÅ-q-hP-Mz-Bô¼-

‚ïh-qü2ü ¼ôGÅ-¼¤-hP-Mz-Bô¼üGm¤-h¤G-GÛ-Gm¤-Iâ-ºzz-fP-hP.ü h¤G-ÇK¼-Í-¤ü

agitation

agitator

agrarian

agreement

agriculture

aid

air base

2ü GhÝP-zÅ-môm-qºÛü

1ü Û̧P-ÇÀôP.ü2ü Ç+Ý¾-ÇÀôP.ü

Û̧P-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-qôüÛ̧P-ÇÀôP-¤DmüÅô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Å- Û̂ü

IôÅ-¤fÞmü ¤fÞm-IôÅü

ŸÛP-¾Åü1ü ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-‚ïh-qü2ü ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼ü

Gm¤-h¤G-¿eï-GmÅü

Administration 24 º²Ûm-BôP-üGm¤-Iâ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-h¤G-ºfz-‚ïh-qºÛ-hqÞP-ÇkïüGm¤-IâºÛ-mP-ºIâ¾-q¼-¤Iôm-zhG-GÛ-zÅÞ-z-ŸzÅ-bôG-Oæz-¤Dm-zÞh-¤ïhüGm¤-fôG-GbP-MãºÛ-£G-»ÛGm¤-¤D¼-ºwÞ¼-Bôh-fÞz-qºÛ-Iâ1ü Zïm-±zÅ-»ôh-q-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-‚ãP-Aïm-

HÛÅ-JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP.ü2ü Zïm-D-»ôP-GÛ-»ôh-qºÛ-zl-GbôP-züz Û̧-D-Tm-HÛ-zbàP-z-VP-hP-Í-¼G-GÛ-¼ÛGÅüIôP-Çkï-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-GôP-¤ºÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-ŸÛG1ü hô-ÇoP-G¸z-mm-¤Þ-¤fÞh-vôh-qºÛ-‚-

¼Û¤ü2ü G¸z-mm-HÛÅ-ÇKô-mÅ-hô-ÇoP-vôh-qüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-hPôÅ-¤ÛP-GÛ-±z-bà-zïh-uh-qºÛ-¤ÛP-GŸm-ŸÛG1ü ¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚-»Þ¾-hï-GºÛ-¤Û-

Åï¼-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-Bï-zôü2ü »Þ¾-¾ÞP-GŸm-HÛü

air force

air hostess

air mail

aircraft

alarm

alcohol

alderman

alertness

alias

alien

Gm¤-h¤G ¤Dº-h¤G

Gm¤-ºIâ¾-Ÿ¾-b-¤ü

Gm¤-£GGm¤-Iâ1ü ºiôG-ºGô2ü Zïm-zl-GbôP-zü

VP-¼G

Lm-qôü1ü zG- ô̧mü2ü OÛ¤-qôü

¤ÛP-GŸmü

1ü »Þ¾-Çkôh-xÛ-¤Ûü2ü xÛ-M¾-HÛü

25Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üzhG-hzP-GŸm-¾-ºwô-¾ïm-‚-ºôÅ-qºÛü1ü Åï¤Å-ºVô¾-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-Åï¤Å-

º±ô-¤- Û̧m-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü2ü IôGÅ-ºiÛÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-q¼-¾ôGÅ-

ÅÞ-h‚ï-zºÛ-‚-GŸG1ü Çkï-DG-ÁôG-OÛ¾-¾¤-Gô-¼Û¤-

OÛG-ÇePÅü2ü ¿Ëà-¾G-ÅôGÅ-fh-;¼-OÛG-

ÇePÅü1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-z®ßGÅ-qºÛ-

¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-Bôm-º²âGÅü2ü zhïm-q-hG-Bï¾-‚-MãºÛ-I-

OÛG-»ôh-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-ŸÛG-DÅ-¾ïm-qº¤-¤Û-¾ïm-qºÛ-zXôh-qü

1ü »Ûm-q¼-DÅ-ºVï-»P-DÞPÅ-Bï¾-¼-vôh-¤-fÞz-qºÛü

2ü Gmh-hôm-hôôGÅ-GŸÛ-TmüºzPÅ-¤Û-Åï¼-n¤Å- Û̂Å-Åô-ÅôºÛ-M¾-Dz-¾-zTPÅ-qºÛ-hGº-Ÿïm-hP-¾-Mü1ü wm-±ßm-¤fÞm-xô‡-zOÛ¾-qº¤-

xôGÅ-zOÛ¾-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

alienable

alienation

alignment

allegation

alleged

allegiance

alliance

zhG-hzP-ºwô-¾ïm-¼ÞP-zºÛü

1ü ¼ÛG-º±ô-¤- Û̧m-qüºxô-zü

2ü D-H¼-zü

1ü xôGÅ-OÛ¾ü2ü Ç‰ô¤-OÛG

1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅü2ü Ç‰ôm-º²âGÅü

1ü zOGÅ-qºÛü2ü hôGÅ-GŸÛ-Tmü

Á-Ÿïmü

1ü xôGÅ-OÛ¾ü2ü ¤mº-ºƒï¾ü

Administration 26 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-zOæz-

Vïh-¤Û-Çkïº¤-M¾-Dz-wm-±ßm-hz¼-¤Z¤-¤fÞm-‚-Mã¼-zŸG-qºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-¤fÞm-IôÅü

1ü ¤fÞm-±ôGÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-qº¤-xôGÅ-GbôGÅ-ÅÞ-£ï¾-zºÛü

2ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG-G¤-¤fÞm-IôÅ- Û̂Å-£ï¾-zºÛü

1ü hGôÅ-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-bï-̧ Þ¼-ºWôG-‚Å-qºÛ-fôz-Vü

2ü V-zGôÅ-Å¤-zGô-ºIï¤Å- Û̂-‚-GŸG

‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-fôz-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G1ü ‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ºG¾-¹º¤-

ºGôG-Çkô¤-¤Û-‚ïh-qü2ü z;º-ºFô¾-GmP-züPôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-ºôÅ-qº¤-VôG-¤Vm-vôh-¼ÞP-ü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-

GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-zºÛ-Ç+zÅ-Û̂-‚ãP-zü

2ü Hôm-VÅ- Û̂-V-±h-¿e-zÞ-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

1ü ¤fÞm-xôGÅ- Û̂ü2ü IôÅ-¤fÞm-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛü

1ü Þ̧¼-zThü2ü zGô-zÁºü zGô-ºIï¤Åü

zGô-»Þ¾ü

1ü ‚ïh-hÝ-ºWâG-qü2ü GmP-z-vôh-qü

VôG-qºÛü

1ü ºHã¼-¿kôG2ü z ô̧-zTôÅü3ü zTôÅ-zNå¼ü

allied

allocation

allottee

allow

allowable

alteration

27Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü3ü zB¼-zTôÅ-Å¤-zNå¼-zTôÅ-

GbôP-±ß¾üwm-±ßm-Gb¤-Pm-Áôh-¼ïÅ- Û̂- ô̄h-JÀïP.ü1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-zXï-¼ïÅ-̂ ÛÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü zXï-¾ïm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-‚ãP-zü3ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-hôm-Gô-±P-z-

Oæz-ÇÀh-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-Bï-zô-GTÛG-GÛ-Gô-Å¼-GŸm-¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-ÅÞ-ºWôG-qü

1ü Gh¤-;-hP-¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ- Û̂ü2ü hPôÅ-qô-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hÝ-¤ºÛ-Fôh-

Û̂-Gh¤-;GTÛG-GÛ-Gô-Å¼-GTÛG-ºWôG-qº¤-hïºÛ-±z-bàü1ü ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GŸm-hP-hPÞ¾-Vß-

¤Z¤-zÆïÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü GôP-zÞ-V-±P-z-GTÛG-Iâz-qºÛ-

Vïh-hÝ-¹-OÛ¾-zü¼ÛGÅ-¼ÞÅ-wm-±ßm-ºiï-±ß¾ü1ü Nå-¯¾-hP.ü ±m-¯¾ü ï̄h-

¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-hGº-Ÿïm-HÛÅ-ºWâG-qºÛ-GP-¸G

altercation

alternate

alternative

alternatively

amalgamate

amalgamation

amateur

D-º²ÛP.ü D-ºFâG

1ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ- Û̂Å-‚ãP-zü3ü zXï-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü

1ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ- Û̂ü2ü Gh¤-;

¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-‚Å-bïü Çtï¾-¤¼ü

1ü hPÞ¾-Vß-hP-Æï-¢ô¼-‚ïh-qü2ü ¤Z¤-hÝ-¢ô¼-zü

¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-¤Z¤-ºiïÅühP-Ÿïm-qü

Administration 28 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü hÝÅ-±ôh-ºhº-‚ïh-hÝ-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-P¤-

ï̄h-¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-ºWâG-qºÛ-Bï-zôü1ü Gô-hôm-GZÛÅ-Å¤-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¤P-z-

»ôh-ÆÛh-qºÛü2ü zXôh-hôm-D-GÅ¾-¤ïh-qºÛü1ü »¼-MÅ-Å¤-Wï-¾ïGÅ- Û̂-ºHã¼-z-

GbôP-zü2ü FÛ¤Å-z ô̧ºÛ-Gmh-hôm-¿e-zÞ¼-Çoôm-

ºyÛ-Çtô¼-GTôG-zHÛÅ-bï-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-zü

1ü „Àô-¾-ºfh-qº¤-ÇoP-z-ºIô-zôºÛ-Eh-VôÅü

2ü xÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-zhï-z¼-IôGÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-V-Aïmü

¤fÞm-ºƒï¾-hP-IôGÅ-ºiÛÅ- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-¿km-qºÛü1ü ¤ï-¤hº-hP-¤ï-NôGÅ- Û̂Å-ºwïm-

MãºÛ-¤hïºÞü2ü ¤Û-ºzô¼-Vïm-qô-Çkïz-GÅôh-‚ïh-q¼-

¤±ôm-V-¿e-zÞ-zïh-uôh-GbP-MãºÛ-lÝ¾-ym-hP.ü µÅ-ºHã¼ü Bï-hPôÅ-y-¤ôºÛ-µÅ-¼ÛGÅü

1ü FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-z-n¤Å-¾-ZïÅ-Vh-VG-»P-GbôP-zºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü

ambiguous

amend

amenity

amicable

ammunition

amnesty

1ü Gô-hôm-¤P-zºÛü2ü GÅ¾-D-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü ¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü zB¼-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü

1ü »Ûh-hÝ-ºôP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü2ü ¤fÞm-Aïmü

¤²º-¤fÞm-HÛü

1ü µÅ-¤hï¾ü2ü ¤±ôm-Vü

1ü ZïÅ-»P-hÝÅ-»Þmü2ü ZïÅ-Vh-VG-»P.ü

29Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-

ÇKô-mÅ-ZïÅ-q-GÝ-»P-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

IPÅ-¤P-ZÝP-P¤-Eôm-Vï-VßP-GÛ-±hüJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-¾-zdïm-qºÛ-zl-¾m-HÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Çtô¼-‚ïh- Û̂-JÀôG-GÛ-»ô-‚hü1ü ºzï¾-qôºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Å¤-¼P-

zŸÛmü2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¾Å-¤P-zºÛ-ºzô¼üh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-GÁG-zTôÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-@P-¾G-»ôPÅ-µôGÅ-Å¤-V-ÁÅ-GTôh-ºƒïG-‚ïh-±ß¾ü1ü Gmh-hôm-ºGº-¼ï-ºi-¤±ßPÅ-

»Ûm-qºÛü2ü º‚ãP-DÞPÅ-hP-Oô¤-GŸÛ-¤Û-

¤±ßPÅ-̂ P-‚ïh-¾Å-¤±ßPÅ-qü1ü ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-ŸÛz-y-»ôP-ÇÀh-ŸÛz-

ºWâG-G¤-hrh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qü2ü Iâz-VºÛ-µÅ-Å¤-G¾-VïºÛ-V-

ÁÅ-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-zü1ü w-GŸÛÅ-¿e-zÞ-GP-mÅ-¾ïm-ÅºÛ-

GP-¸G2ü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-DÞPÅ-

amount

amplifier

amplitude

amputation

analogous

analyse

ancestor

Eôm-ºzô¼ü ºzô¼üÇtô¼-‚ïhü

1ü ºzï¾-¿ËàG-¿ËàG2ü ºzï¾-qôü

»m-¾G-GTôh-ºƒïG

1ü V-®¤-ºi-zºÛü2ü ‚ïh-¾Å-®¤-ºi-zºÛü

1ü h‚ï-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qührh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qü

2ü V-Åô-Åô¼-º‚ïh-qü

1ü ¤ïÅ-qôü2ü w-¤ïÅü

Administration 30 º²Ûm-BôP-üºhïh-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GP-¸G

1ü M-¤±ôºÛ-¤f¼-Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-ºhôGÅ-ÅºÛ-GmÅü

2ü Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-dôh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-zbGÅ-qºÛ-JÀ-ºzzü

1ü ¾Å-;¼-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü2ü GmÅ-¼Û¤-ºôG-¤üd-¾ÞG-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-ÇKô-xãGÅ-Åï¤Å-Tm-n¤Å-Bï-Çtï¾-‚ïh-qü1ü ÇkP- Þ̧G-iG-qô-º‚ãP-GŸÛºÛ-Åï¤Å-

±ô¼ü2ü ÇkP-Åï¤Å- Û̂-±ô¼-zº¤-‚-uôhü1ü ºDôm-qºÛ-Åï¤Å-±ô¼ü2ü Ÿï-ÇkP-iG-qôºÛ-„Àôü¤-DP-ŸÛG-M-Bïh-GbôP-zºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Mz-qºÛ-DP-qü1ü ¯-¤ïh-GbôP-±ß¾-HÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-¤¤-‚-GŸG2ü GP-ŸÛG-¯-Gbô¼-zbP-zºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-zTô¤-qü‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-¾ô-¼ï-ºDô¼-zºÛ-hÝÅ-¤±¤Åü

anchorage

ancillary

animalhusbandry

animosity

animus

annexe

annihilation

anniversary

1ü zdôh-Åü2ü dôh-JÀü

1ü ¾G-G»ôG2ü GÁ¤-ºôGÇKô-xãGÅ-GÅô-BôP.ü

1ü ºDôm-Åï¤Åü2ü ÇkP-Åï¤Åü

1ü ºDôm-º²Ûmü2ü ÇkP-º²ÛmüGŸôGÅ-DP.ü zÞ-DP.ü

1ü ¯-Gbô¼ü2ü ¯-ÇeôPÅü

¾ô-ºDô¼-hÝÅ-imü

31Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üºIï¾-zÁh-hP- Þ̧¼-¤Vm-ºGôh-±ß¾üGmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-Vïh-Çtï¾-zºÛ-zl-Ezü1ü GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Ez-zOGÅ-

‚ïh-¤Dmü2ü ½ÀâP-ºyÛm-hP.ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-

ÅôGÅ- Û̂-‚ïh-ÇKô-Pô-vôh-‚ïh-¤ÛüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ÅÞm-qôº¤-½‰ôG-i-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚-GŸG¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP- Û̄Å-Füº²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-Ç‰m-fôü

¾ô-¼ïºÛ-hPÞ¾- Û̄Å-GmÅ-ÇePÅ- Û̂-Û̄Å-ÁôGhÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Ç‰m-fôü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-zB¼-ŸÛzü1ü ¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-xôGÅ-zÇkô¤Å-

wôGÅ-Å¤-»ôP-ºzzü

annotation

announcement

announcer

annoyance

annual account

annualadministrativereport

annual financialstatement

annual report

annual review

annuity

¤Vm-ºIï¾üGÅ¾-zOGÅü

1ü GÅ¾-zOGÅ-qü2ü ¾Å-¼Û¤-Pô-vôh-qü

ÅÞm-G®ï¼ü

¾ô-ºDô¼- Û̄Å-Fü¾ô-ºDô¼-º²Ûm-BôP-Ç‰m-fôü

¾ô-ºDô¼-hPÞ¾- Û̄Å- Û̂- Û̄Å-ÁôG

¾ô-ºDô¼-Ç‰m-fôü

¾ô-ºDô¼-zB¼-ŸÛzü

1ü ¾ô-ºzzü2ü ¾ô-¼ïºÛ-¾ôG-ºzzü

Administration 32 º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü ¤-º²âGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-

Bïh-;-fï-zºÛ-¾ô-¼ïºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzüFÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ- Û̄Å-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü1ü uÛ-Ç‰ô¤Å-Å¤-±h-GŸÛ-hP-ºG¾-

zºÛ-Vü2ü uÛ¼-zbP-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-GP-¸G1ü ¤ÛP-¤ïh-qºÛü2ü ÅÞ-»Ûm-¤ÛP-¬ôÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-GP-¸G-

ŸÛG-mÅüiÛ-¾m-ºƒÛ-ÅºÛ-hïzüiÛ-¾m-ºƒÛ-ÅºÛ-ÁôG-zÞü1ü ¾Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGm-hzP-»ôh-qºÛ-

PP-±ß¾ü2ü ¾m-ºhïzÅ- Û̂-ºGm-ºFÛ-»ôh-qºÛ-

GmÅ-ÇePÅüD-q¼-zMãh-mÅ-O-wz-hP-zl-¾m-vôh-‚ïh- Û̂-ºyâ¾-VÅüGŸm-hP-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-¼¤-D-Gbh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G‚-hPôÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-ÇSôm-hÝ-‚ãP-zº¤-ºIô-zºÛü

mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü1ü uÛ-hP-¤Û-Ç‰ô¤Å-qü2ü ;Ým-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-GP-¸G

1ü ¤ÛP-¤ïh-qºÛü2ü ¤ÛP-¬ôÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü

¾m-hïzü¾m-ÁôG1ü ºGm-ºDÞ¼ü2ü ¾m-ºGm-»ôh-qºÛ-GmÅ-

ÇePÅü

¾m-ºhïzÅ-ºyâ¾-VÅü

D-Gbh-qü

ÇS-GmÅ- Û̂ü

annul

anomaly

anonymous

answer book

answer sheet

answerability

answeringmachine

antagonist

antecedent

33Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üantedated

antedated cheque

anticipatedexpenditure

anticipated income

anticipated profit

anticipated saving

anticipation

antique

antiquity

apartheid

¹-±ïÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛü

¹-±ïÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛ-TïG-º²ÛmüÇSôm-hqG-ºIô-Iômü

ÇSôm-hqG-»ôP-ºzzüÇSôm-hqG-Dï-ºzzüÇSôm-hqG-GÅôG-ºWôG1ü ¼ï-ºhÝmü2ü ÇSôm-hqG

Gmº-zôºÛü Gmº-¼zÅ- Û̂ü

1ü ÇS-¼zÅü2ü ½‰ÛP-Z¤Åü

¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-mG-h‚ï-º‚ïh-( Û̂-ÆÛh-WâÅü)

hPôÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP-MãºÛ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-¾Å-ÇS-z¼-z;ôh-qºÛü±ïÅ-IPÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛ-TïG-º²Ûmü¼ôz- Û̄Å-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-ºIô-ÅôP.ü

¼ôz- Û̄Å-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-»ôP-ÇKôü¼ôz- Û̄Å-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-Dï-z¸P.ü¼ôz- Û̄Å-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-GÅôG-ºWôG1ü ¼ï-z-zMz-qº¤-±ôh-hqG-‚Å-

qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü2ü Mã-¤±m-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdïm-qºÛ-

ÇSôm-±ßh- Û̂-±ôh-hqGGmº-zôºÛ-hÝÅ-mÅ-‚ãP-zº¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü1ü Gmº-hÝÅ-bïü h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-

hÝ-hÝÅ-¼zÅ-z¼-¤ºÛ-ÇS-¼ô¾-hÝ-‚ãP-zü

2ü Gmº-zôº¤-½‰ÛP-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅü¿Ëô-Íw-¼Û-;ºÛ-mP-¾G-zÇe¼-‚Å-qºÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-mG-h‚ï-º‚ïh- Û̂-

Administration 34 º²Ûm-BôP-ü

apathy

apex

apology

apparatus

apparent

appeal

appearance

vô-ÇoP-Ÿm-qü

1ü »P- ï̄ü2ü ¤f¼-fÞG

z ô̧h-GÅô¾ü hGôPÅ-Åï¾ü

»ô-‚hü ¤Dô-VÅü

1ü n¤-q¼-GÅ¾-zºÛü2ü ¤Pôm-ÅÞ¤-HÛü1ü ŸÝ-ºzôh-‚ïh-qü2ü GôP-ŸÝ-‚ïh-qü

1ü xÛ-±ß¾ü2ü ÇoP-±ß¾ü

ÆÛh-WâÅüGmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-hô-ÇoP-hP-Åï¤Å-±ô¼-¤ïh-qü1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-¤fô-ÁôÅü2ü Gb¤-zXôh-¿e-zÞºÛ-¤fô-½ÀzÅ- Û̂- ï̄-

¤ôüwôG-fÞG-G¤-mô¼-ºFâ¾-‚ãP-¼ÛGÅ-¾-ºHôh-Åï¤Å-Å¤-hGôPÅ-hG-fÞGÅ-zhïm-ŸÝ-±ß¾ü‚ïh-ÇKô-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-zOæz-ÇÀh-hÝ-z;ô¾-MãºÛ-Vïh-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-hPôÅ-VÅü1ü »Ûh-hP-hzP-qô¼-GÅ¾-qô-ºV¼-zºÛü2ü zhïm-qº¤-¤Pôm-ÅÞ¤-hÝ-ÇoP-zºÛü1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-Vïh-²-

iG-ºzôh-Ç+Ý¾-‚ïh-qü2ü FÛ¤Å-DP-ºôG-¤-ŸÛG-mÅ-fG-

zTh- Û̧m-qºÛ-D-¤Vß-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-Å-GôP-¤¼-zB¼-hÝ-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-qü

1ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-xÛºÛÇoP-±ß¾ü

2ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾-¾¤-ºV¼-±ß¾ü

35Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üappeasement

append

appendix

appliance

applicability

applicable

applicant

application

1ü Pô-ÆâP.ü2ü ŸÛ-fzÅ-Pô-ÆâP.ü

D-Çoôm-MG-qü Çoôm-qü

1ü ¿Ëm-fzÅü2ü Mã-¿ËG

»ô-‚hü

¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zºÛü ºWâG-qºÛü¾G-zÇe¼-¼ÞP-zºÛüÇ‰m-ŸÝ-ºzÞ¾-¤Ûü

Ç‰m-ŸÝü

1ü ºhôh-„Àô-Ç+ôP-fzÅ- Û̂-‚-GŸG2ü wm-±ßm-ŸÛ-¤fÞm-¿ËÛP-ºWGÅ-

GmÅ-fzÅ-ÅÞ-hI-zôº¤-z®m-Áïh-Tm-HÛ-¤Pôm-ºhôh-Ç+ôP-fzÅ- Û̂-ÆÛh-‚ãÅü

GP-ŸÛG-D-Çoôm-HÛ-±ß¾-hÝ-¢ô¼-zº¤-¤fÞh-qü1ü hïz- Û̂-¤WâG-bà-z;ôh-qºÛ-D-Çoôm-

HÛ-¯ô¤-OÛG-Mã-Vü2ü Mã-¤-hP-¾ôP-G-GZÛÅ-ºƒï¾-

¤±¤Å-mÅ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-m¼-zºÛ-¸Å-Ç+ô¤-¤Û-Mã-zºÛ-Mã-¤-y-¾-fÞP-z-ŸÛG

¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-Oæz-Vïh- Û̂-ºyâ¾-VÅ-Å¤-»ô-VÅü¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zº¤-ºWâG-qôºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü¾G-zÇe¼-Vïh-uôh-fÞz-qºÛü

¾Å-;-hPü Gô-GmÅü º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚-Mã-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-Ç‰m-ŸÝ-ºzÞ¾-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸GGôP-¼Û¤-hP-¾Å-GmÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-»Û-Gï

Administration 36 º²Ûm-BôP-üÇ‰m-ŸÝ-ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-Gmh-hôm-ºGôh-ÅºÛ-ÁôG-¿Ëïü¾Å-Çoïº¤-Gô-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-bà-zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-GP-¸G1ü ¾Å-Çoï-¿e-zÞ¼-zÇ+ô-º²âGÅü2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-GmÅ-

GP-hÝ-fÞG-ºyh-‚-MãºÛ-hÝÅ-z;G-z ô̧-zü

¾Å-Çoï-¿e-zÞ¼-zÇ+ô-º²âGÅ- Û̂-»Û-Gï

Ç+¾-zº¤-hÝ¤-zÞ¼-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-±ß¾ü1ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GôP-±h-h¤-

¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅü2ü ¾ïGÅ-ZïÅ-¿e-zÞ-h‚ï-º‚ïh-̂ Û-hrh-qü1ü ¼Ûm-fP-fG-GTôh-h¤-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-

‚ïh-qü2ü Mã-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-fP-P¤-

ÇtäÅ-;ü »P-m-Eôm-ºzô¼-±ôh-hqG-‚ïh-qü

Å-DP-P¤-mP-ºiïm-hPôÅ- ô̧G ¤D¼-hzP-¿e-zÞºÛ-T-hPôÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-Tm-HÛ-Bï-zôü

applicationform

appointee

appointment

appointmentletter

apportionment

appraisal

appraise

appraiser

Ç‰m-ŸÝºÛ-ºGïPÅ-ÁôG

zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-¤Ûü

1ü zÇ+ô-GŸG2ü hÝÅ-¼ü

zÇ+ô-GŸG-»Û-Gï

zGô-zÁºü1ü ¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅü2ü dôG-ŸÛzü

1ü ¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü ±ôh-hqG-‚ïh-qü

¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-qôü¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü

37Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-º²Ûm-z Þ̧P-‚ïh-qü2ü Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gô-hôm-

ÁïÅ-qü1ü ZïÅ-Tm-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-º²Ûm-z Þ̧P-

‚ïh-±ß¾ü2ü Gô-dôGÅ-¾ôm-qºÛ-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-

GÛ-„ÀôºÛ-º²Ûm-ÇePÅü1ü ºI¤-hÝ-Wï-Zï-Wï-Zï¼-ÇÀïzÅ-±ß¾ü2ü GP-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-Å¼-ºWâG-qºÛ-ÇKô-

hP.ü fzÅ-¾¤ü Gô-Ç+zÅ-zTÅü

1ü hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-Å¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-Vïh-hÝ-¼m-qôº¤-ºIÛG-qôü

2ü ¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zïh-uôh-‚-Mã¼- Þ̧¼-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü

1ü GôP-¼Û¤-HÛÅ-GmP-z-vôh-±ß¾ü2ü VôG-¤Vmü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞmü

z;º-ºFô¾ü1ü È-¾¤-bG-bG2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Zï-¾ôGÅ-hï-¤-fG-

bà-ÇÀïzÅ-qü3ü Çtô¤-±ôh-h¤-¼ôz- Û̄Å- Û̂Å-fG-

GTôh-qü

apprehend

apprehension

approach

appropriate

approval

approximate

1ü º²Ûm-z Þ̧P-‚ïh-qü2ü Gô-hôm-dôGÅ-qü

1ü º²Ûm-z Þ̧P.ü2ü Gô-dôGÅü

1ü Zï-z¼-zT¼-zü2ü fzÅ-¾¤ü ºWâG-ÇKôü

1ü ºôÅ-qôü ºôÅ-ÁÛP-º±¤Å-qºÛü

2ü Þ̧¼-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü

1ü z;º-ºFô¾ü2ü VôG-¤Vmü ºFô¾-Vü

1ü w¾-Vï¼ü2ü Zï-z¼-ÇÀïzÅ-qü3ü ±ôh-hqôG-qü

Administration 38 º²Ûm-BôP-üTßP-¸h-¤-GbôGÅ-xôGÅ-»ôPÅ-mÅ-ºi-zº¤-¤fÞm-q-¿e-zÞümÝÅ-±h-GôP-ºwï¾-GbôP-‚ïh- Û̂-D-GÅz-ˆÛ-V-¾G1ü ÁïÅ-ÇeôzÅ-Vï-z-¿e-zÞ-BïÅ-ÇeôzÅ- Û̂-

¯¾-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü2ü ¼ÛG-qºÛ-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¢ôP-z-

hP.ü Gô-dôGÅ-¥ã¼-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü3ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-

ÁÝGÅ-Å¤-»ôm-bmüBï-zô-ŸÛG-¾Å-;-hP.ü ÁïÅ-»ômü ¾G-¯¾-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-¾-h¤Û‡-zÅ¾-hÝ-¼m-¤Ûm-zdG-fzÅ- Û̂-±ôh-¿eüFÛ¤Å-¤ïh-¾ÞGÅ-¤ïh-‚Å-q-Çeïü ¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-ºhôh-hôm-hP-zÅ¤-±ß¾-¾¤-ºhÝm-q-Dô-m¼-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛü1ü xôGÅ-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-

n¤Å-ºhÝ¤-q¼-‚ïh-qü2ü fG-GTôh-‚-MãºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-z¼-ºhÝ¤-

q¼- Û̄Å-vôh-qüô̄h-hôm-fG-GTôh-‚-Mã¼-ºGm-hzP-»ôh-qºÛ-GP-¸G1ü DP-qºÛ-z ô̧-z;ôh- Û̂-¼ÛG-qº¤-

approximately

appurtenance

aptitude

aptitude test

arbitrary

arbitrate

arbitrator

architecture

È-¾¤ü w¾-Vï¼ü

V-¾G-ºw¼-¤ü

1ü BïÅ-¯¾ü2ü ºWâG-q-¥ã¼-qü „Àô-nô-zü3ü mÝÅ-qü ºWôm-fP.ü

BïÅ-¯¾-±ôh-¿eü

¼P-ÇoP-GP-im-HÛü

1ü z¼-ºhÝ¤-‚ïh-qü2ü z¼-ºhÝ¤-q¼-vôh-qü

z¼-ºhÝ¤-qü

1ü DP-z ô̧-¼ÛG-qü


back out

back payments

backdated

background

background paper(backgrounder)

2ü DP-qºÛ-z ô̧-z;ôhü

D-hm-±ÛG-¾-¤Û-GmÅ-qüvôh-Çkh-ºw¼-ºzzü

1ü ºhÅ-±ïÅ-z;ôh-qºÛü2ü ºhÅ-±ïÅ-»¼-¾ôG-GÛ

Mz-¿YôPÅü

1ü Mz-¿YôPÅ-GÅ¾-zOGÅü2ü Mz-¿YôPÅ-GÅ¼-ºyÛmü

Nå-¯¾ü2ü DP-q-WÛ-¿e¼-z ô̧-zºÛ-ºIôÅ-

Å¤-z;ôh-qüDÅ-¾ïm-h¤-zTº-¾-¤Û-GmÅ-qü¾Å-¤Û-ŸÛG-¾-ÇS-Å-mÅ-JÀ-wôGÅ-ºw¼-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-fôz-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü1ü »ÛG-V-¿e-zÞ-ºhÅ-qºÛ-±ïÅ-

IPÅ-Pô-¤-¾Å-ÇS-zºÛ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-z;ôh-qü

2ü hÝÅ-±ïÅ-ÇSôm-¤-ŸÛG-mÅ-¯-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-Çt¼-V-‚-Mãü

(h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-JÀ-wôGÅ-¿e-zÞü)1ü q¼-hP-¼Û-¤ô-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Mz- Û̂-

»Þ¾-¿YôPÅ-Å¤-z;ôh-qü2ü GP-¸G-TÛG-GÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-¢ôP-

zl¼-hP.ü ÁïÅ-»ômü Z¤Å-¥ôP- ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¾ô-MãÅü

1ü GŸÝP-ŸzÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-GÅ¼-ºGôh-q¼-GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-Å¤- ¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Mz-¿YôPÅ-ŸÛz-y-GÅ¾-zÁh-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-GÅ¼-ºGôh-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-Å¤-zT¼-ºiÛü

2ü GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-Å¤-‚ïh-ÇKôºÛ-


backhander

backlog

backup

backward class

backward tribe

bad conduct

bad debt

Û̄z-lôü1ü Mz-ÁÛP.ü iôh-ÆâP.ü2ü ¾Å-ºyôü3ü Vïh-Z¼ü

Mz-dïmü

XïÅ-¾ÞÅ-I¾-¼Û¤ü

XïÅ-¾ÞÅ-±ô-qüuôh-PmüzÞm-mG

Mz-¿YôPÅ-Ç+ô¼-ŸÛz-y-GÅ¾-zÁh-‚ïh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-GÅ¼-ºyÛm-m¤-GÅ¼-ÁôG

¿+ôG-Qm-HÛ-w¾-Ç+hü1ü ¤ï-iôh-¤Û-fô¼-zºÛ-Vïh-fz- Û̂-Mz-

¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWôG-MãºÛ-ÁÛP-hÝ¤-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG

2ü ‚Å-¤-±¼-z¼-wÞP-GÅôG-fïzÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;ü

3ü ‚ïh-ÇKô-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ŸÛG-G¤-¤-ºôPÅ-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü

1ü ¼ôGÅ-±z-bà-Z¼-zºÛ-GP-¸G-G¤-hPôÅ-qôü

2ü ;¤-qÞ-‡¼-mP-GÛ-»ÛG-V-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºi-zÁÝÅ-;¤-qÞ-‡¼-hï-¾Å-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-ºi-zÁÝÅü

uÛ-¤±ßPÅ-¿e¼-»¼-MÅ-ºIô-¤-fÞz-qºÛ-¤Û-ÇkïüXïÅ-¾ÞÅ-fïzÅ-qºÛ-±ô-qüuôh-¾¤-¤Û-¾ïGÅ-qüxÛ¼-vôh-¤Û-fÞz-qº¤-ºhïh-DÞPÅ-¤ïh-


badge

baggage

bail

bailiff

bailment

1ü hqÞP-dGÅü2ü dGÅ-¤ü

Ç+Ý-VÅü hô-VÅü1ü Gbº-hPÞ¾ü2ü DG-ºEG3ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-HÛÅ-„Àâ-zü

FÛ¤Å-¼ºÛ-hô-h¤-qü1ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾-ºWôG2ü zTô¾-ºWôG

qºÛ-zÞ-¾ômü1ü ±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Ûº¤-

Gô-GmÅ-¤±ôm-Vïh-¾ÞÅ-ÇeïP-hÝ-GhGÅ-MãºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü

2ü GP-¸G-ŸÛG-¾-G ï̧PÅ-zÇeôh-h¤-Vï-zÇeôh-ˆÛ-ÇÀh-hÝ-wÞ¾-zºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü

ºIâ¾-zBôh-Ç+zÅ-ºEï¼-MãºÛ-T-¾G1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zô-GP-

ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-DP-hÝ-GbàG-zÁï¼-Ç+zÅ-Pô-zT¼-¤-‚Å-±ï-ºGm-DG-¾ïm-¤ÛÅ-FÛ¤Å-DP-hÝ-ºzÞ¾-Mã¼-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü

2ü ºGm-¾ïm-Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qôü

3ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-zŸG-Çeï-JÀôh-z=ô¾-GbôP-zº¤-Gbº-hPÞ¾-

HÛÅ-„Àâ-züFÛ¤Å-DP-GÛ-ºGm-ÆâP-¾Å-‚ïhü1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛG-

GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾-±ß¾ü

2ü T-hPôÅ-Å¤-D¼-hzP-¤Û-GŸm-¾-zTô¾-ºWôG-‚-fzÅü

Administration 42 º²Ûm-BôP-übalance

balance sheet

balance to trade(trade balance)

balanced budget

ballot

ballot box

ban

1ü ÆP.ü M-¤ü Z-G2ü ;ü ‚ãP-ÅôP-D-ºfzü

Dü ‚ãP-ÅôP-z¼-Ehü3ü ¿ËG-ºyôü

Û̄Å-FºÛ-D-ÁôG ¤fº-Çkô¤-Û̄Å-ÁôG

±ôP-ºƒï¾-z¼-Ehü

hô-¤Z¤-ÇSôm- Û̄Åü

1ü ºôÅ-ÁôG2ü (GÅP-zºÛ)ºôÅ-zÇkÝü

ºôÅ-ÇK¤ü

1ü z;G-Mü2ü z;G-Çkô¤ü3ü GmÅ-h‚ãP-ü

1ü ¿YÛh-±h-ºW¾-‚ïh- Û̂-»ô-VÅü2ü ;ü Û̄Å-FºÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-GZÛÅ- Û̂-hô-

¤Z¤-Çkô¤-ºzô¼üDü Û̄Å-FºÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-hz¼-HÛ-Èï-zG

3ü ÁÝ¾-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-qºÛ-¿ËG-¤ü±ôP-¾Å-Å¤-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ- Û̄Å-hÝÅ-PïÅ-Tm-HÛ-D¼-hzP-hP.ü ¤-¯üzÞ-¾ôm-ÅôGÅ-D-GÅ¾-z;ôh-qºÛ- Û̄Å-FüM¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-¼ÛP-M¾-mP-fôm-Bïh-xÛ¼-º±ôP-‚Å-q-hï-hP-xÛ-M¾-HÛ-±ôP- ô̧G-mP-ºiïm-‚Å-q-GZÛÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-fP-z¼-EhühÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºIô-Iôm-hP-»ôP-ºzz-V-¤Z¤-qºÛ-ÇSôm- Û̄Åü1ü ‚ï-ƒG-bà-GÅP-zºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-

Ç+zÅ- Û̂-ºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-ÁôG-¿Ëïü2ü ‚ï-ƒG-bà-GÅP-zºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-zÇkÝ-

¾ïm-‚ïh-ÇePÅüºôÅ-zÇkÝºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-¿kÝG-ÅºÛ-ÇK¤ü1ü ‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-ºGôG-Çkô¤-‚ïh-

qºÛ-z;º-Mü2ü ZïÅ-Vh-¿e-zÞÅ-¼P-GÛ-GmÅ-»Þ¾-

mÅ-fG-¼ÛP-hÝ-ºzÞh-qü


band

banishment

bank

bank account

bank balance

bank book

1ü ºVÛP-fG Çkï¤-fG2ü ¼ô¾-VºÛ-¼Þ-DG

MP-ºzÞhü (»Þ¾-)uåGÅü

1ü hPÞ¾-DP.ü2ü PôGÅü Vß-ºI¤ü3ü z;¼-ºWâG

hPÞ¾-DP- Û̄Å-Fü

hPÞ¾-DP-¿ËG-zÇkhü

hPÞ¾-DP-¾G-hïzü

3ü ±ôGÅ-qº¤-BÛh-ÇkÝG-¿e-zÞ-mÅ-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-‚ïh-qü

1ü T-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞ-¤P-qô-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkï¤-‚ïh- Û̂-OôG-fG-Æz-¤ôü

2ü ¼ô¾-V-¤Z¤-GbôP-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Çkï-DG

Åô-ÅôºÛ-»Þ¾-mÅ-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-qº¤-MP-ºzÞh-GbôP-zü1ü hPÞ¾-HÛ-±ôP-hôm-¾Å-DÞPÅ-

ÁÛG-Çeï-GP-hÝ-hPÞ¾-¾ô¼-zTô¾-ºWôG-hP.ü ¤-hPÞ¾-º²âGÅ-qü zÞm-G»¼-GbôP-zü hPÞ¾-¾ô¼-zXï-¾ïm-‚-»Þ¾ü

2ü ¤±ô-hP-¤±ïºÞ-º¤-G®P-qôºÛ-D-ºI¤-HÛ-Å-Mãh-PôGÅü

3ü GmÅ-±ß¾-²-iG-G¤-¤-ºôPÅ-qºÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-Vïh-GÅôG-ºWôG-‚Å-qºÛ-Gm-¤²ôhü

¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼-hPÞ¾-ºhôm-ºWâG-‚ïh-VôG-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ- Û̄Å-ºGôhÝÅ-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-¾-hPÞ¾-DP- Û̄Å-FºÛ-mP-»ôh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼ühPÞ¾-DP-mÅ-hPÞ¾-zTô¾-¤Dm-¼ï-


bank credit

bank draft

bank guarantee

bank holiday

bank rate

bank statement

banker

banking

hPÞ¾-DP-zÞ-¾ômü

hPÞ¾-DP-^z-º²Ûmü

hPÞ¾-DP-ºGm-¾ïmü

hPÞ¾-DP-GÝP-ÅïP.ü

hPÞ¾-DP-Bïh-fP.ü

hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ- Û̄Å-zXôhü

hPÞ¾-DP-hô-h¤-qühPÞ¾-DP-zhG-qôü1ü hPÞ¾-DP-¾Å-hômü

¼ï¼-hïz-VßP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¤Û-Åô-ÅôºÛ-hPÞ¾-‚ãP-ÅôP-GÛ- Û̄Å-F-ºGôh-ÅºÛ-hïz-VßP.ühPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Gbº-¤-zŸG-XïÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-hï-mÅ-G»ô¼-¾ïm-VôG-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛGhPÞ¾-DP-GTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-zMãh-fh-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-º²Ûm-ŸÛGzÞ-¾ôm-zbP-z-ŸÛG-¾-xÛÅ-ÅÞ-vôh-ºW¾-¤-fÞz-±ï-hPÞ¾-DP-¾-ºW¾-vôh-‚ïh-MãºÛ-ºGm-¾ïm-HÛ-Gm-MühPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-GŸÝP-hôm-GÝP-ÅïP-GÛ-ZÛm-¤ôüM¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-hzÞÅ-¤Å-M¾-mP-GÛ-M¾-»ôPÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-DG-¾-hPÞ¾-zÞm-G»ô¼-zºÛ-Bïh-;ºÛ-ºzz-±hühPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-mÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-hïºÛ-mP-hPÞ¾-zTô¾-¤Dm-¤Û-¼ï-Pô-¼ï¼-hÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-Åô-Åô¼-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-zÇkh-GÅÞ¤-HÛ- Û̄Å-FühPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-zhG-qôº¤-ºGm-»ôh-qºÛ-¾Å-Çoïü1ü hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-Dï-¾Å-hP-ºƒï¾-


banking company

banking facilities

banking service

bankrupt

bankruptcy

banner

banquet

2ü hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-¾Å-;ü

hPÞ¾-DP-±ôP-Çkïü

hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-¤fÞm-Aïmü

hPÞ¾-DP-ŸzÅ-ŸÝü¤-¯-lÛz-qü

¤-¯-lÛz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

1ü ºyïh-h¼ü2ü ºGô-zXôh-Vïm-¤ôü

GÅô¾-Çeôm-MÅ-qü

zºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü2ü hPÞ¾-DP-zhG-qôº¤-ºGm-

º²Ûm-HÛ-¾Å-;ühPÞ¾-zTô¾-ºWôG-hP-zÞm-GbôP-‚ïh-qºÛ-Dï-¾Å-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛGhPÞ¾-DP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-Û̂-V-AïmühPÞ¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-ÆÛ-ŸÝüFÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-G®P-ºW¾-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-PôÅ-º²ÛmüDï-¾Å-Å¤-¤Û-ÇKï¼-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-G®P-ºW¾-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü1ü ¤²ïÅ-z;ôh-h¤-Ez-zOGÅ- Û̂-

¼Å-GŸÛ-m¼-¤ôü2ü ±GÅ-q¼-HÛ-ºGô-zXôh-Vï-ŸÛP-

¼ÛP-zü1ü I-MÅ-ÁÛP-¸Å-¼ÛGÅ-Ço-

º²ô¤Å-Tm-HÛ-Çeôm-¤ôü2ü GP-¸G-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-¾-Vï-

¤fôP-P¤-hÝÅ-±ÛGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-zÁ¤Å-qºÛ-Çeôm-¤ôü

Administration 46 º²Ûm-BôP-übar

bar code

bargain

bargaining

barrack

barrage

1ü VP-DP.ü2ü z;G-ºGôG3ü FÛ¤Å- ô̄h-qü4ü FÛ¤Å-¼ü

GÅP-fÛG

1ü ±ôP-OÛG-qü2ü Zô-¤Dm-HÛ-Dï-wmü

¼Ûm-GôP-Gb¤Å-qü

h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-Çkôh-DP.ü1ü zTh-¼GÅü2ü ¤±ôm-¼GÅü

1ü VP-¼G-ºfÞP-ÅºÛ-DP-qü2ü z;G-Çkô¤-HÛ-‚-GŸG3ü FÛ¤Å-̄ ôh-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-±P-zºÛ-¤Û-Çkïü4ü FÛ¤Å-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Zm-ŸÛz-

Ç+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-hP.ü FÛ¤Å-ô̄h-q-zTÅ- Û̂-Çkôh-ÅºÛ-¼-zü

±ôP- ô̧G-GÛ-¼Ûm-ºzz-D-IPÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-hGÝ-z¼-¤±ôm-‚ïh- Û̂-fÛG-¼ÛÅ-y-Ç~ô¤-Ço-±ôGÅ-¤Z¤-zÁÛzÅ-ÅÞ-z;ôh-qºÛ-GÅP-dGÅü1ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-±ôP-P¤-zXï-±ôP-Ç+zÅ-

¼Ûm-GôP-Gb¤Å-qº¤-OÛG-qü2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-¤Dm-ŸÛG-¾-fôz-qºÛ-

Dï-wmüZô-±ôP-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-q-Çtô¼-GTôG-GÛ-Gô-zÇkÝ¼üh¤G-hqÞP-zTº-Çkôh-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-DP-qü1ü G®P-qô-ŸÛG-mÅ-ŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-q-

hP.ü JÀôG-¤Dô-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü;ô-z-w¼-±ß¼-ºIô-zBôh-zhï-z-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-ºyïh-zTh-hÝ-zMz-qºÛ-¼GÅü

2ü hI-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¤hÝm-¤VôP-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-±ß¼-Lô¾-ºGôG-fzÅ-ÅÞ-¤ï-NôGÅ-¿e-zÞ-¤±ôm-¤±¤Å-


barren

barren land

barrier

barter

base

baseless

basement

basic

¼zÅ-Vhü

Å-Lôhü

1ü ºGG2ü zTh-¤±¤Åü

zXï-±ôP.ü

¤-ÇK¼ü

GŸÛ-¤ïhü

ºôG-DP.ü

©P-GŸÛºÛü GŸÛ-¯ºÛü

ºWôG-¤ïh-q¼-ºwïm-qºÛ-Lô¾-fzÅ-ÁÛG

zÞ-yâG-¿e-zÞ-¼P-GÛ-Mãh-xÛ-¤-Bï-Çtï¾-¤Û-fÞz-qüwm-fôGÅ-¿km-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¤Û-Bï-zºÛ-Å-V-f-Lôhü1ü ¼-Ç+ô¼-¿e-zÞ-¤Û-hP-hÝh-ºIô-Åô‡-

w¼-±ß¼-ºIô-ºôP-ºGôG-‚ïhü2ü Å-V-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-h‚ï-¤±¤ÅühPÞ¾-zïh-uôh-¤-zbP-z¼-±ôP- ô̧G-G¤-ŸzÅ-ŸÝºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-wm-±ßm-zXï-¼ïÅ- Û̂-±ôP-¾ÅüOÛG-º²âGÅ-hP.ü ‚ïh-ÇKôü ¤fÞm-Aïm-¤Dô-vôh-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¿eï-GmÅüMã-¤±m-hP-hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-HÛ-GŸÛ-¯-¤ïh-qüDP-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Å-PôÅ-¾Å-V-ÁÅ-Å¤-ÉÛ¾-qô-h¤º-zºÛ-DP-qü1ü ¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛ-

Iâz-Vº¤-Pô-zôü2ü basic training ¾-¿eôÅü

Administration 48 º²Ûm-BôP-übasic training

basis

batch

batten

beauty spot

bedding

bee keeping

before hand

©P-GŸÛºÛ-¢ôP-zl¼ü

GŸÛ-¯ü

1ü Çkïz-z ô̧Åü2ü ; ¤Dô-ºzô¼ü

D fôm-ºzô¼ü3ü Çkïü hÝ¤-zÞü

1ü ÆâzÅ-ÁÛP.ü2ü qP-GT¾ü

¿e-m-ÇkÝG-qºÛ-GmÅü1ü ¤¾-VÅü2ü hÝh-ºIôºÛ-ºôG-Çemü

£P-¤-GÅô-BôP.üÇS-Å-mÅü

h¤G-¤Û-GÅ¼-ŸÝGÅ-q¼-vôh-MãºÛ-GŸÛ-¼Û¤-HÛ-¢ôP-zl¼ü¯-hôm-m¤-Mã-¤±m-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-‚-hPôÅ-Vï-Gï-¤ô-GP-»P-©P-GŸÛ-ºhÛP-Åü1ü hÝÅ-GTÛG-bà-¤Z¤-z ô̧-‚Å-qºÛ-

zG-¾ïz- Û̂-IPÅ-ºzô¼ü2ü ; ¾Å-fïPÅ-GTÛG-¾-hGôÅ-qºÛ-

ºzô¼üD ¾Å-fïPÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-fôm-ºzô¼ü

3ü ¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-±ôGÅ-DG1ü ÇKô-hP-HP- Û̄G-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-qP-¾ïz-

hz¼-HÛ-ÆâzÅ-D-ºGïz-MãºÛ-ÁÛP-¾ïz-Æz-qô-m¼-¤ô-ŸÛG

2ü DP-qºÛ-Ÿ¾-z¼-ºhÛP-MãºÛ-qP-¾ïz-m¼-¤ôü

¤²ïÅ-ÁÛP-»Ûh-hÝ-ºôP-z¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-Å-Vü1ü ÇeïP-hÝ-Hôm-MãºÛ-Z¾-VÅü2ü ºWG- Ó̄-¿e-zÞ-hÝh-ºIô-Z¾-Å¼-ºhÛP-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅü£P- Û̄-fôm-Bïh- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-£P-¤-GÅô-zühÝÅ-Å¤-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¾Å-ÇS-zü

49Administration º²Ûm-BôP-übehaviour

belief

bellhop / boy

below par

bench

benchmark

beneficial

beneficiary

benefit

uôh-¾¤ü

»Ûh-VïÅü

¾G-hôü

±h-GŸÛ-¾Å-Ÿm-qºÛü

1ü FÛ¤Å-hqôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü2ü ¾Å-FÛü3ü FÛ-ÁÛP-m¼-¤ôü

±h-GŸÛü

Dï-wm-TmüDï-wm-fôz-¤Dmü

1ü Dï-wmü

ºIô-ºhÝG-uôh-¾¤-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-GÁÛÅ-¾ÞGÅüfï-±ô¤-¤ïh-q¼-zhïm-q¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-„Àôü¤Iôm-DP-ŸÛG-mÅ-Ç+Ý-¤Iôm-HÛ-hô-VÅ-ºô¼-ºiïm-¿e-zÞºÛ-xG-¼ôGÅ-ŸÝ-¤Dm-hÝ-JÀÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¤ÛüMãm-¿km-m¤-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛ-¾Å-h¤º-zºÛü1ü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-

¤Dm-HÛ-ºhÝÅ-±ôGÅü2ü ÁÛP-z ô̧º¤-ºyâ¾-¾Å-qºÛ-z ô̧-

ÇeïGÅü3ü ¤Û-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-

Çkôh-ÅºÛ-@Ýz-ÇeïGÅ-¼ÛP-¤ôü‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-¾-±h-ºW¾-zº¤-hrh-q-GbôP-Ç+zÅ-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-ºW¾-GŸÛüwm-fôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛüD-Vï¤Å-hP.ü Zïm-ÆâP-¿e-zÞ-mÅ-Mã-mô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Dï-wm-fôz-¤Dmü1ü wm-fôGÅ-Å¤-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Aïm-hÝ-


benefit of doubt

benevolence

benevolent fund

bequeath

bequest

bereaved

betray

2ü hGôÅ-hPÞ¾-ºhÝ-ºGôhü

hôGÅ-GŸÛºÛ-Dï-wmü

1ü wm-Åï¤Åü2ü GŸm-wmü

GŸm-wm-fïzÅ-¯ü

1ü ÁÝ¾-º²Ûm-D-Vï¤Å-ºWôG-qü2ü zMãh-vôh-‚ïh-qü

ÁÝ¾-µÅü ÁÝ¾-zŸG

¥-Pm-HÛÅ-môm-qºÛü1ü mP-Gb¤-xÛ¼-Bï¾ü2ü ÇÀâ-zü

ºHã¼-zºÛ-‚-hPôÅü2ü ¤Û-ÇKï¼-ŸÛG-G¤-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-¾-

h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-ºhÝ-ºGôh-Û̂-Vïh-GZï¼-¾Å-ºGÝ¾ü

FÛ¤Å-fG-GTôh-Ç+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-zhïm-hqP-V-¤-±P-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ZïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ- Û̄-zü1ü ¤Û-GŸm-¾-zhï-BÛh-Cæm-ºhôh- Û̂-

zÅ¤-qü2ü GŸm-¾-wm-q-Oæz-qºÛ-‚-züGŸm-¾-wm-IôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ-fïzÅ-¯ü1ü ÁÝ¾-º²Ûm-zhG-fôz- Û̂-D-Vï¤Å-

ºWôG-qü2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GŸm-

ŸÛG-¾-vôh-qüÁÝ¾-º²Ûm-zhG-fôz- Û̂-D-Vï¤Å-zŸG-qºÛ-Mã-mô¼ü¼P-GÛ-hGº-Zï-IôPÅ-qºÛ-¥-Pmü1ü ¤Ûº¤-‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-¼P-

xôGÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-±ß¾-hI-zô¼-¤Dô-vôh-‚ïh-qü

2ü ¼P-¾-»Ûh-VïÅ-„Àô-ºGï¾-‚ïh-


betterment

beverage

bias

bibliography

bicameral

bid

biennial

biennial report

»¼-MÅ-GôP-ºwï¾üzbàP-zü Ç+ô¤üxôGÅ-¿ËàP.ü xôGÅ-¼ÛÅü

hqï-fôü

IôÅ-±ôGÅ- Þ̧P-¿kmü

¼Ûm-GôP-MG-qü

¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛü

¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-Ç‰m-fôü

¤Û¼-h¤-±ÛG-¾-M-¤-ÆâP-z¼-Ÿïm-q-¾ôG-bà-ºWâG-qü

»¼-MÅ-̂ Û-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-Bôh-qºÛ-ºHã¼-züVß-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-zbàP-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅüô̄h-½‰ôG-fG-GTôh- Û̂-Gmh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-iP-zhïm-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¿e-±ß¾üô̄¤-q-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-z¯¤Å-VôÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP-ÅôGÅ-D-GÅ¾-z;ôh-qºÛ-fôº¤- ô̄¤-q-qô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-z¯¤Å-VôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºƒÛ-Ç+zÅ-hïºÛ-mP-¾ÞP-ºiïm-‚Å-qºÛ-hqï-VºÛ-¤ÛP-ÅôGÅ-D-GÅ¾-z;ôh-qºÛ-fô-GŸÝP.üIôÅ-±ôGÅ-GôP-ºôG-GZÛÅ-¿km-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-Gb¤Å-qºÛ-¼Ûm-GôP-ü¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-mP-fïPÅ-¤-¼ï-º‚ãP-zºÛ-‚ãP-zü¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-mP-fïPÅ-¤-¼ï-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Ç‰m-fôü

Administration 52 º²Ûm-BôP-übifurcate

bigamy

bilateral

bilingual

bill

bill of entry

bill of exchange

GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï-zü

z¸º-GÅÞ¤-mG-ZïÅü

xôGÅ-GZÛÅ- Û̂ü

Ç+h-GZÛÅ-( Û̂ü)

1ü fôz-º²Ûmü2ü FÛ¤Å-ºV¼ü3ü ¢¼-»ÛG zl-»ÛG

±ôP-F¾-fô-GŸÝP.ü

vôh-º²Ûm-Gm-»ÛG

hÝ¤-zÞ-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGô-zº¤-»m-¾G-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-HïÅ-qüBï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-z¸º-¹-º±ô-GmÅ-»ôh-zŸÛm-hÝ-FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-D-¤-HïÅ-q¼-¹-zô-GŸm-ŸÛG-z®¾-mÅ-GZïm-OÛG-‚Å-qºÛ-mG-ZïÅüxôGÅ-GZÛÅ- Û̂Å-‚Å-qº¤-xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-‚-GŸGÇ+h-GZÛÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤ü »P-m-Ç+h-GZÛÅ-Ám-¢¼ü1ü T-hPôÅ- Û̂-¼Ûm-ºzz-z¤-¾Å-hôm-HÛ-

n¤-IPÅ-ÅôGÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-º²Ûm-»ÛG

2ü FÛ¤Å-z ô̧-¿Ëm-DP-ŸÛG-¾-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-Vïh-ºV¼-ºzÞ¾-‚Å-qºÛ-FÛ¤Å-»ÛG- Û̧m-ƒÛÅü

3ü ‚ïh-ÇKô-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Ç+ô¼-GÅ¾-zOGÅ- Û̂-¢¼-»ÛG

Áô-F¾-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÅÞ-xÛ¼-±ôP-P¤ü »P-m-mP-ºiïm-Vïh-º‚ô¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G-fô-GŸÝP.üuÛ¼-M¾-uÛºÛ-±ôP-ºƒï¾-Ç+zÅ-±ôGÅ-q-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-Bïh-;-¤ïh-q¼-ÇSôm-±ßh-

53Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ümÅ-fG-zTh-qºÛ-¹-±ïÅ-¾-vôh-MãºÛ-z;º-ÁôGhôÅ-̧ ôG-hzô¼-ºiïm-qÅ-zhG-qô¼-vôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-̧ ôG-GÛ-n¤-IPÅ-hP.ühzô¼-ºiïm-V-Aïm-GÅ¾-zºÛ-»ÛG-Vü¹-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-¼ïº¤-¹-z-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-¤±¤Å-ˆÛ-Ç‰m-fôü1ü hqï-hïz-¿Ëà-OÛG-hP.ü Mz-Á-

MG-¤Dmü2ü ÁôG-zÞ-¿ËàG-¤-¤Z¤-hÝ-º²Ûm-

qºÛ-»ô-VÅ-Tm-HÛ-Mz-ÁôG1ü hqï-hïz- Û̂-Mz-¤hÝm-xÛ-Dïzü2ü G»ô¾-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-

m¤-¾Å-ºGmüGP-¸G-ÇKï¼-HÛ-Bï-±ïÅ-hP.ü ÁïÅ-±h-Z¤Å-¥ôP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¾ô-MãÅ-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅüV-ÁÅ-Å¤-xôGÅ-DG-GZÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛüxôGÅ-DG-GZÛÅ- Û̂Å-fÞm-¤ôP-hÝ-zŸG-qºÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmüBïÅ-¾ô-BïÅ-±ïÅ-hP.ü Bï-»Þ¾üw-¤ºÛ-¤ÛP-zTÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-

bill of lading

bimonthly report

binder

binding

bio data

bipartite

bipartiteagreement

birth certificate

hôÅ-º²Ûmü

1ü ¹-xïh-Ç‰m-fôü2ü ¹-GZÛÅ-Ç‰m-fôü1ü hïz-z ô̧-¤Dmü2ü º²Ûm-Dïzü

1ü (hïz- Û̂-)Mz-Áü2ü G»ô¾-fzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü

¤Û-±ïºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅü

ÁôG-DG-GZÛÅ- Û̂üÁôG-DG-GZÛÅ- Û̂-IôÅ-¤fÞmü

BïÅ-±ïÅ-¾G-ºEï¼ü

Administration 54 º²Ûm-BôP-üºƒï¾-»ÛG-Vüh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Bï-ºGôG-GÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-zïh-uh-hï-¼P-ºhôh-zŸÛm-zÞ-yâG-Bï-ºwï¾-±ôh-º²Ûm-‚ïh-fzÅüBï-hÝÅ- Û̂-±ïÅ-IPÅüBïÅ-qºÛ-ZÛm-¤ôº¤-hïºÛ-¾ô-ºDô¼-HÛ-ZÛm-¤ôüBï-hÝÅ-mÅ-Á-qGÅ- Û̂-ÇeïP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-©ï-zÞ-hP-Á-¤±mü¼P-ZÛh-GP-hÝ-Bï-ÅºÛ-GmÅüÅ-DÞ¾-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤Û-ºzô¼-¾-GŸÛGÅ-qºÛ-yâ-GÝ-WÛ-BïÅ- Û̂-IPÅ-±hü1ü zhÝm-yG-GZÛÅ-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-¼ï-‚ãP-

zºÛü2ü zhÝm-yG-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-fïPÅ-

GZÛÅ-¼ï-‚ãP-zºÛüGŸÝP-GÛ-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-¤ïh-q¼-¿+ôG-bà-ÇKï¼-DG-GÛ-hPÞ¾-w¼-vôh-±ß¼-¾ïm-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-HÛ-±m-qüFÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛÅ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Zô-±ôP-‚ïh-Åü

birth control

birth date

birth day

birth mark

birth place

birth rate

biweekly

black economy

black market

Bï-ºGôG

BïÅ-±ïÅüBïÅ-Ç+¼ü

Á-¤±mü Á-dGÅü

Bï-»Þ¾üBï-ºwï¾-IPÅ-±hü

1ü zhÝm-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛü2ü zhÝm-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛü

¾ôG-qºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼ühq¾-º‚ô¼-mG-qôü

mG-±ôP-Fô¤-¼ü

55Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾Å-¤Û-GŸm-n¤Å- Û̂Å-¾Å-¤±¤Å-Pô-Lô¾-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-¤-‚Å-q¼-¤Þ-¤fÞh-¾Å-;-‚ïh-¤ÛühzP-º²Ûm-q-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤Å-DÅ-¾ïm-hP.ü »Ûh-dôm-¤Û-¼ÞP-z¼- Û̄Å-qºÛ-GP-¸G-G¤-M¾-Dz-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-fô-GŸÝP.üGŸm-HÛ-GÅP-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾¤-mG-ZïÅ-xÛ-zOGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-ÇkÛGÅ-Ç+Ý¾-‚Å-bï-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-È¤-ºyôG-‚ïh-qº¤-¼P-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-Oæz-bà-ºWâG-qü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-zlÝPÅ-mÅ-»ô-‚h-z ô̧-¤Dm-HÛ-¾G-ÁïÅ-z ô̧-¾Å-qüZïÅ-ºGm-G»ôG-qº¤-Ç‰h-ºhôGÅ-qü1ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-»Û-Gï-

hP.ü G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰mü dGÅ-¿e-zÞ-GP-»P-¤ïh-qü

2ü zÅ¤-„Àôº¤-ºV¼-ÇoP-HÛÅ-hzïm-qºÛ-Åï¤Åü

hô-zhG-GÛ-¤ÛP-dGÅ-z;ôh-¼ÞP-hPÞ¾-HÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¤-z;ôh-qºÛ-

blackleg

blacklist

blackmail

blacksmith

blame

blank

blank cheque

F¤-q-@P-mGwô-¼ôG-h;¼-qôü

fô-GŸÝP-mG-qôü

¤±P-ºhôm-ÇkÛGÅ-Ç+Ý¾ü

¤G¼-zü ¿UGÅ-z ô̧-zü

DG-h=Ûü Bôm-º²âGÅüDG-h=Û-zü Bôm-º²âGÅ-qü1ü ÇeôP-qü2ü Åï¤Å-ÇeôP.ü >Àh-ÇeôP.ü

TïG-º²Ûm-ÇeôP-qü

Administration 56 º²Ûm-BôP-üTïG-º²Ûm-ŸÛGTïG-º²Ûm-ÅôGÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-hPÞ¾-º²Ûm-ÇeïP-vôh-»Þ¾-¤ÛP-GÅ¾-¤-ºDôh-q¼-vôh-º²Ûm-hï-¤Û-ÅÞºÛ-¾G-bà-»ôh-q-hï-¾-vôh-ºfÞÅ-ˆÛ-VôG-¤VmüµÅ-¤ïº¤-ºz¼-µÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-iG-Vï-zºÛ-ºz¼-fô¼üD-hôG-¿e-zÞ-¤Z¤-hÝ-zÆï-zº¤-Çkïz-qü¤ÛG-GÛ-hzP-qô-Bôm-Tm-HÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ1ü IôP-Eï¼-mP-GÛ-DP-q-hÝ-¤-hP.ü

¾¤-GŸÝP-Tm-HÛ-Å-Eôm-Iâ-zŸÛ-m¼-¤ô-ŸÛG

2ü GŸÛ-M-Vï-zºÛ-DP-q-ŸÛG-V-zGôÅ-zbP-zºÛ-±m-qü

ºEãG-»ÛG-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-»ÛG-G Þ̧GÅüM¾-Dz-hP.ü Å-DÞ¾ü IôP-Eï¼ü¤±ô-D-ÅôGÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z¼-hI-zôÅ-hqÞP-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-±ôP-¾Å-hP-ºIÛ¤-ºIâ¾-HÛ-ºIô-ºôP-z;G-Çkô¤üGbº-¤-GÅ¼-ºWôG-¤-‚Å-q¼-¤-@P-ºw¼-¤-Zô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü

blankendorsement

blast

blending

blind school

block

block letter

blockade

blockedaccount

¤ÛP-¤ïh-VôG-¤Vmü

ºz¼-GÅü

zÆï-¢ô¼ü¾ôP-zºÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ1ü IôP-JÀÛP.ü2ü DP-Çkïü

»ÛG-Vïmüz;G-ºGôG

z;G-M-Tm-HÛ- Û̄Å-Fü

57Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üM¾-mP-hÝ-ºIô-MãG-®¤-¾Å-xÛºÛ-zXï-±ôP-Fô¤-¼¼-ºIô-MãG-VßP-zºÛ-hPÞ¾ü ºhÛ-¾-zXï-Nå¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-»P- ï̧¼üuÛ¼-Ç¨m-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôh-¿e-DP-GÛ-Çkï-±m-ŸÛG-Çeïü GP-hÝ-FG-¢Ûm-‚Å-qºÛ-FG-¼ÛGÅ-Åô-Åô¼-xï-Çeï-¤-ºôPÅ-qºÛ-mh-q-±ôºÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-GÅôG-ºWôG-hP-zhG-Z¼-‚ïh-Åümh-q-±ôºÛ-²-iG-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¼P-GÛ-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-FG-¢Ûm-qüFG-GÛ-Mãh-q-GTÛG-q-»Ûm-qºÛ-GZïm-ºƒï¾üÇoG-µôz-ºWÛz-‚ïh- Û̂-ÁôG-zÞüz ô̧-IÔºÛ-mP-¾Å-DÞPÅ- Û̂-¾Å-;-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-P¾- ô̄¾-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü1ü DP-qº¤-ºyâ¾-VÅ-¿e-zÞ-z ô̧-

ºV¼-HÛ-z;ôh-q-Mz-¿YôPÅ-ÇSôm-qôºÛ-ÇeïP-fÛG-¼ÛÅ-h;¼-qô-¤Pôm-qºÛ-hqï-¼ÛÅü

2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-±ß¾-WÛ-¿e¼-Oæz-q¼-Çeôm-qºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü

¾¤-mô¼-zÇem-qº¤-¤Gô-Ç+ô¼-GbôP-

blocked currency

blood bank

blood donation

blood relations

blotting paper

blue collar job

blueprint

bluff

z;º-M-Tm-HÛ-hPÞ¾ü

FG-¤²ôhü

FG-¢Ûmü

Á-Zïü

B-ÁôG ºWÛz-ÁôGGôP-z-ÇSôm-qôºÛ-¾Å-;ü

1ü ÇSô-¼ÛÅü2ü ºV¼-¼ÛÅü

ô̧G-zÇÀâ-‚ïh-qü

Administration 58 º²Ûm-BôP-üzüÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-¿km-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-VßP.üDï-¾Å-Å¤-OÛG-º²âGÅ-Vï-DG-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-º²Ûm-BôP-Vïh-zh¤Å-qºÛ-¤Û-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG1ü DP-JÀ-hP-¿eô-¼Ûm-vh-mÅ-Çkôh-

¤Dm-m¤-¿eô-¼Ûm-vh-mÅ-¸-¤-¸-¤Dmü

2ü Gbm-ºWGÅ-ÇÀôz-IÔºÛ-mP-Çkôh-¤Dm-HÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG

hqôm-¼ÛGÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-GP-¸G-TÛG-¾-Zïm-ÆâP-‚ïh-qôüºDô¼-¤hº-GTÛG-hP-ºDô¼-¾ô-GZÛÅ-Å¤-ºDô¼-¤hº-GZÛÅ-hP-ºDô¼-¾ô-zŸÛºÛ-ÇeïP-GmÅ-qºÛ-¤ï-ºDô¼-HÛ-DP-Oô¤ü«åG-D-Vïm-qô-hP-ÇoG-±-G¼-qôÅ-ƒÛÅ-q-¿e-zÞºÛ-»ÛG-G Þ̧GÅüºz¼-µÅ-G»ÞG-mÅ-w¼-Lô¾-‚ïh-±ß¾ü1ü Åï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-G¤-G»ô-¿Ëh-¤ïh-

qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-Oæz-qºÛü

board

board ofdirectors

boarder

bodyguard

bogey/bogie

bold letter

bombardment

bonafide

¿Ëm-MÅü

PïÅ-Çeôm-¿Ëm-MÅü

1ü GmÅ-JÀ¼-Çkôh-¤Dmü2ü Gbm-Çkôh-ÇÀôz-yâG

Ç+Ý-ÆâP-zü

¼Û-¾ÛºÛ-DP-¤ÛG

»Û-Gï-ºzÞ¼-mG

ºz¼-¤hï¾-Lô¾-lÝP.ü1ü Åï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-GÛ2ü Pô-¤ü

59Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü2ü DÞPÅ-¿km-hP-zTôÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-qüÅï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-G¤-zTôÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-qºÛ-DÞPÅ-Bï¾ü Pô-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-zhïm-dGÅü1ü xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hÝ-¤Å-¯-

ºG¾-¤Û-‚ïh-q¼-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü

2ü GŸÝP-P¤-Dï-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-hPÞ¾-zÞm-ºWôG-¤Dm-¾-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-ÁÛG-¾-¤-Bïh-IPÅ-±P-vôh-MãºÛ-»Û-Gï

JÀ-zô¼-ºWôG-¤Dm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-JÀ-z-±ô¼-Bïh-;-¤fô-zºÛ-zÞ-¾ôm-G»¼-XïÅü zÞ-¾ôm-¾ïm-¤Dm-HÛ-zÞ-¼zÅ-±-Mãh- Û̂Å-¤Û-±ï-ÉÛ¾-qô¼-¾Å-JÀ-VßP-PÞºÛ-P¾-¯ô¾-‚Å-bï-zÞ-¾ôm-vôh-ºW¾-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG¾Å-;ºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-z¸P-qô-»ôP-z¼-h¤ÛGÅ-bï-vôh-MãºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-ºw¼-¤ühÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-JÀ-ºzz-ºw¼-¤-vôh-qºÛ-¾¤-Æô¾ü±ôP-hôm-Zô-±ôP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hPÞ¾-

bonafides

bond

bonded labour

bonus

bonus system

book

zhïm-hqP-Mz-GZï¼ü

1ü Gm-Mü2ü Gm-º²Ûmü

P¾- ô̄¾-Gbº-G»ôG

ºzz-Çoômü

ºzz-Çoôm-vôh-Æô¾ü

Û̄Å-hïzü

Administration 60 º²Ûm-BôP-üºzz-vôh-¾ïm-ºGôh-hïzü±ôP-ºƒï¾-HÛ- Û̄Å-F-ºGôh-ÅºÛ-¤-hïzü

£G-DP-zMãh-mÅ-hïz- Û̂-¼ÛGÅ-GbôP-ÇePÅüFô¤-¼ºÛ-mP-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-¾-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-¼Ûm-fP-TÛ-®¤-DÞG-¤Ûm-¾-¤-¿eôÅ-q¼-uÛ-ºIôÅ-®¤-hÝ-z;ôh-qºÛ-¼Ûm-fP.ü¹ôÅ-G¼-DP-hP.ü ºIâ¾-Bôh-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-º²Ûm-ÁôG-¤PGÅ-Zô-‚ïh-qü¿eh-¤ô-hP.ü ºIâ¾-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¾G-º²Ûm-Zô-ÅüZô-±ôP-hP.ü vôh-¾ïm- Û̄Å-F-fô-ºGôh-‚ïh-qôüZô-±ôP-hP-ü vôh-¾ïm-HÛ- Û̄Å-F-Vïh-Z¼-HÛ-¾Å-;üÁôG-zÞºÛ-Mz-Á-Tm-HÛ-hqï-hïz-VßP-PÞ.ühGôÅ-q-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-ÇÀh-hÝ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-zTh-qºÛ-DP-VßP.ü

book ofaccounts

book post

book value

booking

booking office

book-keeper

book-keeping

booklet

booth

Û̄Å-FºÛ-hïzü

hïz-£G

hïz-z;ôh-¤-GmÅü

ÇSôm-¤PGÅü zÞG-;ÛP.ü

zÞG-;ÛP-¾Å-DÞPÅü

hïz-GZï¼-zü

hïz-GZï¼-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü

hïz-VßP.üuÛ¾-zÞü ( Þ̧¼-zTh-)DP-zÞü

61Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-ÅºÛ-uÛ¾-zÞ-hqÞP-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-±ß¾-¤Ûm-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-qüh‚ï-¤±¤Å-¤±ôm-‚ïh- Û̂-fÛGGŸm-ŸÛG-mÅ-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-hÝ-¾ïm-qühPÞ¾-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ-GŸm-mÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-¾ïm-¤DmüDï-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-wôm-Vï-G»ô¼-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-mÝÅ-qüOÛG-º²âGÅ-DG-GÛ-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-‚ïh-qôü1ü GŸÝP-¾¤-¤¤-Ç~ä-GÝ-¿e-zÞºÛ-y-

Åº¤-hôG-Åü2ü »¼-MÅ-Å¤-fôm-Bïh-¾-z¼-hÝ-

GTôh-qºÛ-Aïmü3ü Áï¾-h¤-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Ç+ï-y-Åü4ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-Oæz-q¼-ºG¾-Aïm-

‚ïh-qº¤-z¼-Vh-GbôP-zü1ü hPÞ¾- Û̄Å- Û̂- Û̄Å-ÁôG-fôG-»ôP-

ºzz-z¤-HôP-GÝm-ºGôh-ÅºÛ-fÛG

2ü G¾-Gmh-G®ô-zôº¤-Gmh-

booth capturing

border line

borrow

borrower

borrowing power

boss

bottleneck

bottom line

uÛ¾-zÞ-z®m-z Þ̧P.ü

¤±¤Å-fÛGBÛ-zü G»¼-zü

BÛ-¤Dmü G»ô¼-¤Dmü

G»ô¼-BÛºÛ-mÝÅ-qü

hqômü

1ü ºGG-hôG-Åü2ü ºGôG-Aïmü3ü h¤-zïºÛ-Ç+ïü4ü ºGôG-Aïm-z ô̧-zü

1ü ŸzÅ-fÛG2ü Gmh-ºGG-Vï-ÁôÅü

Administration 62 º²Ûm-BôP-üºGG-Vï-ÁôÅüh‚ï-¤±¤Å-Å¤-¤fº-¤±¤Åüh‚ï-¤±¤Å-¤±ôm-qºÛ-dGÅüPô-Lô¾-¤±ôm-‚ïh-hÝ-hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-±ôP-uôh-GÅÞ¤-hP.ü ‚ïh-ÇKô¼-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-qüGÅ¾-D-ºhôm-MãºÛ-±ÛG-zXôh-ÅôGÅ-ºWâG-ÅºÛ-GÝG-dGÅü±ÛG-zXôh-ÅôGÅ-GÝG-dGÅ- Û̂-mP-hÝ-ºWâG-qü¤DÅ-q-hP.ü ºyâ¾-¾Å-¾G-¯¾-Tm-HÛ-¤Û-Ço-M¾-Dz-z¤-Å-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-¤fÞm-Aïm-z¸P-ÅºÛ-Å-GmÅ-GŸm-hÝ-GmÅ-Çtô-‚Å-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-¤ÛºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-¤Û-ºhP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-H¼-züÇoÝ¤-ºDô¼-¿e-zÞ-D-ºGôG-qº¤-h¾-hÝ-GbôP-‚ïh- Û̂-±ôh-º²Ûm-¤-¾G¾Å-DÞPÅ-¿eï-z-GTÛG-GÛ-»-H¾-HÛ-¾Å-DÞPÅüFô¤-¼ºÛ-mP-Dï-¾Å-;¤-q-mÛ-¿e-zÞÅ-Åô-ÅôºÛ-fôm-µÅ-hP.ü GŸm-HÛ-fôm-µÅ-

boundary

boundary mark

boycott

bracket

bracketing

brain drain

brake

branch office

brand

¤±¤Åü¤±¤Å-dGÅüºƒï¾-fG-GTôh-qüxÛ¼-¿kôG

Áh-GÝG

Áh-GÝG-mP-ºWâG-qü

>Àh-q-xÛ-Áô¼ü ¤DÅ-q-xÛ-Áô¼ü

ºGôG

»m-¾G-¾Å-DÞPÅü

±ôP-dGÅü ¾Å-dGÅü

63Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üh‚ï-º‚ïh-GÅ¾-qô-»ôP-fzÅ- Û̂-dGÅ-hP-¤ÛP-ÅôGÅüOÛG-FÛ¤Å-Å¤-FÛ¤Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼-hP.ü DÅ-¾ïm-¿e-zÞ- Û̄Å-¤ïh-lôG-¼ô¾-GbôP-züVôh-Gm-HÛ-ºƒâ-hôm-¾-¤-GmÅ-qºÛ-ºG¾-º²ô¾ü¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-ŸÛ-zhï-¿ËÛP-ºWGÅ-¾-Gmôh-GŸÛºÛ-OÛG-ºG¾-HÛ-uôh-±ß¾üDÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-h¤-zTº-¾-¤-GmÅ-q-Çeïü ¿ËG-q¼-hÝ-GZïm-OÛG-‚-MãºÛ-h¤-zTº-hP-ºG¾-züÅô-Åô¼-zTPÅ-qºÛ-»Ûh-VïÅ-Å¤-¾Å-ºGm- Û̄Å-¤ïh-GbôP-zü1ü Iâz-VºÛ-V-ÁÅ-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-zü2ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-

ºGG-qº¤-mÝÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-Hã¼-qü‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-¤±¤Å-Vh-q-hP.ü ºHã¼-zº¤-ºGG-ÅºÛ-¤±¤Åü±ôP- ô̧P-VG-Bôm-m¤-zô¼-z½ÀG-Áô¼-z¼-GÝm-GÅz-‚ïh-±ß¾ü

breach

breach of contract

breach of peace

breach of promise

breach of trust

break down

break point

breakage

Gh¾-zÁÛG ºG¾-º²ô¾ü

Vôh-Gm-ºG¾-º²ô¾ü

ŸÛ-zhï-Gh¾-zÁÛG

D-hm-±ÛG-¾-¤-GmÅ-qü

»Ûh-VïÅ-ºG¾-º²ô¾ü

1ü V-GÅïÅ-GbôP-zü2ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-Hã¼-qü

Vh-¤±¤Åü ºHã¼-¤±¤ÅüºGG-¤±¤Åü

VG-Bôm-D-GÅzü

Administration 64 º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü M¾-Dz-z¤-±ôGÅ-Çkï-¿e-zÞ-D-fô¼-

hÝ-xÛm-qü2ü z¸º-±P-P¤-IôGÅ-qôºÛ-ºƒï¾-

¾¤-¿e-zÞ-Vh-qü¤ÛÅ-zhG-bà-z Þ̧P-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-GTÛG-qºÛ-hÝh-ºIôºÛ-mP-GÅïÅ- Û̂-Mãh-q-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛGÆôG-VGÅ-hP- Û̄-ÁÛP-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸GÆôG-VGÅ-hP- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅ-¤fÞm-qº¤-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-wm-±ßm-¢ô¼-Çkïz- Û̂Å-Mãh-Çtï¾-‚ïh-qüzXôh-q-fÞP-PÞ¼-uôh-±ß¾üVP-¼G-z ô̧-IÔ¼P-hôm-Oæz-Vïh-hÝ-¿+ôG-bà-vôh-qºÛ-Mãº¤-hPôÅ-qôü¿+ôG-Qm-vïôh-¾ïm-HÛ-‚-uôhü1ü hôm-GÅ¾-¾-±ÛG-ZÝP-zºÛ-zXôh-qü2ü z;ôh-‚ãÅ-¾¤-Çeôm-m¤-ÇSôm-±ßh-hÝ-

GmÅ-±ß¾-MãÅ-Çeôm-‚ïh-qü¤Û-ŸÛG-¾-z;ôh-‚ãÅ-¾¤-Çeôm-m¤-ÇSôm-

break-up

breed

breeder

breeding

brevity

brewery

bribe

bribery

brief

briefing

1ü D-ºfô¼-züÅÛ¾-zÞ¼-ºfô¼-zü

2ü ºƒï¾-fG-Vh-qü

Mãh-qü

Mãh-Çtï¾-‚ïh-qôü

Mãh-Çtï¾ü

ÇkÝh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüVP-¼G-z ô̧-IÔ¿+ôG-Qmü

¿+ôG-Qm-vôh-¾ïmü1ü Gmh-zÇkÝÅü2ü MãÅ-Çeôm-‚ïh-qü

MãÅ-Çeômü

65Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü±ßh-hÝ-MãÅ-Çeôm-‚ïh-±ß¾ühqÞP-Çkï-hP.ü ¤hº-ÁôG-GÛ-IPÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¤ïh-qºÛ-h¤G-ÇkïºÛ-±m-qüEh-hÝ-ºwGÅ-qºÛ-ÁïÅ-¼z-¤Pº-züz½‰m-ºyÛm-m¤-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-HÛ-¾Å-¼Û¤-¤P-±ôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-M-Ez-bà-zÆÛPÅ-qüÁôG-¿Ëï-Vïm-qôºÛ-ÇeïP-q¼-z;ôh-‚Å-qºÛ-Ez-zOGÅüOÛG-º²âGÅ-Å¤-fôm-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-Ç+ô¼-q¼-¼ÛÅ-Tm-HÛ-Pô-vôh-hÝ-z½‰m-hïz-VßP-PÞºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG±ôP-q-wm-±ßm-hz¼-Pô-±z-‚Å-Çeï-Zô-±ôP-‚Å-qºÛ-VP-¼Ûm-¾ïm-¤Ûü1ü z¼-±ôP-‚ïh-qôºÛ-¾Å-hômü2ü z¼-±ôP-‚ïh-qô¼-vh-MãºÛ-JÀ-Vü¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-GbP-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü¾Å-hôm-Vï-Gï-¤ôºÛ-Vïh-ºV¼-hPÞ¾-zGô-ºIï¤Å-MÅ-zThü

brigade

brilliant

broadcast

broadsheet

brochure

broker

brokerage

budget

budget allocation

h¤G-Çkïü

¼ÛG-¯¾-TmüMP-ÆÛP-‚ïh-qü

zOGÅ-ÁôG-Vïm-¤ôü

Pô-vôh-hïz-VßP.ü

z¼-±ôP-qü z¼-Dï-zü

1ü z¼-Dï-zºÛ-±ôP-¾Åü2ü z¼-DïüÇSôm- Û̄Åü

ÇSôm- Û̄Å-zGô-ºIï¤Åü

Administration 66 º²Ûm-BôP-üM¾-Dz-¿e-zÞ-wm-±ßm-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-GZÛÅ-Û̂-z¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-GôP-zÞ-wÞP-GÅÞ¤-qü¤ÛºÛ-ºhÝG-GmÅ-Å¤-hPôÅ-µÅ-ºWôG-ÅºÛ- Û̄G-hPôÅ- Û̂-¤ÛP.ü1ü zôPÅ-±h-h¤-Eôm-ºzô¼-Vïm-qôü2ü Iâ-G Û̧PÅ- Û̂-hôÅ- ô̧G-G¤-hï-hG-

ºWôG-ÅºÛ-GmÅühï-¤-fG-bà-q¼-Cæm-m¤-MP-zÆÛPÅ-‚-MãºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-GÅ¼-GmÅ-GÅ¾-zOGÅü1ü ÇoÝ¤-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Mz-¤hÝm-hÝ-

zÇK¼-zºÛ-zlz-ÁÝGÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh- Û̂-ºHÛG-G¤-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-m¼-¤ôü

2ü Mãm-¿km-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-ºzï¾-qôüMãm-¿km-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-Çeôm-ºƒÅ-¾ïGÅ-qôü1ü ¯¾-¾¤-ºWôm-fP-hzïm-qºÛü2ü ¾G-q-G®ô-zô¼-‚Å-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-

ºGÝ¾-Bôh- Û̂-¯¾-¾G-¤ïh-qü1ü ¾Å-ÇÀ-zô¼-ºDÞ¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ-

Åï¤Å-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-lôG-FïÅ-¿UÛ-¤ôü2ü Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-EôG-±ôh- Û̂-

hôÅ- ô̧G

buffer

building

bulk

bulletin

bumper

bumper crop

bungling

burden

z¼-GmÅü

DP-qü

1ü wôm-Vïmü2ü Iâ-hôÅü

Iâ-G Û̧PÅ- Û̂-hôÅ-DP.ü(GŸÝP-ºƒï¾ü)GÅ¼-ºyÛmü

1ü zlz-¾ïmü „Ë¤-q¼ü2ü VïÅ-ºzï¾-qôü

¾ô-¾ïGÅü

1ü ÁïÅ-ºWôm-¤ïh-qºÛü2ü ¯¾-¾G-¤ïh-qºÛü

1ü DÞ¼-¿UÛü2ü IâºÛ-EôG-±hü

67Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü1ü GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¾Å-DÞPÅ-Å¤-

¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-GÅïÅ-±m-qü

2ü GmÅ-±ß¾-zÇkÝ-¾ïm-m¤-¤Dô-vôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Dï-¾Å-Å¤-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG

GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-Çeïü GŸÝP-hïºÛ-hqôm-¼ÛGÅ-±P-¤-hP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-±P-¤ºÛ-uÛºÛ-¤ÛP.üJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-GÅ-ºfô¼-¼¤-ºz¼-GÅü1ü ¼P-GÛ-º±ô-dïm-HÛ-¾Å-;-G®ô-zôü2ü ±ôP-¾Å-Å¤ü z ô̧-¾Åü

Vïh-¾Å-zTÅ- Û̂-Zô-±ôP-¾Å-hômü

¤Û-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-±ôP-hôm-GZï¼-¤Dm-HÛ-Pô-±zü±ôP-ºƒï¾-¾¤-z ô̧-¾Å- Û̂-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-‚ïh-qôühï-ÇS¼-z®ôPÅ- Û̧m-qº¤-zhG-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-ÇÀ¼-»P-Zô-züT-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞ-¼Ûm-ºzz-vh-hï-Zô-¤Dmü

bureau

bureaucracy

burst

business

business agent

businessman

buy-back

buyer

1ü GŸÝP-¾Å-DP.ühôm-GTôh-DP.ü

2ü GmÅ-±ß¾-zÇkÝ-vôh-¾Å-DÞPÅü

hqôm-hzP-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅü

JÀô-zÞ¼-ºz¼-GÅü

±ôP-¾Åü

±ôP-hôm-Pô-±z-qü

±ôP-qü

ÇÀ¼-Zôü

Zô-¤Dmü

Administration 68 º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾G-qºÛ- ô̄¾-z-¾-zdïm-qºÛü

»Û-Gï-ÅôGÅ-£G-DP-zMãh-mÅ-GbôP-züIôÅ-±ôGÅ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾Å-hÝÅ-¤-G®P-GôP-±ï-¾Å-ºhÅ-qº¤ühGôPÅ-ŸÝ-‚Å-qºÛ-@P-±z-Gh¤-MãºÛ-ºôÅ-zÇkÝüOÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-º²Ûm-BôP-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-Vïh-hÝ-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-h¤Û‡-zÅ¾-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-hP-OÛG-GŸÛü1ü Iâº¤-Iâ-G Û̧PÅ-mP-GÛ-¤Û-Z¾-ÅºÛ-

DP-VßP.ü2ü ÁÛP-mGÅ- Û̂-Fôh-hÝ-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-ÁÛP-

DP-VßP-VßP.ü3ü Gm¤-Iâ-hP-¤Dº-IâºÛ-mP-ºIâ¾-

q-Çkôh-ÅüM¾-Dz- Û̂-hzÞ-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-GŸÝP-GÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-Å¤ü ¿Ëm-DP-DG-GÛ-ºGô-FÛh-h¤ü ºGm-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qô¼-zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-z;º-„Àôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü¤±ô-ºôG-¿UGÅ-Ç+Ýh-zMãh-mÅ-xÛ-M¾-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-b¼-ºyÛmü1ü OÛG-º²âGÅ-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-z;ôh-OÛG-

by hand

by post

bye election/byelection

bye law/by law

cabin

cabinet

cablegram

cadre

¾G- ô̄¾-¾-zdïm-qºÛü¾G-fôG£G-fôGD-Ç+ôP-ºôÅ-zÇkÝü

mP-FÛ¤Åü

;ï-zÛmü

z;º-ÁG

¤±ô-ºôG-b¼-ºyÛmü

1ü @P-¾ïm-¾Å-‚ïhü

69Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü¾-PïÅ-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-¢ôP-zl¼-Tm-HÛ-¤Û-Vü

2ü ;ü GÅ¼-zXïºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Dï-wm-HÛ-ÇÀh-hÝ-¾Å-TÛ-»P-Oæz-fÞz-qºÛ-Èà¼-z¯ôm-¤Û-ÇoºÛ-Çkï-DG

Dü hï-¿e-zÞºÛ-Èà¼-z ô̄m-hqÞP-DG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-ŸÛG

Gôh-VG-Vïm-qô-hP-ÇkÝG-zÇS¾-iG-qô-»ôP-GŸÛºÛ-hôm-AïmüÛ̄Å-ºƒÅ-ºhôm-q¼-z;ô¾-zºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-VßP-IÅ-ÁÛGÍP- Û̄Å-Å¤-Gbm-±ÛGÅ-¼ÛG-qºÛ-fzÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ- Û̄Å-zÇ+ô¼-zº¤-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-fzÅü1ü calculating machine ¾-

¿eôÅü2ü Û̄Å-Å¤- Û̄Å-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-

z;ô¾-uôh-¾-¤DÅ-qü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¹-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-ÅôGÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-¾ô-fô-ÁôG-AP-¤º¤-ÁôG-¿Ëï-ZÝP-ÁÅ-Tmü¾ô-GTÛG-¹-z-zTß-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-GTÛG

calamity

calculatingmachine

calculation

calculator

calendar

calendar month

OÛG-IÅ-¾Å-‚ïhüÇ+¾-IÅ-¾Å-‚ïhü

2ü ;ü (GÅ¼-zXïºÛ-)Èà¼-z ô̄m-hqÞP-Çkïü

Dü (GÅ¼-zXïºÛ-)Èà¼-z ô̄m-qü

Aïm-Pm-±zÅ-Vïü

Û̄Å-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü

Û̄Å-MG

1ü Û̄Å-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü2ü Û̄Å-¤Dmü

¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü

xÛ-¹ü

Administration 70 º²Ûm-BôP-ücalendar year

calling

camp

campaign

campus

cancel

xÛ-¾ôü

º±ô-fzÅ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü

ÇK¼ü

1ü h¤G-ºGÝ¾ü2ü ¾Å-ºGÝ¾ü

1ü Dô¼-»ÞG2ü ÇÀôz-GZï¼-HÛ-¤Û-±ïü

1ü ¤ïh-q¼-z ô̧-zü2ü z;ô¾-dGÅ-MG-qü3ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü

xÛ-¹-1±ïÅ-1mÅ-xÛ-¹-12±ïÅ-31z¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü¤Û-Åô-Åô¼-¢ôP-zl¼-hP-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-fôz-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅüh¤G-¤Ûº¤ü ºƒôG-qü ºIâ¾-q-¿e-zÞºÛ-ºy¾-Åï¾-Çkôh-GmÅ- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-GÝ¼-hP.ü uÛ¾-zÞ-¿e-zÞ-ÅôGÅ-I-zOÛGÅ-qºÛ-Å-Vü1ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-ºIâz-ÇÀh-

¼Û¤-q¼-zMz-qºÛ-h¤G-ºfzü2ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-Vï-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇÀh-

hÝ-±-±-ºÞ¼-ºÞ¼-hÝ-Çtï¾-zºÛ-¾Å-hômü

1ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-ÇÀôz-IÔ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-DP-q-hP.ü hïºÛ-¤fº-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-Å-V-»ôPÅ-µôGÅü

2ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz- Û̂-¤Û-±ïº¤-ÁïÅ-»ôm-HÛ-h Û̂¾-ºDô¼ü

1ü I-OÛG-‚Å-̧ Ûm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG-TÛG-¤Û-hGôÅ-qºÛ-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qü

2ü £G-dGÅ-¿e-zÞ¼-zïh-uôh-‚Å- Û̧m-qºÛ-dGÅ-zMz-Çeï-»P-zB¼-zïh-uôh-¤ïh-q-z ô̧-zü

3ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-GÛ-ºGm-ŸÛG-mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zº¤-¤ïh-q¼-z ô̧-zü

71Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ücancellation

candidate

candidature

cantonment

canvassing

capability

capable

1ü ¤ïh-q¼-z ô̧-zü2ü z;ô¾-dGÅü3ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-z ô̧-zü

ºôÅ-GŸÛü ºôÅ-¤Ûü

ºôÅ-GŸÛºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅü

h¤G-ÇK¼üºôÅ-ÁôG-Ç+Ý¾-ÇÀôP.ü

ºWôm-fP.ü

ºWôm-fP-Tmü

1ü ÇS¼-I-OÛG-‚Å- Û̧m-qº¤üfG-zTh-qºÛ-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-XïÅ-Åô¼-¤Û-hGôÅ-qºÛ-fG-GTôhü

2ü £G-dGÅ-¿e-zÞ-zB¼-hÝ-zïh-uôh-¤ïh-q-z ô̧-MãºÛ-dGÅü

3ü FÛ¤Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGm-ºFÛ-¿e-zÞ-¾G-zÇe¼-¤Û-hGôÅ-qº¤ü Û̄-ºWôG-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-z ô̧-zºÛ-‚-GŸG

1ü ¾Å-GmÅ-Å¤-ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-Gô-GmÅ-ºfôz-fzÅ- Û̂-ºIm-ÇkÝ¼-mP-ŸÝGÅ-¤Ûü

2ü Gô-GmÅ-hP.ü ‚-hGºü Vï-zÇeôh-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-ÇÀh-hÝ-ºôÅ-¢ô¼-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zôü

ºôÅ-GŸÛºÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅüh¤G-¤Û-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-ÇK¼üºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-¤Dm-n¤Å-¾-Ç+Ý¾-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-fzÅü¾Å-hôm-¾ïGÅ-qô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-¿km-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü¾Å-hôm-¾ïGÅ-qô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-¿km-qü

Administration 72 º²Ûm-BôP-ücapacity

capital

capital account

capitalexpenditure

capitalinvestment

1ü ÁôP-±hü2ü ;ü ºWôm-fP.ü

Dü (fôm-Bïh- Û̂-)¤P-¤fºÛ-±hü

3ü ºGmü4ü hzP-Vü

1ü ¤-¯ü ¤-º²âGÅü2ü ;ü M¾-Åü

Dü ¿eï-GmÅü3ü G®P-zhG-D¼-hzP.ü

1ü ¤-º²âGÅ- Û̄Å-Fü2ü ¤-GmÅ- Û̄Å-Fü

¤-¯ºÛ-ºIô-Iômü¤-º²âGÅ-ºIô-Iômü¤-º²âGÅü

1ü DP-q-hP.ü Çoôh-¿e-zÞºÛ-mP-WÛ-®¤-ÁôP-zºÛ-±hü

2ü ;ü ¾Å-;-‚ïh-qº¤-fôm-Bïm-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü

Dü fôm-Bïh-¤P-¤fºÛ-±hü3ü ¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-ºGmü4ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-GÛ-ºôÅ-zzÅ-Å¤-hzP-

±hü1ü D¼-hzP-M-Bïh- Û̂-Vïh-hÝ-¤-

º²âGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-dïmü2ü ;ü GŸÝP-GÛ-¿eï-GmÅü

Dü ¾Å-ºGÝ¾-Vï-Gï-¤ôº¤-z ô̧-¾Å- Û̂-zÇeÛ-GmÅü

3ü ±ôP-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-Mã-hPôÅ-¾Å-GŸm-¾-vôh-ÇKô-WÛ-»ôh-ºyÛÅ- Û̧m-qºÛ-¿ËG-¤ü

1ü M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-mP-M¾-uÛºÛ-uÛ-ÇKï¼-ÅÞ-¼ÞP-GÛÅ-¤-¯-zŸG-q-hP-ü M¾-Dz-hï-mÅ-xÛºÛ-M¾-Dz-hÝ-¤-¯-zŸG-q-GZÛÅ- Û̂-z¼-Ehü

2ü ±ôP-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-hÝÅ-¤±¤Å-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤-GmÅ- Û̄Å-ÁôG

hÝÅ-¼ÛP-D¼-hzP-zhG-fôz-Vïh-hÝ-ºIô-Iôm-zbP-zºÛ-¤-hPÞ¾üÅ-DP-hP.ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Vïh-


capital punishment

capitulation

capture

carbon copy

card index

care

ÆôG-fôG-ZïÅ-Vhü

¤Gô-zbGÅ- Û̄Å-ºzÞ¾ü

1ü ;ü ºWâ-z Þ̧P-‚ïh-qüDü »Ûh-ºGÝG-qü

2ü ;ü ºWâ-z Þ̧P.üDü z Þ̧P-zºÛ-¤Ûº¤- hPôÅ-qôü

1ü ÇoG-ÁôG-ºi-zÁÝÅü2ü q¼-zÁÝÅü

ÁôG-‚P-h;¼-VG

1ü ¿e-BôP.ü2ü G¸z-mmü3ü Åï¤Å-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qü

¤-¯-GbôP-züZïÅ-Tm-q-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-fG-zTh-qºÛ-ÆôG-fôG-GÛ-ZïÅ-VhüV-Aïm-m¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-PïÅ-Tm-ºôG-DÅ-¾ïm-‚Å-qºÛ-¤Gô-ºzÞ¾ü1ü ;ü iG-ÁÝGÅ-Å¤-G»ô-fzÅ-

¾-zdïm-mÅ-z®m-z Þ̧P-z;G-Z¼-‚ïh-qü

Dü »Ûh-Åï¤Å-¿e-zÞ-ºGÝG-qü2ü ;ü iG-ÁÝGÅ-Å¤-fzÅ-¾-

zdïm-mÅ-º²Ûm-q-hP.üºEï¼-zü fôz-qºÛ-‚-uôhü

Dü z Þ̧P-zº¤-fôz-qºÛ-¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qôü

1ü ÇoG-ÁôG-zïh-uôh-zbP-mÅ-z ô̧Å-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-¿e-zÞºÛ-ºi-zÁÝÅü

2ü GŸm-ŸÛG-hP-ÁÛm-bà-ºi-zºÛ-¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qôü

Gô-¼Û¤-Vï-Gï-¤ôºÛ-ÇeïP-zOÛGÅ-qºÛ-ÁôG-‚P-h;¼-VG1ü ¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qô¼-ÆâP-Bôz-hP-¿e-

BôP.ü2ü ŸÛz-yºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-


1ü ¤Û-±ïºÛ-ºIôÅü2ü ¤hÝm-¾¤ü

¿e-dôG-ÆÛh-GŸÝP.ü

hôÅ- ô̧G

1ü ÁÛP-d-ºDô¼-¾ôü2ü ¤ï-ºDô¼-DP-¤ÛG3ü hôÅ-JÀü4ü ¾ÞÅ- Û̂-n¤-ºHã¼ü

ºô¼-ºiïm-qü

G¸z-mm-Vï-zºÛ-hô-ÇoP.ü3ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-G¾-Vïm-hÝ-z Û̄Å-bï-hï-

¾-hô-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qº¤ü »P-m-„Àô-w¤-qü

1ü uÛ¼-zbP-¤Û-±ïºÛ-‚-GŸG-GÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

2ü ¤Û-±ï-Bï¾-ÇePÅ-bïü º±ô-fzÅ-Å¤-º±ô-¾Åü

ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GTÛG-¤WâG-OÛ¾-z-hP.üÆÛh-GŸÝP-GŸm-ŸÛG-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-z¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-fÞP-PÞºÛ-¼ÛP-GŸÝP-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-¿e-dôG-‚ïh-qôºÛ-GŸÝP.üIâ-G Û̧PÅ-hP-Gm¤-Iâ hôÅ-Bï¾-ÇoÝ¤-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mP-hzô¼-ºiïm-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-hPôÅ- ô̧G1ü dÅ-ºfïm-MãºÛ-ºDô¼-¾ô-zŸÛ-Tm-HÛ-

ÁÛP-dü2ü ¤ï-ºDô¼-HÛ-ºIâ¾-q-Çkôh-ÅºÛ-DP-

Oô¤ü3ü hPôÅ- ô̧G-Bï¾-ºiïm-HÛ-ºIô-Iômü4ü ¤Û-ŸÛG-»¼-¾PÅ-q-hP.ü ºIô-zü

Çkôh-q-zTÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-G Þ̧GÅ-qôºÛ-ºEï¼-z ô̧ü

hPôÅ- ô̧G-G¤-ºIâ¾-q-Å-V-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-bà-Bï¾-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-Dï-¾Å-

career

caretakergovernment

cargo

carriage

carrier

75Administration º²Ûm-BôP-üÁÛG¯ÛÅ-F-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÁôG-¿Ëï-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ-Çkô¤-ºzô¼-XïÅ-¤¼-ºEï¼-z-¿e-zÞü1ü Gô-OÛG-hP-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hGôÅ-

qºÛ-¾Å-;-ŸÛG-‚ïh-qü2ü ¼P-GÛÅ-‚-Mã-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qº¤-

GŸm-HÛÅ-¤PGÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-hôm-Oæz-qü

1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºV¼-GŸÛ-¿e¼-‚ïh-¤-fÞz-qº¤-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-¤-fÞz-q¼-ºHPÅ-qü

2ü GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ºHã¼- Û̧m-ˆP-¤Þ-¤fÞh-hï-GmÅ-qº¤-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-‚ïh-qü

1ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïm-m¤-hzô¼-ºiïm-HÛ-‚-GŸG

2ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïm-HÛ-ºIô-Iômü

carry forward

carry out

carry over

cartage

¤hÝm-ºEï¼ü

1ü ¾G-¾ïm-zÇe¼-zü2ü D-Vh-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-qü

1ü xÛ¼-ºHPÅ-‚ïh-qü2ü mÝÅ-qºÛ-Mãm-GmÅ-qü

1ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïmü2ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-JÀü


Medicine & Astrology Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅü77


Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-zl-VhüMEDICAL & ASTROLOGICAL TERMS

zôh-GŸÝP-Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP.üMEN-TSE-KHANG / TMAI

Medicine & Astrology 78 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅüabacterial

abortion

abscess

acedia

acidity

acidosis

acne

acroarthritis

acrobphobia

y-ÆÛm-¤ïh-qü

¤P¾-h‚ãP.ü ¤P¾-GmÅ-h‚ãP-zü

nG-Cmü nG-ºzÞ¼ü

»Ûh-ŸÝ¤-qü »Ûh-¤Û-hGº-zü

Vß-Bå¼ü

Bå¼-hÝG

ÆÛm-fô¼ü zh-fô¼ü

Åô¼-±ÛGÅ-Iâ¤-zÞü

¤fô-ºWÛGÅü

ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-Bï-¿km-Bï-ºwï¾-¤Û-mÝÅ-qº¤-¤ïh-qºÛü‚ÛÅ-q-z®º-hÝÅ-¤-¼m-GôP-¤P¾-mÅ-xÛ¼-h‚ãP-zº¤-Bå¼-zü¤±ôm-hP-±ï¼-¤-ÅôGÅ- Û̂Å-zÇoh-Å¼-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-wÞP-Iâz-ÁÛ-z-¾-zdïm-mÅ-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-nG-GÅôG-qü‚-z-GP-»P-‚-ºhôh-¤ïh-q¼-Zôz-ÇoP-Bï-zºÛ-Åï¤Å-mhüzh-;m-mh-GŸÛÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-wô-zºÛ-mP-Bå¼-µÅ-ºwï¾-züFG-GÛ-mP-Bå¼-±Ð-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛ-Bômü¾P-±ô-h¼-Ç+zÅ-GhôP-hP-ƒP-DôG-ÅôGÅ-¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-fô¼-q-nG-¤Gô-Tmü@P-¾G-GÛ-¤²âz-¤ôºÛ-±ÛGÅ-GŸÛ¼-GZm-D-zMz-qºÛ-mhüÈ-TP-¤fô-Å¼-ºIô-¤Û-mÝÅ-qºÛ-hPPÅ-CG


¾ÞÅ-zôPÅ-¿ËG-qü

»m-¾G-GÛ-mhüxãGÅ- Û̂-GZm-mhü

©ïm-zÞºÛ-m- Þ̧G

©ïm-zÞºÛ-GZm-±hü¯-Cmü

©ïm-Cmü½ÀâP-Cmü ½ÀâP-ºEÛ¤ü

L-züÁïÅ-q-º±ßz-qü

acromegaly

acropathy

actinomycosis

adenalgia

adenitis

adenofibroma

adenoma

aerocele

aging

agitation

zh-;m-©ïm-zÞÅ-Bïh-qºÛ-Ç+Ý¾-µÅ-Û̂-‚ïh-¾Å-¤P-zºÛ-Bôm-HÛÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-qôºÛ-º±¼-¾ôP-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zü@P-¾G-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-mhümh-ºzÞ-y-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-xãGÅ-mh-¤Û-¾ºP-ºGô-ÆÛh-q-ŸÛGÇoï-Å-DÞh-hP-¤Vm-DÞP-©ïm-zÞ-ÅôGÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-©ïm-zÞ¼-m- Þ̧G-º‚ãP-zü©ïm-zÞ¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qü¤P¾-hP-mÝ-¤-ÅôGÅ-¾-¤P-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¯-MãÅ-hP-©ïm-zÞºÛ-Cm-lôG-Tm-HÛ-GôP-zÞü©ïm-zÞºÛ-Mã-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-Cm-lôGMã-¾ôP-ÅôGÅ-¼P-‚ãP-ÇeôP-VºÛ-mP-½ÀâP-GôP-zÞ¼-iÛ¾-mÅ-Ç~ôÅ-MPÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-mhü¾ô-m-LÅ-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü½ÀâP-mh-h¤-Åï¤Å-D¤Å-¤Û-zhï-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-Åï¤Å-ŸÛ-h¾-hÝ-¤Û-GmÅ-

Medicine & Astrology 80 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅü

FG-;¼-¸h-qü¤Ûh-h;º-züm- Þ̧G-iG-qôü Í-mºÛ- Þ̧Gºh¼-±hüGZm-mh-¼ïG-hÝG

JÀïm-qüºƒâ¤-q-h;¼-qôü Á-¼-B-Á¼ü

Ço¼-¤ü

Þ̧G-G ï̧¼-Vï-VßP.üG ï̧¼-ºWÛGÅ-iG-qôü

aglecemia

aglutation

agony

ague

AIDS

akalamathesia

alastrim

aldebran

algesia

algophobia

qüFG-mP-GÛ-;-¼ºÛ-µÅ-¸h-qºÛ-BômüD-¸Å-¤Ûh-Hã¼-GbôP-h;º-zºÛ-mhüm- Þ̧G-ÁÛm-bà-Vïm-qôüºh¼-±h-ÅôGÅ-±-zºÛ-mh- Û̂-zl-½‰ÛP.ü¤ÛºÛ-¾ÞÅ- Þ̧PÅ-¸h-qºÛ-GZm-mh-(HIV) ¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å-ÆÛm-ºzÞ-ºFâGÅ-qºÛ-mhü hïÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-mh-¼ÛGÅ-ÇSôm-ºGôG-GÛ-mÝÅ-q-Z¤Å-q¼-‚ïh-qÅ-ÆôG-¾-Zïm-±zÅ-VïüGô-ÇeôzÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-JÀïm-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅüzh-;m-Hã¼-zºÛ-ºƒâ¤-zÞºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-¿Ë-ºƒâ¤-»P-zºÛ-IÅ-ÁÛGMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zŸÛ-qü(¼P-¾ÞGÅ-Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-hP-qô-f-Ç+¼-¾-PôÅ-º²Ûm-qºÛ-Gô-¼Û¤-¿e¼-¼ôü)m- Þ̧G-GÛ-±ô¼-z-iG-Ÿmüm- Þ̧G-¾-CG-hPPÅ-iG-qôü


»-z->Ä-¼-¤P-Bômü

¤Û-ºyôh-qü

¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü

C-‚Ûü

Iô-zŸÛmü

¾-hÝG

Í¾-²-¤Û¼-mhü

¾ôP-zºÛ-PP-±ß¾üMã-Lm-HÛ-mhü

alkalosis

allergy

almanac

alopecia/acomia

altair

altitudesickness

Alzhemerdisease

amaurosis

amebiasis

FG-Mãm-mP-mÅ-±ÛG-f¾-z-¤P-iGÅ-qºÛ-BômüD-¸Å-hP-ü Ç̈mü f¾-lÝ¾-ÅôGÅ-¤-ºyôh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-qGÅ-q¼-h¤¼-CPÅ-VGÅ-qü ¸-ºyâG-¾P-zü £Ûh-q-MG-q-ÅôGÅ-±ô¼-Bïm-qºÛ-Bômü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-G¸º-Ç+¼-HÛ-zIôh-q-¾-GŸÛGÅ-bï-ºwô-ºHã¼-hP-zhï-ÇkÝG-GÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-TÛ-º‚ãP-GÅ¾-zºÛ-hïz-VßP-üC-ÆÛm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Aïm-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-C-‚Û-zºÛ-mhüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-Zï¼-GZÛÅ-qüM-¤±ôºÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-wÛ-‡Û-zMh-ÇeôP-zL¾-zºÛ-¤fô-Å¼-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Aïm-hzÞGÅ-¤Û-ºhP-q-hP-¤Gô-m-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀâP-mhühzP-¯ºÛ-mÝÅ-ÇeôzÅ-ƒÛ-mÅ-im-ÁïÅ-Z¤Å-qºÛ-Bômü¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤Û-¤fôP-zºÛ-BômüÇ~äz-GTÛG-hÝ¤-BïÅ-y-ÆÛm-HÛÅ-Aïm-qÅ-Mã-¤¼-GZm-D-zMzÅ-mÅ-FG-hP-zï-ÇozÅ-zÁ¾-zü

Medicine & Astrology 82 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅüMã-G¸ï¼ü

¹-¤±m-Çkô¤-qü

Ç‰ÛP-FG-Mã-z-Z¤Å-qü

im-q-¤Û-GÅ¾-zü

¤ÛG-IÛzü ¼z-¼Ûzü

ÆâP-ºDô¼ü ÆâP-P.ü

zÁ¾-mhü ºxïÅ-mhü

Ç+ô¤-hh-Vï-züwô-VôÅ-¤Û-¿km-qü

amebicdysentry

amenia/amenorrhea

AMI heartattack (acutemyocardialinfraction)

amnesia

amplyopia/anopsia

amulet

amyotrophicleteral sclerosis

anadipsia

anandria

Ç~äz-GTÛG-hÝ¤-BïÅ- Û̂-mh-ºzÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-Mã-¤¼-GZm-D-MÅ-mÅ-FG-hP-zï-ÇozÅ-zÁ¾-zü¹-¤±m-hÝÅ-fôG-¤Û-ºzz-qº¤-ºGG-qºÛ-¤ô-mhüÇ‰ÛP-GÛ-Á-Gmh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-Z¤Å-Bôm-HÛÅ-Ç‰ÛP-¯-ºGG-qºÛ-²-iG-GÛ-mh-±zÅ-Vïmü

>Àh-qºÛ-hzP-¯¼-Bôm-GP-¼ÞP-GÛÅ-im-ÁïÅ-Z¤Å-mÅ-»Þm-¾ôm-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-im-GÅô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-Bômü¤ÛG-GÛ-hzP-qô¼-Bôm-¤ïh-q-¿e¼-ÇoP-»P-¤fôP-ÁÝGÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-Bômümh-Ghôm-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-º±ï-z-¾Å-ÆâP-ŸÛP.ü ±ï-zÅôh-ÅôGÅ-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Aïm-ºIâz-Vïh-Mãm-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-¾-zTP-MãºÛ-‚Ûm-µÅüMãPÅ-z-Z¤Å-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¯-h;¼-HÛ-mh-TÛGÇ+ô¤-q-ÁÛm-bà-Vï-zºÛ-mhüwô-¾ÛP-hP-D-Çtä-ÅôGÅ-wô-»Û-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-


¼ïG-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qü¼ô-®-Z¤Å-qüCm-HÛ-Pô-zôüiÛ-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qüÇo-ÁïÅ-Z¤Å-qüB-¡zü

PG-¿+ÝGÅ-qü½ÀâP-¸hüÇ‰ÛP-GÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ï¼ü

¯-GZmü¾ô-dGÅü

ÁÛP-¼ïPÅü

anaphia

anaphrodisia

anaplasia

anasmia

andomia

anemia

anepia

aneuria

anginal pain

angitis

animal sign

ankylosingspondylitis

¿km-qü¼ïG-‚-±ô¼-z-hP-ƒ¾-züºFÛG-uôh- Û̂-ºhÝm-q-Z¤Å-qºÛ-BômüCm-HÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüÇo-»Û-iÛ-±ô¼-Ÿm-qº¤-Z¤Å-qüÇo-»ÛÅ-iÛ-¤Û-±ô¼-zºÛ-Bômü¤FÛÅ-q-¤hPÅ-zNå¼-HÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Z¤Å-Aïm- Þ̧PÅ-FG-GÛ-Ç~äG-ym-h¤¼-qô-hï-BïÅ-q-¾-IPÅ-zTß-zŸÛ-hP-zÞh-¤ïh-¾-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-VïÅ-ZÝP-zºÛ-BômüPG-GÛÅ-¬-zXôh-¤Û-fÞz-qühzP-¯ºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-¤Û-ºhP-zºÛ-BômüƒP-GÛ-mÝ-G»ôm-ÇeïP-mÅ-¾G-G»ôm-PôÅ-ÅÞ-Gmôm-z®Û¼-HÛÅ-Mã-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G ï̧¼üFG-¯ºÛ-GZm-Dü¾ô-Åô-Åô-¤±ôm-‚ïh- Û̂-ÆôG-VGÅ-(‚Û-z-mÅ-wG-z¼-zTß-GZÛÅ-qô-GP-¼ÞP.ü)

±ÛGÅ-GŸÛ¼-GZm-D-zMz-mÅ-¼ÞÅ-


GhÝz-º²Ûmü

¤ÛG-G»ÞP.ü

¼ô-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qü D-¤P¾ü»Û-G-ºVßÅ-qü

pômü

mG-µÅ-JÀô-mhü

xãGÅ-mh-GZm-¼Û¤Åü

1ü z¹ôG-¼Û¤ü2ü GZïm-qôü

Åï¤Å-º±zü

annular eclipse

anopsia

anorchism

anorexianervosa

antares

anthracosis

anthrax

antidote

anxiety/

±ÛGÅ-ºGÝ¾-h;º-zü¤Þ-Eãh-¿km-qºÛ-ZÛ-º²Ûmü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-h Û̂¾-ºDô¼-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-zOÛzÅ-ˆP-¤fºÛ-¤Þ-Eãh-ÇKô¼-¤ô¼-¤fôP-zºÛ-ZÛ-º²Ûm-‚ï-ƒG¤ÛG-GÛÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-GÅ¾-qô¼-¤Û-¤fôP-zºÛ-Bômü¿Uï-»ÛÅ-ƒô-z-¤Û-±ô¼-zºÛ-BômüÅï¤Å-mh-h¤-½ÀâP-mh- Û̂-Aïm-qÅ-D-¸Å-Û̂-hP-G-ºGG-qüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zTô-zMh-qümG-µÅ- Û̂-f¾-lÝ¾-mP-hÝ-Qâz-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-JÀô-z¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qüÓ̄-G¸m-ÆôG-VGÅ- Û̂-FG-Mãm-mP-mh-ÆÛm-h‚ã-GÝºÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-Tm-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Aïm-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å-±zÅ-Vïm-ŸÛG1ü Pm-ºƒÅ-z¹ôG-fzÅ- Û̂-GZïm-qôºÛ-

ŸzÅ-¼Û¤-¤¤-zTôÅ-fzÅü2ü ¾ÞÅ- Û̂-mP-hÝG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Gmôh-qºÛ-

mÝÅ-q-z¹ôG-fÞz-qºÛ-µÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zü

Åï¤Å-F¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-Åï¤Å-mP-


Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¯ºÛ-GZm-±hü¤Ûh-h;º-zü¼ïG-ºWÛGÅü

GTïmü

G¸º-IÛzü IÛz-Bômü

Mã-¿ËG-GZm-±hü

hPPÅ-¿+ÝGÅü

zM¾-zü ºzôG-qü¤ôm-IâzÞ¤-qü

Zïm-D-hP-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP-ü ô̧¾-¤Û-zhï-z-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-hPPÅ-±zÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-½ÀâP-mhüÇ‰ÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¯-G®ô-zô¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qüD-¸Å-¤Ûh-h;º-zºÛ-mhüGŸm-HÛÅ-¼ïG-q¼-hôGÅ-qºÛ-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP.üDºÛ-mP-hP-¤Vß-bô¼-Vß-¿KP-ºi-zºÛ-CP-ºzÞ¼-»P-»P-fôm-mhü

>Àh-q-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-FG-¯-¼¾-lô¾-‚ãP-Aïm-JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-hzP-¯-IÛz-mÅ-¼Û¾-zº¤-zM¾-zºÛ-mhüMã-¿ËG-Q-¤¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-±zÅ-Vï-zºÛ-mhühPPÅ-º±z-iG-qôÅ-PG-¿+ÝGÅ-bï-¬-zXôh-¤Û-fÞz-qü½ÀâP-mh-iG-qôÅ-im-q-Z¤Å-qüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-Zï¼-zŸÛ-qühÝÅ-¢ô¼-zTß-GTÛG-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-

psychoanalysis

aortitis

aphagia

aphephobia

aphthousstomatitis(canker sores)

apoplexy

appendicitis

apsithyria

apsychia

aquari

aquarius


Å-¼Ûü

¾ÞG

f-Ç+¼üºw¼-¯ü

±ÛGÅ-G ï̧¼ü

Iâ¤-zÞü cï¤ü

±ÛGÅ-HôP.ü

ºV¼-EÛ¤ü

O-GTmü

Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-zTßºÛ-Mã-¾¤-zTß-GTÛG-q-zÞ¤-qºÛ-EÛ¤-hÝ-ÅômüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zTô-¿S-qühÝÅ-¢ô¼-hP-qô-Çeïü ZÛ-¤-ÅôGÅ-G¸º-zTßºÛ-Mã-¾¤-hP-qô-¾ÞG-GÛ-EÛ¤üMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-hP-qôüÇ‰ÛP-D¤Å-mÅ-¾ÞÅ-»ôPÅ-¾-º±ô-½ÀâP-xãG-qºÛ- Þ̧PÅ-FG-Bïï¾-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-FG-¯üqÞÅ-¤ô-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-GZm-D-¤ïh-qºÛ-±ÛGÅ-GŸÛºÛ-m- Þ̧G±ÛGÅ-GŸÛ¼-GZm-D-MÅ-mÅ-CPÅ-q-hP-ºIô-zBôh-h;º-zºÛ-mhüh¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-¾ô-m-LÅ-Ç+zÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-¯-MãÅ-hP-FG-¯-¤FïGÅ-ºHã¼-HÛÅ-ºGÝ¾-zBôh-h;º-zºÛ-mhü¾ÞÅ-Å¤-BïÅ-qºÛ-Åü hÝÅ-¢ô¼-Å-¤¾-hP-qôüO-Tm-GhôP-P¤-¼×-Èàü

arcturus

aries

arietic

artery

arthralgia

arthritis

arthrosclerosis

Ascendant

ascending nodeof moon


JÀô-mh-hzÞGÅ-¤Û-zhï-zºÛ-Çeôh-hÝ-º±P-zºÛ-mhüG¸º-Ç+¼-¾-hrh-hï-Bï-zôºÛ-zhï-ÇkÝG-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¾ÞP-hÝ-Çeôm-¤DmüG¸º-Ç+¼-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-¾-GŸÛGÅ-bï-ºIô-zºÛ-zhï-ÇkÝG-zdG-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qüZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdG-hrh-h¤-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-‚ïh-¤DmüZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdG-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qü¼ïG-qºÛ-±ô¼-z-Z¤Å-qºÛ-BômüFG-¯-¤FïGÅ-qô¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-mhü½ÀâP-mh-Tm-HÛÅ-O-ÁÝGÅ-Vïm-qô-fôÅ-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-zM¾-ºzôGG¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-hGï-zºÛü dGÅ-dïm-ºƒï¾-z¸P-qôüuÛ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Åï¤Å-VïÅ-mP-hÝ-xôGÅ-ÁÛP.ü xÛºÛ-»Þ¾-¾-¤Û-ºWâG-q¼-mP-GÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-q-¾-Åï¤Å-Gbh-±ß¾üÇeôm-hÝÅ-ZÛm-¤±m-GZÛÅ-¼ÛP-fÞP-¤Z¤-

asthma

astrologer

astrology

astronomer

astronomy

atactitia

atherosclerosis

audiogenicseizure

auspicious

autism

Autum equinox

hzÞGÅ-¤Û-zhï-zü

Ç+¼- Û̄Å-qü

Ç+¼-¯ÛÅü

Gm¤-¼ÛG-Ç+¼-hrh-qü

Gm¤-¼ÛG-Ç+¼-hrhüG¸º-Ç+¼-hrh-¼ÛG¼ïG-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qüºw¼-¯-HôP-qôüO-zM¾ü

z=-ÁÛÅ-qºÛü hGï-zºÛü

¼P-G»ïPÅü

Çeôm-ZÛm-¤±m-¤Z¤-qü

Medicine & Astrology 88 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅüqºÛ-hÝÅü xÛ-¹-9±ïÅ-23üÇeôzÅ-Bïh- Û̂-¸Å-zTßh-¤-ºhP-z-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-mhüwôºÛ-DÞ-zºÛ-mP-Å-zôm-¤ïh-qü£æ¤-¤ºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-Ç+zÅ-¼ï-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Åï¤Å-P¾-¾¤-Bô-ÇoP.üÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-y-ÆÛm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛüFG-GÛ-mP-ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-y-ÆÛm-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-BômüGTÛm-qºÛ-mP-ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-y-¤ô-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Bômü¼ô-Çeôh-hP-Mz-GŸÝP-GÛ- Þ̧G-G ï̧¼üFG-mP-GÛ-mh-ÆÛm-y-¤ôüÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-Bï-¿kmümh-ºzÞ-y-¤ôÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-mP-ÁÝm-¾-GZm-D-MÅ-qºÛ-mhüGTÛm-HÛ-mh-ÆÛm-y-¤ôü

avitaminosis

azoospermia

baby blues

bacillary

bacillemia

bacilluria

backache

bacteremia

bacteria

bacterialendocarditis

bacteriuria

ÇeôzÅ-Bïh-¸h-mhü

Å-zôm-Z¤Å-qü ¼ô-®-Z¤Å-qü£æ¤-¤ºÛ-Bô-ÇoP.ü

h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-y-ÆÛm-HÛü

h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-FG-ÆÛmü

h‚ãG-G Þ̧GÅ-GTÛm-ÆÛmü

¼ô-Mz-G ï̧¼üFG-ÆÛmüy-ÆÛmüÇ‰ÛP-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü

GTÛm-ÆÛmü


¤P¾-GmÅ-yâ-GÝ-¿kÛP-ÅºÛ-GÁï¼-µÅüJÀô-zºÛ-mhüwô-¤±m-hP-‚-¾ïºÛ- ï̄¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qü¼P-ºzz-bà-¬-zXôh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¿Ëm-BïÅ-Û̂-PG-Bômü¤Gô-zô-¾-C-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüÇ‰ÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¿kÛP-¾-zdïm-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-G»ô-ºGÝ¾-HÛ-¼Û-¤ôü¾ÞÅ- Û̂-¯-hP-Mã-¤-ÅôGÅ-Çoôh-DôG-ÇeôP-¼ÛGÅ-¿KP-wÞG-¿e¼-z;P-zühÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛGzÞ-yâG-Bï-ºwï¾-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-¤ïh-qºÛüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-iâG-qü¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-ºwÞ¼-¤h¼-ÁÛm-bà-ºWÛGÅ-hPPÅüz®Å-hÝÅ- Û̂-¾ô-¹-ŸG-hÝÅ-hP-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zÇ+ô¼-qºÛ- Û̄Åü

bag of water

bagassosis

balantitis

balbuties

baldness

ballistocardiogram

ballooning

barium

barren

betelgeuse

billistophobia

birth chart

¤Gô-VßüJÀô-mhü¤±m-bôG-GZm-DühÛG-qü

uÛ-fï¼üÇ‰ÛP-ºGÝ¾-¼Û-¤ôü

¿KP-qü hGP-qü

zïï-¼Û-»¤ü

¼zÅ-Vhü¾GNôGÅ-ºWÛGÅü

±ï-¼zÅ-¾Å- Û̄Åü

Medicine & Astrology 90 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅüGP-¸G-TÛG-BïÅ-ZÛm-HÛ-¹-Ç+¼-ÇeïP-ºhÅ-h‚ãGÅ- Û̂-‚-z-‚Å- Û̧m-qºÛ-Ç+¼-±ôGÅü¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÇeôP-VºÛ-mP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-µÅ-¤Zïm-¤ô-FG-GÛ-y-wÞP-z ô̧-ºhôm-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛGBïÅ-zÞ-mh-¤ïh-GTÛG-GÛ-hzÞGÅ-º‚Ûm-Qâz-fïPÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-»Þm-hP-Vß-±ôh-Ç+¼-V-zŸÛ-¤Z¤ü ºhÛ-zôh- Û̂-Ç+¼- Û̄Å-¼ÛG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-z Û̄-fzÅ- Û̂-GŸÛ-»P-»Ûmü¹-zºÛ-h;¼-V-ºwï¾-zºÛ-hÝÅü zôh-±ïÅ- 1 mÅ- 15 z¼ühÝÅ-¢ô¼-GmÅ-¤¾-GÅÞ¤ü iâG hGÝ-hP-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾- ï̧¼ü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¹-z-hP-±ïÅ-IPÅ-V-±P-ºDôh-qºÛ-¾ô-fô-ÁôG-AP-¤º¤-ÁôG-zÞ-ºGº-»ôh-qü ÁÝGÅ-Vï¼- Û̄G-q¼-hG¾-MãºÛ-¾ô-fô-È-TP-zÇkÝÅ-q-ŸÛGhÝÅ-¢ô¼-zŸÛ-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤-ÅôGÅ-G¸º-zTßºÛ-Mã-¾¤-zŸÛ-q-;@‡ºÛ-EÛ¤ühÝÅ-¢ô¼-zTß-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-zTßºÛ-Mã-¾¤-zTß-q-Vß-ÆÛm-HÛ-

birthconstellation

bone marrow

breath

bright half ofthe moon

cadent

calender

cancer

capricon

BïÅ-Ç+¼ü

@P.¤¼ü

hzÞGÅ-»Þmü

¹-zºÛ-»¼-Pô-ü h;¼-xôGÅü

ÍÞ-q-®ü

¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü Û̄G-ºGï¾-¾ô-fôü

;@‡ü

Vß-ÆÛmü


EÛ¤üGmÅ-¤¾-zTß-GZÛÅ- Û̂-mP-mÅ-¾ÞG-hP-ü ;@‡ü ÆP.ü Vß-ÆÛm-bï-G»ô-zºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛüEÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ- Û̂-hP-qô-¾ÞG-hP.ü zŸÛ-q-;@‡ü zhÝm-q-ÆP.ü zTß-q-Vß-ÆÛm-zTÅ-xôGÅ-zŸÛºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛüÇ‰ÛP-mh-¼ÛG-qºÛ-Vïh-¾Å-q-ŸÛG-ÇeïüÇ‰ÛP-GÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-hP.ü Iâz-Vü ‚ïh-¾Å-zTÅ-¾-¤DÅ-qºÛ-Vïh-¾Å-Ç¨m-qü¾G-¤GôºÛ-¤FÛG-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-VßP-PÞ-zMhün-z-hP-Ço- ï̄-ÅôG- ï̄ü ¿Ë-¼Þ- ï̄ü±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¤Gô-ÅôGÅ-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-¿kï¤-V-TmüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zMh-qüm¤-¤Dº-¾-GmÅ-qºÛ-ZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅü±ÛGÅ-¤D¼-zhÝm-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-»¼-Çoï-Çeïü ¤WÛP-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-qü

cardinal signs

cardinals

cardiologist

carpal

cartilage

castor

celestial bodies

cervidevertebra

G»ô-zºÛ-EÛ¤ü

;-z-zŸÛü

Ç‰ÛP-GÛ-Ç¨m-qü

¾G-¤GôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüsm- ï̄ºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüFâ¤-¼ÞÅü

M¾ü

z¼-ÇoP-GÛ-wÞP-qôü

¤WÛP-¼ÞÅü

Medicine & Astrology 92 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅü¾ÞP-dôGÅ- Û̂-zÇem-q-º²Ûm-qºÛ-BïÅ-Vïm-h¤-q-n¤Å-hÝÅ-m¤-±ôh-¾-‚ôm-q-hP-hôm-Vïm-‚ãP-hÝÅ- Û̂-¾ô-hÝÅ-ÇS-xÛ-Gô-¼Û¤-zÇem-qºÛ-hÝÅ-̄ ÛÅüÅôG-¼ÞÅ- Û̂-¤hÝm-PôÅ-G»Å-G»ôm-hÝ-yG-q-mÅ-Ç+ï-ÇeïP-z¼-ºyïh-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¤ôüÇ+ô¼-z-G»Å-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºDô¼-zºÛüÇK¾-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¤-ÇoïºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-¶-GhôP-ï̧¼-z-hïºôüºhÛºÛ-dG-qºÛ-¾ôPÅ-uôh-ZÛ-¤-hP-¤±ßPÅ-ˆP-ºIôÅ- ô̄¤-q-¼Û¤-q¼-ZÛ-¤ºÛ-¤hÝm-hP.ü ¼Û¤-¤Ûm-¾-ZÛ-¤ºÛ-Mz-bà-¤fôP-z¼-ºHã¼üwô-¤ô-GZÛÅ- Û̂-BïÅ-¾ô-¹-±ïÅ-GŸÛ¼-z Þ̧P-wm-±ßm-¤fÞm-¾¤-zdG-qºÛ- Û̄ÅüEÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ- Û̂-Gô-»Þ¾-»ôPÅ-µôGÅ-V-Ç‰ô¤Å-ZÛ-ÁÝ-¯-zhÝm-hÝ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-¼ï-¼ï-mÛ-Mã-Ç+¼-¼ï-¼ïºÛ-»Þm-hP-Mã-Ç+¼-¼ï¼-Û̄Å- Û̂-±ßôh-iâG-Tß-f¤-q-»ôhüMã-Ç+¼-¼ï¼-@P-q-zŸÛ-¼ï-hP.ü EÛ¤-¼ï¼-@P-q-hGÝ-»ôh-qÅü Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-¾-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-@P-q-zM-hP-

chronology

clavicle

clockwise

coccyx

comet

compatibilitychart

constellation

constellationfeet

zÇem- Û̄Åü

OôG-¼ÞÅü

mP-Ç+ô¼üGŸÝG-VßP.ü

Ç+¼-¤-hÝ-z-¤WâG-¼ÛP.ü

zG- Û̄Åü ¤fÞm- Û̄Åü

Mã-Ç+¼ü Ç+¼-EÛ¤ü

Mã-Ç+¼-@P-qü @P-qü


zMhü EÛ¤-ŸG 360 »ôhü¤Gô-zôºÛ-¤±ôG-¤ºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÆâzÅ-Å¤-¤fÞh-¤±¤Åü¹-zºÛ-h¤¼-V-ºwï¾-zºÛ-hÝÅü zôh-±ïÅ- 16 mÅ- 30 z¼ü1ü ±ßôh- 24 zhG-ZÛh- Û̂-hÝÅ-»Þmü2ü m¤-¾PÅ-mÅ-ZÛ-¤-¤-mÝz-z¼-HÛ-

hÝÅ-±ôhüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ-qüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-Zï¼-GÅÞ¤-qüO-GTm-¤WâG-¤º¤-;ï-bàü

GmÅ-qº¤-Mã-zºÛ-xôGÅüxôGÅ-PïÅ-Tm-HÛ-ÇeôzÅ-bïü ZÛ-ÅPÅ-h¤¼-qô-¼×-Èà-Çtïmü ü¹-¿ËG-wÞ¼-zÞ-¼Û¤-q-zŸÛmü üÁ¼-mÅ-hzP-¿km-¤f¼-fÞG-q¼ü üz;ôh-q-¼P-xôGÅ-ÇeôzÅ-¿km-ºHã¼üwô-zºÛ-GŸÝG-hP-Mã-¤ºÛ-Çeôh-GZÛÅ-z¼-

coronal suture

dark half of themoon

day

delphinus

denebola

descendingnode of moon

direction

directionalstrength

duodenum

¤±ôG-¤ºÛ-ºhÝÅ-Åôü

¹-zºÛ-h¤¼-xôGÅü ¤¼-Pô.ü

1ü ZÛm-ŸG2ü ZÛm-¤ôü

hzôü

¤ôm-Iïü

;ï-bàü

xôGÅü D-xôGÅüxôGÅ- Û̂-ÇeôzÅü

Mã-Åô¼-zTß-GZÛÅ-¤ü ¸PÅ-

Medicine & Astrology 94 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅüHÛ-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-¾- ï̧¼-bïü hïÅ-¸Å-Ç+ô¤-¥GÅ-zŸÝ-‚Å-q-n¤Å-xÛ¼-GbôP-ŸÛP-hï-¤Ûm-ÆâP-z¼-‚ïh-hôü¼P-TG-GmÅ-qºÛ-Å-GŸÛ-Vïm-qô-hP.üº‚ãP-z-zŸÛº¤-¿SºÛ-»-H¾-ÅüZÛ-¹-G¸º-º²Ûm-bïü ZÛ-º²Ûm-hP-¹-º²ÛmüuÛ¼-º‚ãP-z-Vïm-qô-Å-Vß-¤ï-½ÀâP-zŸÛ-hP.ü º‚ãP- Û̄Å-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-ÁÛP-¤ï-Å-¿UGÅ-Vß-¿S-hP.ü Ç+¼- Û̄Å-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-Å-Vß-¤ï-½ÀâP-m¤-¤Dº-hP-¿S.üº‚ãP-z-ÁÛP-¤ï-Å-¿UGÅ-Vß-¿SºÛ-D¤Å-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¾ô-¹-ŸG-hÝÅ-hP.üÆôG-¾ÞÅ-hzP-fP->ÀâP-d-ÅôGÅ-z Û̄-zºÛ- Û̄Å- Û̂-¾ÞGÅüÅºÛ-Gô-¾-¿Ëô-‚P-GÛ-V-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-xï-zºÛ-hzÞÅ- Û̂-dôG-zdGÅ- Û̂-fÛGhrÛh-hP-Çeôm-ZÛm-¤±m-¤Z¤-qºÛ-hÝÅü¤Ûh-q-mÅ-wô-z¼-¤fÞh-qºÛ-¸Å-Ç+ô¤-Mã-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¾¤üV-IPÅ- Û̂-EÛ¤-Çeïü ¤ô-EÛ¤ü JÀP.ü;@‡ü zÞôü ÇkÛG Vß-ÆÛmü Zü

earth

eclipse

element

elementalastrology

equator

equinox

esophagus

even signs

±GÅ-¾Þ-GÝºÛ-¤Gô

Å-GŸÛü º‚ãP-z-Åü

G¸º-º²Ûmü

º‚ãP-zü D¤Åü

º‚ãP- Û̄Åü mG- Û̄Åü

ÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-h Û̂¾-fÛG @ïh-fÛGZÛm-¤±m-¤Z¤-hÝÅü¤Ûh-qü

¤Z¤-EÛ¤ü


xÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-O-ºWâG-ÅºÛ-n-z-xÛ-¤ºÛ-zÞ-G

¾Å- Û̂-zÇ+ôÅ-fP.üwÞ-Fâ-iâG-GÛ-±hührÛ-¤Gô-mÅ-qÞÅ-±ÛGÅ-z¼-HÛ-@P.¼ÞÅü@P-qºÛ-P¼-GhôP-GÛ-xÛ-PôÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-qüJÀP.ü ÅïP.ü ÇkÛG zÞ¤-zTÅ-¤Û-ºHã¼-zdm-qºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛüŸÛP-zhG-G¸º-»Û-hIMãPÅ-qºÛ-Mã-¾¤-HÛ-zÞ-GÝ

ŸÛP-zhG-G¸º-»Û-IôGÅü¤ÛG-»m-Vh-hP-C-¤±¤Å-¤m-Vh- Û̂-hs¾-zºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü¹-z-V-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-D-GP-z-Çeï-±ïÅ-zTô-¿SºÛ-¹-züÇ+¼-±ôGÅ-Å-»-¤P-qô-ºhÝÅ-q-m¤-¤DºÛ-ºyïh-¾¤-hÝ-B-¿Ë¤-¤ï¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-¤-¾G

externalacoustic meatus

fate

fathom

femur

fibula

fixed signs

foe

foramenmagnum

friend

frontal bone

full moon

galaxy

n-¾¤-xÛ-¤ºÛ-ÇKôü

zÇ+ôÅ-fP.üwï-ºhô¤üz½À-@P-¼ÞÅ-qüXï-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-VßP-züzdm-EÛ¤ü

hI hI-¹ü¿eG-¼ÞÅ-DÞP-zÞü

IôGÅühs¾-¼ÞÅü

¹-z-Z-GP.ü Z-MÅ-¹-zü

hGÝ-±ÛGÅ-B-¤ôü

Medicine & Astrology 96 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅühÝÅ-¢ô¼-GÅÞ¤-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-zTßºÛ-Mã-¾¤-GÅÞ¤-qüxÛ-¾ô- 1582 ¾ô-mÅ-z Þ̧P-mÝz-xôGÅ-ˆÛ-¾ô-fô-¯Û-Æô¾üÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-h Û̂¾-fÛG-mÅ-¿Ëô-‚P-GÛ-hÝ¤-zÞ-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-Vº¤-EômüÛ̄Å- Û̂-Vß-ÆP-iâG-Tß-¾-Vß-±ôh-GTÛG-ÇeïüZÛm-ŸG-GTÛG-¾-±ôÝôh- 60 hP-¾G-ºDô¼-Ç+¼-V- 60 ¾-±ßôh- 1 Çeï-ZÛm-ŸG 1 ¾-±ßôh- 24 z Û̄-ÇePÅüG¸ºÛ-z¸P-xôGÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-ÇeôzÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-hÝÅ-bï-wÞ¼-zÞ-¿e-zÞ¼-hqï-¤±ôm-mü ¼P-GÛ-ÇeôzÅ-¿km-EÛ¤-;@‡ºÛ-fh-z¿eÅ- Û̂-EÛ¤-Vß-ÆÛm-mP-GmÅ-q-¾ºôüG¸ºÛ-z¸P-xôGÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-Vï¼-MÅ-qºÛ-hÝÅ-bïü hqï¼-mü wÞ¼-zÞ-;@‡ºÛ-EÛ¤-mP-GmÅ-q-¿e-zÞºôüÅôG-q-hP-hqÞP-¼ÞÅ-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-mÅ-Iâ-±ÛGÅ-z¼-HÛ-hqÞP-P¼-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-hGÝ-qüZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-ˆÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-Vï-ÁôÅüÛ̄Å-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-hGÝºÛ-mP-GÛ-¿S-qü

gemini

gregoriancalender

hemisphere

hour

house ofdebilitation

house ofexaltation

humerus

hydrae

Jupiter

ºFÛG-qü

»Û-ÁÝºÛ-¾ô-fôü

xïh-Gô-¾ü

Vß-±ôhü

¤Û-hGï-ÁÛm-bà-mÝz-qºÛ-EÛ¤ü

hGï-ŸÛP-ÇeôzÅ-hP-¿km-qºÛ-EÛ¤ü

hqÞP-@P.ü

Ç+GG¸º-wÞ¼-zÞü


G¸º-¿SºÛ-iG-G¸º-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-mP-mÅ-GTÛGhq¾-hÝÅ- Û̂-ºDô¼-¾ôü hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¯-Mãh-hP-zÇkÝÅ-MãhüMã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-ZÛ-ÁÝ-qü¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-hP-¿eG-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-ÆâzÅ-Å¤-¤fÞh-¤±¤ÅüfÛG-h¤¼-mÅ-¿Ëô-‚P-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-ºyïh-Û̂-MP-fGxÛ-¾ÞGÅ- Û̂-zÁô¾-¾ô-bïü ¾ô-zŸÛ-¼ïºÛ-¤±¤Å-xÛ-¹-GZÛÅ-qºÛ-mP-ZÛm-IPÅ-Zï¼-zMh-±z-bà-Zï¼-hGÝ-ºôP-zºÛ-¾ôüG»ôm-AP-¤-Çeï-¹-zºÛ-½ÀâP-Mã-zºÛ-¾¤üZÛm-¤±m-¼ÛP-fÞP-GÛ-±hü ZÛm-±hü¤±m-±hühÝÅ-¢ô¼-¿S-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-zTßºÛ-Mã-¾¤-¿S-q-ÅïP-GïºÛ-EÛ¤ühÝÅ-¢ô¼-zhÝm-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-Û̂-G¸º-zTßºÛ-Mã-¾¤-zhÝm-q-ÆP-GÛ-EÛ¤ü

kalachakra

kaus-australis

lamdoid suture

latitude

leap year

left channel

length

leo

libra

hÝÅ- Û̂-ºDô¼-¾ôü

Vß-Çeôhü¿eG-qºÛ-M-ÆâzÅü

ºyïh-fÛG

¾ô-zÁô¾ü

AP-¤ü¼ÛP-±hü

ÅïP-Gï

ÆP.ü

Medicine & Astrology 98 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅü¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-Åº¤-Gbm-GŸÛÅ-‚ïh-»Þ¾-Å-GmÅ- Û̂-hÝÅ-º²Ûm-±ßôhüÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-±PÅ-fÛG-mÅ-Á¼-hP-mÝz-bà-z Û̄-zºÛ-MP-HïhüEÛ¤-¤¤-G¸º-Ç+¼-Åô-ÅôºÛ-zhG-qô-Çeïü¾ÞG-hP-ÇkÛG-qºÛ-zhG-qô-¤ÛG-h¤¼-»Ûm-q-¿e-zÞüMz-PôÅ-ÇK¾-GŸÝP-¤m-hP-¤±P-¼ÞÅ-»m-HÛ-¤D¼-±ÛGÅ-¿S-»ôh-qºÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-V-ÁÅü¹-zºÛ-ºwï¾-ºIÛz-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-±ïÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-Gm¤-GP-z¼-HÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü ¼GÅ-q¼-ŸG-Zï¼-hGÝ-hP-xïhüºI¤-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ÇeïP-Áôh-GZÛÅ- Û̂-ºôG-¤üZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-GÅÞ¤-q-hP-üÛ̄Å-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-¿SºÛ-Ç+zÅ-iG-G¸º-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-mP-mÅ-GTÛGn-zºÛ-Mz-PôÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-mÝ- ï̄ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¿e-zÞüºI¤-qºÛ-ÇeïP-Áôh-GZÛÅ- Û̂-ÇeïP-¤ü

local time

longitude

lord

lumbervertebra

lunar month

mandible

Mars

mastoidprocess

maxilla

Å-GmÅ- Û̂-±ßôhü

GŸÝP-fÛG

zhG-G¸ºü

@ïh-±ÛGÅü

±ïÅ-¹ü

¤-¤G¾-¼ÞÅ-qü

¤ÛG-h¤¼ü

n-¿eG-¼ÞÅ-ºzÞ¼ü

»-¤G¾-¼ÞÅ-qü


mental foramen

Mercury

metacarpalbones

metatarsalbones

Monday

month

moon sign

motion

Mount Meru(Su-meru)

¤-¤G¾-DÞP-zÞü¿ËG-qü

¾G-¤fÛ¾-¼ÞÅ-qü

@P-¤fÛ¾-¼ÞÅ-qü

G¸º-¹-zü

¹-zü

¹-EÛ¤ü

G¸ºÛ-zIôh-qü

¼Û-M¾-¿Ëàm-qôü ¼Û-¼zü

¤-¾ïºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÇeïP-GÛ-zÞ-GZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-hGÝºÛ-zhÝm-q-hP.ü Û̄Å-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-¿SºÛ-Ç+zÅ-ŸÛ-G¸º-GZÛÅ-mÅ-GTÛG¾G-qºÛ-¤FÛG-±ÛGÅ-hP-Åô¼-¤ôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¤ô-¿Sü@P-qºÛ-zô¾-±ÛGÅ-hP-Åô¼-¤ôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-¿Sü¼ïÅ-¾-ºV¼-zºÛ-G¸º-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-GZÛÅ-qü¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-GTÛG hï¼-ZÛm-ŸG-GÛ-¹-z-hP-ü ±ïÅ-¹ü EÛ¤-¹-zTÅ-GÅÞ¤-hÝ-»ôhüz®º-hÝÅ-ÅÞ-¹-z-GP-m-GmÅ-qºÛ-EÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ-GP-¼ÞP.üG¸ºÛ-zIôh-qºÛ-¥ã¼-±hü hï¼-h¾-¥ã¼-GZÛÅ-hP-¼P-ºIôÅ-zTÅ-GÅÞ¤-»ôhü¤Pôm-q-¤²ôh-mÅ-zÁh-q-¿e¼-mü JÀÛP-zŸÛ-hP.ü JÀÛP-ym-zMhü M-¤±ô-Vïm-qô-zŸÛü ZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-hP-zTÅ-qºÛ-ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-hzÞÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¼Û-M¾-

Medicine & Astrology 100 Ç¨m-hP-¯ÛÅü¿Ëàm-qôü¾ÞG-hP.ü ;@‡ü ÆP.ü Vß-ÆÛm-zTÅ-G»ô-zºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛü¾ÞÅ- Û̂- ô̄¾-mÝÅ-Bïh-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-wÞP-IâzüÇo-zÞG-G»Å-G»ôm-HÛ-GŸÛ-dïm-¼ÞÅ-qü¤Gô-zôºÛ-¿eG-Mz- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-ºzÞ¼-qôü¤ÛG-ºƒÅ-GmÅ-»Þ¾-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-Oô¤-;ôP-;ôP-üD-»Û-mP-PôÅ-»-@m-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüwô-zºÛ-Mz-PôÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-ºW¤-¤Zïm-Ç~äzÅ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tm-HÛ-hzP-dïm-ÍÛm-TÛ-iâG-®¤-¿km-q-ŸÛG¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-G®ßG-hP-hïºÛ-G»Å-G»ôm-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qüqÞÅ-±ÛGÅ-ÇeïP-DïzÅ-GTôh-¿e¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ÇKô¼-¾ïzührÛ-¤GôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-hP-¤±P-¼ÞÅüGŸÝG-VßP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-uÛ-¤ÛP.ü

moveable signs

muscle

nasal bone

occipital bone

orbit

palatine bone

pancreas

parietal bone

patella

pelvis

G»ô-EÛ¤ü

Á-Gmhü

Ço-¼ÞÅü¿eG-¼ÞÅü¤ÛG-ºzô¼-¼ÞÅ-qü

@m-¼ÞÅüGÁï¼-¤ü ¤ï-GmÅü

fôh-¼ÞÅü

¿Ë-P.ü

hrÛ-¼ÞÅü ¤±P-¼ü


@P-¾G-GÛ-¤fïz-zôP-hP-¤²âz-Åô¼-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-n¤Å- Û̂-¤ÛP.üÇo-mÅ-¤¼-¿Uï-VßP-fh-hÝ- Þ̧G-qºÛ-zÞ-G¾G-P¼-HÛ-xÛ-PôÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-fÞP-z-hïºÛ-¤ÛP.üÇ‰ÛP-hP-JÀô-z-ÆâP-Bôz-‚ïh-qºÛ-ƒP-DôG-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-¾ïz-¤ô-m¼-GÝG-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-Tmü©ïh-±ÛGÅ-hP-GŸÝG-VßP-z¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-±ÛGÅ-¤D¼-¿S-Tm-HÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅü¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÆâzÅ-Å¤-¤fÞh-¤±¤ÅühqÞP-ºGôºÛ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-Mz-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ- Þ̧¼-GÅÞ¤-Tm-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü>Àh-q-mÅ-GŸÝG-VßP-z¼-HÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ-Û̂-Ç~äzÅ-ÅÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ-ÇK¾-nGÇ+ï-¤WÛP-¤±¤Å-mÅ-¤VÛm-iÛº¤-h¼-h;¼-»ô¾-zºÛ-ºôG-®¤-z¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-ƒP-DôG-GÛ-¤hÝm-PôÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¾ïzü¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zô-hP-¤±ôG-¤-¿eG-q-zTÅ-Û̂-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-JÀÛP-wm-±ßm-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å-

phalanges

pharynx

radius

ribs

sacrum

sagittal suture

scapula

spinal cord

sternum

suture

Çtäm-¤P.ü

¤±ß¾-qü¾G-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-Vï-zü

Û̄zÅ-¤ü

±P-¼ÞÅü (¤±P-¼ÞÅü)

uÛ-zôºÛ-M-ÆâzÅü

ÅôG-¼ÞÅü ÅôG-qü

MãPÅ-qü ÆôG-¯-h;¼-qôü

ƒP-¼ÞÅü

M-ÆâzÅü


tarsal bonestemporal bone

tibia

ulna

zygomatic bone

zô¾-±ÛGÅ-¼ÞÅ-qün-¿Ëm-¼ÞÅ-qü

Xï-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-Vï-zü

¾G-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-VßP-zü

¤DÞ¼-±ôÅ-¼ÞÅ-qü

Û̂-ÆâzÅü@P-qºÛ-zô¾-±ÛGÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-DG-zhÝmün-z-G»Å-G»ôm-HÛ-ÇKP-fh-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¤Þ¼-GôP-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü@P-qºÛ-mP-PôÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-P¼-GhôP-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü¾G-P¼-HÛ-mP-PôÅ- Û̂-¼ÞÅ-q-y-¾-¼ÛP-z-hïºÛ-¤ÛP.üGhôP-GÛ-¤DÞ¼-±ôÅ-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛÅ-Û̂-ºzÞ¼-VºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü

Physics 103 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü


hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-VhüPHYSICS TERMS

jË-Å-zôh-ˆÛ-hqï-¤²ôh-DP.üLIBRARY OF TIBETAN WORKS & ARCHIEVES

(LTWA)

Physics 104 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüaberration

abrasion

absolute humidity

acceleration

activation energy

adiabatic process

adsorption

allotropy

alloy

ÇoP-z½‰m-¼z-¼Ûzü

zl¼-¸hü

¿eôÅ-¤ïh-½Àm-GÁï¼ü

¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-Vü

zIâP-‚ïh-mÝÅ-qü

±-iôh-Åô¼-GmÅ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü

GÅôG-º‚¼ü

µÅ-GTÛG-n¤-¤P.ü

zÆïÅ-¿UGÅü

hÐPÅ-Áï¾-¿e-zÞ-xÛºÛ-»Þ¾-¤fôP-‚ïh-¾-Bôm-»ôh-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ÇoP-z½‰m-¤Û-GÅ¾-zül¼-ÁÝh- Û̂Å-Aïm-qÅ-¸h-q¼-Hã¼-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü¤Dº-½ÀâP-GÛ-ÁôP-±h-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-VßºÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-WÛ-»ôh- Û̂-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-¾- ï̧¼ü hï-mÛ-¤Dº-½ÀâP-Áô-G Þ̧GÅ-¤Û-‡¼-¼ï¼-VßºÛ-½ÀPÅ- ï̧GÅ-;Û-¾ô-WÛ-»ôh-Û̂-V-mÅ-±h-ºW¾-z-»ÛmüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¥ã¼-±h-hÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-¼ï¼-WÛ-®¤-¥ã¼-hÝ-ºIô-zºÛ-±hüµÅ- Û̂-n¤-ºHã¼-ŸÛG-»ôP-z¼-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-mÝÅ-qü±-iôh-ºw¼-VG-GP-»P-¤ïh-q¼-º‚ãP-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG½ÀâP-hP-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-Æ-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zÇkÝ-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤üD¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG-n¤-q-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hÝ-¤¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅ-Å¤ü


amorphous

ampere

angle of incidence

angle of reflection

angstrom (A.U)

angularacceleration

z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-PïÅ-¤ïhü

JÀôG-Mãm-ÁÝGÅ-±hü

zlz-ºyôºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞG

¿kôG-ºyôºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞG

ÍP-Åï-cô¤-( Û̄-GŸÛü)

Þ̧¼-ºIôÅ- Û̂-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-Vü

»P-m-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¤P-z-¤Z¤-zÆïÅ-‚Å-qº¤ü »P-m-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-hP-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-µÅ-GŸm-hP-zÆïÅ-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-µÅ-Å¤-hPôÅ-qôüh‚ÛzÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¤ïh-qºÛ-Æ-G Þ̧GÅüJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-z;G-V-GTÛG-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG-fG-mP-Mã-zºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-V-±h-GTÛG-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛüºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-PôÅ-ÁÛG-¾-zlz-q-¾Åüzlz-GmÅ-hï-hP-iP-ºxP-GÛ-fÛG-GZÛÅ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞGºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-PôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-mÅ-¿kôG-q-¾Åü ¿kôG-GmÅ-hï-hP-iP-ºxP-GÛ-fÛG-GZÛÅ- Û̂Å-z ô̧Å-qºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞG‚ï-ƒG-bà-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-½ÀzÅ-¼ÛP-±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-Çeïü Åïm-‡Û-¤Û-‡¼-GTÛG-Å-»-zM¼-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-GTÛGwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ- Þ̧¼-ºIôÅ-¥ã¼-±h-hÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-¼ï¼-WÛ-®¤-¥ã¼-hÝ-ºIô-zºÛ-±hü

Physics 106 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüangulardisplacement

angularmomentum

angular velocity

anisotropy

antimatter

archimede’sprinciple

artificial satellite

asteroid

Þ̧¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºwô-Bôhü

Þ̧¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºGÝ¾-±hü

Þ̧¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºIôÅ-±hü

xôGÅ-¾-¿eôÅ-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü

¿kôG-µÅü

Í¼-DÛ-¤ï-hïºÛ-Gbm-Æô¾ü

zTôÅ-¤ºÛ-ºDô¼-Ç+¼ü

Ç+¼-ymü

Mã-¾¤-ÇKô¼-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-Bôh-qºÛ-MP-fGºDô¼-¤hº-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-ºDô¼-MãG-ºGôG-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-V-GZÛÅ- Û̂-zNå¼-fôzühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ- Þ̧¼-DÞG-GTÛG-GÛ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-¥ã¼-±hü±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-xôGÅ-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-TmüZÛP-lÝ¾-¤ô-hP-JÀôG-lÝ¾-wô-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôüGÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-mP-ÇeÛ¤-qºÛ-wÞP-qôºÛ-ºxô-ÁÝGÅ-hï-hP-ü »¼-WÛ-®¤-wÞh-qºÛ-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-¿YÛh-±h-ÇeïP-A¾-hP-¤Z¤-q¼-PïÅ-±ß¾üÅºÛ-Gô-¾º¤ü »P-m-G¸º-Ç+¼-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-ºDô¼-Bôh-‚ïh-q¼-zbP-zºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅüG¸º-¤ÛG-h¤¼-hP-wÞ¼-zÞºÛ-ºDô¼-¾¤-HÛ-z¼-hÝ-Mã-zºÛ-ƒG-lô-ºi-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG hïºÛ-ŸïP-±h-;Û-¾ô-¤Û-‡¼-GTÛG-mÅ-hGÝ-zM-¿ËG-»ôhü

Physics 107 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüastronomical unit

astronomy

atmosphere

atom

atomic mass

atomic mass unit

atomicnumber(protonnumber)

atomic spectrum

G¸º-Ç+¼- Û̄-GŸÛü

G¸º-Ç+¼-hrh-¼ÛGGm¤-¼ÛG-Ç+¼-hrhü

½ÀâP-GÛ-h Û̂¾-ºDô¼ü½ÀâP-D¤Åü

lÝ¾-ymü

lÝ¾-ym-GhôÅ-±hülÝ¾-ym-zôPÅ-±hülÝ¾-ym-zôPÅ-±h- Û̄-GŸÛü^¾-‡ômülÝ¾-ym-ÍP-IPÅü

lÝ¾-HÛ-ºWº-¤hPÅü

ZÛ-¤-hP-ÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-uÛ-Ç‰ô¤Å-z¼-fG-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh- Û̂-G¸º-Ç+¼-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-MP-±h- Û̄-GŸÛüºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-D¤Å-hP-hïºÛ-mP-»ôh-qºÛ-Ç+¼-¤-hP.ü G¸ºü Ç+¼-vÛm-hP-Ç+¼-±ôGÅ-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-qô-¾-dôG-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qºÛ-±m-¼ÛGºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-¼P-Å¼-z Þ̧P-zºÛ-ÅºÛ-Gô-¾-hP.ü G¸º-Ç+¼-GŸm-HÛ-¤fº-ºDô¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-½ÀâP-GÛ-Gô-¾ü¼P-G¼-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ- Û̂-Oæz-‚ºÛ-V-VßP-ÁôÅü¤±m-GŸÛ¼-z Þ̧P-zºÛ-lÝ¾-ym-m¤-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-GbôÅ-Vï-VßP-GÛ-±hü;¼-zôm-12lÝ¾-ym-HÛ-V-GTÛG-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-zôPÅ-±h- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛülÝ¾-ym-HÛ-¿eï-z¼-wô-lÝ¾-WÛ-»ôh- Û̂-IPÅ-bïü z¼-GmÅ-lÝ¾-ym-ŸÛG-GÛ-wô-lÝ¾-HÛ-IPÅ-hï-JÀôG-lÝ¾-HÛ-IPÅ-hP-¤±ßPÅ-q-»Ûmü ¤±ôm-dGÅü Z

lÝ¾-ym-hï-¼P-GÛ-mP-hÝ-JÀôG-lÝ¾-ºwô-ºHã¼-xÛm-qºÛ-Aïm-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ºHïh-


atomic weight

avogadro’sprinciple

barometer

baryons

Bernoulli effect

Bernoulli law

beta-decay

big bang

lÝ¾-ym-¿YÛh-±hü

Í-¶ô-Gï-iôºÛ-Gbm-Æô¾ü

½ÀâP-Gmôm-ºW¾-VÅü„Ëï-¼Û-»ômü

„Ë¼-mô-¾Û-mÝÅ-qü

„Ë¼-mô-¾Û-PïÅ-Æô¾ü

„ËÛ-‡-¸h-LÝhü

ºzïP-Vïmü GÅ-fô¼-Vïm-¤ôü

ºyôºÛ-ºWº-¤hPÅü;¼-zôm-12¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-lÝ¾-ym-HÛ-V-Ç‰ô¤Å-zôPÅ-±hüiôh-±h-hP-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-mÛ-±h-GTÛG-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁôP-±h-¤Z¤-q-GZÛÅ-Û̂-mP-Iâz-µÅ- Û̂-IPÅ-GTÛG-bà-PïÅ-qü½ÀâP-D¤Å- Û̂-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-ºW¾-VÅü;ÐG-y-lÝ¾-GÅÞ¤-¤¤ü »P-m-¿kôG-qºÛ-;ÐG-y-lÝ¾-GÅÞ¤-Tm-HÛ-Zï-zºÛ-lÝ¾-ym-HÛ-EÛ¤-±P-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG½Àm-ŸÛP-GÁï¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-MãG-qºÛ-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-z-hP-hÝÅ-¤±ßPÅ-hïºÛ-mP-GÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-VG-qºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾ü½Àm-ŸÛP-GÁï¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-hP.ü ÇeàG-±hü ¥ã¼-±h-zTÅ-Û̂-z¼-ºƒï¾-z-Çeôm-qºÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾üZÛP-lÝ¾-HÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-lÝ¾-ym-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-LÝh-VG-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-JÀôG-lÝ¾-¾¤ü »P-m-wô-lÝ¾-HÛ- ï̧GÅ-¤-D-q-„ËÛ-‡-ºyô-ÇeôP-‚ïh-±ß¾üfôG-¤ºÛ-GÅ-fô¼-¾-zdïm-mÅ-M-Bïh-ºIô-zŸÛm-qºÛ-ºWÛG-dïm-D¤Å-‚ãP-z-


binding energy

black body

black bodyradiation

black hole

Bohr theory

boiling point

Brownian motion

ºVÛP-mÝÅü

wÞP-mG

wÞP-mG-ºHïh-ºyôü

zÞ-G-mG-qôü

„Ëô¼-n¤-GŸG

ºDô¾-GmÅü

„Ë-¼ôm-ºGÝ¾-Bôhü

ºhôh-±ß¾ülÝ¾-HÛ-¤-¾G-TÛG-GÛ-Oæz-‚- ï̧GÅ-¤-n¤Å-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkô¤-‚ïh- Û̂-mÝÅ-qüJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºDô¼-fïPÅ-¤fº-hG-ºyô-zÇkÝ-‚ïh-fÞz-q¼-ºhôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-mG-AP.üiôh-±h-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-mG-AP-GTÛG-¾Å-ºyô-zºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyôü¼P-GÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-È-TP-Áïh-Vï-zÅ-hïºÛ-Zï-ºDô¼-mÅ-ºôh-ˆP-f¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-ÇeàG-±h-¿ËG-q¼-Vï-zºÛ-m¤-¤DºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛGlÝ¾-ym-HÛ-z;ôh-h‚ÛzÅ-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-ºIï¾-q-ÇS-ÁôÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü JÀôG-lÝ¾-n¤Å-ZÛP-lÝ¾-HÛ-¤fº-ºDô¼-hÝ-;ôm-‡¤-V-Aïm-¾-zdïm-mÅ-PïÅ-qºÛ-xôGÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh- Û̂-ºDô¼-¾¤-fôG-ºDô¼-Bôh-‚ïh-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾üGÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-½ÀPÅ-qº¤-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-Pô-zô¼-ºHã¼-zºÛ-iôh-±hüGÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-Å¤-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-mP-hÝ-¿kÛP-qºÛ-lÝ¾-HÛ- ï̧GÅ-¤-n¤Å-hP.ü


buoyant force

calorie

center of gravity

center of mass

centrifugal force

centripetal force

ºxô-ÁÝGÅü

Dï-¾ô-¼Ûü

ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-¿eï-GmÅü

GhôÅ-±h-¿eï-GmÅü

¿eï-z¼-D-¿kôG-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü

¿eï-z¼-D-xôGÅ-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü

¿kÛP-»Þ¾-HÛ-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-Å¤-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-Iâz-µÅ-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-GhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-xôGÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-ºGÝ¾-zü½Àm-GÁï¼-mP-mÝz-qº¤-ÇoÝz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºzz-qºÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅümÝÅ-qºÛ- Û̄-GŸÛ-Çeïü Vß-JË-¼¤-GTÛG-GÛ-iôh-±h-Åï¾-ÅÛ-»- Û̂G-¼Û-GTÛG-Çtô¼-Vïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-±-iôhühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¿YÛh- Û̂-V-Ç‰ô¤Å-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Å¤ü »P-m-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-GP-hÝ-ºzz-q¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-V-Ç‰ô¤Å-zôPÅ-±h-Û̂-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-Å¤ü »P-m-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-GhôÅ-±h-V-±P-ºhÝÅ-bï-GmÅ-q¼-V-º²Ûm-‚ïh-¼ÞP-zºÛ-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qüºDô¼-zŸÛm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅ- Û̂-hzP-GÛÅ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-hï-ºDô¼-¤hº-¾Å-xÛ¼-ºfïm-qºÛ-¿eï-xôGÅ- Û̂-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛGÇKô¼-fÛG-ÇeïP-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-¿eï-zº¤ü ºDô¼-¤hºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºfïm-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü

Physics 111 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qücharge

charge density

Charles law

chemical reaction

chromaticaberration

collision

1ü hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-z¯¤-GŸÛ¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-VïÅ-y-zºÛ-lÝ¾- ï̧GÅ- Û̂-¯-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-ÁÛG-hP.ü hïºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¿kôG-ÁÝGÅ-GZÛÅ-‚ãP-z-»Ûmü hï-¾-D-hôG-GÛ- Þ̧PÅ-hP-JÀôG-GÛ- Þ̧PÅ-GZÛÅ-»ôhü

2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Å¤-m¤-¤DºÛ-Eôm-ŸÛG-mP-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-WÛ-»ôh- Û̂-ºzô¼ü

wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-G¤-m¤-¤DºÛ-M-Eôm-HÛ- Û̄-GŸÛ-¼ï-¼ïº¤ü ÁôP-±h- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-¼ï-¼ï¼-JÀôG-GÛ- Þ̧PÅ-WÛ-»ôh- Û̂-ºzô¼ü½ÀâP-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-zôPÅ-±h-Vï-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÁôP-±h-hï-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-Mãm-Gbm-ºôG-bà-¿Ëôh-¤ïh-iôh-±h-hP-fh-;¼-ºƒï¾-bï-ºHã¼-z-»ÛmülÝ¾-ym-HÛ-GmÅ-Å-zB¼-OÛG-‚Å-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Iâz-µÅ-GTÛG-Iâz-µÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ühÐPÅ-Áï¾-HÛÅ-ºôh- Û̂-D-hôG-ºi-¤Ûm-n¤Å-¤hô-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝ-¤-fÞz-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ÇoP-z½‰m-HÛ-D-hôG-ºFâGÅ-qºÛ-BômülÝ¾-ym-¿e-zÞºÛ-lÝ¾-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hÝ-¤-ŸÛG-Zï-z¼-º²ô¤Å-bï-JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-ºGÝ¾-ÁÝGÅ-ºHã¼-zº¤ü »P-m-mÝÅ-q-zXï-

Þ̧PÅü

JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-ÇeàG-±hü

T×¾-Åï-PïÅ-Æô¾ü

µÅ- Û̂-n¤-ºHã¼ü

±ôm-¤hôG-¼z-¼Ûzü

GhôP-fÞG

Physics 112 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚ãP-¼Û¤-Mãm-fÞP-¾-ºHã¼-Bïm-q-ŸÛGD¤Å-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hÝ-¤-V-±h-PïÅ-Tm-hÝ-ÇkïzÅ-q-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-µÅ-wÞP-GÅÞ¤-qühÐPÅ-Áï¾-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-PôÅ-GTÛG-¹â¤-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-Ç~äG-PôÅ-¿e¼-;ôP-;ôP-Tmü½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-Å¤-½ÀPÅ-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-ÅÞ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ühPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-ºiïm-mÝÅ-ˆÛ-±hühPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-zMãh-hï-iôh-hP-JÀôG-Þ̧PÅ-¿e-zÞ-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-±ß¾üiôh-hP.ü JÀôG-hP.ü ºôh-hP-O-ÅôGÅ-zMãh-ºFÛh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü¤-¾G-TÛG-GÛ-mP-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-JÀôG-Þ̧PÅ-ºw¼-VG-¤ïh-q¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-Gbm-Æô¾ümÝÅ-q-mÛ-GÅ¼-hÝ-zCæm-¤Û-fÞz-¾-¤ïh-q¼-»P-z ô̧-¤Û-fÞz-q-¤-¸hü hïºÛ-n¤-

compound

concave lens

condensation

conductance

conduction

conductor

conservation ofcharge

conservation ofenergy

ºhÝÅ-µÅü

;ôP-Áï¾ü

GÁï¼-wzü

zMãh-FÛh-mÝÅ-±hü

zMãh-FÛhü

zMãh-FÛh-hPôÅ-µÅü

JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-Z¼-±GÅü

mÝÅ-q-Z¼-±GÅü

Physics 113 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüq-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-ºHã¼-ºIô-z-®¤-¾Å-mÝÅ-qºÛ-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å- Û̂-±h-¾-ºHã¼-z-Gbm-mÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmüºyâ¾-ºDô¼-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-»Ûm-¼ÞP-hï¼-¤Dô-vôh-‚Å-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hï-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-xÛ¼-ºhôm-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü½Àm-GÁï¼-¼P-ZÛh- Û̂-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-¾-zdïm-mÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-HÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-V-GTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-bà-±-iôh-ºwô-±ß¾ü¼P-ZÛh-zMãh-mÅ-ºôh- ï̧¼-n¤Å-w-¼ô¾-HÛ-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-zÇkÝ-qºÛ-hÐPÅ-Áï¾ühÐPÅ-Áï¾-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-PôÅ-GTÛG-xÛ-PôÅ-ÅÞ-ºzÞ¼-züºyâ¾-ºDô¼-Í-¤ºÛ-zMãh-hï-ºDô¼-MãG-‚ïh-qº¤ü »P-m-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-fôG-bà-ºzz-Çeïü ±-iôh-GTôG-‚ïh- Û̂-GÁï¼-µÅ-ÁÛG-Íï¤-qÛ-»¼-GTÛG-¿km-HÛ-JÀôG-Mãm-ŸÛG-Ç+¼-V-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-zMãh-FÛh-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-Mã-zºÛ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛüÅô¼-GmÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-hrh-¼ÛG-GÛ-GŸÛ-

conservation ofenergy formachines

convection

converging lens

convex lens

coolant

coulomb

coulomb’s law

ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-zhG-ÆâP.ü

±-iôh-ºwô-Mãü

ÇkÝh-Áï¾ü

ºzÞ¼-Áï¾ü

IP-zÅÛ¾-GbôP-‚ïhü

DÞ-¾ô¤ü

DÞ-¾ô¤-PïÅ-Æô¾ü

Physics 114 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü¯ºÛ-PïÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-Çeïü JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-Tm-HÛ-lÝ¾-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h-mÛü hï-GZÛÅ- Û̂-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-±h- Û̂-zNå¼-fôz-hP-fh-;¼-±h-¤Z¤-»Ûm-¾-y-lÝ¾-¼P-Nå¼-hP-¾ÞGÅ-¿kôG-±h-¤Z¤-»Ûm-±ß¾ülÝ¾-ym-HÛ-¾Þ-GÝ-zMãh- Û̂-ºHã¼-¿kôG-TÛG-Mãm-zÆÛP-z¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-ºz¼-GÅ-¼ÞP-zºÛ-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-Mã-Vüiôh-±h-hï-hP-zL¾-m-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-WÛ-®¤-ŸÛG-vh-ˆP-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-ÅÞ-ºHã¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-iôh-±hüºHïh-ºyôºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-Çeïü ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-mÝÅ-q-Tm-HÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG-Ç+¼-V-¼ï¼-GÅ-fô¼-ºIô-fïPÅ- 3.7 x 10-10GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP-¤±ßPÅ-q-»ÛmüzMãh-FÛh-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-zMãh-hï-Mã-zºÛ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅüGbm-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-Dz-¾ïm-Ez-¼-uh-hïü y-lÝ¾-n¤Å-hÝP-ºEÛ¾-hÝ-ºwÞ¾-ºhïh- Û̂Å-¥ã¼-±h-Çtô¼-zºÛ-»ô-VÅüatomic mass unit ¾-¿eôÅüDz-¾ïm-HÛÅ-ºwÞ¾-zºÛ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-

critical mass

criticaltemperature

curie

current

cyclotron

dalton

diamagnetic

Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-zôPÅ-±hü Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-GhôÅ-±hü

Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-iôh-±hü

ˆã-¼Û×ü

JÀôG-Mãmü

lÝ¾-ym-Ç+ô¼-‚ïhü

^¾-‡ômüDz-¾ïm-HÛÅ-¿kôG-qºÛü

Physics 115 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüÅ¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅüJÀôG-G¤-»P-m-zMãh-FÛh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-È-TP-Ÿm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-bïü Áï¾-hP-h;¼-»ô¾-¿e-zÞühPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝ-JÀôG-GÛ-Ez-¼-ºGôG-mÝÅ- Û̂-±h-GŸÛüºGôG-Aïm-ŸÛG-hP-fÞG-qº¤ü »P-m-½ÀzÅ-hïºÛ-½ÀzÅ-fG-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-zÞ-GÝ-zMãh-mÅ-fôm-XïÅ- Û̂-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-D-xôGÅ-hP-ÁÝGÅ-±h- Û̂-ºHã¼-¿kôGPôÅ- ç̄z-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-mÅ-xÛ¼-¿kôG-qºÛ-ºWâG-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-D-ºfô¼-hÝ-ºIô-±ß¾üz¼-fG-y-¤ôÅ-Vôh-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h-¤Z¤-¼ÞP-wm-±ßm-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-JÀôG-mÝÅ-Å¤-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Çoï-GZÛÅü¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh-TÛG-ºEôG-ºyôº¤-GÝG-ºyôºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-D-hôG-Åô-Åô¼-º‚ïh-±ß¾üwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-GmÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-bà-ÇtôÅ-qºÛ-z¼-fG-GÛ-V-±hüºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-º‚ãP-fïPÅ-

dielectric

dielectricconstant

diffraction

diffusion

dipole

dispersion

displacement

doppler effect

JÀôG-Mã-Ÿm-µÅü

JÀôG-Mã-Ÿm-µÅ-Åô¼-GmÅü

ºEôG-ºyôü

ºfô¼-ºyôü

Çoï-¸ÞP.ü

I¤-qü

GmÅ-Çtôü

ô̂z-¾¼-mÝÅ-qü

Physics 116 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qühï-º‚ãP-GmÅ-hP-¿e-¤Dm-m¤ü Zm-¤Dm-wm-±ßm-¿eôÅ-zTÅ- Û̂-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-»ôh-±ïü MP-fG-Wï-¼ÛP-hÝ-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-VG-qº¤ü »P-m-Wï-Zï¼-ÇÀïzÅ-Ç+zÅ-ºw¼-zºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾üºyâ¾-VÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-¾Å-¯ô¾-‚Å-q-¾Å-wm-fôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-¾Å- ô̄¾-hÝ-zNå¼-zºÛ-zM-VüGhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hï-hG-GÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¤-Z¤Å-qº¤-±-iôh-¤-zBïh-q¼-zB¼-¿kôG-‚ïh-±ß¾ühPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-Z¤Å-‚ïh- Û̂-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-Gmôm-±ïü hïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ºHã¼-z-hP.ü m¤-ŸÛG-ÁÝGÅ-hï-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚Å-±ï-ÇS¼-HÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-¼P-Åô¼-Vßh-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅü1ü JÀôG-Mãm-MãG-qº¤-MãG-ÆÛh-qºÛ-

¤fÞh-¤±¤Å-Tm-HÛ-Mã-¾¤-ŸÛG2ü JÀôG-¾¤-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅ-

¤-¾GJÀôG- Þ̧PÅ- Û̂Å-zCæm-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛG-»ôh-qºÛ-n¤-q-Tm-HÛ-Å-DÞ¾üJÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez-¼-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-

efficiency

elastic collision

elasticity

electric circuit

electric field

electric potential

¾Å-Vôhü

Åô¼-Vßh-GhôP-fÞG

m¼-¿kï¤ü

JÀôG-¾¤ü

JÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez-¼ü

JÀôG-GÛ-mÝÅ-±hü

Physics 117 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüG»ô-ºGÝ¾-‚ïh-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-¾Å- ô̄¾-HÛ-±hüGbm-±ßGÅ-Å¤-G»ô-ºGÝ¾-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qüJÀôG-hP.ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-hP.üµÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-ºVÛP-M-hP.ü hï-zŸÛm-ºôh-fï-zºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-n¤-q-¤fº-hG-GÛ-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-hP-JÀôG-hP-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-uôh-±ß¾-hP-ºƒï¾-GbàG-‚-±ß¾-zTÅ- Û̂-ÇoP-±ß¾-Ço-±ôGÅ-qü¾ïz-‡ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-G»ô-¤ïh- Û̂-GhôÅ-±h-JË-¼¤- 9.107 x

10-28 hP-¼ôz- Û̄Å-¿e¼-m-JÀôG-Þ̧PÅ-DÞ-¾ô¤- -1.602 x 10-19Tm-HÛ-zdm-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛ-y-lÝ¾üJÀôG-lÝ¾-GÅôG-ºWôG-GÛ-fzÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ- Û̄-GbôP-fzÅüºGÝ¾-MãG-¤ïh-qºÛ-JÀôG-GÛ- Þ̧PÅ-¾-hrh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüô̄¾-z-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-bïühqï¼-mü mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-uh-hï-zôPÅ-±h-

electricity

electromagnetism

electron

electroplating

electrostatics

energy

JÀôG

JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅü

JÀôG-lÝ¾ü ¤ô-lÝ¾ü

JÀôG-¯Ûü

Åô¼-GmÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-¼ÛG-qü

mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅü

Physics 118 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüTm-HÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-ºGÝ¾-z-¿e-zÞºôü¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-ºwÞ¼-¤hº-ÅôGÅ-z¼-ÇoP-xÛ-¤¼-GbôP-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-ÅºÛ-Gô-¾-¿e-zÞºÛ-GôP-zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-¾Å-Iô¾-z¼-hGôÅ-PïÅ- Û̂-¥ã¼-±hü¤ô-lÝ¾-hP-wô-lÝ¾ü z¼-lÝ¾-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-GTÛG-GÛ- ï̧GÅ-lÝ¾-GZÛÅ-;ôm-‡¤-GmÅ-¾ÞGÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝÅ-¤Z¤-hÝ-GmÅ-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾üJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyô¼-GTï¼-Gbh-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-ºôh-º‚Ûm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG hqï¼-mü ¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh-h¤ü »P-m- x- ºyô-ºôh-¿e-zÞ-ºôh-xãP-zºÛ-GÁÛÅ-uôhü¤ï-¾ôP-P¤-hÐPÅ-Áï¾-HÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-hïºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-ºhÝ-¤±¤Å-z¼-HÛ-MP-fGhÐPÅ-Áï¾-¤-¾G-GÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-¼¤-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝ-zº¤ü¿kôG-ºyôºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-D-HïÅ-q¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÁÛGwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¤HôGÅ-±h-h¤üD-xôGÅ-Å¤ü »P-m-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-Nå¼-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-Aïm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-züGô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Dô-mÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-

ƒôÅ-±hü

GŸm-Åï¾-Gbm-Æô¾ü

xï-lÝ¾-ºôh-¸ï¼-ºyô-¾ÞGÅü

ºhÝ-GmÅ-¼ÛP-±hü

ºhÝ-GmÅü

ÁÝGÅü

¼P-¿ËàP.ü

escape speed

exclusionprinciple

fluorescence

Focal length

focus

force

free fall

Physics 119 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüºGÝ¾-BôhühPôÅ-qô-GZÛÅ- Û̂-PôÅ-wm-±ßm-ºyh-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-qô-GTÛG-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-qô-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-ºGôG-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅüºôh-wm-±ßm-ºfz-qº¤-ºEôG-ºyôºÛ-hzP-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-h;¼-V-mG-VºÛ-Áh-¼ÛÅüzôPÅ-±h-È-TP-Vï-zºÛ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-¼P-GÛ-Zï-ºDô¼-HÛ-zôPÅ-±h-Vï-zºÛ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºwôÅ-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-Ez-»Þ¾ü ºhÛºÛ-ºW¾-±h-mÛü ;Û-¾ô-¼ï-¼ï¼-mÛºÞ-‡ôm-WÛ-»ôh-z Û̄-hGôÅüzôPÅ-±h-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-qô-±P-¤Å-wm-±ßm-ºfïm-¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅüm¼-¿kï¤-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ºfïm-qº¤-z®Û¼-zºÛ-±h-hP.ü hïºÛ-ÇeïP-zz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-fh-;¼-±h-¤Z¤-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü¤Dº-½ÀâP-mP-hÝ-VßºÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-¤P-ZÝP-WÛ-®¤-»ôh-qºÛ-ºzô¼-±hü hï-¾-¿eôÅ-zTÅ-hP-¿eôÅ-¤ïh- Û̂-zŸº-±m-GZÛÅ-

zl¼-ÁÝGÅü

º²¼ü

ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Ez-¼ü

ºfïm-ÁÝGÅü

ÈàG-GÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾ü

zŸº-±mü

friction

fringes

gravitational field

gravity

Hooke’s law

humidity

Physics 120 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü»ôhüÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-ÇeïP-ºôG-z¼-GÅÞ¤-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-VßºÛ-n¤-q-f¤Å-Th-¾-¸ï¼-bïühïºÛ-mP-Å-ÇeïP-GÛ-Vß-hP.ü M-¤±ô-hP.ü¤±ô-hP.ü MãG-Vß-hP.ü Å-ºôG-GÛ-Vß-hP.ü hï-zŸÛm-GPÅ-hP.ü ºEGÅ-q-hP-½ÀâP-D¤Å-mP-GÛ-Vß-zTÅ-ºhÝÅ-»ôhühÐPÅ-Áï¾-hP-¤ï-¾ôP-GÛ-Eh-VôÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-m¤-hïºÛ-Pô-zÁÝÅ- Û̂-G Þ̧GÅühPôÅ-qô-TÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛG-ºzz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-hï-hP.ü hïºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-GZÛÅ-wm-±ßm-zNå¼-zºÛ-zNå¼-fôzüGhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hï-hG-GÛ-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-Z¤Å-q-hP-iôh-Bï-zü h-hÝP-wm-±ßm-º‚¼-ÆÛh-qºÛ-GhôP-fÞG-TÛGhPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-ºGÝ¾-Bôh- Û̂-¼P-zŸÛm-¾-ºwô-ºHã¼-ºôP-z¼-ºGôG-fzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾ü¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh- Û̂-±h-¾ôPÅ-¾-Dh- Û̂-º‚ãP-fïPÅ-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG-

hydrosphere

Image

impulse

inelastic collision

inertia

infrared rays

Vß-»Û-h Û̂¾-ºDô¼ü VßºÛ-D¤Åü

ÇoP-z½‰mü

P¼-ÁÝGÅü

Åô¼-¤Û-Vßh-qºÛ-GhôP-fÞG

ºGôG-ÁÝGÅ-¼P-GÁÛÅü

h¤¼-xÛºÛ-ºôh-¸ï¼ü

Physics 121 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-½ÀzÅ-Mãm-hï-mÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-iôh-hP-¤Z¤-q-»ÛmüGmÅ-Ç+zÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤HôGÅ-±hüiôh-hP.ü JÀôG-hP.ü ºôh-hP-O-zTÅ-hï-¤Þ¼-zMãh-GbôP-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛGº‚ãP-fïPÅ-¤±ßPÅ-qº¤ü »P-m-¤Û-¤±ßPÅ-qºÛ-½ÀzÅ-ºGº-ŸÛG-¿Ëm-hÝ-ºhÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-¿kï¤-Dôh- Û̂-ºHã¼-zü¿eï-z¼-wô-lÝ¾-HÛ-IPÅ-¤±ßPÅ-¼ÞP-z¼-lÝ¾-HÛ-IPÅ-¤Û-¤±ßPÅ-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-lÝ¾-ym-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hÝ-¤-¾Å-GTÛGG¸º-Ç+¼-n¤Å-ZÛ-¤-¿eï-z¼-z Þ̧P-zºÛ-¼P-¼P-GÛ-ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅ-ºDô¼-¾¤-hÝ-ºDô¼-z¼-ºhôh-±ß¾üZÛ-¤-hP-G¸º-Ç+¼-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG-z¼-HÛ-fÛG-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-¤±¤Å-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-mP-m¤-¤DºÛ-M-Eôm-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-zBôh-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü¾ôº¤ü ¹-zº¤ü ZÛm-IPÅ-ÅÞ-z Û̄Å-

instantaneousspeed

insulator

Interference

isotope

Kepler’s first lawof planetarymotion

Kepler’s secondlaw of planetarymotion

Kepler’s third

Ç+zÅ-fôG-¤HôGÅ-±hü

zMãh-FÛh-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-µÅü

fï-ŸÝGÅü fï-‚ãÅü

GmÅ-¤Z¤-D¤Å-µÅü

;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-hP-qôü

;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-GZÛÅ-qü

;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-GÅÞ¤-qü

Physics 122 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüqºÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-ºDô¼-Bôh- Û̂-hÝÅ-»Þm-HÛ-¼P-Nå¼-hï-hP.ü G¸º-Ç+¼-hï-hP-ZÛ-¤ºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-V-Ç‰ô¤Å-MP-fG-hï-¿kz-GÅÞ¤-Nå¼-‚Å-q-hP-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-»Ûm-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾üºGÝ¾-Bôh- Û̂-hzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-Å¤ü ¤-¾G-TÛG-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü¿kï¤-Dôh-È-TP-¤fô-¾-º‚ãP-fïPÅ-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-f-hh-qºÛ-GTÛG-ºhÝÅ- Û̂-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-ºyô-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ô-VÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛGºWÛG-dïm-D¤Å- Û̂-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-f¤Å-Th-¾-wm-±ßm-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GTÛG-ºfïm-¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-»ôh-q-hP-ü ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-hï-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GZÛÅ- Û̂-GhôÅ-±h- Û̂-ºHã¼-fôz-hP-fh-;¼-V-¤Z¤-»Ûm-¾-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GZÛÅ-hz¼-HÛ-MP-fG-GÛ-¼P-Nå¼-hP-¾ÞGÅ-¿kôG-±h-¤Z¤-»Ûm-±ß¾üxÛ-GÅ¾-mP-GÅ¾-HÛ-»ô-VÅ-hï-mÅ-zMãh-qºÛ-ºôh-hï-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝ-zº¤-D-HïÅ-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-ÇoP-z½‰m-ºV¼-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛGG¸º-Ç+¼-hrh-¼ÛG-GÛ-mP-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-MP-fG-GÛ- Û̄-GŸÛ-Çeïü ºôh- Û̂Å-ÇeôP-

law of planetarymotion

kinetic energy

Laser

Law of universalgravitation

lense

light year

ºGÝ¾-ÇezÅ-mÝÅ-qü

¾ï-¸ï¼ü

»ôPÅ-Ez-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-PïÅ-Æô¾ü

hÐPÅ-Áï¾ü

ºôh-¾ôü

Physics 123 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüÅP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¾ô-GTÛG-¼ÛP-zIôh-qºÛ-MP-fGDz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼-Cæm-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛGJÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-G»ô-ºGÝ¾-HÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ºHã¼-¿kôG-ºIô-zŸÛm-qºÛ-JÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez-»Þ¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Ez-ÅºÛ-Eômü¿Ëô-hP-‚P-GÛ-f-Ç‰h-¢¼-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-Vï-ÁôÅ-»ôh-ÅºÛ-Çoï-GZÛÅ-¾Å-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛGÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-ºHã¼-¿kôG-TÛG-Çeïü ÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-¿Ëô-Çoï¼-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-‚P-Çoï-hP.ü ÅºÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-‚P-Çoï-hP-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¿Ëô-Çoï-hP-D-xôGÅ-ºIÛG-±ß¾ü1ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-hP-

ÁÝGÅ-Aïmü2ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼Å-zCæm-qºÛ-mÝÅ-

ÁÝGÅüEz-¼ºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h-hP-D-xôGÅ-ºW¾-zºÛ-»ô-VÅü

magnet

magnetic field

magnetic pole

magnetic reversal

magnetism

magnetometer

Dz-¾ïmü

Dz-¾ïm-Ez-¼ü

Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Çoïü

Dz-¾ïm-Gô-¿kôG

Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅü

Dz-¾ïm-ºW¾-VÅü

Physics 124 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-¼GÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-zOæz-‚ºÛ-µÅ-Å¤ü »P-m-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-hïºÛ-mP-GÛ-µÅ- Û̂-ºzô¼-±hühPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-hP-hïºÛ-ÇeïP-ºzz-zŸÛm-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-GZÛÅ-wm-±ßm-ºfz-¾ïm-¾-hrh-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qüÁÝGÅ-hP-mÝÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-ºwô-zMãh-‚ïh-ÅºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅü±-iôh-ºhP-PïÅ-¢¼-z-¾Å-Æ-G Þ̧GÅ-Û̂-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-ÅÞ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-iôh-±hüº‚ãP-fïPÅ-ÈØµ-hÝP-xã¼-GTÛG-mÅ-fï¼-ºzÞ¤-Vïm-qô-GÅÞ¤-z¼-HÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-½ÀzÅ-ÁÛGhPôÅ-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-ŸÛG-wm-±ßm-µÅ-ºHã¼-HÛ-Çkïz-¢ô¼-¤-»Ûm-q¼-zÆïÅ-q-ÇÀ¼-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-º‚ïh-fÞz-fzÅ-»ôh-q-ŸÛGlÝ¾-ym-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-ŸÛG-JÀôG-lÝ¾-fÞm-¤ôP-hÝ-uôh-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-µÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-ºVÛP-M-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¤Z¤-hÝ-£ï¾-z-¾-¸ï¼üxôGÅ-±h-GZÛÅ-¿km-HÛ-±h-GŸÛü wÞP-

mass

mechanics

medium

melting point

microwave

mixture

molecules

momentum

zôPÅ-±hü GhôÅ-±hü

ºfz-ÁÝGÅ-¼ÛG-qü

zMãh-¾¤ü

zŸÝ-GmÅü

y-½ÀzÅü

ºiïÅ-¤ü

Iâz-µÅü ºhÝÅ-lÝ¾ü

ºGÝ¾-±hü

Physics 125 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüG Þ̧GÅ-hP.ü ½ÀzÅ-hP.ü Ez-¼-ÅôGÅ-xÛ-hPôÅ- Û̂-¤-¾G-GÛ-¥ã¼-±h-hP-hïºÛ-mÝÅ-qºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-ºƒï¾-z-Çeôm-‚ïhü¹-z-»¼-PôºÛ-xïh-hP.ü ¤¼-PôºÛ-xïh-hÝ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-¡-½ÀzÅüwô-JÀôG-hP-¤ô-JÀôG-GÛ-VôÅ-ZÛh-TÛ-»P-¤Û-¿km-ŸÛP-„Ë-¼Û-»ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-Zï-zºÛ-lÝ¾-ym-HÛ- ï̧GÅ-¤ü hïºÛ-GhôÅ-±h-¾-JË-¼¤- 1.674 x

10-24 »Ûm-qÅ-JÀôG-lÝ¾-¾Å-¿kz-1838 ¤P-z-hP-wô-lÝ¾-¾Å-TßP-¸h-Vï-z-»ôhüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-±-iôh-Z¤Å-±ß¾-hïüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-hï-hP-hïºÛ-Dô¼-»ÞG-z¼-HÛ-iôh-±h- Û̂-Eh-q¼-hP-V-¤Z¤-q-»ÛmüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-¾-WÛ-ÆÛh-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛG-¤-ºyh-q-hï-ÆÛh-hÝ-G»ô-ºGÝ¾-¤ïh-m-¼P-Åô¼-G»ô-¤ïh-hÝ-GmÅ-q-hP.üG¾-bï-G»ô-ºGÝ¾-»ôh-q-ŸÛG-»Ûm-mü¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-VG-¤ïh-q¼-¤Þ-¤fÞh-ºGÝ¾-zŸÛm-hÝ-GmÅ-hGôÅüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºzz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-mÛ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-hïºÛ-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-V-hP-GhôÅ-±h- Û̂-zNå¼-fôz-hï-»Ûmü

±ïÅ-½ÀzÅ-h¤º-ÁôÅü

¤-mÛP-lÝ¾ü z¼-lÝ¾ü

mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-IP-¾ÞGÅ-PïÅ-Æô¾ü

mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-hP-qôü

mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-GZÛÅ-qü

neap tide

neutron

Newton’s law ofcooling

Newton’s firstlaw

Newton’s secondlaw

Physics 126 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü‚ïh-¾Å-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-»Ûm-¼ÞP.ü hï¼-hô-¤Z¤-¿kôG-¹ºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-»ôh-hGôÅülÝ¾-ym-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¿eï-zºÛ-V-hï-h-hÝP-hÝ¤-zÞ-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hÝ-¤¼-HïÅ-±ß¾ülÝ¾-ym-HÛ-ZÛP-lÝ¾-Çkïz-qºÛ-±ß¾-bïü‚ï-ƒG-bà-»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-ZÛP-lÝ¾-¾¤ü»P-zºÛ-ZÛP-lÝ¾-GŸm-zÇkïzÅ-q-¾Å-Èï-¾Û-»¤-HÛ-ZÛP-lÝ¾-¿e-zÞ-¿UÛ-zºÛ-ZÛP-lÝ¾-ŸÛG-Iâz-±ß¾ühÝ¤-zÞ¼-HïÅ-q-hP.ü ZÛP-lÝ¾-Çkïz-qº¤ü »P-m-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-¸h-LÝh-ºIô-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-HÛÅ-Aïm-qÅ-mÝÅ-qº¤ü »P-m-zôPÅ-±h-xãP-zü »P-m-D-fô¼-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-mÝÅ-q-xãP-Çeï-lÝ¾-ym-HÛ-ZÛP-lÝ¾-HÛ-Oô¤-GŸÛ-¾-ºHã¼-z-ºIô-±ß¾ülÝ¾-ym-HÛ-wô-lÝ¾-GTÛG-G¤-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-hPü »P-½ÀâP-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-lÝ¾-ym-±P-¤ü ¤-mÛP-lÝ¾-GTÛG-G¤-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-GP-hÝ-ºhÝ-ÅºÛ-lÝ¾-ym-HÛ-GhôÅ-±h-w¾-¤ô-Vï-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-hzÞÅ- Û̂-VüºHÛG-±Ûº¤-Áï¾-¾Å-Iâz-q-¿kï¤-ŸÛP-xÛ-mP-GÅ¾-zºÛ-ZG-¤-GP-ŸÛG-zMãh-hïü hïºÛ-mP-GÛ-GTÛG-XïÅ-GZÛÅ-¤fÞh-

mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-GÅÞ¤-qü

ZÛP-lÝ¾-ºz¼-GÅü

ZÛP-lÝ¾-¢ô¼-Çkïzü

ZÛP-lÝ¾-HÛ-n¤-ºHã¼ü

¿eï-ZÛP.ü ¿eï-hzÞÅü

ºôh- Û̂-fG-¼mü

Newton’s thirdlaw

nuclear fission

nuclear fusion

nuclear reaction

nucleus

optical fiber

Physics 127 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüÛ̂-¿kôG-ºyôÅ- Û̂Å-ºôh-ºwô-zMãh-fÞz-qüºôh- Û̂-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-Eh-GÁÛÅ-¾-zdG-qºÛ-hPôÅ-D¤Å-±m-¼ÛG-GÛ-»m-¾G1ü ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-Aïm-qÅ-m¤-

¤DºÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-hP.ü zTôÅ-¤ºÛ-Mã-Ç+¼-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-ºDô¼-zºÛ-Mã-¾¤ü

2ü ZÛP-lÝ¾-HÛ-¤fº-Ç+ô¼-hÝ-zBôh-qºÛ-JÀôG-lÝ¾-¾¤ü »P-m-lÝ¾- ï̧GÅ-GŸm-HÛ-zdm-qºÛ-;ôm-‡¤-GmÅ-zz-TÛG

Gô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Dô-mºÛ-ºôG-ºwïm-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ºIô-¾¤-GÝG-¤ôüG¾-bï-iôh-±h-GTÛG-qºÛ-ºôG-Æï-¢ô¼-‚Å-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-n¤Å-¾Å-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-GTÛG-¼P-GÛÅ-ºiïÅ-¤-hï-¼P-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-ÁôP-±h- Û̂-Gô-Å-z Þ̧P-mühïÅ-º‚Ûm-ÆÛh-qºÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅüD¤Å-µÅ-n¤Å-¼P-GÛ-lÝ¾-ym-ÍP-IPÅ-hP.ü hï-hG-GÛ-JÀôG-lÝ¾-HÛ-z;ôh-OÛG-¿e¼-zOÛGÅ-bïü Eh-VôÅ-ºi-¤±ßPÅ- Û̂-D¤Å-µÅ-n¤Å-;-fÛG-GTÛG-bà-OÛ¾-zºÛ-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG

optics

orbit

parabola

partial pressure

periodic table

ºôh-ÇoP-¼ÛG-qü

ºDô¼-¾¤ü

qï-¼-zô-¾¤ü GÝG-¾¤ü

V-ÁÅ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅü

hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG

Physics 128 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü¤Pôm-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh- Û̂Å-ºWâG-ºyôºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-mÅ-JÀôG-lÝ¾-n¤Å-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-±ß¾üÇ+¼-ym-¾Å-Vï-ŸÛP-Ç+¼-¤-¾Å-VßP-zºÛ-z¼-ÇoP-GÛ-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-Vï-IÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü hï-hG-Åô-ÅôÅ-ºôh-zCæm-¤Û-fÞz-ˆP-ü ¼P-ZÛh-GP-¾-ºDô¼-zºÛ-Ç+¼-¤ºÛ-ºôh- Û̂Å-GÅ¾-z¼-‚ïh-hôühPôÅ-µÅ- Û̂-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-zŸÛ-q-Çeïü Æ-G Þ̧GÅ-hP.ü ½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-hP-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-n¤-q-GÅÞ¤-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛ-lÝ¾-¤-±P-zº¤ü ¼P-G¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-JÀôG-lÝ¾-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅüwÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¼P-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ- Û̂-hzP-GÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qüÛ̄-GŸÛºÛ-M-Eôm-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-Mãm-¿km-hÝ-ºzz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-Å¤ü »P-m-ÁÝGÅ-hP-Å-Eôm-GZÛÅ- Û̂-ÇkÝ¼-fP-hï-»ÛmülôG-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-©P-GŸÛº¤-»P-m-hïºÛ-¤fº-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-hP-Vï-VßP-ºi-¤±ßPÅ-»Ûm-q-¤-¸hühïºÛ-PôÅ-JÀÛP-n¤Å-¼ï-¼ï-zŸÛm-fh-GÁÛz-Iâ-zŸÛ-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÅÞ-PïÅ-qºÛ-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅü

photoelectriceffect

planet

plasma

potential energy

pressure

prism

ºôh- Û̂Å-JÀôG-lÝ¾-ºzÞh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü

G¸ºü

q-¾²-¤ü ¥G-¤ü

GmÅ-ÇezÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-qü

Gmôm-ÁÝGÅü

ºWº-Áï¾-(h‚ÛzÅü)

Physics 129 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüGô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-ºôG-½ÀâP-D¤Å-Å¤-z¼-ÇoP-hÝ-Mã-zºÛ-hPôÅ-G Þ̧GÅ-ÁÛG„Ëï-¼Û-»ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-zdm-GmÅ-y-lÝ¾-ŸÛG hïºÛ-GhôÅ-±h-JË-¼¤- 1.672 x 10-21 »Ûmü hï-¾-JÀôG- Þ̧PÅ-wô-DÞ-¾ô¤- 1.602 x

10-19 ®¤-»ôhümÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-ü Þ̧¼-DÞG ºGÝ¾-±h-¿e-zÞ-V-ÁÅ-zGô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¤Pôm-q¼-GÅ¾-¾-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-f-hh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-Eh-VôÅü;ôm-‡¤-ÁÝGÅ-hrh-¼ÛG-qºÛ-fzÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-GÁÛÅ-¾ÞGÅ-ºGº-¼ï¼-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-n¤-GŸGº‚ãP-GmÅ-ÁÛG-mÅ-ºôh- ï̧¼-¼¤-½ÀzÅ-Û̂-n¤-q¼-ºHïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü hqï¼-mü±-iôh-hP.ü ºôhü O-¿e-zÞºôüºôh- Û̂-ºhÝ-GmÅ-Pô-¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ÇoP-z½‰müºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-ÁÛG-hPôÅ-qô-GŸm-hP-ºyh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-ºyh-¤±¤Å-D-xôGÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ü

projectile

proton

quantum

quantum theory

radiation

real image

reflection

NôGÅ-hPôÅü

wô-lÝ¾ü

;ôm-‡¤ü

;ôm-‡¤-n¤-GŸG

ºHïh-ºyôü

ÇoP-z½‰m-Pô-¤ü

¿kôG-ºyôü

Physics 130 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qürefraction

resistance

rotational speed

satellite

scalar quantity

ºEôG-ºyôü

ºGôG-ÁÝGÅü

ºDô¼-±hü

ºDô¼-Ç+¼ü

GŸ¾-¼ÞP-ºzô¼-±hü

ºôh-hP-OºÛ-½ÀzÅ-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-ÇeàG-±h-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-zMãh-¾¤-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-Bôh-Ç+zÅ-½ÀzÅ-hïºÛ-D-xôGÅ-ºEôG-±ß¾ü1ü zl¼-ÁÝGÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-

hPôÅ-qôºÛ-ºGÝ¾-Bôh- Û̂-¿kôG-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¤mm-bï-hPôÅ-qô-hïºÛ-ºGÝ¾-Bôh-ºGôG-qº¤-h¾-hÝ-GbôP-ÇePÅü

2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-ºwô-z-¾-ºGôG-Aïm-WÛ-Ç‰ïh-z ô̧-zºÛ-±hühïºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-Íö¤-HÛÅ-ºW¾-z-»Ûmü

hÝÅ- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Ç+ô¼-z-WÛ-®¤-ºDô¼-zºÛ-D-IPÅü Ç+zÅ-w¾-¤ô-Vï¼-Ç+¼-Vº¤-Ç+¼-¤-¼ï-¼ï¼-ºDô¼-fïPÅ-WÛ-»Ûm-HÛÅ-ºW¾-z-»ÛmüwÞP-qô-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤fº-ºDô¼-hÝ-ºDô¼-¾¤-PïÅ-Tm-fôG-Mã-zºÛ-wÞP-qô-VßP-z-ŸÛGV-±h-GŸ¾-hÝ-»ôh-ˆP-D-xôGÅ-z Þ̧P-hÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ-ºzô¼-V-ŸÛG hqï¼-m-GhôÅ-±h-hP-ü ÁôP-±h-hP-ü ¤HôGÅ-±h-¿e-zÞºôü

Physics 131 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qühPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-zôPÅ-±h- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-¼ï-¼ï¼-iôh-±h-WÛ-®¤-ºw¼-z-hP.ühPôÅ-qô-hï¼-iôh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-WÛ-®¤-ÅÛ¤-q-GZÛÅ- Û̂-wm-±ßm-zÇkÝ¼-zºÛ-VühÝÅ-±ôh- Û̂- Û̄-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-WÛ-®¤-Bôh-qºÛ-MP-fGZÛ-¤-hP-ü Å-GŸÛ-hP-¹-z-n¤Å-iP-fÛG-GTÛG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-½ÀzÅ-¤fô-z-n¤Å-V-Ç‰ô¤Å-¾Å-¤fô-z-hP.ü hÝÅ-½ÀzÅ-h¤º-z-n¤Å-V-Ç‰ô¤Å-¾Å-h¤º-zºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾üG®ô-zô-¹-zºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂-hzP-GÛÅ-Å-GŸÛºÛ-ÇeïP-GÛ-M-¤±ô-hP.ü ¤±ô-hP-¤±ô-DÞG-n¤Å- Û̂-Vß-D-ºwï¾-ºIÛz-ºIô-ÇePÅü1ü ¤ÛºÛ-n-zºÛ-fôÅ-±h-¾Å-zL¾-qºÛ-

º‚ãP-fïPÅ-Tm-HÛ-Oü(¼ôz- Û̄Å-‚Å-m-ÈØµ-ZÛÅ-FÛ-®¤ü)

2ü ¤ÛºÛ-fôÅ-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛ-O-½ÀzÅ-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-mP-zbP-z-xÛ¼-¿kôG-‚ãP-z-¾Å-zbz-qºÛ-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-¾ïm-fzÅ-ÁÛG

ºôh-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-±h-¾Å-fÞP-»P-ºôh- ï̧¼-HÛ-½ÀzÅ-¾Å-¼ÛP-zºÛ-Çä̈G-¤±¤Å-mP-GÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼ü

specific heatcapacity

speed

spring tide

tide

ultra sound

ultraviolet light

iôh-G Þ̧P-mÝÅ-qü

¤HôGÅ-±hü

hrÛh-½ÀzÅü

hÝÅ-½ÀzÅü

1ü fôÅ-±h-zL¾-Oü2ü zL¾-OºÛ-JÀôG-q¼ü

Ç¨äG-xÛºÛ-ºôhü

Physics 132 hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qüzï¤-G Þ̧GÅ-hP.ü mÝÅ-qü m¤-¤Dº-WÛ-Ç‰ïh-f¤Å-Th-ºhÝÅ-qºÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP.üxôGÅ-¿km-ºzô¼-±h-¤±ôm-‚ïh-hÝ-z;ôh-qºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-PïÅ-qºÛ-¤hº-dGÅüV-±h-hP-D-xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-;-Tm-HÛ-ºzô¼-Vü hqï¼-mü ÁÝGÅ-±h-hP.ü¥ã¼-±h-hP.ü ¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-V-¿e-zÞºôüºGÝ¾-Bôh- Û̂-D-xôGÅ-PïÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-¤HôGÅ-±hüG Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-GP-¾Å-¿kôG-qº¤-ºEôG-qºÛ-ºôh- ï̧¼-hï-hG-D-HïÅ-q¼-ÇoP-±ß¾ü hqï¼-mü PôÅ-¾ïz-¤ô-Tm-HÛ-¤ï-¾ôP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-G Þ̧GÅ-z½‰m-¤fôP-±ß¾-¿e-zÞüJÀôG-¾¤-HÛ-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-bà-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂-±h-ºW¾-zºÛ- Û̄-GŸÛüºGÝ¾-ºFâG-TÛG-zMãh-¾¤-ŸÛG-zMãh-hï-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-hïºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-zMãh-¾¤-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-y-lÝ¾-GTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºwô-MãG-‚ïh-ˆP.ü zMãh-¾¤-hï¼-Gbm-ºWGÅ- Û̂-ºHã¼-z-¤Û-ÅôP-züºôh-hP-ü iôh-ÅôGÅ-mÝÅ-qºÛ-½ÀzÅ- Û̂-

universe

vector

vector quantity

velocity

virtual image

volt

wave

wave length

ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-D¤Åü

xôGÅ-¿km-¤hº-dGÅü

xôGÅ-¿km-ºzô¼-±hü

¥ã¼-±hü

ÇoP-z½‰m-¿e¼-ÇoP.ü

JÀôG-GÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±hü ¶ô¾‡ü

½ÀzÅü

½ÀzÅ- Û̂-¼ÛP-±hü


weight

weightlessness

work

work-energytheorem

¿YÛhü

¿YÛh-¤ïh-¼P-zŸÛmü

ô̄¾-zü

ô̄¾-mÝÅ-n¤-GŸG

ï̄-¤ôº¤- ï̧-ºGô-GZÛÅ-hz¼-HÛ-MP-fGhPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-ÅºÛ-Gô-¾º¤-z¼-ÇoP-GÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ- Û̂Å-wÞP-G Þ̧GÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¿eï-zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-±ß¼-ºGÝG-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü¼P-¿ËàP-GÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-¾-ºhïGÅ-Bô¼-HÛ-ÁÝGÅ-GŸm-TÛ-»P-¤ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛGhPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zzÅ-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-ü hïÅ-MP-fG-WÛ-®¤-ºGÝ¾-z-GZÛÅ- Û̂-hPôÅ-qô-hïºÛ-Nå¼-fôzühPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-‚Å-qºÛ- ô̄¾-z-hï-hPôÅ-qô-hï¼-fôz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-¤±ßPÅ-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü


Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü135


µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-VhüCHEMISTRY TERMS

zôh-GŸÝP-Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP.hP.ü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qüMEN-TSE-KHANG & PUBLICATION CELL / DOE

Chemistry 136 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü D¤Å-µÅ-hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG ( Periodic Table of Elements)

lÝ¾-IPÅü1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

D¤Å-µÅüHydrogen

Helium

Lithium

Beryllium

Boron

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

Sodium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silicon

Phosphorus

Sulphur

Chlorine

Argon

Potassium

Calcium

Scandium

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Manganese

¤±ôm-dGÅüH

He

Li

Be

B

C

N

O

F

Ne

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Ar

K

Ca

Sc

Ti

V

Cr

Mn

zôh-zlü»P-½ÀâP.üÈï-¾Û-»¤ü¾Û-fÛ-»¤üzï-¼Û-¾Û-»¤ü±-¾-mG-qôümG-µÅü ;¼-zômüï̧-½ÀâP-üÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP.ü º±ô-½ÀâP.üwÞ-¾ô-¼Ûmümï-½ÀâP.üzÞ¾-µÅüh;¼-G»ºüÈ-»P.üÅÛ-¾Û-;ômüºôh- Û̂-¤-¤ü¤Þ-¸Ûü±Ð-½ÀâP.üÍ¼-Gômü GZÝG-½ÀâP.ühÝG-Åï¾-h;¼-qôüh;¼-Á¤ü TôP-ŸÛüÅÛ-;m- Û̂-»¤ü‡ñ-‡ïï-mÛ-»¤ü¶ï-mÛ- Û̂-»¤ü;ô-¿UGÅü¤ïP-¿UGÅü


26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

Iron

Cobalt

Nickel

Copper

Zinc

Gallium

Germanium

Arsenic

Selenium

Bromine

Krypton

Rubidium

Strontium

Yttrium

Zirconium

Niobium

Molybdenum

Technetium

Ruthenium

Rhodium

Palladium

Silver

Cadmium

Indium

Tin

Antimony

Tellurium

Iodine

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

Rb

Sr

Y

Zr

Nb

Mo

Te

Ru

Rh

Pd

Ag

Cd

In

Sn

Sb

Te

I

¿UGÅü;ô-z×¾üGÁº-±ïü GÁº-h;¼ü¸PÅübÛ-±üJËï-¾Û-»¤üW¼-¤ï-mÛ-»¤üz-„ÀüÅï-¾ï-mÛ-»¤üzÞ¼ô-¤ÛmüÇ~Å-½ÀâP-ü¼Þ-zÛ- Û̂-»¤üÇœôm-Á¤ü»Û-‡-¼Û-»¤ü²Û¼-;ô-mÛ-»¤ümïºô-zÛ-»¤ü¤ô-¾Û-z- Û̂-m¤ü‡ïG-aï-ÁÛ-»¤ü¼Þ-fï-mÛ-»¤ü¼ô- Û̂-»¤üq-¾ï- Û̂-»¤ühPÞ¾übÛ-±Ð-BïÅü Dï-^-¤Û-»¤ü¤fÛP-¿UGÅü(¿UGÅ-)=Ûmü¤ÛG-Ç¨mü‡ï-¾Þ-¼Û-»¤ü¿~-±Ðü

Chemistry 138 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

Xenon

Cesium

Barium

Lanthanum

Cerium

Praseodymium

Neodymium

Promethium

Samarium

Europium

Gadolinium

Terbium

Dysprosium

Holmium

Erbium

Thulium

Ytterbium

Lutetium

Hafnium

Tantalum

Tungsten

Rhenium

Osmium

Iridium

Platinum

Gold

Mercury

Thallium

Xe

Cs

Ba

La

Ce

Pr

Nd

Pm

Sm

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Lu

Hf

Ta

W

Re

Os

Ir

Pt

Au

Hg

Tl

²ïm-½ÀâP.üÅï-ÅÛ-»¤üzï-¼Û-»¤ü¾ïm-fï-m¤üÅï-¼Û-»¤ü Å-¿ËºÛ-G»P-µÅüq-¼×-ÅÛºô- Û̂-¤Û-»¤ümÛºô- Û̂-¤Û-»¤üqô¼-¤ï-fÛ-»¤üÅ-¤-¼Û-»¤ü»Þ-¼ô-qÛ-»¤üGh-hô-¾Û-mÛ-»¤übØ¼-zÛ-»¤üï̂-qô¼-ÅÛ-»¤üÈô¾-¤Û-»¤üÍï¼-zÛ-»¤üfÞ-¾Û-»¤ü»Û-‡¼-zÛ-»¤ü¾Þ-‡ï-ÁÛ-»¤üÈz-mÛ-»¤übm-b-¾¤ü‡P-ÅÛ-‡mü¼ï-mÛ-»¤üÍô-ÅÛ-¤Û-»¤üÍÛ-¼Û- Û̂-»¤üGÅï¼-h;¼-qôüGÅï¼ühPÞ¾-Vßüfï¾-¾Û-»¤ü


Ÿ-ZïüzÛ-ÅÛ-¤-füqô-¾ô-mÛ-»¤üÍÅï-‡ï-‡ÛmüPz-½ÀâP.üw-¼×m-ÅÛ-»¤ü¼ï- Û̂-»¤üÍïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤üfô-¼Û-»¤üqÞ-¼ô-‡ïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü»Þ-¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü¤±ô-¿ËºÛ-mô¼-zÞüqÞ-¾Þ-‡ô-mÛ-»¤üÍ-¤ï-¼Û-ÅÛ-»¤üEã-¼Û-»¤üz¼-;ï-¾Û-»¤ü;ï-¾Û-wô¼-mÛ-»¤üÍïm-Å-ï‡ñm-mÛ-»¤üw¼-¤Û-»¤ü¤ïm- ï̂-¾ï-¶Û-»¤ümô-zï-¾Û-»¤ü¾×-¼ïm-ÅÛ-»¤ü¼Þ-f¼-wô¼- Û̂-»¤ü^z-mÛ-»¤üÅ×Û-zô¼-WÛ-»¤üzô-¼Û-»¤üÈ-ÅÛ-»¤ü¤×Ûh-mï-¼Û-»¤ü

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

Lead

Bismuth

Polonium

Astatine

Radon

Francium

Radium

Actinium

Thorium

Protactinium

Uranium

Neptunium

Plutonium

Americium

Curium

Berkelium

Californium

Einsteinium

Fermium

Mendelevium

Nobelium

Lawrencium

Rutherfordium

Dubnium

Seaborgium

Bohrium

Hassium

Meitnerium

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

Fr

Ra

Ac

Th

Pa

U

Np

Pu

Am

Cm

Bk

Cf

Es

Fm

Md

No

Lw / Lr

Rf

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Chemistry 140 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü110

111

112

113

114

115

116

Darmstadtium

Roentgenium

Ununbium

Ununtrium

Ununquadium

Ununpentium

Ununhexium

Ds

Rg

Uub

Uut

Uuq

Uup

Uuh

h©-Åï-bïh-ÁÛ-»¤ü¼ôm-Gï-mÛ-»¤üD¤Å-µÅ- 112 qüD¤Å-µÅ- 113 qüD¤Å-µÅ- 114 qüD¤Å-µÅ- 115 qüD¤Å-µÅ- 116 qü


alkali

alloy

aluminium

anhydrous

anion

argon

arsenic

»-z->Ä-¼ü mÅ-±ÛG-f¾-zü

zÆïÅ-¿UGÅü

È-»P.ü

VßÅ-hzïm-qºÛü

¤ô-lÝ¾ü

Í¼-Gômü GZÝG-½ÀâP.ü

z-„Àü

mÅ-ÇSôm-qô-hï-¤ï-¾-zÆïGÅ-mÅ-ŸG-bà-¾ôm-qºÛ-f¾-z-hïºÛ-D¼-VGÅ-qºÛ-z-±Ð-ºi-z-hï-»Ûmü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅ-Å¤-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¤P-z-¤Z¤-zÆïÅ-‚Å-qº¤ü»P-m-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-hP-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-µÅ-GŸm-hP-zÆïÅ-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-µÅ-Å¤-hPôÅ-qôühPÞ¾-HÛ-¤hôG-ºi-¾-»P-zü ¾Å-zTôÅ-GbôP-ÇÀ-zü z®º-hP-G»º-iïG-ºGôG-mÝÅ-¿km-qºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG¤±ôm-dGÅ- Al lÝ¾-IPÅ- 13üµÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-VßºÛ-lÝ¾-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï- Û̧m-qºÛü¤ô-JÀôG-Tm-HÛ-lÝ¾-ym-m¤ü JÀôG-¿km-Çkïz-µÅ- Û̂-‚ÛPÅ-µÅüiÛ-hP-¤hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ü IâP-Á-¤Û-¿km-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü½ÀâP-D¤Å-hP-¤ï-¼ÛºÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-mÅ-‚ãP-zü JÀôG-GÛ-Áï¾-bôG-GÛ-Vïh-º±G-‚ïh-hÝ-z;ô¾-VôG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Ar

lÝ¾-IPÅ- 18ühPÞ¾-¤hôG-¿e¼-h;¼-¾ü VG-ÇÀ-zühÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛºÛ-

Chemistry 142 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü

beeswax

borax

brass

bronze

carbohydrate

carbonmonoxide

zÞP-zºÛ-v-±Û¾ü

±-¾-h;¼-qôü

¼G

¾Ûü

Å-VßºÛ-Ç‰ÛP-qôü

;¼-zôm-º±ô-½ÀâP-AP-¿kmü

Çkïz-µÅ-n¤Å-ºzÞ-hÝG-hP.ü Áï¾üÇ̈mü Zï-zºÛ-Mãh-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-z¼-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- As lÝ¾-IPÅ- 33ü£P-zÞºÛ-±P-GÛ-Mã-V-v-±Û¾ü D-hôG-Åï¼-qôº¤-Çä̈G-mG-ˆP-»ôhü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-Gbï¼-µÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü Vß-¾Å-‚ãP-ŸÛP-¼ÛGÅ-GÅÞ¤-»ôhüzÆïGÅ-±ï-zŸÝ-ŸÛP-Dô¾-¾-¿~ä-z-h;¼-qô-ƒ-zôºÛ-»ôÅ-¿e¼-ºwï¾-z-z¸P.ü zŸÝ-»P-¤Û-ºwï¾-z-ºƒÛP.ü ¤Û-zŸÝ-z-Pmühï-Áï¾-hP.ü ºFâÅ-µÅü Ç̈m-¼ÛGÅ-µÅ-¢ô¼-hÝ-¤ºÛ-Iâz-V-G®ô-zô-»Ûmü¸PÅ-hP-bÛ-±-GZÛÅ-zÆï-¢ô¼-‚Å-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Åï¼-qô-ŸÛGG®ô-zô-¸PÅ-hP-=Ûm-GZÛÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-zÆïÅ-¿UGÅ-ÁÛG;-¼-hP-ºƒâ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-¤P¼-zTßh-ÅôGÅ-fï-zºÛ-Bï-¿km-Çkïz-µÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅüÆôG-VGÅ- Û̂-¾ÞÅ-º±ô-zºÛ-¸Å-zTßh-G®ô-zô-ŸÛGiÛ-hP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.ü hÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-µÅ-½ÀPÅü mG-µÅ-zÆïGÅ-q-V-±P-z¼-ºz¼-¤-fÞz-q-¾Å-‚ãP-z-ŸÛG


z-¼×-²Û¾-»Þ¾-HÛ-b-¾ºÛ-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-v-±Û¾-Æ-zô-ŸÛG hï- Û̄-hP.ü ¤Vß-±ôÅü mG-ÁôG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Mã-V¼-z;ô¾-VôGwô-JÀôG-¿km-qºÛ-lÝ¾-ymüD¤Å-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Å¤-hÝ-¤-V-±h-PïÅ-Tm-hÝ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-µÅüD-¤hôG-h¤¼-¾-Ç̈äG-q-hP.ü ¤Zïm-ŸÛP-lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü G»º-iïG-ºGôG-mÝÅ-¿km-¾üiôh-hP-JÀôG-Mã-ÇÀ-zºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-z¸P-qô-ŸÛG-»Ûmü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Cu lÝ¾-IPÅ- 29ümG-µÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh- Û̂-¿ËP-G Þ̧GÅü uÛ¼-D-hôG-¤ïh-¾-¼P-‚ãP-GÛ-Gbï¼-µÅüÆ-¤FïGÅ- Û̂-±h-¤fô-ÁôÅ-hï-»ÛmüÇo-¼ÛP-¾-¤Zïm-q-hP-ü ºfïm-mÝÅ-Vï-zü ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-ºfïm-AôP-hP-zlÝP-z ô̧-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅüµÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-‚-fzÅ-h ã̂Å-¤Å-D-ƒ¾-GbôP-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-µÅ- Û̂-Iâz-V-VßP-ÁôÅüD-hôG-hP-iÛ-Ph-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-GÛ-

carnauba wax

cation

compound

copper

diamond

ductile

element

ethane

b-¾ôºÛ-v-±Û¾ü

wô-lÝ¾üºhÝÅ-µÅü

¸PÅü

lô-Xï-w-¾¤ü

GZôh-Ço-z¸P-zü

D¤Å-µÅü

ÍÛ-fïmü

Chemistry 144 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qüIâz-V-ŸÛG-Çeïü ºzÞh-µÅ-hP.üºEGÅ-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü»¾-ÇÀ-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅ-Vï-zºÛ-ºƒâ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-zG-±Û-hP-;-¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-wz-¢ô¼-‚Å-q-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-VP.zTßhü hï-ºFâÅ-µÅ-hP.üzŸÝ-DÞü ¥ôÅ-‚ïh- Û̂-zbàP-z-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhülÝ¾-µÅ-D-GÅ-bï-fô¼-±ß¾üiÛ-Ph-µÅ-½ÀâP-ü µÅ-ºhÛ-¼Þ¾-ÅÞPÅ-ºGôG-fzÅ-hP.ü GZm-ºWô¤Åü ¢¼-Çtï¾-hP-±ôÅ-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-Mã¼-zïh-uôh-‚ïhüÁÛP-ºƒÅ-¤P¼-¤ô-hP-£P- Û̄ºÛ-mP-»ôh-qºÛ-¤P¼-VüµÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-n¤Å-ŸÝ¼-zº¤-zŸÝ¼-z-¿e¼-¤Z¤-hÝ-ÇkÝh-qüÁÛP-ºƒÅ-hP-£P- Û̄ü ÆôG-VGÅ-Û̂-FG-zTÅ- Û̂-mP-¼P-zŸÛm-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-¤P¼-Vü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-D¤Å-µÅ-Åï¼-qô-¿YÛh-Vï-¾ü ºHã¼-¤Û-Bïm-qü¤Zïm-HôP-Ç‰ô¤Å-ÁÛP-lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-

ethanol

fission

formaldehyde

fructose

fusion

glucose

gold

ºƒâ-VP.ü hÐPÅ-¼G

GÅ-fô¼ü¤Û-fÛ¾-»P-ºHã¼ü

ÁÛP-ºƒÅ-¤P¼-Vü

zŸÝ¼-Çkïzü

¤P¼-µÅü

GÅï¼ü


z-ŸÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Au lÝ¾-IPÅ-79ü½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-iÛ-hP-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.üºz¼-mÝÅ-Ÿm-q-¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-¼ÛGÅ-GŸm-HÛ-mP-hÝ-º‚ãP-z-ŸÛG hï-Gm¤-Iâ-hP.ü¿KP-zÞü zŸÝ-¤¼ü ºEGÅ-µÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-ÅôGÅ-¾-uôhü¤±ôm-dGÅ- He lÝ¾-IPÅ- 2üº±ô-½ÀâP-GÛ-lÝ¾-ym-¤ïh-qºÛ-Bå¼-µÅü»P-½ÀâP-hP-mG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Dô-m-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-Bï-¿km-ºhÝÅ-µÅü hqï¼-mü zïm-²ïm-hP.ü ¤Û-fïm-¿e-zÞüD-hôG-hP-iÛ-Ph-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿km-¾ü h-z¼-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-¤fº-hG-¾Å-»P-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- H

lÝ¾-IPÅ- 1ü»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-y-lÝ¾-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛ-lÝ¾-ym-ºiïÅ-Ç+zÅ- Û̂-µÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-¤fÞh-D-¤Û-zdm-q-ŸÛG»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-JÀôG-lÝ¾-hzïm-qºÛ-ZÛP-lÝ¾-wôü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- H+

D-hôG-h;¼-ŸÛP-Ço-¼ÛP-¾-¤Zïm-qºÛ-

Èï-¾Û-»¤ü

º±ô-½ÀâP-ƒ¾-zºÛ-Bå¼ü»P-½ÀâP-mG-µÅü

»P-½ÀâP.ü

»P-½ÀâP-¤fÞh-Dü

»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-ZÛP-lÝ¾-wôü

¿UGÅü

helium

hydracid

hydrocarbon

hydrogen

hydrogen bond

hydrogen ion

iron

Chemistry 146 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG lô-zŸÝÅ-q-¾Å-º‚ãP.ŸÛP-z½Àm-hP-±Ð-½ÀâP-yh-m-z®º-VGÅ-ÇÀü Û̄-ÁÛP-hP-ÆôG-VGÅ-¾-¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-z-»Ûmü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-ºWâG-ÇÀü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Fe

lÝ¾-IPÅ- 26üµÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-Vô-G-GTÛG-¾-h‚ÛzÅ-¤Û-GTÛG-qºÛ-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-bïü hïºÛ-mP-Iâz-VºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-hP.ü hï-hG-GÛ-¿YÛh-±h-¤Z¤-»P-Iâz-µÅ- Û̂-VGÅ-Oô¤-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-GÁÛÅ-hP-µÅ-ºHã¼-HÛ-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-»ÛmülÝ¾-IPÅ-GTÛG-G¤-µÅ- Û̂-Eh-VôÅ-¤±ßPÅ-ˆP.ü lÝ¾-ym-HÛ-¿YÛh-±h-¤Û-GTÛG-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ- Û̂-¼ÛGÅü¾ÞG-GÛ-z¾-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ÇoÝ¤-±Û¾ü ©-Ç¨m-hP-¤²ïÅ-¢ô¼-‚ãG-µÅ-¼ÛGÅ-z ô̧-z¼-zïh-uôh-Vïü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¿YÛh-Vï-ŸÛP-¤Zïm-q-hP.ü lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-¾-D-hôG-ÇSô-Bü ºhÛ-JÀôG-µÅ-hP-zÆïÅ-¿UGÅ-Ço-±ôGÅ-hP.ü ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-z ô̧-Mã¼-uôh-ÇKô-¤P.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Pb

lÝ¾-IPÅ- 82ü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¤Zïm-¾-hPÞ¾-

isomer

isotope

lanolin

lead

lithium

µÅ-¤±ßPÅ-ºhÝÅ-µÅü

GmÅ-¤fÞm-D¤Å-µÅü

z¾-HÛ-±Ûü

Ÿ-Zïü

¾Û-fÛ-»¤ü


¤hôG-¿e¼-h;¼-zü »P-ŸÛP.ü JÀôG-µÅ-hP-µÅ-GŸm-z ô̧-zCæm-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Li lÝ¾-IPÅ- 3ü¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¿YÛh-Vï-¾-D-hôG-hPÞ¾-¿e¼-h;¼-zºÛ-GÁï¼-G Þ̧GÅ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG-»Ûmü Ç+zÅ-¼ï-¼P-A-z¼-º‚ãP-z-»ôh-ˆP.ü w¾-Vï-z-¤Þ- Û̧-hP-¤Z¤-ºiïÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Hg lÝ¾-IPÅ- 80üiÛ-hP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿km-¾-¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-GÛ-Iâz-V-¤P-IÅ-ÁÛG-»ÛmüºzÞh-µÅ-ÅÞ-zïh-uôh-q-hP-ü »P-½ÀâP-hP-Bï-¿km-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-¤P-qôºÛ-º‚ãP-DÞPÅ-G®ô-zô-ŸÛG-»ÛmüD-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.ü ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿km-¾-hÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-ÁÛP-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-VP.zTßh-TÛG hï-ºzÞh-µÅ-hP.ü zŸÝ-‚ïhüºEG-ºGôG-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhüÁÛm-bà-h;ôm-¾ü D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-IâP-Á-¤Û-¿km-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛGÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP-GÛ-lÝ¾-ym-hP-ºiïÅ-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-Bå¼üD-hôG-iÛ-¼ô-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ÆôG-º±ô-z-hP.ü

mercury

methane

methanol

neon

oxyacid

oxygen

hPÞ¾-Vßü

m-½ÀâP.ü ¤Û-fïmü

ÁÛP-¼G

GÅ¼-½ÀâP.ü

º±ô-½ÀâP-¿km-qºÛ-Bå¼ü

ÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP.ü º±ô-½ÀâP.ü

Chemistry 148 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü

paraffin wax

petrolatum

propane

silver

lô-ÇoÝ¤-v-±Û¾ü

lô-ÇoÝ¤-wÛG-wÛG

qô¼-qïmü

hPÞ¾ü

¤ï-ºz¼-z¼-¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛ-ZÛh-½ÀâP-D¤Å-mP-¼P-A¼-º‚ãP-¾-hïºÛ-¿S-V-GTÛG- Û̧m-HÛ-»ôhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- O lÝ¾-IPÅ- 8ü¤hôG-h;¼-qôº¤-¤hôG-ƒ¾-zülô-ÇoÝ¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-»P-½ÀâP-hP-mG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-ºiïÅ-q-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-v-±Û¾-ºi-zºÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-¾×-ÁôG ºW¤-ÇoÝ¤ü »P-¾×ü ¾-V-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-zCæm-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚ïhülô-ÇoÝ¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ŸG-µÅ-wÛG-wÛG-ºi-z-Ç+¤-¤Ûm-½Àôm-¤Ûm-HÛ-»P-½ÀâP-hP-mG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-ºiïÅ-q-¾Å-Iâz-q-ŸÛG ºhÛ-‚ãG-Ç̈m-hP-;ô-z-ÇoÝ¤-ŸG-ºhôm-q-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhülô-ÇoÝ¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-¿YÛh-Vï-zºÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ-hP-ü ºzÞh-µÅüºEGÅ-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhüD-hôG-h;¼-¾ü È-TP-GZôh-Ço-z¸P-zü lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-zü iôh-hP-JÀôG-GÛ-Mã-¾¤-z¸P-ÁôÅ-»Ûm-qºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG¤±ôm-dGÅ- Ag lÝ¾-IPÅ-47ü


soluble

solute

solution

solvent

spermaceti

sulphur

sulphur dioxide

zŸÝ¼¼ÞP.ü zŸÝ-zºÛü

zŸÝ¼-µÅüŸÝmü

zŸÝ-‚ïhü

Z-Vïm-v-±Û¾ü

¤Þ-¸Ûü

¤Þ-¸Û-º±ô-½ÀâP-¸ÞP-¿kmü

zŸÝ-‚ïh- Û̂-GÁï¼-µÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-mP-zŸÝ¼-¼ÞP-züzŸÝ-‚ïh- Û̂-GÁï¼-µÅ-mP-zŸÝ¼-zºÛ-µÅüµÅ-GTÛG-G¤ü »P-m-hÝ-¤-µÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-zŸÝ¼-mÅ-µÅ-hïºÛ-lÝ¾-Åô-Åô¼-ŸÛG-fô¼-hÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ü¼P-GÛ-mP-hÝ-µÅ-GŸm-zŸÝ-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôüv-±Û¾-Tm-HÛ-Z-Vïm-¶ï¾-hP.ü Z->Àâ-¤ô-n-¼ÛP-GÛ-¤Gô-zôºÛ-ÇoÝ¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-µÅ-h;¼-qô-v-±Û¾-ºi-z-ŸÛG ºhÛ-‚ãG-µÅ-hP.ü ©-Ç̈mü »P-¾×-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-zCæm-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚ïhüÅ-ºôG-mÅ-fôm-qºÛ-Gbï¼-µÅü D-hôG-Åï¼-B-Tm-HÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-¾-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-Åï¼-¿YP-mG-zŸÛ-»ôhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- S

lÝ¾-IPÅ- 16ü¿UÛ-ŸÛP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-zü hzÞGÅ-ÅÞz-qºÛ-½ÀâP.ü GÁï¼-hÝ-ºHã¼-ÇÀ-zü h;¼-¤hPÅ-ºhôm-q-hP.ü hÝG-Åï¾ü ¼Þ¾-ÅÞPÅ-ºGôG-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü

Chemistry 150 µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qüsulphuric acid

sulphurous acid

xenon

¤Þ-¸ÛºÛ-Bå¼ü

¤Þ-¸ÛºÛ-Bå¼-±Ðü

²ïm-½ÀâP.ü

ÇoÝ¤-ŸG-º±ï¼-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-G»º-µÅ- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-Vï-zºÛ-GÁï¼-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛ-±ôÅ-hP.ü ±ôm- Û̄ü ¾Þhü ºz¼-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-z ô̧-Mã¼-zïh-uôh-Vïü¤Þ- Û̧-hP-»P-½ÀâP-GZÛÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-Bå¼-µÅ-ÁÛG¿UÛ-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-zü µÅ-GŸm-hP-zÇkïzÅ-m-n¤-q-¤Û-ºHã¼-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G Þ̧GÅ- Û̂-D¤Å-µÅü D-½ÀâP-mP-ZÝP-ÁÅ-¾Å-¤ïh-q-ŸÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Xe

lÝ¾-IPÅ- 54ü

Botany 151 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü


¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-VhüBOTANICAL TERMS

zôh-GŸÝP-Ç¨m-¯ÛÅ-DP.üMEN-TSE-KHANG / TMAI


1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü1 ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü 2 ¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü 3 Ç‰ÛP-h‚ÛzÅü 4 ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü 5 ÇKôP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü6 ¤D¾-G¸ÞGÅü 7 Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 8 ¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü 9 ¤hº-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü10 wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü 11 ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅü 12 ¤hÝP-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 13 ¯ï-Ç‰àP.ü 14 ¯ï-lÝ¤ü15 Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü 16 ¯ï-¤ô-Ç‰àP-¼ÛP.ü 17 ¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZG 18 ¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü 19 ¯ï-nômü20 G®ßG-nôm-y-¤ôü 21 ¯ï-ZG 22 Ç‰ ÛP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿k ôG-¤ü 23 ¹â¤-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü24 ¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü 25 ¤hÝP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 26 ºWôP-m¼ü 27 Oô-h‚ÛzÅü 28 Dz-h‚ÛzÅü

Botany 153 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüacicular

acuminate

acute

algae

angiosperms

annual

apiculate

aristate

ascendent

biennial

Dz-h‚ÛzÅü

¯ï-Ç‰àP.ü

¯ï-nômü

Vß-z¾ü Z-¿UÛzÅü

Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tmü

¾ô-ºDô¼- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü ¾ô-ºDô¼-º±ô-ÁÛP.ü

¯ï-¤ô-Ç‰àP-¤Zïmü

¯ï-¤ô-Ç‰àP-¼ÛP.ü

ºiôP-Bïü¾ô-GZÛÅ-º±ô-ÁÛP.ü

Dz-¿e¼-y-¾-nô-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅühqï¼-mü fP-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤-hP-Ç+¤-BïÅ-¯Û-ÁÛP-¿e-zÞü¿eô-z-TßP-¸h-ºzÞ¼-¾ü ï̄-¤ôºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-Wï-y¼-ºIô-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¿eô-z-TßP-¸h-;ôP-zºÛ- ï̄-¤ô-nô-¾-fÞP-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¯-z-hP.ü ÇkôP-qôü ¾ô-¤-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-Mã-¤ïh-TÛP-Vß-mP-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅü¤ï-bôG-hP.ü Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-Å-zôm-¿km-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP-üBï-ºwï¾-hÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GTÛG-mP-¤ï-bôG-hP-ºƒÅ-zÞ-VGÅ-mÅ-Ç+¤-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅüï̄-¤ô-y-ŸÛP-nô-¾-fÞP-ŸÛP-¤Zïm-qºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüï̄-¤ô-wG- ï̧-ºi-¾-¼ÛP-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüHïm-hÝ-ºiôP-qô¼-Bï-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ühÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GZÛÅ-mP-¤ï-bôG-hP.üºƒÅ-zÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-Ç+¤-qºÛ- Û̄-


biosphere

branch

bryophyte

bud

caudate

chloroplast

circinate

cirrhous

Bï-¿km-º±ô-GmÅü

»¾-G

IôG-ÁÛP-GÛ-¼ÛGÅü

fïºÞü

¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü¿YP-µÅ-y-wÞP.ü

¤Å-ºEÛ¾ü

ŸGÅ-ºEÛ¾ü

ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅüÆôG-VGÅ-hP- Û̄-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-HÛ-V-Aïm-º²ô¤Å-qºÛ-ºDô¼-MüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-ÇkôP-qô-¾Å-HïÅ-qºÛ-»m-¾G¼ï-¼¾-hP-ÇSô-iïGÅ-¿e-zÞ-Vß-ºiïm-Ç~ä-GÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-ü¤ï-bôG-hP-¾ô-¤ü »¾-G ÇkôP-qô-¿e-zÞ-GP-¾Å-fôm-qºÛ-¤-ÇÛ̈m-qºÛ-¤Vï-z-ºhz-Ç+ôGÅ- Û̂-mP-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-V-ÁÅüQ-¤-ºi-zºÛ-V-ÁÅ-Tmü¼P-º±ôºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¿YP-DÞ-¼ÛGÅ-ZÛ-ºôh-¾-zÇem-q-n¤Å-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-BÛ-fÞ¤-HÛ-¤-¾G ºôh- Û̂-¢ô¼-Çkïz-¾-¤Dô-Vï-zºÛ-±ôm-µÅ-¿YP-DÞ-Tm-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-y-wÞP.ü¿kÝ¤-qô-¼ï-¼¾-HÛ-¾ô-¤-¿e-zÞ-¯ï-¤ô-mÅ-fÞ¼-hÝ-ºEÛ¾-zºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-y-¾-£æ¾-ŸGÅ-¿e¼-ºEÛ¾-zü

Botany 155 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüclimber

cordate

cotyledon

creeper

decumbent

deltoid

dicotyledon

elliptic

emarginate

environment

ºFÛ-ÁÛP.ü

Ç‰ÛP-h‚ÛzÅü

Åôm-ºhzü

Å-º²Ûm-ÇkôP-qôü

Å¼-Z¾-ÇkôP-zÞü

ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅüÅôm-ºhz-GZÛÅ-¿kmü

ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü

¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZGDô¼-»ÞG

GŸm-¾-ºFÛ¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-ÇKô¼-¾-¯ï-¤ô-nô-z-Ç‰ÛP-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-züÅôm-Ç+ôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅ- Û̂-Å-zôm-HÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-ºhz-¤üÅ¼-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üÇkôP-qô-Å¼-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-ˆP- ï̄-¤ô-Hïm-¾P-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üÞ̧¼-GÅÞ¤-ºi-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü¤ï-bôG-hP.ü Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-Å-zôm-¿km-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-mP-GÅïÅ-Åôm-ºhz-GZÛÅ-¿km-HÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-Çkï-±mü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-hP.ü ï̄-¤ô-GZÛÅ-y-¾-h Û̂¾-Ç~ô¤-q-ÇKô-P-ºi-zºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüï̄-¤ô¼-ZG-TßP-¸h-Tm-HÛ-¾ô-¤üGP-¸G-G¤-Bï-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-»Þ¾-HÛ-xÛºÛ-V-Aïm-HÛ-M-Eôm-»ôPÅ-µôGÅü

Botany 156 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü¾m-¤P-Bï-zºÛü

½ÀâP-ÁÛP.ü

Mãm-¿YP.ü

¤ï-bôG

¼ï-¼¾-¾ô-¤ü

È¤-Çtäü

wP-h‚ÛzÅü

Ó̄ü

º±ô-GmÅ-Mãm-ºDô¼-fÞP-zÅ-m¤-¹-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-Bï-fïPÅ-¤P-qô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¼ÛGÅüÅ-ºôG-bà-¯-z-¤ïh-q¼- Û̄-ÁÛP-GŸm-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Å-ÇeïP-hÝ-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-Pô-ÉÛ¾-qô¼-¾ô-¤-¤-Ç+¤-q¼-¼P-Åô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ-hP-Å-zôm-VGÅ-‚ïh- Û̂-hzP-qô-¿e-zÞ-»Ûm-ŸÛP-h‚ÛzÅ-hP-D-hôG-¤Û-ºi-z-Ço-±ôGÅ-»ôhü¼ï-¼¾-¾ô-¤-hP-b-¾ºÛ-¾ô-¤º¤-hï-hG-hP-ºi-zºÛ-V-ÁÅüG®ô-zô-iôh-GÁï¼-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Bï-¿km-GŸm-HÛ-ÇeïP-VGÅ-qºÛ-ÇSô-È¤-¿YP-DÞüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¯-z-¤Gô-¤WâG-y-¾-h Û̂¾-Ç~ô¤-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüG®ô-zô-ÇKô-xãGÅ-d-mô¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-¸Å-ÅÞ-¼ÞP-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-‚ï-ƒG-¾ô-¤-hP.ü GŸÝP-d-y-¾-¤Zïm-qºÛ-¼Û-BïÅ-ÇSô-¼ÛGÅü

ephemeral

epiphyte

evergreen

flower

frond

fungi / fungus

fusiform root

grass

Botany 157 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüBï-¿km-HÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-Wï-Vï¼-ºIô-ÇePÅüÁÝm-Ç+ôGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-Å-zôm-Tm-HÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP-üz-±ÐºÛ-ºhÝÅ-±h-¤fô-zºÛ-Å-V¼-ºiÛÅ-hzP-GÛÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅüh‚ÛzÅ-¤hÝP- ï̄-ºi-ŸÛP-¾ô-¤ºÛ-Ç¨h-TßP-y-¾-ºyïh-fh-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ-¾ô-¤üVßºÛ-mP-hP-ºh¤-ÅôGÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-Vï-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üï̄-¤ô-y-¾-¿eô-zºÛ-ŸïP-TßP-¸h-Vï-zü ¯-zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝ¼-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-Ço-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-Çeïü w¾-Vï-z-»¾-G-hP-ZÛP-¾G-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-Bï-¾-hïºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-G®ô-zô- Û̄-ÁÛP-¾-¤Dô-zºÛ-ºôh- Û̂-Çkïz-¢ô¼-hP-½Àm-GÁï¼-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-‚-Mã-zTÅ-»ÛmüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-@P-¯-»ôh-ÅºÛ-GmÅ-bïü hï-¾-z ô̧-h‚ÛzÅ-Ço-±ôGÅ-»ôhüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-z ô̧-¿e-PïÅ-Tm-¤hº-hP.ü ¤hÝP.ü Ç‰ÛP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-h‚ÛzÅ-

growth

gymnosperms

halophyte

hastate

hydrophyte

lanceolate

leaf

leaf base

leaf shape

º±¼-¾ôPÅü Bï-ºwï¾ü

Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü

±Ð-fÞz-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü

¤hÝP- ï̄ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü

½Àm-Bï- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü

¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü

¾ô-¤ü

¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼ü

¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü

Botany 158 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüTm-¿e-zÞüÇkôP-G Þ̧GÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-ºFÛ-ÁÛP-GÛ-‚ï-ƒG ÁÛP-ÇkôP-GŸm-¾-ºEãh-mÅ-Å-ÇeïP-mÅ-ÁÛP-ÇkôP-GÛ- ï̄-¤ô-z¼-ºIô-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅüÓ̄ºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zºÛ-¤-¾Gh ã̂Å-¼ÛP-¾-D-ŸïP-VßP-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ- ï̄-¤ô-TßP-Vï-ŸÛP-Ç¨h-y-z-¾Û-»¼-¼ô¾-V-ºi-z-ŸÛGÅ-zTßh-±-IP-¿e-zÞ-Dô¼-»ÞG-¤Û-Ç‰ô¤Å-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-Gô¤Å-ºiÛÅ-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼-mÅ- ï̄-¤ôºÛ-z¼-MãG-qºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅ-hzÞÅ-¤ü½Àm-GÁï¼-TßP-¸h-Tmü1ü ¼Þ¾-ÅÞPÅ-ÅÞ-Hã¼-qºÛ-È¤-Çtä-

hP-G»º-Çtä-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zü2ü Çtä-ZG-y-¤ô-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-lÝ¾-

f¾-VGÅ-q-¿e¼-¤Pôm-qºÛ-È¤-ÇtäºÛ-¼ÛGÅü

liana(liane)

ligulate

linear

lyrate

mesophyte

midrib

moist

mould

ºFÛ¾-ÁÛP.ü

¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü

Oô-h‚ÛzÅü¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü

Ç‰ô¤Å-GmÅ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü

¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-Vïmü

zŸº-±m-Tmü1ü È¤-Çtäü2ü ÇSô-z¤ü

Botany 159 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-ºzÞ¼-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-nô-qôüJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-nô-¾-fÞP-zºÛ-Dz-¿e-zÞºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ïüJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-nô-¾- ï̄-¤ô-y-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅüÇ‰ÛP-h‚ÛzÅ-Gô-¿kôG-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü¾ô-¤ºÛ- ï̄-¤ô-TßP-y-¾-h Û̂¾-ŸïP-Vï-zü¯-zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¼Û¤-zŸÛm-Wï-y¼-ºIô-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅüD-ŸïP-¾Å-h ã̂Å-TßP-¼ÛP-z-Iâ-zŸÛ-m¼-¤ôºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zü¾ô-¤ºÛ- ï̄-¤ô-ŸïP-Vï-ŸÛP-¯-zºÛ-xôGÅ-y-zü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-lÝ¤-lÝ¤-¤¤-ÇKô¼-ÇKô¼-TmüiÛ-¤-Pm-qü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¹â¤-qôº¤-ÇKô¼-zühqï¼-mü qj̈ºÛ-¾ô-¤-¿e-zÞü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÇKô-P-ºi-ŸÛP-h Û̂¾-hP-Ç¨h-xôGÅ-ŸïP-D-Vï-zü¾ô-¤-ÇKô¼-¾-Vï-ŸÛP-¾G-¤GôºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-

mucro

mucronate

mucronulate

obcordate

oblanceolate

oblong

obovate

obtuse

odour

orbicular(orbiculate)

ovate

palmate

G®ßG-nômüG®ßG-nôm-Tmü

G®ßG-nôm-y-¤ôüÇ‰ÛP-G Þ̧GÅ-¿kôG-¤ü¤hÝP-G Þ̧GÅ-¿kôG-¤ü

ºWôP-m¼ü

ÇKôP-G Þ̧GÅ-¿kôG-¤ü

¯ï-lÝ¤üiÛ-Pmü¹â¤-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü

ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü

Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü

Botany 160 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüºi-zü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-mÅ- ï̄-¤ôºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¤Z¤-GÁÛz-bà-MãG-qºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅüº±ô-GmÅ-GŸm-zdïm-HÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-uÛºÛ-¼ÛGÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÇKô¼-ŸÛP-GhÝGÅ-ºi-zü P¼-z-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h Û̂¾-hÝ-VGÅ-qü¾ô-¤P-Bï-ºwï¾-hP-º±ô-GmÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼-P¼-z-hP-£ï¾-zºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-Ç¨h-V-GP-¾-º‚¼-ÅºÛ-@P-¯ü;-¼-hP-zTßh-µÅ-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-Çtô-zºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Tm-HÛ-wÞP-IâzüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¿YP-MãÅ-ºôh- Û̂-mÝÅ-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Vß-hP-mG-µÅ-½ÀâP-zTÅ-¾Å-º±ô-zTßh-zÇkÝ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-µÅ-ºHã¼ü

parallelodromous(parallel venation)

parasite

peltate

perennial

petiolate

petiole

phloem

photosynthesis

fh-GÁÛz-¯-¼ÛÅü

GŸm-zdïm- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü

wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü

¾ô-¤P-º±ô-ÁÛP.ü

ŸzÅ-¼-P¼-£ï¾ü

P¼-zü

Bï¾-ºiïm-wÞP-Iâzü

ºôh- Û̂-¢ô¼-Çkïzü

Botany 161 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüprocumbent

reniform

repent

reticulodromous(reticulate venation)

retuse

rhododendron

rhombate orrhomboidal

root

sagittate

Å¼-Z¾ü

¤D¾-G Þ̧GÅüGŸÝP-d-Å¼-Z¾ü

i-z-¯-¼ÛÅü

ï̄-ZGÇeG-¤ü

Iâ-zŸÛ-D-ºEôG-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü

¯-zü

¤hº- ï̄ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü

ÇkôP-qô-hPôÅ-GÅ¾-¤ïh-q¼-»¾-G-Å¼-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¤D¾-¤-ºi-züGŸÝP-d-Å-¾-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅ-i-z-¿e¼-£ï¾-zü

ï̄-¤ô-dà¾-¾-ZG-D-TßP-¸h-TmüMãm-hÝ-ÇSô-zºÛ-ÁÛP-ym-ŸÛG-»Ûmü ÁÛP-ÁÝm-mG-B-ºyïh-¾-GÅ-»ôhü ¿UãG-¤-¿YP-B-GZï¼-¤-Tmü ¾ô-¤-¿YP-ŸÛP-¤fÞG ¤ï-bôG-h¤¼-B-Åï-ºƒâ-¿YP-DÞ-»ÛmüÞ̧¼-DÞG-ºiôP-qô-Tm-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¤Z¤-zMãGÅ-¤fº-zŸÛ-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-züÓ̄-hP-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-Å-ºôG-bà-»ôh-qºÛ-V-ÁÅ-bïü Û̄-ÁÛP-hï-¤Û-ºHï¾-z¼-Å-ÇeïP-hÝ-zdm-qô¼-GmÅ-q-hP.ü Å-ºôG-mÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-hP-Bï-¤ïh-±Ðº¤-zTßh-µÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ºiïm-qºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Tm-môüï̄-¤ô-¤hº- ï̄-hP-ºi-ŸÛP-Ç¨h-V-¤hº-


saprophyte

scandent

seed

shoot

soboliferous

spatulate(spathulate)

spermatophyte

ÁôG-ºi-zºÛ-¾ô-¤üxÛºÛ-ºWâ-‚ïh-¤-¾G-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Bï-¿km-HÛ-¼Þ¾- Û̄ºÛ-mP-º±ô-zº¤-GmÅ-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅüºFÛ-fG-¤ïh-ˆP- Û̄-ÁÛP-GŸm-¾-ºFÛ¾-bï-Bï-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.üÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¥ã-GÝº¤-G Þ̧GÅ-GÅ¼-q-GP-mÅ-ºzÞÅ-qºÛ-ÅômüÅ-zôm-hP- Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ôGÅ-mÅ-¥ã-GÝ-hP-ü ¾ô-¤ü »¾-G-ÅôGÅ-GÅ¼-hÝ-ºzÞÅ-qºÛ-VüÅ-ºôG-mÅ-¤Vï-z-»¼-ºzÞÅ-bï-ÇkôP-qô-ÇeàG-qô-º²ÛP-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü¾ô-¤ºÛ- ï̄-¤ô-ŸïP-Vï-ŸÛP-ŸzÅ-¼-y-¾-¼ÛP-züºiïm-Ç~äG-hP.Å-zôm-¿km-qºÛ-Çkï-±m-HÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-Çeïü hï-¾-mP-GÅïÅ-h‚ï-mü1ü Å-zôm-ÁÝm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tm-hPü2ü Å-zôm-ÁÝm-Ç+ôGÅ-¤ïh-q-GZÛÅ-

»ôhü

z¤-º±ô- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü

fh-ºEãhü

Å-zômü Åômü

¤Vï-zü ÅïºÞü

Å-ºôG-¤Vï-ºzÞÅü

Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü

Åôm-¿km- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü

Botany 163 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qüsprout

stem

stipule

stoloniferous

suffrutescent

sweet smell

thorn

transplant

truncate

¥ã-GÝ-ºzÞÅ-qüÇkôP-qôü GŸÝP-dü

¾ô-yâG

Åôm-ºHã¼-¤Vï-zü

¿kÝ¤-zÞü

iÛ-z¸P.ü±ï¼-¤ü

¯-ÇtôÅ-MG-qü

ºƒïG-lÝ¤ü

Å-zôm-mÅ-¥ã-GÝ-GÅ¼-hÝ-fôm-qüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-@P-»Þ-G®ô-zô-Çeïü GP-¾Å-»¾-G-hP.¾ô-¤ü ¤ï-bôG-ÅôGÅ-zdïm-qºÛ-GŸÛºôü¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-hP.GŸÝP-d-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-ÅÞ-Bï-zºÛ-Ç+ôGÅ-ÁÝm-m¤-±ï¼-¤-¿e-zÞºÛ-V-ÁÅüÛ̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-¤Vï-z-¼Û¤-zŸÛm-Å-ºôG-bà-º²â¾-bï-¯-z- Þ̧G-mÅ-ÇÀ¼- Û̄-ÁÛP-¼P-A-z-ŸÛG-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅüGŸÝP-ÁÛP-TßP-¸h-Æ-¾-¤FïGÅ-ÁÛP-hGÝm-¤Û-Ç+¤-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-üÛ̄-ÁÛP-hP-¤ï-bôG-ÅôGÅ- Û̂-iÛ-¤-ŸÛ¤-qôüB-±ï¼ü h¤¼-±ï¼ü ÇSô-±ï¼-ÅôGÅ- Û̄-ÁÛP-fôG-mÅ-BïÅ-qºÛ-Dz-¿e-zÞºÛ-hPôÅ-qôüº±¼-Bïh-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-ÇSôºÛ-¯-z-hP-zTÅ-q-z;ôG-Çeï-Å-GmÅ-GŸm-hÝ-º²âGÅ-qü¾ô-¤-ÅôGÅ- Û̂- ï̄-¤ô-hP-ŸzÅ-¼-ºƒïG-q-¿e¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅü

Botany 164 ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qütuber

vegetable

venation

xerophyte

¯-z-lôG-qôü

ÇSô-±¾ü ÇSô-±ôhü

¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅü

Ç+¤-BïÅ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü

¯-zº¤-ÇkôP-qô-¾-wÞG-¿e-zÞ-Å-ºôG-bà-MÅ-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅü

¤ÛºÛ-¸Å-ÅÞ-uôh-¼ÞP-zºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP-P¤-Û̄-ÁÛP-GÛ-V-ÁÅü¾ô-¤ºÛ-mP-¾ÞÅ- Û̂-¯-ym-¿e¼-Ez-qºÛ-Ç~äG-ym-HÛ-z;ôh-qüÈ-TP-Ç+¤-Å¼-Bï-ºwï¾-fÞz-qºÛ- Û̄-ÁÛP.ü

165

¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôüPRINCIPLES FOR EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY APPROVED

BY THE COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC ANDTECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY

MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT(Department of Education)

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

1. ‘International terms’ should be adopted in their current English forms, as far aspossible, and transliterated in Hindi and other Indian Languages according totheir genius. The following should be taken as examples of international terms:

(a) Names of elements and compounds, e.g. Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide etc.;(b) Units of weights, measures and physical quantities e.g. dyne, calorie, ampere

etc., (c) Terms based on proper names e.g. marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille),

boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Guillotin), gerrymander (Mr.Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.;

(d)Binomial nomenclature in such sciences as Botany, Zoology, Geology, etc.; (e) Constants, e.g.; π, g, etc.; (f) Words like Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton, Neutron, etc., which

have gained practically world-wide usage;(g) Numerals, symbols, signs and formulae used in mathematics and other

sciences e.g., sin, cos, tan, log etc. (Letters used in mathematical operations should be in Roman or Greek alphabets).

2. The symbols will remain in international form written in Roman script, butabbreviations may be written in Nagari and standardised form, specially forcommon weights and measures, e.g. the symbol ‘cm’ for centimeter will beused as such in Hindi, but the abbreviation in Nagari may be ls-eh- This willapply to books for children and other popular works only, but in standardworks of science and technology, the international symbols only, like cm.,should be used.

3. Letters of Indian scripts may be used in geometrical figures e.g., d] [k] x or v]c] l but only letters of Roman and Greek alphabets should be used intrignometrical relations e.g., sin A, cos B etc.

4. Conceptual terms should generally be translated.5. In the selection of Hindi equivalents simplicity, precision of meaning and easy

intelligibility should be born in mind. Obscurantism and purism may be avoided.

166

6. The aim should be to achieve maximum possible identity in all Indian languages by selecting terms:

(a) Common to as many of the regional languages as possible, and(b) based on Sanskrit roots.

7. Indigenous terms, which have come into vogue in our languages for certaintechnical words of common use, as rkj for telegraph/telegram, egk}hi forcontinent, Mkd for post etc., should be retained.

8. Such loan words from English, Portuguese, French etc., as have gained widecurrency in Indian languages should be retained e.g., ticket, signal, pension,police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe etc.

9. Transliteration of International terms into Devanagari Script: The transliteration of English terms should not be made so complex as to necessitatethe introduction of new signs and symbols in the present Devanagari characters. The Devanagari rendering of English terms should aim at maximum approximation to the standard English pronunciation with such modifications asprevalent amongst the educated circle in India.

10. Gender: The International terms adopted in Hindi should be used in themasculine gender, unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary.

11. Hybrid formation: Hybrid forms in technical terminologies e.g., xjafVr for‘guaranteed’ Dykfldh for ‘classical’, dksM+dkj for ‘codifier’, etc., are normaland natural linguistic phenomena and such forms may be adopted in practicekeeping in view the requirements for technical terminology, viz., simplicity,utility and precision.

12. Sandhi and Samasa in technical terms: Complex forms of Sandhi maybe avoided and in cases of compound words, hyphen may be placed in between the two terms, because this would enable the users to have an easierand quicker grasp of the word structure of new terms. As regards vkfnOk̀ f} inSanskrit-based words, it would be desirable to use vkfnOk̀ f} in prevalent Sanskrit tatsama words e.g., O;kOkgkfjd] yk{kf.kd etc. but may be avoided in newlycoined words.

13. Halanta: Newly adopted terms should be correctly rendered with the useof ‘hal’ wherever necessary.

14. Use of Pancham Varna: The use of vuqLOkkj may be preferred in place ofiape Ok.kZ] but in words like ‘lens’, ‘patent’ etc., the transliteration should beysUl] isVsUV and not ysal] isVsaV] or isVs.V.

167

M-G¼-hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-̂ Û-zl-Vh-uÛ-Ez-DP-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-f-Ç‰h-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-̂ Û-̄ -º²Ûm-DG (zôh-zNå¼-¼GÅ-zÇkÝÅ)

1ü M¾-uÛºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG-GP-ºôÅ-q-n¤Å-»ôPÅ-Ez-h‚Ûm-±ÛG-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mã-hP-ÈÛm-hÛº¤-»P-mü M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-»ÛG-GŸm-Åô-ÅôºÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅ-¿e¼-HÛ-O-Nå¼-GÁ¤-GÅ¾-¿e¼-‚-Mãü; D¤Å-µÅ-hP-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-̂ Û-¤ÛP.ü hqï¼-mü Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide ¿e-zÞ-hP.ü

D ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG dyne, calorie, ampere (km, kg) ÅôGÅüG GP-̧ G-hP-»Þ¾-¾ÞP-ÅôGÅ-̂ Û-hPôÅ-¤ÛP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG marxism, braille,

boycott, guillotine, gerry-mander, ampere, fahrenheit scale.

P ¤ÛP-̧ Þ¼-GZÛÅ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-f-Ç‰hü Botany, Zoology, Geology.

T ºHã¼-¤ïh-¤±ôm-dGÅü π, g, ¿e-zÞüV º²¤-JÀÛP-uÛ-»ôPÅ-¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-±ÛG Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton,

Neutron.

W Û̄Å-hP-±m-¼ÛG-DG-GÛ-IPÅ-hP.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅü dGÅü Vô-G-ÅôGÅ-hqï¼-müsin, cos, tan, log ÅôGÅ-hP-(hï-¤±ßPÅ-̄ ÛÅ-¼ÛG-bà-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-n¤Å- Roman

hP- Greek GP-¼ÞP-»Ûm-hGôÅ)2ü ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü cm ¿e-zÞ-h‚Ûm-»ÛG-bà-ºƒÛ-hGôÅ-̂ P.ü zÇkÝÅ-

»ÛG-n¤Å-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-̂ ÛÅ-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼- ls-eh- ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG ºôm-̂ P-ºhÛ-hG-‚ÛÅ-q-hP-¤P-±ôGÅ-̂ Û-z;ô¾-uôh-Vïh-®¤-¾Å-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¼ÛG-ÅôGÅ-̂ Û-±h-¿km-ºƒÛ-ô̄¤-mP-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅ-bïü cm Dô-m-ºƒÛ-hGôÅü

168

3ü fÛG-̄ ÛÅ-̂ Û-z;ôh-q¼-M-G¼-HÛ-»ÛG-¼ÛGÅ-mÅ- d] [k] x º¤- v] c] l ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG-TÛP.ü ̧ Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-̄ ÛÅ-¼ÛG-bà-hqï¼-mü sin A, cos B ¿e-zÞ-¼ô-¤m-»Û-Gï-Dô-m-ºƒÛ-uôh-‚ïh-hGôÅü

4ü ºV¼-ÇoP-GÛ-f-Ç‰h-n¤Å-uÛ¼-zbP-hôm-Nå¼-‚ïh-hGôÅü5ü ÈÛm-hÛ-Ç+h-hôh-Gh¤-Åï¾-Ç+zÅ-ÇezÅ-zhï-zü hôm-¤Û-ºFâ¾-zü Gô-dôGÅ-ÇÀ-z-zTÅ-¾-

hô-ÇoP-hGôÅ-¾ü ½‰ÛP-Ÿïm-¤FïGÅ-z Þ̧P-GÛ-ºhÝ-ÁïÅ-ÇtôP-hGôÅü6ü M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-DG-GÛ-f-Ç‰h-GTÛG-¤fÞm-»ôP-z¼-h¤ÛGÅ-bïü

; M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-GP-¤P-mP-xôGÅ-¤fÞm-hÝ-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-q-hP.üD ¾ïGÅ-¢¼-HÛ-‚ÛPÅ-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-GP-fÞz-‚ïh-hGôÅü

7ü uÛ¼-zbP-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-¼P-Ç+h-̂ Û-zl-Vh-hqï¼-mü telegraph/gram ¾- rkj hP-continent ¾- egk}hi post ¾- Mkd ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü

8ü h‚Ûm-WÛ-hP.ü qô¼-Tß-GÛ wÛ-¼ïm-TÛ-ÅôGÅ-Ç+h-»ÛG-GŸm-mÅ-G»¼-zº¤-O-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±ÛG-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-z-hqï¼-mü ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, res

taurant, deluxe ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü9ü M¾-uÛºÛ-zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-hïz-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼-O-zNå¼-‚ïh-Ç+zÅü ±h-¿km-

HÛ-O-GP-Zï-hP-M-G¼-HÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-HÛ-¤Û-w¾-¤ô-Vï¼-IGÅ-Vï-z-hP-zÇeàm-bï-ÇezÅ-GP-zhï-‚ïh-q-¾Åü O-dGÅ-GÅ¼-z-¤P-qô-Çoôm-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-‚-Mãü

10ü hGôÅ-G¾-h¤ÛGÅ-zÅ¾-Tm-¤-GbôGÅ-M¾-uÛºÛ-zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-wô-±ÛG-Dô-m¼-ºƒÛ-Mãü

11ü xïh-xïh-ºƒï¾-HÛ-f-Ç‰h-hqï¼-mü xjafVr = guaranteed, Dykfldh = classical,

dksM+dkj = codifier ÅôGÅ-Ç+h-̂ Û-¼P-ºIôÅ-hP-¤fÞm-q-»Ûm-qÅü ÇezÅ-zhï-z-hP.ü

169

zïh-uôh-Vï-zü »ÛG-±ôGÅ-VßP-z-zTÅ-¾-̄ -º²Ûm-HÛÅ-zl-Vh-̂ Û-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼-ºWôG-Mãü

12ü zl-Vh-GÅ¼-z ô̧ºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hGôÅ-¤ïh-¤Gô-½‰ôG-Vï-zºÛ-±ÛG-zÇkÝh-hP-zÇkÝÅ-±ÛG-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-hGôÅ-q¼ü ¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkïz-MãºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÇS-xÛºÛ-hz¼-£ï¾-dGÅ- (-) z;ôh-m-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-ÇÀ-z¼-wm-PïÅü

13ü ¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±ÛG-GÅ¼-q-n¤Å-¾-O-z®m-qºÛ-xÛ¼-ÆôG-¤ïh-̂ Û-dGÅ-GP-¾-TÛ-ºôÅ-MG-hGôÅü

14ü XïÅ-ÅÞ-P-¼ô-zïh-uôP-‚-Mã-Gh¤-D-z¸P-»P- Lens hP- Patent ÅôGÅ-ºƒÛ-Ç+zÅ-ysal] isVsaV] isVs.V ¤Ûm-q¼- ysUl] isVsUV ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-hGôÅüü

170

¸Þ¼-¢¼-GZÛÅ-qü

GUIDELINES FOR CREATING TECHNICAL TERMS

1. A term should have only one technical meaning, preferably - precision ofmeaning.

2. A concept should have only one term to refer to it.3. Related concepts should have related/similar terms4. Similar concepts should have similar terms5. A term should preferably have similar forms in related (major) languages -

especially Indian languages6. A term should be flexible to develop further terms out of it7. Terms have greater derivational potentialities should be preferred8. Terms should be simple and enphonious - easy to understand and use.9. A term should be transparent (self explanatory) to the extent possible10. There should be consistency in terms of a given branch of knowledge11. A term should be short ( precise) and incorporate the salient features of

meaning - long compounds should be avoided12. Colloquial and regional language sources may be explored and given due

weight for coining terms13. Classical sources may be exploited for coining terms14. Existing words of the language must be tested15. Before being finally accepted, a term should be tested with the issues16. International terms may be borrowed with necessary modifications to suit

the phonalogical and morphological structure of the language.

Documents

Glossary Standardished Terms