Global Work Force Diversity_CM 1 and 2

8/11/2019 Global Work Force Diversity_CM 1 and 2

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Global work force

diversity-1-1 uses more recent data and -2 uses less recent data(Labour Forces)


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Learning Objectives

Identify forces beyond management

control that affect the quantity and quality

of labor Explain the reasons that cause people to

leave their home countries to work abroad

Discuss why some countries have guestworkers


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Labor Quality and Quantity

Quality, quantity, and composition of labor force are of

great importance to an employer

Labor Quality

The skills, education, and attitudes of availableemployees

Labor Quantity

The number of available employees with the skills

required to meet an employers business needs

LO1


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Worldwide Labor

Conditions and Trends

Overall size and sector of the work force

International labor trends

Aging of populations

Rural to urban shift

Unemployment

Immigrant labor

Child labor

Forced labor Brain drain

Guest workers

LO1


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Primary Occupation of National Labor Force

LO1


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Percentage of the Population

aged 65 or More

LO1


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Unemployment

3.1 billion workers in 2008 (per UN, ILO) 200 million overall are unemployed Middle East and North Africa (13.2%) Sub-Saharan Africa (9.7%)

Central and Eastern Europe (9.7) Latin America and Caribbean (7.7) Developed economies (6.7%) Southeast Asia and the Pacific (6.1%) South Asia (4.7%)

East Asia (3.8%) 45% of unemployed are between age 15 and 24

LO1


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Labor Mobility

Labor Mobilityrefers to the movement of people from

country to country or area to area to get jobs

Immigration refers to the process of leaving ones home

country to reside in another country

Foreign-born

Population comprises those immigrants whose move

is permanent and may include taking citizenship

Foreign

Population who are guest workers

LO2


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Standard terms

The North = Used to equate with the OECD,

wealthy, industrialized countries usually

found in the North

The South = Used to equate with the Third

World, poorer, less governable, source of

many migrants


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The international migrant

For the purpose of estimating the

international migrant stock, international

migrants are equated either being foreignborn or being foreign citizens

(Trends in International Migrant Stock: The2013 Revision)


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International Migration

Globally, there were 232 million

international migrants in 2013

Between 1990 and 2013 (mainly 2000-2010), the number of international migrants

worldwide rose by over 77 million or by 50

per cent.

The developed regions gained 53million- the

developing regions added 24million


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Nations With the Highest

Number of International Migrants

LO2


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International Migration

In 2013,over 51 per cent of all internationalmigrants in the world were living in 10 countries. The

top 6 were:

1. USA 46m 20%

2. Russia 11m

3. Germany 10m

4. Saudi 9m

5. UAE 8m

6. UK 8m


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International migrants

As can be seen, at 4.2million people,Pakistan has been the source of much

international migration.

Some migrants (from India or Iran) usePakistan as a transit point to move

elsewhere

Most migrants are from Afghanistan (i.e.:Afghani Hazaras in Quetta who came 30 years ago

as refugees but havent returned)


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Labor

Child labor The labor of children below 16 years of age

who are forced to work in production andusually receive little or no formaleducation

Primarily found in developing nations Existent in developed countries

70% are in agriculture

Forced labor(27 million today) mostly in

South and East Asia Northern and western Africa parts of Latin America

LO2


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Brain Drain

Brain drain refers to the loss by a country of its mostintelligent and best-educated people

Record numbers of immigrants are moving toOECD countries in search of jobs

When skilled workers migrate from developingcountries they do so for professionalopportunities and economic reasons

Reverse brain drainrefers to the growth of outsourcing andthe movement of highly educated, technologically skilled

employees and research scientists to other countries


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The following charts are on Tenmigrationcorridors with the

largest number ofinternational migrants per year

1990-2013 (thousands)


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Migration corridors 1990-2000

(thousands)


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Brain Drain

LO2

F i B I di id l i th USA


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Foreign-Born Individuals in the USA

with Science or Engineering Ph.D.

LO2


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Guest Workers

Guest workersare people who go to a foreign country legally

to perform certain types of jobs

Guest workers provide the labor host countries need

Guest workers are desirable as long as the

economies are growing

When economies slow, fewer workers are needed

and problems appear


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Considerations in Employment Policies-1

Social Status

Important with respect to labor force, especially

in some cultures

Caste: the group to which people belong in a

system under which peoples place or level in a

multilevel society is established at birth as being

the same level as that of their parents


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Considerations in Employment Policies-2

Sexismrefers to the acceptability of women as full and

equal participants in the work force ranges widely

Worldwide, 59% of all businesses include

women in senior management positions


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Ratio of Wages, Woman versus Men, Selected

OECD Countries

LO4


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Racism

Black and White conflict

U.S., South Africa, Great Britain and elsewhere

Arab-, Indian-, or Pakistani and Black conflict

Africa

Tamils and Sinhalese Conflict

Sri Lanka

LO4


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Minorities

Traditional Societies

Tribal peoples before they turn toorganized agriculture or industry;traditional customs may linger after theeconomy changes

Minorities

A relatively smaller number of peopleidentified by race, religion, or national

origin who live among a larger majority

LO4


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Employer-Employee Relationships

The labor marketrefers to the pool of available potentialemployees with the necessary skills within commutingdistance from an employer

A company must study the labor market when

considering whether to invest in a country Sources include

Foreign Labor Trends

Handbook of Labor Statistics

Yearbook of Labor Statistics

LO5


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Country Strike Rates Selected OECD Nations

LO5


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Labor Unions

European labor

Identified with political parties and socialistideology

United States labor Laborers already have many civil rights

Collective bargaining

A union represents the interests of a

bargaining unit (sometimes includes bothunion members and nonmembers) innegotiations with management

LO5


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Labor Unions

Japanese unions are enterprise-based rather than industrywide

Unions tend to identify strongly with company

interests Research shows that of all developed country

workers, Japanese workers are the leastsatisfied with their jobs

LO5


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Multinational Labor Activities

Internationalization of companies creates opportunitiesfor them to escape the reach of unions

In response, unions have begun to

collect and disseminate information aboutcompanies

consult with unions in other countries

coordinate with those unions policies and

tactics encourage international companies codes of

conduct

Multinational unionism is developing LO5


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Multinational Labor Activities

TheInternational Labor Organization(ILO) promotes socialjustice and recognizes human and labor rights worldwide

The Trade Union Advisory Committeeto the OECDconsults on trade union issues in global markets

LO5


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Union Membership Across Countries

LO5

Documents

Global Work Force Diversity_CM 1 and 2