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GEOLOGIC FINDINGS OF THE
BENEDUM FOUNDATION’S
APPALACHIAN STORAGE HUB STUDY
Kristin M. Carter, P.G., C.P.G.
Assistant State Geologist
Pennsylvania Geological Survey (Pittsburgh, PA)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• AONGRC co-authors – Douglas Patchen, Jessica Moore, Mohammad Fakhari, Gary Daft, Philip Dinterman, Michael Solis, Robin Anthony, Katherine Schmid, Brian Dunst, Antonette Markowski and Stephen Shank
• Benedum Foundation
• Industry Partners – AEP, Antero Resources, Blue Racer, Charleston Area Alliance, Chevron, Dominion, EQT, First Energy/Team NEO, Mountaineer NGL Storage LLC, Noble Energy, Southwestern Energy, XTO Energy and the West Virginia Oil & Natural Gas Association
• West Virginia University – WVU Foundation, WVU Research Corporation, National Research Center for Coal and Energy and WVU Corporate Relations Office
• Advisory Group
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• Complete a geologic study of all potential options for subsurface storage of NGLs along and adjacent to the Ohio River from southwestern Pennsylvania to eastern Kentucky, including a similar study along the Kanawha River in West Virginia
Stratigraphic correlation of key units
Mapping thickness and structure of key units
Reservoir characterization studies
Development and application of rating and ranking criteria
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STUDY GOAL
Area of Interest (AOI)
GEOLOGIC INTERVALS OF INTEREST
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System/Age Interval Description Storage Type
Mississippian Greenbrier LimestoneLimestone comprised of
multiple carbonate faciesMined-rock cavern
Lower Mississippian-Devonian
Keener to BereaMultiple sandstones of
variable location, thickness and extent
Depleted gas reservoirs
Upper DevonianVenango, Bradford and
Elk groups
Multiple sandstones of
variable location, thickness and extent
Depleted gas reservoirs
Lower Devonian Oriskany SandstoneRegionally persistent
sandstoneDepleted gas reservoir
Upper Silurian Salina Group Bedded salt formations Salt cavern
Upper Silurian Newburg sandstoneLocalized sandstone
equivalent to Salina C interval
Depleted gas reservoir
Lower Silurian Clinton/Medina GroupMultiple sandstones of
variable location, thickness and extent
Depleted gas reservoirs
Lower Ordovician -Upper Cambrian
Rose Run-Gatesburg sandstones
Regionally persistent sandstone
Depleted gas reservoirs
RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION EFFORTS
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• Unique characterization efforts for each type of
storage container
Depth – structure maps
Thickness – isopach maps
Extent – facies evaluation (Greenbrier) and clean
vs. “dirty” salt intervals (Salina F4)
Preliminary assessment – screened field-level data
for 2,700+ depleted gas reservoirs
GREENBRIER LIMESTONE – MINED-ROCK CAVERN
Figure 7. Net thickness map of theGreenbrier lime mudstone facies package.
Appalachian Storage Hub (ASH) Study
Appalachian Storage Hub (ASH) Study
Appalachian Storage Hub (ASH) Study
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SALINA F4 SALT – SALT CAVERN
• Below deepest occurrence
of fresh drinking water
• Not penetrated by many
gas wells that could
provide vertical
migration routes
• Increase in salt plasticity
limits lower cavern
depths to <7,000 ft
Area 1 2 3 4
Average
Depth (ft)
5,300 6,200 6,650 6,600
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ORISKANY SANDSTONE – DEPLETED GAS RESERVOIR
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Measured Depth Map
(ft below ground surface)
Greenbrier – Lime Mudstone Isopach
THREE PROSPECTS FOR NGL STORAGE
• Demonstrate how this Study’s regional and field-level geologic data can be applied to underground storage siting work
• Ascertain what site-level data might be necessary as part of a follow-on study
• Stacked storage plays an important role
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NORTHERN PROSPECT AREA• Clinton/Medina sandstones in Ohio’s
Ravenna-Best Consolidated Field
• Two Salina F4 Salt cavern opportunities on both sides of the Ohio River
• Oriskany core data indicates another opportunity; suggestsstacked potential
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CENTRAL PROSPECT AREA• Greenbrier Limestone mined-rock cavern
opportunities
• Keener to Berea Interval depleted gas field
• Venango Group inactive gas storage field
• Upper Devonian depleted gas field to the east
• Salina F4 Salt – Ben’s Run andvicinity
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SOUTHERN PROSPECT AREA
• Greenbrier Limestone mined-rock cavern opportunities
• Depleted gas fields in the Keener to Berea Interval
• Oriskany Sandstone (depletedgas and natural gas storage)
• Newburg fields(North Ripley, Rocky Fork, Cooper Creek and Kanawha Forest) are among the very best of all depleted gas fields
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SUMMARY AND CAVIATS
• Multiple options are present along the Ohio and Kanawha rivers where storage could be constructed in three different types of storage containers
• Storage capacity and deliverability will ultimately depend on the NGL product(s)
• Storage capacity and deliverability may require more than one facility and/or more than one geologic container per facility (stacked storage)
• We recommend a follow-on engineering and geologic site assessment at any potential site
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THANK YOU!
Kristin Carter, PG, CPGAssistant State Geologist Pennsylvania Geological Survey (Pittsburgh, PA)[email protected]
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