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Geography of ReligionReligious Landscapes
Conflict and Interaction
Cultural GeographyC.J.Cox, Instructor
Religions Overview
• What is Religion?
• Major Religions & Their Divisions
• The Geography Religion
• Religious Landscapes
• Religious Conflict and Interaction
Religious Landscapes
• Sacred Structures – Temples / Pagodas– Churches / Basilicas– Mosques
• Sacred Sites– mountains– rivers– caves
Holy Places reflect the Religious Beliefs
Ethnic religions • rooted in a distinctive
physical environment
• For example:
– Hindu - The Ganges River in India.
– Hindu - Himalayas Mt. Kalias in Nepal.
Universal religions • holy places are associated
with the founder’s life.
• For example:
– Christian - The city of Jerusalem
– Muslim - The city of Mecca
– Buddhist- Locations of important events in Buddha's life.
Rome- Christian
Jerusalem
- Jewish
-Christian
-Moslem
Ganges River-Hindu
Salt Lake City -Mormon
Lhasa -Buddhist
Medina- Muslim
Mecca -Muslim
Gaya and Lumbini-Buddhist
Selected Religious Landscapes of the World
Tenochitlan -Aztec
Himalayas- Hindu
How Did These Religions Diffuse to Where They Are?
Islam Christianity Buddhist•Traveling merchants go to North Africa
•Early believers spread ideas to the Roman Empire.
• European Colonization spreads Christianity worldwide.
•Monks travel into China, Tibet and Southeast Asia.
•Sea routes to Indonesia and Philippines introduced Islam.
•Ocean trading routes to China brought Buddhism.
•Missionaries •Missionaries •Missionaries
•Alliance with powerful communist countries.
•Alliance with technologically powerful western world & capitalism.
•Powerful kingdom of Magadhan Empire helped establish religion.
• Structure often dominates landscape with spirals, towers, or roofs
• Center of city or village often used for gathering of community
• Structure used as a reference point
Commonalties of Holy Locations
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A HOLY PLACE• A place of worship and teaching. -
Church • A space for prayer. -Mosques
• Buildings to house relics and artifacts or entomb a leader. –Pagodas, Temples & Pyramids
• A environmental astronomical calendar
• A destination goal.-pilgrimage
• Create an environment in the image of God or gods
Buddhist Stupas
ThailandCambodia
Tibet
Buddhist Landscapes
Buddhist Stupa, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Grand Palace, Bangkok, Thailand
Buddhist Temple, Louang Phrabang, Laos
Tibetan Buddhist Prayer Wheels Tibetan Landscapes
Wat Chedi Luang, Chang Mai Thailand
Grand Palace, Bangkok Thailand
Borobodour, Indonesia
Golden Temple, Kyoto Japan
Buddhist Temple, Kharkorin, Mongolia
Angor Wat, Cambodia
Christian Landscapes
Catholic Church, San Jose, CA Saint Peters Church, Vatican
Toledo, Spain
Segovia, Spain(1577)
Saint Peters at the Vatican, Rome Italy
Cathedral at Chartres, France
Templo Expiatrorio de al Sagrada Familia, Spain
Church of ResurrectionSaint Petersburg, Russia
St. Basil, Moscow, Russia
Russian Orthodox Church in Jerusalem
Taj Mahal, Agra inNW India(mausoleum)
Muslim Landscapes
Alhambra, Granada, Spain
Moorish (Muslim) Córdoba, Spain
Sultan Dascan Mosque, Madrasa
Saint Sophia, Istanbul Turkey
The Kaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
The Kaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Hindu Landscape
Hindu Landscapes
Western Wall, Jerusalem
Masada, Israel
Jewish Landscapes
Confucious Temple in Taiwan Temple of Kukuklan, Chitchen
Itzu
Ethnic & Animist Religious Landscapes
Ziggurat, Ur Iraq
Machu Picchu, Peru
Easter Island
Stonehenge, England
Parthenon, Athens Greece
Temple of Sobek, Egypt
Indian Grinding Rock
Urulu, Australia
Religions Overview
• What is Religion?
• Major Religions & Their Divisions
• The Geography Religion
• Religious Landscapes
• Religious Conflict and Interaction
Religious Conflicts & Interactions
• Israel - a case study
• Jerusalem - mixed quarters– Jewish quarter– Muslim - temple mount– Christian orthodox quarter
Western Wall & Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
Religions Overview
• What is Religion?
• Major Religions & Their Divisions
• The Geography Religion
• Religious Landscapes
• Religious Conflict and Interaction
