Geography GCSE : Global Tourism Unit. GLOBAL TOURISM : Areas to revise / Areas you can expect Exam Questions on. Tourism has become increasingly popularTrends

Geography GCSE : Global Tourism Unit

GLOBAL TOURISM : Areas to revise / Areas you can expect Exam Questions on.Tourism has become increasingly popular Trends in the growth of world tourism over the last 40 years. The development of Mass Tourism through

Package Holidays

Tourism has become increasingly varied The growth of specialist holidays : short-break, long-haul, Eco-tourism and Fair Trade tourism

The Geographical attractions of various destinations

How different places and locations can offer a range of attractions for various types of holiday

There are key factors causing the changes in the tourism industry

Social and economic factors causing the growth of the tourism industry. The role of technology in changing holidays, and how a Global Tour Operator works.

Resort Life-cycle : the Butler Model Comparing 2 resort locations at different stages of economic development : BENIDORM (SPAIN) (Medc) & BELIZE / MALDIVES / NEPAL / COSTA RICA (Ledcs)

The tourism industry is vitally important in many parts of the world

Why some countries want to develop their tourist industry for the economic, social, cultural and environmental benefits they think increased tourism will bring. Use at least one case study in an MEDC : BENIDORM, SPAIN LEDCs: BELIZE / MALDIVES / NEPAL / COSTA RICA

Resort decline – and Rejuvenation Why tourists stop going to certain tourist destinations – and the impact this can have. How the resorts try to rejuvenate themselves. BLACKPOOL, UK ; BENIDORM SPAIN

Conflicts of Interest arising from Tourism Conflicts of Interest that tourism can create – and how they can be successfully planned for and managed. BENIDORM (WATER) BELIZE (various) NEPAL (various) MALDIVES (various)

Tourist Honeypots and sustainable management

The issues which develop in tourist Honeypots – and how they are managed in sustainable ways BOWNESS-ON-WINDERMERE, CUMBRIA , LAKE DISTRICT

Measuring the level of development of countries

Some countries are not well-off and want to use tourism to increase their standard of living. Exploring different Measures of wealth, affluence and quality of life BELIZE

Using Tourism for economic growth in poorer countries

How long-haul tourism can bring economic, social, cultural, and environmental benefits to an LEDC to help them develop and close the wealth gap BELIZE MALDIVES NEPAL COSTA RICA

Tourism can cause Issues, problems and challenges for people and communities

Explore the issues that being a tourist destination can bring to resort areas in MEDCs and LEDCs BENIDORM (MEDC) BELIZE, MALDIVES COSTA RICA (LEDCS)

Tourism can put pressures on the Environment

The impact tourism can have on the environment in resorts in MEDCs and LEDCs BENIDORM, BELIZE, MALDIVES COSTA RICA

The impact of increasing tourism on the Global environment

How an increase in global tourism and travel can have an impact on the global environment

Sustainable tourism can be planned for and managed

How some resorts are trying to become regions of Sustainable tourism, including one Ecotourism resort in an LEDC: MALDIVES, NEPAL (sustainable tourism) BELIZE & COSTA RICA (Eco-Tourism)

What are the key features of successful tourist management strategies?

Evaluating the success of tourist management strategies : BENIDORM BELIZE SEYCHELLES MALDIVES NEPAL COSTA RICA

How to do well at GCSE Geography : getting the examiner to give you the marks

A Accuracy : making sure you put down accurate information. Using any info you are provided with – from maps, photos, graphs, tables of data. Referring to the data and supporting your answer by quoting it and using it to back up your points. Knowing the factual information you have learnt in class through effective revision, then using it. Saying things precisely – not just vague and general terms

U Understanding : explaining points. Writing at length for higher-scoring questions – not just short, brief answers. Giving Reasons for the points you are making – showing you haven’t just ‘learnt’ them, but ‘understand’ them by explaining fully. (instead of ‘businesses do well’…. Say which types of jobs or shops can be created by the growth of tourism such as ‘people hiring out bikes & quads get more customers’)

S Structure / Sections : Organising longer answers into clear paragraphs. This will need some thinking through before you start writing. You may have sections on ‘Economic’, ‘Social’ and ‘Environmental effects of tourism; or Local, Regional, National and International benefits of tourism, or ‘Long-term’ impacts and ‘Short-term’ impacts. But choose a way of organising points logically.

L Links : Linking points shows that you are ‘thinking like a geographer’… that you can see the consequences and effects of something, and the causes of things. (eg. Global warming is causing oceans to be warmer…. Because of this they absorb more CO2….. As a result coral reefs are dying……Consequently the Maldives are at greater risk of flooding from hurricanes and rising sea levels)

E Examples : make sure you refer to actual places. Geography is about the real world. You are expected to be able to name the places where certain things happen. Name actual resorts (‘Benidorm’….. Not just ‘In Spain….’) but also say where it is in the world (Belize – in Central America…… The Maldives, islands in the Indian Ocean…..) Know which are in MEDCs & which are in LEDCs.

T Terms : use geographical words and vocabulary to show you know the language of the subject. This will help you understand the questions so you can make sure you write about what the examiner is asking for (‘Describe…..’ means say what it’s like – but don’t go into explanations. ‘Evaluate’…means say to what extent something has worked). Put geographical terms into your answers where you can: eco-tourism, sustainable tourism, multiplier effect , carbon emissions…et

Global Tourism : Tourism Trends / What is happening to tourist numbers?

Key Terms :

Tourism

Leisure Time

Possible Questions :

What are some of the main trends in Tourism in recent decades?

How might tourism change in the future as a result of recent trends?

Tourism Definition : Making active use of leisure time to explore places that are not part of a person’s usual routine. This is more than the annual fortnight holiday to somewhere hot and sunny. It may a day-visit to a theme park, a weekend break to city, a winter holiday which may seek out ‘winter sun’ or ‘winter snow’, and could include a 12 month ‘Gap Year’ round-the-world trip after university. Tourism takes many forms and can be to places quite near as well as far away, last a few hours or take months to complete. But always, tourists will have an impact on the places they visit – sometimes a good one – possibly a bad one, usually a mix of the two.

Weblinks : BBC video clip on tourism in Brighton

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/tourism-at-the-seaside-in-brighton/8438.html

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Key Trend 1 : More people are going on holiday than ever before – it is the world’s fastest growing industry

Key Trend 2 : People are taking more holidays per year – not just a main ‘summer holiday’, but often a winter holiday, as well as weekend breaks in Autumn and Spring

Key Trend 3 : People are travelling further for their holidays. Most people’s grandparents holidayed in Britain, your parents’ generation holidayed in Europe – and your generation is going to different continents – to Florida, Thailand and Australia

Key Trend 4 : There is big growth in tourists from MEDCs visiting LEDCs either for the climate, the unspoilt environment or the culture.




Global Tourism : Tourism Trends / Why is tourism growing?

Key Terms :

Social trends

Economic trends

Technological trends

Tourist revenue


Why has tourism grown so much over recent years?

Which factors are most important in explaining the growth of global tourism?

The tourist industry is one of the world’s largest industries – both in the number of people it employs, and the wealth it generates for countries. For some countries it is the biggest part of their economy – such as Hawaii, Bermuda, the Bahamas and Nepal. For the worlds’ number one tourists destination – France – the income from tourism is a major contribution to the country’s prosperity. A range of SOCIAL, ECONOMIC and TECHNOLOGICAL changes has resulted in the rise of the tourism industry as a major activity around the world.

Weblinks :

BBC video clip on how climate affects tourist choices

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/contrasting-morecambe-with-torremolinos-latitude/3235.html

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Longer paid holidays : In Britain employees can expect 20 or more days of paid holiday each year. This has increased hugely since the 1950s – when just 10 days was normal. So people can take more holidays now

Shorter working hours : Many people are able to finish work early on Friday – or work ‘flexi-time’ – so they work some ‘long days’ and ‘short days’. This gives people more time to go on mini-break over a weekend.

More affluence : Holidays cost money – but as people have become wealthier they choose to spend more of their money on holidays. Once families have met the cost of their house, their car, and food, - tourism is the next main area of spending.

Cheaper holidays : The arrival of travel agents on the high streets competing with each other, low-cost air travel and cheap food abroad has meant the average cost of a holiday has come down in price

Transport improvements : Motorways which give quick travel to ports, airports and across countries, along with the Channel Tunnel, new airports and low-cost airlines all mean it is easier, cheaper and quicker to travel long distances than ever before.

More awareness of holidays : Lots of TV programmes show different holidays, comparing resorts and whole satellite channels devoted to holiday ideas means more desire to go away for a few days. With retired people living longer and college students wanting to travel there are huge numbers of people looking for information about where to go next – who have the information, and money to travel.





Global Tourism : Tourism Trends / Mass Tourism & New Technology

Key Terms :

Travel Agent

Package holiday

Mass Tourism

Internet Tourism


Why did Mass Tourism take off during the 1960s?

How has technology influenced the tourism industry in recent years?

How might new technology influence tourism trends in the future?

The rise of the Package Holiday in the 1960s caused the Mass Tourism that exists today. It made it very easy to book the whole holiday ‘package’ just by selecting a resort from a travel brochure. The travel agent then did all the bookings – flights, hotels, transfers from airport to hotel… even day-trips and sorting out the money you needed when you got there. That role of the Travel Agent is now being threatened by the internet as tourists choose to select and book their own holiday and flights from their computer at home.

Weblinks :

BBC news clip on an internet scam http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11458232

Video clip on the rise of package holidays and the threat of the internet:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/fast_track/9300289.stm

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Advantages Disadvantages

Easy to buy the full ‘Package’ including flights, hotel & coaches

Can get instant help if anything goes wrong – eg flight is cancelled

Can benefit from the background knowledge of different resorts

from the travel agent

You may get sold a holiday which isn’t quite what you want

Travel brochures don’t always give the full truth about resorts

Package holidays tend to go to busy, popular places which

might get crowded.

Booking through a Travel Agency

Self-booking through the Internet

Can plan the flight times and hotel days exactly to what you want

May be able to find cheaper options for flights and hotel by

searching around

Can fully research the resort and use Google Earth to check hotel location

and reviews from past tourists

If anything falls through – you’re on your own (flights cancelled)

Advertised holiday might be a ‘scam’ – you get there and the

villa hasn’t been built yet

Negative web stories about crime and murders may put you off a resort but

these could happen anywhere

Many people use a combination of the two –

they do their own research on the internet, then book it through a Travel Agent

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11458232

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11458232




Global Tourism : Tourism Trends / Different categories of Tourism

Key Terms :

(see terms in BOLD opposite)

Example / Case-Study :

Benidorm – Mass Tourism

Belize – Eco Tourism

Costa Rica – Eco Tourism

Sustainable Tourism


What are some of the different types of tourism resorts specialise in?

Which will be the big growth areas for tourism in the future?

The different types of tourism are increasing as more people take holidays. As more countries develop and more people have surplus income to spend on leisure – there is every type of tourism to meet people’s different interests and spending money.

Weblinks :

BBC video clip on Safari tourism in Kenya – an example of Adventure Tourism, Eco-Tourism and Cultural Tourism all in one

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/tourism-in-kenya/4506.html

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Increasing Distance

Local Hull museum

Regional visit (Yorkshire Moors)

National (camping in Cornwall)

Short-Haul (less than 4 hrs flight)

Long-Haul (more than 4 hrs flight)

Inter-continental (UK to Australia)

Increasing Duration

Day visit to a city

Weekend city-break to London or Paris

Autumn break for a week in a cottage in

the Lake District

Fortnight summer holiday to Greece

4 week safari holiday to Kenya

Gap-year tour after University on a world ticket

Tourism activity

Mass Tourism (what many do – Sun, Sea & Sand in Majorca

Event Tourism (eg World Cup spectators in S. Africa & Qatar)

Religious Tourism (pilgrimage to

Jerusalem or Mecca)

Cultural tourism (visiting the Pyramids in Egypt

Adventure Tourism (white-water rafting in New Zealand

Eco-Tourism (jungle trek in the Amazon)

2 month retirement cruise of the Caribbean

Fair-trade tourism (helping build a school in a village in Peru)




Global Tourism : Tourism Trends / World Tourism Destinations

Key Terms :

Top tourist destinations

Origin of visitors


What is the pattern of global tourism?

Where might become popular in the future as a tourism destination – and why?

It’s not a surprise that 7 of the world’s top destinations for tourists are in Europe. With 360 million affluent people – that’s a lot of people looking to go on holiday to a nearby country. Mexico gets in at number 10 due to its proximity to the USA – with many wealthy Americans heading south to enjoy the Caribbean Ocean, high sunshine levels and Mexican food and culture of the USAs next-door neighbour. China – with one sixth of the entire global population, is generating more tourists every year as it gets wealthier – and many Chinese choose to holiday in their own country. In 20 years time China is likely to claim the top spot as more Europeans & American travel to China as it develops more airports and hotels, and more Chinese families becoming wealthy enough to take a holiday in their own country.

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Global Tourism : Tourism Trends / World Tourism Destinations - Factors

Key Terms :

Paris – city of culture

Accessibility

Guaranteed sunshine

Maximum temperature

Temperature Range

Rainfall maximum


Why are some countries so popular as tourist destinations?

To what extent are Physical factors the most important in influencing tourist visits to a country?

Weblinks : See a selection of climate charts from around the world

http://www.uwsp.edu/geO/faculty/ritter/interactive_climate_map/climate_map.html

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France has a border with 7 other European countries ( the UK via the Channel Tunnel) – so is easily accessible from many countriesFrance has a reputation

for great food and wine

France has a lot of coastline –

the Atlantic, the English Channel

and the Mediterranean –

so lots of sea, bays & beaches

Paris has a world reputation as a romantic city full

of culture, art and fine experiences attracting visitors at any time of the

year The high, snowy French Alps provide

some of the best winter skiing in all Europe – so it gets tourists all year round in all 4 seasons

The south of France gets reliably hot,

sunny, dry summers – great for camping

Being further south, the sun’s rays are more concentrated over Spain, so temperatures are up to 30C in July

The Temperature Range in Spain ( difference between warmest & coolest month) is not that big : 30C -- 15C = 15C

Summer high pressure means there’s very little rain, very few clouds, and so sunny blue skies over Spain

April to August have reliably low rainfall – the main holiday months for tourists from N. Europe wanting the sun & heat

Why are France and Spain the most Popular Tourist Destinations in Europe?

Climate Chart for

Spain



Global Tourism : Resort Development / The Growth of seaside resorts

Key Terms :

Butler Model

Resort development

Resort Stagnation

Rejuvenation


Why do some places develop into tourist resorts?

How do resorts develop over time?

Why do some resorts go into decline and is there anything they can do to reverse the decline?

Weblinks : BBC article on Blackpool as top resort

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10344837

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WithernseaBlackpoolOriginally a small fishing village on the north east coast

1860s : Arrival of the railway from Hull brought thousands of people for a day out at the seaside – closest coast to the city

1900s : hotels and tourist entertainment facilities built so people could spend longer at the resort

1920s : development of cars and coaches brought people from inland cities. Resort grew.

1950s : increasing wealth and paid holidays meant huge numbers of people coming to the resort for a week or fortnight holiday. At its peak.

1960s : caravan parks built so people could have cheaper accommodation. Less wealthy tourists coming now.

1970s : cost of Package Holidays to Spain were coming down, so fewer tourists coming to Withernsea

1990s : attempt to revive the resort by building the Pavilion leisure centre and improving the Valley Gardens and Promenade

2010s : most visitors are day-trippers from Hull, or retired people coming to caravan sites – who don’t spend much in town.

Originally a small fishing village on the north west coast

1860s : Arrival of the railway from Manchester brought thousands of people for a day out at the seaside – closest coast to the city

1900s : hotels and tourist entertainment facilities built so people could spend longer at the resort

1920s : development of cars and coaches brought people from inland cities. Resort grew.

1950s : increasing wealth and paid holidays meant huge numbers of people coming to the resort for a week or fortnight holiday.

1960s : Pleasure Park developed with some of the most exciting thrills & rides in Britain

1970s : cost of Package Holidays to Spain were coming down, so fewer tourists coming to Blackpool for their main holiday – but still many weekend and day visitors

1990s : Keeps putting in new rides and gets celebrities to open the Blackpool Illuminations each September & develops new plans

2010s : Has become the ‘Hen Party/ Stag Party’ focus for Britain – also a major Conference Centre. Voted the most popular coastal resort in Britain.

The Butler Model of resort evolution


Withernsea – declining coastal resort on the E. Yorkshire coast

Blackpool – rejuvenated coastal resort in NW England



Global Tourism : Resort Development / Reversing the decline : Holderness

Key Terms :

Butler Model

Resort development

Resort Stagnation

Rejuvenation


What are the consequences of resort decline?

What strategies can resorts use to try to reverse their decline?

Weblinks : BBC article

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-11048369

http://www.hornseafreeport.com/

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Holderness coast

Bridlington

Hornsea

Withernesea

Consequences of Fewer visitors

coming to the resort

Hotels, bed & breakfasts and guest houses are partly empty

Receptionists, bar staff and cleaners are sacked – unemployment rises

Less revenue for shops, pubs, clubs – some close down

Less tax revenue for the local council – less wealth to invest

in improving resort

People choose to move away to other towns with more prospects

Population decline – local school has less pupils, doctors

& bus services close down

Less money to repaint public buildings, repair broken seats or

clean graffiti off buildings

Resort looks uncared for – and puts off any visitors from

returning or recommending it.

Economic links

Social links

Environmental links

How East Yorkshire Coast resorts are

attempting to draw back visitors

Bridlington : attracting wealthy tourists by building a 320 berth marina for cruise

boats (economic)

Withernsea : improving the

environment with a new promenade &

events like Summer Time Special in Valley

Gardens

Hornsea Freeport : shops under cover in

attractive layout + kids activities for

family day out (even if it’s

raining)





Global Tourism : Resort Development / Reversing the decline : Blackpool

Key Terms :

Conference centre

Event tourism (Hen & stag party)

Day visitors

Repeat visitors

Rejuvenation


How have some resorts attempted to deal with the decline of traditional resorts?

Evaluate the degree of success a resort you have studied has had in coping with falling tourist numbers.

Weblinks : BBC on Blackpool


http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8123208.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-11061823

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Blackpool. Lancashire, NW England

Blackpool’s Strategy for Rejuvenatio

n

Conferences : Using all the hotel accommodation to hold conferences in out-of-season cheaper rates. e.g. Labour Party conference in

October

Thrills & Rides : The Pleasure Beach has dozens of exciting rides which rival those at Alton Towers. Attracts families all year round.

Blackpool Illuminations : World Famous lights which start as the evenings draw in, in September – and extends the holiday season for another 2 months. Attracts families

Hen & Stag Party Capital of Britain : Blackpool attracts groups of young adults throughout the year with specialist weekend packages for Hen & Stag partiesEvaluation : how successful has Blackpool been in Rejuvenating as a resort?

Blackpool has been voted the UKs Top Coastal Resort

It is more successful than other resorts in getting visitors

Many people visit Blackpool outside the usual summer months – going in Autumn and even Winter to the rides.

It manages to get visitors who aren’t tourists – for Conferences, often in winter months when it would be quiet.

X The numbers going to Blackpool for their main summer holiday continue to fall

X More Britons are going abroad than staying in the UK

X Whilst Blackpool is ‘popular’ – it’s often for one-off day visits like going to the Illuminations - & not repeat visitors

X Some of the visitors (Hen & Stag parties) put off other visitors (families with kids) by their drunken behaviour







Global Tourism : Resort Development / Spain – Benidorm Growth

Key Terms :

Physical attractions

Human attractions

Package holiday

Transport infrastructure

Mass tourism


Annotate a photograph to show the Physical and Human factors which have attracted tourists to this resort

What were the main factors leading to the growth of a resort you have studied?

Weblinks : Read about how the bikini helped Benidorm grow to the top Mediterranean resort :

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/2031726.stm

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/apr/02/spain

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Benidorm – Costa Blanca, Spain

Clear blue skies long hours of reliable sunshine

Clear clean sea pleasant to

swim in.

Forested slopes a nice cool walk or picnic away from the beach

Trees by the beach give cool shade at

midday for families

Hotel on the slope only 2 minutes from

the beach

Jetty has been built can dive off it, or go on glass-bottom boat trips

Sun shades are provided stops

you getting sunburnt

Sun-loungers means you can stay off hot sand Physical & Human

attractions of the Mediterranean coast

Stages in the growth of Benidorm – Costa Blanca,

Spain

1950s : The mayor looks for a way to revive the declining fishing port of Benidorm as fish stocks decline. He persuades the President to allow foreign tourists to wear the new fashion of ‘bikinis’ on the beach – the only one in Spain to allow this. The resort becomes popular with US film stars and rich Europeans

1960s : New hotels, bars, restaurants are built to make money from the growing number of rich tourists arriving on new Package Holidays

1970s : Transport infrastructure is improved – new roads and the nearby airport at Alicante brings in larger numbers of middle income tourists to Benidorm to enjoy the guaranteed hot sunny summers, warm blue Mediterranean Sea & Spanish culture.

1980s: Mass Tourism arrives as large numbers of hotels are built, lots of cheap fast-food outlets and pubs and clubs selling cheap beer & wine. Competition between hotels and bars forces down prices – bringing the resort to many lower income people. Tourism reaches a peak at 12m visitors a year.






Global Tourism : Resort Development / The Multiplier Model

Key Terms :

Butler Model

Resort development

Infrastructure

Tax revenue


For a resort you have studied what were the Economic and Social factors which led to its growth?

Why do many resorts start to lose their popularity after 20 years or so of being a top resort?

Weblinks :

http://www.thebenidormmap.com/benidorm_spain.html

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article7031371.ece

http://geographyfieldwork.com/TouristMultiplier.htm

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The Multiplier Effect shows how once a resort has started to develop – it continues growing under its own energy – but may set the seeds for its own stagnation and decline later on.

New resort is ‘discovered’ by rich tourists

Locals build restaurants, bars and hotels to get income from

rich tourists

Roads, rail, airports, electricity, water supply – all improved to attract more tourists (Infrastructure) using taxes

from local businesses

More tourists arriveMore hotels are built

More locals move to the resort to work in construction or for tourism

jobs

Resort gets even bigger – so more roads, railways & services are built using bigger

tax income

Resort is very well known now, easy to get to, with cheap prices due to all the competition – so attracts Massive

numbers of tourists

The Multiplier Effect can be seen in Benidorm’s growth – and made it the biggest Spanish resort by the 1980s – which many other resorts copied. But the end result is a very different resort – and causes tourists to choose not to go there any more as it has lost the things that first attracted them – the nice scenery, quiet relaxing feel, local culture, and sense of being ‘abroad’. So the resort may decline.







Global Tourism : Resort Development / Benidorm benefits of tourism

Key Terms :

Economic benefits

Social benefits

Environmental Benefits

Local scale benefits

Regional scale benefits

National scale benefits


How would you classify the benefits tourism can bring to a country?

Why do countries seek to increase the amount of tourists they receive?

Weblinks : BBC video clip on clubbing in Ibiza - effects

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/the-effect-of-clubbing-on-tourism-in-ibiza/1427.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/benefits-of-clubbing-tourism-to-the-economy-of-ibiza/1429.html

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The benefits of tourism can be classified in various ways – Economic, Social and Environmental benefits, but also at different SCALES – Local, Regional and National.

Local Benefits for Benidorm town

Benefits for the Region around Benidorm

Benefits for the whole of Spain

Spain is viewed in a positive way by millions of international visitors – who may return to other resorts

(SOC)

Many jobs in tourism which pay better than traditional farming or fishing – hotel receptionist,

electricians & builders (EC)Tax revenue from tourism can be spent

improving the streets, buildings and schools for local people (EC)

Farms and fishermen in the region can sell their produce to the tourist hotels and

restaurants for a good price (EC)Companies supplying bricks, timber, concrete and steel for the building boom in hotels will

get more orders (EC)Transport in the region is improved – wider roads from the new airport and new railway stations –

which benefits locals (SOC)

Income from tourism is a major ‘earner’ for Spain, making up 12% of all Spain’s annual income, and employing 12% of all

workers (EC)

Improved water supplies, electricity supply, sewage systems and internet connections

for the tourist industry can be used to benefit local people (SOC)

Companies across Spain that make items for the tourist industry get more orders – bathroom fittings for hotel rooms, tables & chairs for cafes, sound

equipment for discos….etc (EC)

The town will be kept tidy, streets swept, beaches cleaned regularly, and pollution kept out of the sea so that the resort is

attractive for tourists (ENV)








Global Tourism : Resort Development / Benidorm problems of tourism

Key Terms :

Seasonal unemployment

Visual pollution

Noise pollution

Rural depopulation

Carbon emissions

Tourism recession


How would you classify the problems tourism can bring to a country?

Do tourists bring more problems than benefits – or the other way around?

Weblinks : BBC video clip on tourism problems in Ibiza –

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/the-impact-of-mass-tourism-in-spain/1569.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/effects-of-clubbing-tourism-in-ibiza/1428.html

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Tourism can bring huge problems – which can be classified as Economic, Social, Environmental… local, regional, national or international. and Short-term or Long-term. Decide which of these are easy to deal with – and which are more difficult to solve :

Economic problems Social problems Environmental problems

Local scale – Benidorm town

•Many of the tourism jobs are low paid – and only for the summer tourist season seasonal unemployment•Much of the income from tourism goes to the airlines, tour companies and hotel owners – who may not be local, or Spanish

•Hordes of loud drunken tourists keep locals awake through the night• Local people feel the town isn’t theirs anymore – taken over by tourists, & they lose their culture

•Vast amounts of litter and discarded fast food attracts vermin (rats) which bring disease•Raw Sewage from hotels may be discharged into the Mediterranean Sea•Visual pollution from multi- storey hotels blocks views

Regional scale – Up to 50 miles around Benidorm

•Young people migrate away from inland villages and towns to work in Benidorm – leaving a lack of employees in surrounding settlements.

•Roads are very congested between the airport and Benidorm – and to other resorts with coaches & taxis creating problems for local drivers

•Noise pollution of aircraft landing throughout the day and night at Alicante airport.

National scale – Whole of Spain

• Spain's economy is dependent on the rest of Europe. If there’s recession in Germany and the UK – fewer tourists come to Spain so it loses out too.

• Money is spent on improving roads, water and power supplies to coastal tourist areas – at the expense of towns inland which don’t get it.

•Water shortages affect the whole country with anger between the farmers and the tourist industry about who should get scarce supplies

International scale – Global problems

• The carbon footprint of millions of tourists flying to and from Spain each year adds to carbon emissions – increasing Global Warming.







Global Tourism : Resort Development / Spanish Tourism Rejuvenation plans

Key Terms :

Activity holidays

Out of season holidays

Cultural holidays

Rejuvenation


How has a resort you have studied tried to stop its decline as a popular tourist destination?

Is it inevitable that tourist resorts become less popular over time?

Weblinks :

http://www.lamangaclub.com/Love-Sport.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2008/aug/03/spain.travelnews

http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2011/apr/02/benidorm-spain-holiday-new-alicante

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Malaga, Spain – Tennis & Golf resort

Spain is trying to rejuvenate its tourism by moving away from Mass Tourism at the coast and trying to encourage:

• fewer but more wealthy tourists

•Encourage tourism throughout the year – Spring Autumn & Winter as well as summer

•Encouraging more active tourism – golf, tennis, riding holidays. People pay more for these – and they don’t depend on hot sunny weather

•Dispersing tourists into the interior of Spain – not just the coasts






Global Tourism : Tourism Environmental Impact / Spanish Water Issues

Key Terms :

Irrigation

Water shortage

High-value salad crops

Horticulture / polytunnels


What are some of the negative effects of tourism on the environment?

How can tourism bring problems as well as benefits to an area?

Weblinks

BBC video clip on water shortages in Spain

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/water-shortages-the-ebro-river-dam/1570.html

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Malaga, Spain – Tennis & Golf resort

Spain is facing serious water shortages which is being made worse by the needs of the tourist industry. There is a big question of who should have the main claim to Spain’s declining water – the farming sector or the tourism sector

Farmers’ Claims for Water Tourism Claims for Water

• Growers need irrigation water for high-value crops of tomatoes, lettuce, celery and peppers which can be sold to N. Europe for high prices during the winter & spring

• The farms are often in the interior of Spain – providing jobs in areas outside the coastal tourist areas

• Farming uses water very efficiently in polytunnels and greenhouses to reduce evaporation but the tourism industry wastes water

• Tourists are choosing to go to other resorts outside Spain – so Spain will need the farming industry for its income in the future.

• Tourists expect to be able to shower, use swimming pools & flumes and not face water shortages when they come on holiday – or they’ll go elsewhere

• Tourism is the biggest growth sector of Spain’s economy – rather than farming so should get first use of the water

• Tourism is going to be a big earner in the future for Spain – but farming is traditional and old

• Farmers should concentrate on crops which need less water – like olives for olive oil & grapes for wine

Why Spain is facing a water shortage

Climate Change : less rain is falling on Spain as the Sahara desert expands northwards over it

Increased use for Farming : more farms are growing high-value salad crops which need a lot of irrigation water to produce good crops

Increased use for Tourism : more hotels, more swimming pools, more water features like fountains etc.

Spain's 2020 tourism strategy wants more wealthy tourists playing golf – so irrigating golf courses uses lots of water

Global Tourism : Tourism Environmental Impact / Spanish Water Solutions 16

Water shortages could reduce Spain’s economic progress – either by reducing the amount of high-value food crops it is able to export, or by reducing the number tourists it attracts compared with other countries with better water supplies.

The solution Spain chooses should allow for SUSTAINABLE uses of limited water – and sustainable economic growth into the future.

Key Terms :

Underground aquifer

Boreholes

Water transfer scheme

Reservoirs

De-salination plant

Sustainable solution


Malaga, Spain – Tennis & Golf resort – water shortage


How can the negative effects of tourism be managed?

What do you understand by ‘sustainable tourism’?

Weblinks

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/912127.stm

http://economatters.wordpress.com/2008/05/04/water-scarcity-in-spain-barcelona-is-drying-up/

Documents

Geography GCSE : Global Tourism Unit. GLOBAL TOURISM : Areas to revise / Areas you can expect Exam Questions on. Tourism has become increasingly popularTrends