Geographic Trend Report for GMAT Examinees/media/Files/gmac/Research... · 2013-02-27 · changes in examinee preferences. Geographic Trend Reports were first introduced in 2005 as

20

03

-20

07

Geographic Trend Report for GMAT® Examinees

T he Asian Geographic Trend Report for GMAT® Examinees identifies migratory trends among GMAT examinees applying to and attending

graduate business school. Geographic and background data collected after each examinee completes the GMAT exam are used and combined with score-sending patterns. Together they illustrate which countries and schools are of interest to citizens of various Asian countries. Data from the most recent testing year are compared against data from four years prior to identify changes in examinee preferences.

Geographic Trend Reports were first introduced in 2005 as part of the GMAC® Research Report Series. The trend series has since grown based on requests for annual updates and specialized reports for individual regions, including Asia, Europe, and the United States.

If you’d like an electronic copy of this or any other Geographic Trend Report documents, visit www.gmac.com/GeographicTrends.

If you have questions about this publication, please contact us at [email protected].


The Asian Geographic Trend Report for GMAT Examinees is a product of the Graduate Management Admission Council® (GMAC), a global nonprofit education organization of leading graduate business schools and the owner of the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT). The GMAT exam is an important part of the admissions process for more than 4,000 graduate management programs around the world. GMAC is dedicated to creating access to and disseminating information about graduate management education; these schools and others rely on the Council as the premier provider of reliable data about the graduate management education industry.

© 2008 Graduate Management Admission Council® (GMAC®). All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of GMAC®. For permission contact the GMAC® legal department at [email protected].

Creating Access to Graduate Business Education®, Global MBA®, GMAC®, GMAT®, Graduate Management Admission Council®, and Graduate Management Admission Test® are registered trademarks of the Graduate Management Admission Council® in the United States and other countries.

CONTENTS

Asian Geographic Trend Report • 2003–2007 © 2008 Graduate Management Admission Council®. All rights reserved. 1

KEY FINDINGS ...........................................................................2

METHODOLOGY ........................................................................3

RESULTS .....................................................................................4

Location of GMAT® Examinees in Asia ..................................................4 Country Gains and Losses....................................................................6 Findings by Indian Citizenship...............................................................9 Findings by Chinese Citizenship ..........................................................11 Findings by South Korean Citizenship ..................................................13 Findings by Taiwanese Citizenship ......................................................14 Findings by Japanese Citizenship ........................................................16 Findings by Thai Citizenship................................................................18 Findings by Pakistani Citizenship .........................................................19 Findings by Singapore Citizenship.......................................................21 Findings by Indonesian Citizenship ......................................................23 Findings by Malaysian Citizenship ......................................................25 Findings by Vietnamese Citizenship .....................................................27

DISCUSSION ............................................................................28

AUTHOR...................................................................................29

CONTACT INFORMATION........................................................29

REFERENCES.............................................................................29

APPENDIX A: TOP 20 COUNTRIES FOR EXAMINEES OF ASIAN CITIZENSHIP (TY 2001–TY 2007) ................................30

APPENDIX B: REGIONAL CATEGORIES ....................................30

ASIA ...............................................................................................30 CENTRAL ASIA ................................................................................30

INTRODUCTION

2 © 2008 Graduate Management Admission Council®. All rights reserved. Asian Geographic Trend Report • 2003–2007

his Asian Geographic Trend Report presents geographic and background data on the population of examinees taking the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®) exam in Asia during the 2003 and 2007 testing years (TY). The data were analyzed to identify

geographic trends among Asian GMAT examinees applying to and attending graduate business school.

Student demand for graduate management education by country is examined two ways—by registrations within a country and by score reports sent to a country. Trends for GMAT score reports sent are used throughout this report to indicate examinee interest in studying in a particular region.

Care should be taken when generalizing these results. Other factors, such as changes in application requirements by schools and governments, can affect trends reported. Additionally, testing year 2003 followed a record-breaking year in terms of the number of GMAT exams taken, which affects comparisons across the two testing years studied.

Key Findings • Examinee score-sending behavior in Asia has

changed drastically in recent years, but patterns are beginning to emerge in certain countries/regions. Countries such as India and Singapore show definitive trends with an increasing number of score reports sent to local schools, whereas other countries/regions, such as China and South Korea, have stable trends with a high percentage of score reports sent to U.S. schools.

• India, China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan produced the greatest number of tests taken in Asia in TY 2007.

• Although TY 2003 followed a record year for GMAT testing, half of the top 20 Asian countries/regions experienced an increase in GMAT exams taken in TY 2007 compared with TY 2003, and 14 countries/regions saw an increase compared with TY 2006. India, China, Singapore, and Hong Kong have seen the greatest gains, while Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have seen the greatest declines.

• The top five Asian countries/regions to which all GMAT examinees sent score reports are India, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, and the Philippines. Of these, India, the Philippines, and Singapore have seen the greatest gains since TY 2003.

• The top five countries/regions to which Asian citizens sent GMAT score reports are the United States, India, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Singapore. Five years ago, the top countries/regions included the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, and Hong Kong.

• Schools in Singapore are becoming increasingly appealing to citizens of Singapore, attracting more than 40% of their domestic pool in TY 2007. Part-time programs and Financial Engineering programs have gained in popularity with citizens of Singapore, as well.

• The percentage of score reports sent to schools in India by Indian citizens nearly tripled from TY 2003 to TY 2007. Indian citizens also sent the highest average number of score reports per examinee (4.5).

• India and Europe continue to gain in market share from Indian citizens as the applicant pool from India grows. Meanwhile, the United States has lost market share from this group.

T

METHODOLOGY


Methodology The 10 countries/regions in Asia with the greatest number of examinees sitting for the GMAT exam were analyzed. Information was obtained from examinee responses to the background information questionnaire (BIQ) administered as part of the GMAT exam, score reporting information from examinee records, and other registration information for testing years 2001 through 2007, each beginning July 1 and ending June 30.

Although data from TY 2001 to TY 2007 are provided for general trend purposes, TY 2003 and TY 2007 data provide the primary basis for this report. Data from the 52,030 records of Asian examinees in TY 2003 and the 56,306 records of Asian examinees in TY 2007 sitting for the GMAT

exam one or more times during these years are closely examined. In TY 2003, 14,988 of these examinees were citizens of Central Asia, a number which grew to 22,565 in TY 2007. However, only two countries in Central Asia made the top 10—India and Pakistan.

When taking the GMAT exam, examinees have the option to submit their score (through a score report) to up to five schools/programs at no charge. Once examinees leave the test center, additional copies of their score report are available for a fee. Up to 10 instances of score report data are stored for every test taken.

Score reports were aggregated and grouped by school location for both TY 2003 and TY 2007. The address given at the time of test registration was used to group examinees into two regional categories: Asia and Central Asia. (See Appendix B for complete descriptions.) Country of citizenship and score reporting behavior are used to gauge regional trends and changes in examinee preferences regarding school locations. The top 10 schools (by score report volume) for each of the top citizenship groups are listed for the two years studied to further reveal changes.

Geographic data gathered for TY 2003 and TY 2007 include mailing address at time of registration and country of citizenship. The countries/regions in Asia with the greatest number of citizens sitting for the GMAT exam were analyzed.

The data used takes into account tests taken, not individual test takers. Any examinees who took the test more than once are represented in the analyses by the number of times they took the test, and the average percentage of tests taken by repeat examinees is approximately 15–22%. Furthermore, the results presented in this report are generalizations that will not apply to every student. Location preferences vary from individual to individual, and circumstances unobservable to researchers also help determine location decisions (Kodrzycki, 2001).

Because the people of Hong Kong are now included in the “China” citizenship category, Hong Kong is no longer available as a separate citizenship category for the most recent data, and the Hong Kong citizenship category was collapsed into the “China” citizenship category for TY 2003, as well.

Due to a change in program classifications, such as specifics on full-time versus part-time, more detailed program breakdowns are available for TY 2007 than for TY 2003. Throughout this report, school names followed by “MBA” indicate full-time programs unless otherwise specified.

GMAT score-sending trends are used to indicate interest in studying in a particular region. However, care should be taken when generalizing results, as other factors, such as changes in application requirements by schools, influence the trends. It is also important to note when reviewing these results that it is not mandatory for examinees to respond to the background information questions (BIQ) in order to register for the GMAT exam. As a result, not all test takers are represented in this analysis. However, the percentage of “missing” or unreported BIQ information is extremely low.

LOCATION OF GMAT® EXAMINEES IN ASIA


Results

Location of GMAT® Examinees in Asia Table 1 lists the 20 countries/regions in Asia with the most residents sitting for the GMAT exam during testing years 2001 through 2007. However,

numerous test takers sit for the GMAT exam outside of their home country/region. Information about the 20 countries/regions in Asia with the highest number of citizens sitting for the GMAT exam during testing years 2001 through 2007 is available in the Appendix.

Table 1: GMAT® Tests Taken in Asia by Location – Top 20* Countries (TY 2001 to TY 2007)

Rank TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

1. India 6,088 7,552 7,824 6,137 7,206 9,270 13,324

2. China 5,484 8,642 7,073 4,610 4,040 5,299 7,663

3. South Korea 6,467 6,664 5,861 5,278 5,513 5,758 5,459

4. Taiwan 3,235 3,290 3,551 3,362 4,074 4,303 4,187

5. Japan 6,932 6,631 4,822 4,070 3,594 3,506 3,034

6. Hong Kong 3,075 3,333 2,389 1,760 1,683 1,634 1,886

7. Singapore 1,777 1,894 1,476 1,228 1,190 1,434 1,841

8. Thailand 1,516 1,360 1,407 1,258 1,397 1,491 1,470

9. Pakistan 584 566 574 551 483 525 521

10. Indonesia 874 631 697 457 316 303 422

11. Philippines 352 312 290 257 250 256 266

12. Vietnam 108 195 277 264 275 227 254

13. Malaysia 351 349 305 198 195 194 217

14. Nepal 50 73 79 106 93 131 152

15. Kazakhstan 74 100 80 49 82 115 136

16. Bangladesh 195 134 137 81 108 67 73

17. Sri Lanka 61 50 59 37 43 68 61

18. Uzbekistan 60 69 73 72 25 41 53

19. Macau (S.A.R. of China) 12 15 10 13 11 23 24

20. Mongolia 14 13 12 10 10 13 22

Total 37,309 41,873 36,996 29,798 30,588 34,658 41,065

Over the five-year study period, there was considerable change among the countries/regions listed—some rose dramatically on the top 20 list while others dropped sharply.

• In TY 2007, the number of tests taken in the top 20 countries in Asia neared the peak recorded in TY 2002. GMAT testing in these areas decreased significantly in TY 2003 and TY 2004, but testing has gradually increased

each year since. Fourteen countries on the list experienced an increase compared with TY 2006.

• Throughout the period, India remained the top country for GMAT testing in Asia with a 70% increase in tests taken by residents of India during the period studied.



• China moved from third to second place, with an 8% increase in tests taken there from TY 2003 to TY 2007.

• Singapore also made notable gains, rising from eighth to seventh place in the rankings with a 25% increase in tests taken from TY 2003 to TY 2007.

• Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, and Malaysia experienced the greatest declines in tests taken by residents during the period studied, at -47%, -39%, -37%, and -29%, respectively.

Table 1 shows that among GMAT examinees with an Asian address, the greatest concentrations of exams at the country/region level were taken in

India, China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Although a significantly higher percentage of tests were taken in East Asia and South Asia compared with Central Asia during the period studied, this trend is beginning to change. In TY 2003, 23.8% of the 37,112 tests taken in Asia were taken in Central Asia. This percentage increased to 34.8% of the 41,125 tests taken in TY 2007. Figures 1 and 2 display the number of GMAT tests taken by location in Asia over the two testing years studied. This includes all examinees residing in Asia at the time of their test.

Figure 1: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location in Asia – Testing Year 2003



Figure 2: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location in Asia – Testing Year 2007

Country Gains and Losses Table 2 displays score report volume for the top 10 countries/regions in Asia to which all GMAT examinees sent score reports from TY 2001 to TY 2007. This table gives a perspective of the demand for schools located in Asia and how that demand has changed over the years. Though many of the top 10 countries have remained the same, the

rankings for some countries have shifted during the time period studied. India, Singapore, the Philippines, and China made the greatest gains. However, it is worth noting that the significant increase in the number of score reports received by Indian schools is primarily a result of scores being sent by citizens of India—98% of the score reports received in India in TY 2007 were sent by citizens of India.

COUNTRY GAINS AND LOSSES


Table 2: Top 10* Countries in Asia to which GMAT® Examinees Sent Score Reports (TY 2001 to TY 2007)

Rank** TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

1. India 1,395 1,941 2,683 3,117 5,064 6,896 11,484

2. Singapore 2,332 2,966 2,754 2,696 3,074 4,505 6,752

3. Hong Kong 4,240 5,320 4,235 3,170 3,409 3,182 3,933

4. China 413 1,757 1,771 1,533 1,365 1,892 2,144

5. Philippines 229 232 313 337 384 1,094 827

6. Japan 461 620 635 571 575 690 663

7. Thailand 217 357 332 382 467 393 335

8. Pakistan 544 333 409 428 320 244 162

9. Korea 37 113 146 136 145 146 89

10. Taiwan N/A N/A N/A 69 99 100 62

Total Score Reports Sent to All Countries 607,884 742,721 681,042 596,768 567,004 601,242 655,506

Average # of schools to which examinees sent scores 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0

* Based on number of score reports received; **Countries ranked based on TY 2007 volume; N/A indicates the percentages are too small to identify clear preferences.

In order to identify potential regional preferences, the 10 countries/regions in Asia with the highest number of GMAT examinees in TY 2003 and TY 2007 were also analyzed by citizenship. Table 3 shows a comparison of the 10 countries/regions with the most score report submissions from Asian citizens in each year. The table shows the percentage

of score reports received per country, the total number of score reports sent, and the average number of GMAT score reports sent per examinee. Increases in the total number of scores sent are primarily due to more exams taken by citizens of India from TY 2003 to TY 2007.

Table 3: Top 10* Countries to which Asian Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. United States 77.45% 1. United States 73.43%

2. Canada 6.97% 2. India 5.62%

3. United Kingdom 4.67% 3. United Kingdom 5.38%

4. France 1.88% 4. Canada 3.35%

5. Hong Kong 1.82% 5. Singapore 3.19%

6. India 1.39% 6. France 2.84%

7. Singapore 1.38% 7. Hong Kong 1.71%

8. China 0.88% 8. China 0.88%

9. Australia 0.84% 9. Australia 0.87%

10. The Netherlands 0.52% 10. Switzerland 0.47%

Total N 183,661 Total N 201,289

*Based on number of score reports received; Average score reports sent per examinee: 3.5 in TY 2003; 3.6 in TY 2007.



Overall, test report submissions for citizens of Asia suggest that, while the United States continues to rank first in terms of score-reporting volume, there has been increased interest in studying closer to home and in Europe during the period studied. The United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Australia all retained their placement in the rankings from TY 2003 to TY 2007. India and Singapore

moved up in TY 2007, and Switzerland debuted in tenth place. Meanwhile, three countries/regions, including Canada and Hong Kong, moved down in the rankings. Table 4 contains information similar to that contained in Table 2 but presented here in terms of the amount of Asian market share gained or lost by the top 10 countries/regions from TY 2003 to TY 2007.

Table 4: Top 10* Countries to which Asian Citizens Sent Score Reports – Gain/Loss from TY 2003 to TY 2007

Rank by Scores Sent Scores Sent

in 2003 Scores Sent

in 2007 Gain/Loss in Market Share

1. United States 142,249 147,810 –4.02%

2. India 2,557 11,305 4.23%

3. United Kingdom 8,581 10,830 0.71%

4. Canada 12,810 6,734 –3.62%

5. Singapore 2,530 6,416 1.81%

6. France 3,449 5,719 0.96%

7. Hong Kong 3,337 3,439 –0.11%

8. China 1,613 1,776 0.00%

9. Australia 1,539 1,757 0.03%

10. Switzerland 600 946 N/A

Total Score Reports Sent 183,661 201,289 —

*Based on number of score reports received.

Table 5 displays the top 10 schools by score report volume for all examinees during the period studied. The number of score reports received by the top 10 schools range from more than 6,000 for the highest ranked to approximately 2,300. In TY 2007, Indian School of Business received the most score reports from Asian citizens. Eight of the top 10 schools in TY 2003 remained in the top 10 for TY 2007, although most shifted among the rankings. Of the

two newcomers, the Indian School of Business debuted in first place in TY 2007, and INSEAD debuted in eighth place. These two schools were the only non-U.S. schools to make the list. The majority of the 10 most popular schools among citizens of Asia are top-tier U.S. schools located in the northeastern or midwestern United States. Stanford University is the only U.S. school in the top 10 for TY 2007 that is located in the western United States.



Table 5: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Asian Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. Harvard University MBA 1. Indian School of Business Post-Grad Program in Management

2. University of Pennsylvania MBA 2. University of Pennsylvania MBA

3. Stanford University MBA 3. Harvard University MBA

4. Columbia University MBA 4. Stanford University MBA

5. Northwestern University MBA 5. Columbia University MBA

6. UC Berkeley MBA 6. New York University MBA

7. New York University MBA 7. Northwestern University MBA

8. University of Chicago MBA 8. INSEAD MBA

9. University of Texas at Austin MBA 9. University of Chicago MBA

10. MIT Sloan School of Management MBA 10. MIT Sloan School of Management MBA


Subsequent tables in this report provide analysis of score-reporting behavior for the 10 groups in Asia that sat for the most GMAT exams in TY 2007—citizens of India, China, South Korea, Taiwan (SAR of China), Japan, Thailand, Pakistan, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam—plus the top countries/regions for these groups and the top schools to which respective citizens of these countries/regions sent score reports in TY 2003 and TY 2007.

Trends by GMAT exams taken within each country/region and by citizenship are presented, as well.

Findings by Indian Citizenship Indian schools attracted almost 12% of their domestic pool in TY 2007, gathering an increase of more than 7% of the overall pool compared with TY 2003. The percentage of GMAT score reports sent by Indian citizens to U.S. schools decreased by 13.37% during that time, while the percentage of score reports sent to Indian schools nearly tripled. The percentage of score reports sent to European schools also increased from 7.51% in TY 2003 to 10.96% in TY 2007. It is important for schools to note that while the applicant pool from India has increased, as illustrated by both the average number of score reports sent and the data presented in Figure 3, the United States has lost market share. India and Europe, meanwhile, have gained market share.

FINDINGS BY INDIAN CITIZENSHIP


Table 6: Top 10* Countries to which Indian Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007


2. United Kingdom 4.62% 2. India 11.73%

3. Canada 4.05% 3. United Kingdom 6.50%

4. India 4.01% 4. Singapore 3.96%

5. France 2.09% 5. France 3.21%

6. Singapore 1.40% 6. Canada 2.85%


8. Switzerland 0.43% 8. Philippines 0.74%

9. Philippines 0.39% 9. Switzerland 0.73%

10. The Netherlands 0.37% 10. Spain 0.52%

Total N 63,403 Total N 96,217


Figure 3: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—India (TY 2001 to TY 2007)

GMAT® Exams by Citizenship and LocationTesting Years 2001 - 2007

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

INDIA LOCATION INDIA CITIZENSHIP

As shown in Table 7, Indian School of Business received the most score reports from Indian citizens during the period studied. Indian School of Business was the only school located in India to make the rankings in both testing years. National University of Singapore and INSEAD debuted in the rankings in TY 2007 in fourth and fifth place, respectively.

The majority of schools in the rankings for both testing years are U.S. schools, but fewer U.S. schools appear in the rankings in TY 2007 than in TY 2003. The number of score reports received by the top 10 schools ranged from more than 6,000 for the highest ranked to 990.

FINDINGS BY CHINESE CITIZENSHIP


Table 7: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Indian Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. Indian School of Business 1. Indian School of Business Post-Grad Program in Management

2. Harvard University MBA 2. University of Pennsylvania MBA

3. University of Pennsylvania MBA 3. Harvard University MBA

4. Northwestern University 4. National University of Singapore MBA

5. Stanford University MBA 5. INSEAD MBA

6. London Business School 6. Stanford University MBA

7. University of Chicago MBA 7. Northwestern University MBA

8. Columbia University MBA 8. London Business School MBA

9. New York University MBA 9. Columbia University MBA

10. MIT Sloan School of Management MBA 10. University of Chicago MBA


Findings by Chinese Citizenship Whereas TY 2003 marked the first dip after TY 2002—a record year for GMAT testing and score reports sent, especially among Chinese citizens—TY 2007 may mark the beginning of a pronounced upswing. Meanwhile, the percentage distribution among the top 10 countries for Chinese citizens remained relatively unchanged with a few notable exceptions—the percentage of score reports received by Canadian schools decreased by over 9% in TY 2007 from the percentage they received in

TY 2003—and U.S. schools gained nearly the entire market share that Canada lost. Schools in China and Hong Kong attracted nearly 9% of their domestic pool in TY 2007, with a slight increase over TY 2003 driven by schools in Hong Kong. Table 8 shows that interest in studying in the United States, Hong Kong, Singapore, France, and Germany grew among Chinese citizens during the period studied. In addition to the drop noted for Canada, there were decreases in the number of scores sent to schools in China and the United Kingdom.

Table 8: Top 10* Countries to which Chinese Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007


2. Canada 15.11% 2. Hong Kong 6.15%

3. Hong Kong 5.88% 3. Canada 5.93%


5. China 2.93% 5. France 2.97%

6. France 1.91% 6. China 2.81%

7. Singapore 0.95% 7. Singapore 1.39%


9. The Netherlands 0.48% 9. The Netherlands 0.24%

10. Belgium 0.40% 10. Germany 0.18%



FINDINGS BY CHINESE CITIZENSHIP


Figure 4: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—China (TY 2001 to TY 2007)


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

CHINA LOCATION CHINA CITIZENSHIP

The University of Pennsylvania moved up in the rankings in TY 2007, replacing Harvard Business School as the top school/program to receive score reports from Chinese citizens. Although two schools located in China and Hong Kong were ranked in TY 2003, none were ranked in TY 2007. Meanwhile, Columbia University moved up in the rankings from sixth to third place in TY 2007, and

several other U.S. schools, such as New York University and Yale University, debuted in TY 2007. Canadian schools dropped from three appearances in the top 10 in TY 2003 to none in TY 2007. The number of score reports received from Chinese citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from 1,300 for the highest ranked to 480.

Table 9: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Chinese Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. Harvard University MBA 1. University of Pennsylvania MBA

2. University of Toronto MBA 2. Harvard University MBA

3. University of Pennsylvania MBA 3. Columbia University MBA

4. Stanford University MBA 4. Stanford University MBA

5. China Europe International Business School (CEIBS) 5. New York University MBA

6. Columbia University MBA 6. Yale University MBA

7. York University 7. MIT Sloan School of Management MBA

8. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 8. University of Chicago MBA

9. University of Western Ontario MBA 9. UC Los Angeles (UCLA) MBA

10. University of Chicago MBA 10. UC Berkeley MBA


FINDINGS BY SOUTH KOREAN CITIZENSHIP


Findings by South Korean Citizenship Score-reporting volume indicates that the United States remains the top choice among citizens of South Korea taking the GMAT exam. However, the percentage of score reports sent to European schools did increase from 4.75% to 5.84% during

the time period studied. There also appears to be increased interest in studying closer to home, with China and Singapore debuting in fourth and ninth place, respectively, in TY 2007. South Korean citizens and Japanese citizens sent fewer score reports on average, compared with other Asian citizenship groups in both years.

Table 10: Top 10* Countries to which South Korean Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007



3. United Kingdom 2.47% 3. France 2.07%

4. France 1.27% 4. China 1.18%

5. Korea 0.91% 5. Canada 1.00%

6. Switzerland 0.40% 6. Korea 0.47%

7. The Netherlands 0.32% 7. Switzerland 0.33%

8. Hong Kong 0.16% 8. Spain 0.29%

8. Spain 0.16% 9. Singapore 0.27%

9. Australia/Germany 0.13% 10. Hong Kong 0.24%



Figure 5: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—South Korea (TY 2001 to TY 2007)


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

SOUTH KOREA LOCATION SOUTH KOREA CITIZENSHIP

FINDINGS BY SOUTH KOREAN CITIZENSHIP


The top school for South Korean citizens in both testing years studied was the University of Pennsylvania (Wharton). All of the top 10 schools/programs for citizens of South Korea in both testing years are U.S. schools, and nine of the schools appear on the list for both years, although the order did change. The University of Chicago replaced the University of Texas at Austin as tenth in the list for TY 2007. The majority of schools

preferred by Korean citizens are located in the northeastern or western United States. Stanford University and the University of California Berkeley are the only schools located in the western United States to make the top 10. The number of score reports received from Korean citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from 570 for the highest ranked to 290.

Table 11: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which South Korean Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007


2. Harvard University MBA 2. Columbia University MBA

3. Columbia University MBA 3. MIT Sloan School of Management MBA

4. UC Berkeley MBA Full-Time 4. Stanford University MBA

5. New York University MBA 5. Harvard University MBA

5. Stanford University MBA 6. New York University MBA

6. Northwestern University 7. Northwestern University MBA

7. MIT Sloan School of Management 8. UC Berkeley MBA

8. University of Michigan Ann Arbor MBA/MAcc 9. University of Michigan MBA

9. University of Texas at Austin 10. University of Chicago MBA


Findings by Taiwanese Citizenship Taiwan retained its ranking as the number 10 country/region to which citizens of Taiwan sent GMAT score reports in TY 2007, receiving 0.18% of their score reports. China and Hong Kong debuted in seventh place and ninth place in

TY 2007, respectively. Overall, the percentage of score reports sent to Asian schools increased during the period studied. Although the percentage of score reports sent to schools located in Europe increased slightly, only four European countries made the list in TY 2007, compared with seven in TY 2003.

FINDINGS BY TAIWANESE CITIZENSHIP


Table 12: Top 10* Countries to which Taiwanese Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007



3. Canada 1.42% 3. France 0.91%

4. France 0.68% 4. Canada 0.90%


6. Armenia 0.15% 6. Spain 0.42%

7. Germany 0.14% 7. China 0.34%

8. Australia 0.11% 8. Japan 0.29%

9. Japan 0.10% 9. Hong Kong 0.27%

10. Belgium/Switzerland/Taiwan 0.08% 10. Taiwan 0.18%



Figure 6: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—Taiwan (TY 2001 to TY 2007)


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

TAIWAN LOCATION TAIWAN CITIZENSHIP

The top business school among Taiwanese citizens in TY 2007 was New York University, a U.S. school that ranked eighth for the group in TY 2003. Only one other U.S. school/program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), moved up in the rankings from TY 2003 to TY 2007. Although all of the top 10 schools for citizens of Taiwan in both testing years are U.S. schools, the majority of the schools/programs on the list in TY 2007 are new to

the rankings. In general, Taiwanese citizens appear to be more diverse in their choice of school locations within the United States compared with other Asian groups studied. Many sent their GMAT score reports to schools located in the western region of the United States, followed by schools in the Northeast. The number of score reports received from Taiwanese citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from 380 for the highest ranked to 170.

FINDINGS BY JAPANESE CITIZENSHIP


Table 13: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Taiwanese Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. San Francisco State University 1. New York University MBA

2. UC Berkeley MBA MBA 2. UC Los Angeles (UCLA) MBA

3. UC Los Angeles (UCLA) 3. UC Berkeley MBA

4. University of Illinois Urbana 4. Columbia University MBA

5. City University New York Baruch MBA & MS 5. University of Southern California MBA

6. San Diego State University MBA 6. Boston University MBA

7. SUNY University at Buffalo MBA 6. University of Illinois Urbana MBA

8. New York University MBA 7. Stanford University MBA

9. The University of Texas at Dallas 8. University of Pennsylvania MBA

10. The University of Texas at Austin 9. UC Irvine MBA


Findings by Japanese Citizenship The number of GMAT exams taken by Japanese citizens decreased by 37% from TY 2003 to TY 2007. However, Japanese schools gained market share during that time, attracting nearly 3% of their domestic pool in TY 2007. The top five countries—the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Japan—remained the same for this group from TY 2003 to TY 2007. However, the

percentage of score reports sent to U.S. schools declined by approximately five points for Japanese citizens during the period studied, while the percentage of reports sent to European schools increased by 6.38 points. Two Asian countries, Singapore and Hong Kong, debuted on the list in TY 2007. The number of score reports received from Japanese citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from 340 for the highest ranked to 140.

Table 14: Top 10* Countries to which Japanese Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007



3. France 3.52% 3. France 7.42%

4. Japan 2.01% 4. Japan 2.68%

5. Canada 1.95% 5. Canada 1.58%

6. The Netherlands 0.89% 6. Spain 1.33%

7. Switzerland 0.70% 7. The Netherlands 0.90%

8. Spain 0.40% 8. Switzerland 0.82%

9. Ireland 0.37% 9. Singapore 0.72%

10. Australia 0.36% 10. Hong Kong 0.53%



FINDINGS BY JAPANESE CITIZENSHIP


Figure 7: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—Japan (TY 2001 to TY 2007)


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

JAPAN LOCATION JAPAN CITIZENSHIP U.S. schools account for nine of the top 10 schools by score reports received for Japanese citizens, but fewer score reports were sent to U.S. schools in TY 2007 compared with TY 2003. UC Berkeley retained its first-place ranking during the period studied. London Business School, which is located

in the United Kingdom and is the only non-U.S. school to place in the top 10, was ranked tenth in both testing years. In TY 2007, the schools preferred by Japanese citizens are almost evenly split in the northeastern, western, or midwestern United States.

Table 15: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Japanese Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. UC Berkeley MBA 1. UC Berkeley MBA

2. Northwestern University 2. Stanford University MBA

3. Columbia University MBA 3. Columbia University MBA

4. Stanford University MBA 4. UC Los Angeles (UCLA) MBA


6. Harvard University MBA 6. Harvard University MBA

7. UC Los Angeles (UCLA) 7. University of Michigan MBA

8. University of Michigan Ann Arbor MBA/MAcc 8. Northwestern University MBA

9. MIT Sloan School of Management MBA 9. MIT Sloan School of Management MBA

10. London Business School 10. London Business School MBA


FINDINGS BY THAI CITIZENSHIP


Findings by Thai Citizenship GMAT-using schools in Thailand attracted more than 4% of their domestic pool in TY 2007, and there appears to be increased interest from citizens of Thailand in studying in other parts of Asia, with China and Singapore debuting in ninth and tenth place, respectively, in TY 2007. Also, there was a minor decrease in the percentage of GMAT score

reports sent to U.S. schools. Although the top five school locations by score report volume have not changed from TY 2003 to TY 2007 among Thai citizens, the rankings of some countries have. The percentage of score reports sent to schools in Europe have increased slightly during the time period studied, whereas the opposite has occurred in Canada.

Table 16: Top 10* Countries to which Thai Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007


2. Thailand 3.93% 2. Thailand 4.29%


4. United Kingdom 2.65% 4. Canada 0.86%

5. France 0.63% 5. France 0.70%

6. Germany 0.54% 6. Australia 0.68%

7. Australia 0.52% 7. The Netherlands 0.50%

8. Japan 0.31% 8. Japan 0.47%

9. The Netherlands 0.28% 9. China 0.42%

10. N/A N/A 10. Singapore 0.39%


*Based on number of score reports received; Average score reports sent per examinee: 3.1 in TY 2003; 3.2 in TY 2007; N/A indicates the percentages distributed among remaining countries are too small to identify clear preferences

Figure 8: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—Thailand (TY 2001 to TY 2007)


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

THAILAND LOCATION THAILAND CITIZENSHIP

FINDINGS BY THAI CITIZENSHIP


Chulalongkorn University received the most GMAT score reports from Thai citizens in both TY 2003 and TY 2007. Chulalongkorn University was also the only Thai university to make the rankings in either year. All other schools in the top 10 for Thai citizens were U.S. schools/programs. The majority of the U.S. schools on the list in TY 2007 were located in the northeastern United States. In TY 2003, the majority of score reports were sent

to schools located in the western United States. Many of the schools/programs selected by Thai citizens in TY 2007 are new to the rankings, a school selection pattern similar to that of examinees living in Thailand. The number of score reports received from Thai citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from more than 200 for the highest ranked to 75.

Table 17: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Thai Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. Chulalongkorn University 1. Chulalongkorn University MBA

2. San Francisco State University 2. UC Berkeley MBA

3. San Diego State University Full-Time MBA 3. Columbia University MBA

4. California State University, Long Beach 4. Northwestern University MBA

5. UC Berkeley MBA 5. San Francisco State University MBA

6. University of Illinois Urbana 6. New York University MBA

7. California State University, Fullerton 7. UC Los Angeles (UCLA) MBA

8. California State University, Los Angeles 7. MIT Sloan School of Management MBA

9. Northwestern University 8. University of Pennsylvania MBA

10. University of Southern California, MBA 9. University of Illinois Urbana MBA


Findings by Pakistani Citizenship GMAT-using schools in Pakistan attracted slightly more than 4% of their domestic pool in TY 2007, which is less than half of the percentage received in TY 2003. Canadian schools also moved down in the rankings for the group. Instead, citizens of Pakistan chose to send more score reports to schools located

elsewhere abroad. Schools located in Europe saw the most gains, with the percentage of score reports sent there by Pakistani citizens increasing from 10.02% to 17.35% from TY 2003 to TY 2007. Singapore also experienced a pronounced change: the percentage of GMAT score reports sent to Singapore by citizens of Pakistan more than tripled during the time period studied.

FINDINGS BY PAKISTANI CITIZENSHIP


Table 18: Top 10* Countries to which Pakistani Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007



3. Pakistan 8.96% 3. Canada 13.74%

4. United Kingdom 8.39% 4. Pakistan 4.28%

5. France 1.63% 5. France 2.15%


7. Singapore 0.41% 7. Singapore 1.43%

8. N/A N/A 8. Spain 0.34%

9. N/A N/A 9. N/A N/A

10. N/A N/A 10. N/A N/A


*Based on number of score reports received; Average score reports sent per examinee: 3.5 in TY 2002; 3.2 in TY 2006; N/A indicates the percentages distributed among remaining countries are too small to identify clear preferences.

Figure 9: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—Pakistan (TY 2001 to TY 2007)


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

PAKISTAN LOCATION PAKISTAN CITIZENSHIP

The top school among Pakistani citizens remained consistent from TY 2003 to TY 2007—Lahore University of Management Sciences. This top school is also the only school located in Pakistan to make the list during the period studied. Two of the top 10 schools in TY 2007 are Canadian schools—one fewer than in TY 2003. Three of the top 10 schools

to make the list in TY 2007 were located in the United Kingdom, two of which were new to the rankings. The majority of the U.S. schools to make the list are located in the northeastern United States. The number of score reports received from Pakistani citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from 260 for the highest ranked to 45.

FINDINGS BY SINGAPORE CITIZENSHIP


Table 19: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Pakistani Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. Lahore University of Management Sciences 1. Lahore University of Management Sciences MBA

2. Harvard University MBA 2. Harvard University MBA

3. University of Toronto MBA 3. University of Toronto MBA Two-Year

4. University of Pennsylvania MBA 3. Stanford University MBA

5. McGill University MBA 4. London Business School MBA

6. York University 5. University of Pennsylvania MBA

7. London Business School 6. Columbia University MBA

7. Stanford University MBA 7. York University MBA

8. Columbia University MBA 8. London School of Economics & Political Science

All LSE Programmes

9. New York University MBA 9. University of Oxford MBA


Findings by Singapore Citizenship GMAT-using schools in Singapore attracted more than 40% of their domestic pool in TY 2007—nearly doubling the percentage they attracted in TY 2003. As Singapore moved up in the list during the time period to become number one on the list, many of the top 10 countries for this group experienced a decrease in score reports received. U.S. schools, which now receive the second-highest

percentage of score reports from Singapore citizens, saw a decline of 14%, greatly narrowing the gap between the top two countries. European schools experienced a smaller decrease of 2.50% in the percentage of score reports received from Singapore citizens in TY 2007 compared with TY 2003. More score reports were sent to Asian schools, with China and the Philippines debuting in ninth and tenth place, respectively, in TY 2007.

Table 20: Top 10* Countries to which Singapore Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. United States 52.45% 1. Singapore 42.71%

2. Singapore 23.54% 2. United States 38.44%


4. France 4.64% 4. France 5.59%


6. Canada 3.79% 6. Switzerland 0.90%

7. Germany 0.91% 7. Hong Kong 0.83%

8. Hong Kong 0.65% 8. Canada 0.80%

9. Switzerland 0.32% 9. China 0.73%

10. N/A N/A 10. Philippines 0.69%



FINDINGS BY SINGAPORE CITIZENSHIP


Figure 10: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—Singapore (TY 2001 to TY 2007)


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

SINGAPORE LOCATION SINGAPORE CITIZENSHIP

Three programs offered by the National University of Singapore were ranked among the top 10 school/programs to which citizens of Singapore sent score reports in TY 2007, including their part-time MBA program, which was ranked first. Nanyang Technological University, also located in Singapore, had two of its programs make the rankings in TY 2007—their part-time MBA program ranked second and their Masters of Science in Financial Engineering moved up to eighth. Additionally, both universities’ Financial Engineering programs offer either a double degree

or a program collaboration with a U.S. school. The number of schools/programs in Singapore to make the rankings increased from four to six from TY 2003 to TY 2007, with four in the top five. INSEAD, which previously held the third position and is the only European school to make the list, moved down to fifth. Only three U.S. business schools made the list in TY 2007, two of which are located in the northeastern United States. The number of score reports received from Singapore citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from more than 275 for the highest ranked to 80.

Table 21: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Singapore Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. National University of Singapore MBA 1. National University of Singapore MBA Part-Time

2. Nanyang Technological University MBA 2. Nanyang Technological University MBA Part-Time

3. INSEAD MBA 3. National University of Singapore MSc in Financial Engineering

4. Harvard University MBA 4. Singapore Management University MSc in Applied Finance

5. University of Pennsylvania MBA 5. INSEAD MBA

6. Singapore Management University 6. Harvard University MBA

7. Stanford University MBA 7. University of Pennsylvania MBA

8. Columbia University MBA 8. Nanyang Technological Univ. MSc in Financial Engineering

9. Nanyang Technological Univ. MSc 9. Stanford University MBA

10. University of Chicago MBA 10. National University of Singapore MBA

FINDINGS BY INDONESIAN CITIZENSHIP


Findings by Indonesian Citizenship The total number of GMAT exams taken by Indonesian citizens decreased dramatically over the period studied, but it appears to be slowly rebounding. The percentage of score reports sent to schools in Asia by Indonesian citizens more than doubled during the period studied, primarily due to an increase in the percentage of scores sent to Singapore. Additionally, China debuted in ninth

place in TY 2007. Although Asian schools have been experiencing increases, many countries during the time period experienced a decline in the percentage of score reports received from citizens of Indonesia. Schools located in Australia, Canada, Europe, and the United States received a lower percentage of score reports from Indonesian citizens in TY 2007, perhaps indicating increased interest among these examinees to study closer to home.

Table 22: Top 10* Countries to which Indonesian Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007


2. Australia 4.39% 2. Singapore 8.43%

3. Canada 3.82% 3. Australia 3.08%

4. The Netherlands 3.72% 4. United Kingdom 2.47%

5. Singapore 3.37% 5. France 2.44%


7. Germany 1.32% 7. The Netherlands 1.66%

8. France 0.89% 8. Japan 1.15%

9. Japan 0.73% 9. China 0.51%

10. Belgium 0.46% 10. N/A N/A



FINDINGS BY INDONESIAN CITIZENSHIP


Figure 11: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—Indonesia (TY 2001 to TY 2007)


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

INDONESIA LOCATION INDONESIA CITIZENSHIP

UC Los Angeles (UCLA) made significant gains in the rankings from TY 2003 to TY 2007 to become number one among Indonesian citizens. Two Singapore schools also made the rankings— National University of Singapore ranked fourth and Nanyang Technological University debuted in sixth place in TY 2007. The University of Melbourne and INSEAD, which debuted in tenth place in TY 2007, were the only other non-U.S. schools in the

rankings. Many of the U.S. schools on the list were new in TY 2007, whereas Stanford and Harvard moved up in the rankings. In addition, among these U.S. universities, it appears there is a preference for schools located in the western and northeastern United States. The number of score reports received from Indonesian citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from more than 80 for the highest ranked to 30.

Table 23: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Indonesian Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. San Francisco State University 1. UC Los Angeles (UCLA) MBA

2. UC Berkeley MBA Full-Time 2. Stanford University MBA

3. National University of Singapore MBA 3. Harvard University MBA

4. Stanford University MBA 4. National University of Singapore MBA

5. The University of Texas at Austin 5. UC Berkeley MBA

6. Harvard University MBA 6. Nanyang Technological University MBA

6. University of Melbourne 7. University of Pennsylvania MBA

7. California State University, Fullerton 8. Columbia University MBA

8. UC Los Angeles (UCLA) 9. University of Melbourne MBA

9. Northwestern University / San Diego State University MBA 10. INSEAD MBA / University of Chicago MBA


FINDINGS BY MALAYSIAN CITIZENSHIP


Findings by Malaysian Citizenship Although Malaysia ranked fourth in TY 2003 for Malaysian citizens, it does not appear in the top 10 list of GMAT score recipients in TY 2007. Every country/region in the top 10, with the exception of the United States and Hong Kong, experienced an increase in the percentage of GMAT score reports received from Malaysian citizens during the period studied. The percentage of score reports sent to Singapore from this group more than doubled—

increasing from 5.79% to 14.25% in TY 2007. During the period studied, there was a moderate decrease in the percentage of score reports sent to European schools. Canada and Australia each moved up in the rankings, with Canada making the greatest gains and moving from seventh to fifth. China debuted in seventh place in TY 2007. The United States maintained its first-place ranking among Malaysian citizens, but the percentage of score reports sent to the United States decreased by about 7% from TY 2003 to TY 2007.

Table 24: Top 10* Countries to which Malaysian Citizens Sent Their Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007


2. United Kingdom 11.63% 2. Singapore 14.25%

3. Singapore 5.79% 3. United Kingdom 11.91%

4. Malaysia 5.34% 4. Australia 4.68%

5. Australia 3.86% 5. Canada 4.21%

6. France 3.12% 6. France 3.75%

7. Canada 3.07% 7. China 1.14%

8. Hong Kong 1.29% 8. Hong Kong 0.87%

9. The Netherlands 0.69% 9. N/A N/A

10. Switzerland 0.54% 10. N/A N/A



FINDINGS BY MALAYSIAN CITIZENSHIP


Figure 12: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—Malaysia (TY 2001 to TY 2007)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007


MALAYSIA LOCATION MALAYSIA CITIZENSHIP

Consistent with TY 2003 data, no Malaysian schools appear in the top 10 for score reports received in TY 2007. Malaysian citizens instead have a diverse mixture of schools in their rankings, with one school located in Australia, two schools located in Singapore, two schools located in the United Kingdom, and one school located in France in

TY 2007. Stanford University made the biggest jump in the rankings to second place in TY 2007. The majority of the U.S. schools are located in the northwestern United States. The number of score reports received from Malaysian citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from around 85 for the highest ranked to 25.

Table 25: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Malaysian Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. University of Malaya 1. Harvard University MBA

2. Harvard University MBA 2. Stanford University MBA

2. London Business School 3. INSEAD MBA

3. INSEAD MBA 4. University of Pennsylvania MBA

4. University of Pennsylvania MBA 5. London Business School MBA

5. Stanford University MBA 6. Columbia University MBA

6. National University of Singapore MBA 7. National University of Singapore MBA, Part-Time

7. University of Chicago MBA 8. UC Berkeley MBA

8. Columbia University MBA 8. University of Oxford MBA

8. Nanyang Technological University MBA 9. Nanyang Technological University MBA/

National University of Singapore MBA

FINDINGS BY VIETNAMESE CITIZENSHIP


Findings by Vietnamese Citizenship According to score reporting volume, schools located within the United States are ranked first among Vietnamese students. However, the percentage of score reports sent to Asian schools nearly doubled during the period studied. Meanwhile, the percentage of score reports sent to

the United Kingdom increased as the overall percentage of score reports sent to European schools decreased for Vietnamese citizens from TY 2003 to TY 2007. Japan and Australia debuted on the list in sixth and seventh place, respectively. Vietnamese citizens and Indian citizens were the only two groups to send more score reports in TY 2007 than in TY 2003.

Table 26: Top 10* Countries to which Vietnamese Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007


2. Canada 3.35% 2. Singapore 3.76%

3. Singapore 2.45% 3. United Kingdom 2.65%



6. Belgium 0.90% 6. Japan 0.92%

7. N/A N/A 7. Australia 0.86%

8. N/A N/A 8. N/A N/A

9. N/A N/A 9. N/A N/A

10. N/A N/A 10. N/A N/A



Figure 13: GMAT® Tests Taken by Location and Citizenship—Vietnam (TY 2001 to TY 2007)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007


VIETNAM LOCATION VIETNAM CITIZENSHIP

FINDINGS BY VIETNAMESE CITIZENSHIP


Marshall University, which is located in the United States, debuted in first place in TY 2007 for Vietnamese citizens. The National University of Singapore, which is the only non-U.S. school to make the rankings for the group, moved up from eighth place in TY 2003 to tie with San Francisco State University for third place in TY 2007. The University of Houston Clear Lake had three

programs that made the list, including their Master’s of Science in Finance. Other than the top-ranked school, the majority of schools on the list are located primarily in the southwestern and western United States. The number of score reports received from Vietnamese citizens by the top 10 schools ranged from around 60 for the highest ranked to 15.

Table 27: Top 10* Schools/Programs to which Vietnamese Citizens Sent Score Reports

TY 2003 TY 2007

1. University of Houston Clear Lake 1. Marshall University MBA

2. Washington State University MBA/MTM 2. San Jose State University MBA

3. University of Houston Victoria 3. National University of Singapore MBA

4. California State University, Fullerton 3. San Francisco State University MBA

5. San Jose State University 4. University of Houston Clear Lake, MBA Part-Time

6. San Francisco State University 4. University of Houston Clear Lake MBA

7. California State University, Pomona 5. University of Houston Clear Lake, MSc in Finance

8. National University of Singapore 5. Stanford University MBA

9. California State University, Long Beach/ University of Houston University Park 5. UC Berkeley MBA

10. California State University, East Bay 6. San Diego State University MBA / UC Los Angeles

(UCLA) MBA

Discussion The data in this report show that as major shifts have occurred in where Asian students are sending their GMAT scores, definitive trends have emerged among certain countries/regions. Six of the top 11 countries in Asia gained market share from their domestic applicant pool over the period studied, ranging from slight increases to significant increases. Interest in Asian and European programs also rose for many countries from TY 2003 to TY 2007. Although many countries recorded decreased interest in schools within the United States, U.S. schools continue to hold many of the top positions based on score-report volume for the various citizenship groups studied in Asia.

Government initiatives and competitive job markets have also been affecting recent shifts in the global market place. More than 53,000 student visas were issued in China last year by the U.S. government—43% more than the previous year (Pak, 2008). In Canada, legislation recently passed that will make it easier for foreign students who graduate from qualifying educational institutions to get a work permit (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2008).

It is important to note that the number of satellite programs run by U.S. schools dramatically increased during the period studied. Unless an institution has a separate program code for its satellite campus, there is no way of knowing if a score report was sent with the intent to enroll in that institution’s main or satellite campus. Therefore, the desire to study close to home may be underestimated in this report.

DISCUSSION


Shifts outlined throughout this report toward studying in one’s own country and studying in Asia and Europe bode well for the perceived quality and reputation of those programs, including many that are relatively new to the business education arena in comparison with U.S. schools. As a result, U.S. schools interested in maintaining their position within these Asian countries should expect increasing competition.

Overall, these changes imply increased opportunities worldwide for programs interested in and capable of providing meaningful education opportunities for Asian students.

Author Johnette Peyton, Associate Director, Research, Graduate Management Admission Council®.

Contact Information For questions or comments regarding study findings, methodology or data, please contact the GMAC® Research and Development department at [email protected].

Acknowledgements Rachel Edgington, Director of Market Research and Analysis, GMAC, manuscript review; Veronica Sinz, Research Writer/Editor, GMAC, writing and editorial services.

References Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2008, April). Government of Canada introduces changes to work permits for

international students, making Canada more attractive for skilled individuals (News Release). Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Author. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from http://www.cic.gc.ca/ENGLISH/department/media/releases/2008/2008-04-21.asp.

Florida, R. (2004). America’s Looming Creativity Crisis. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 122–131.

Kodrzycki, Y.K. (2002, January/February). Migration of Recent College Graduates: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. New United Kingdom Economic Review, 13–35.

Pak, J. (2008). Overseas Education More Attainable for Chinese Students. Voice of America. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-04/2008-04-28-voa23.cfm.

APPENDIX


Appendix A: Top 20 Countries for Examinees of Asian Citizenship (TY 2001–TY 2007)

Table A-1: GMAT® Tests Taken by Asian Citizenship – Top 20* Countries (TY 2001 to TY 2007)

Rank TY 2001 TY 2002 TY 2003 TY 2004 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007

1. India 8,773 13,030 13,857 12,267 13,544 16,541 21,481

2. China 10,161 16,195 13,667 9,646 8,554 10,142 13,048

3. South Korea 5,097 7,480 7,196 6,453 6,511 6,977 6,811

4. Taiwan 3,477 4,395 4,699 4,203 5,032 5,401 5,218

5. Japan 7,380 7,580 5,637 4,679 4,168 3,858 3,417

6. Thailand 2,436 2,232 2,226 1,909 2,075 2,068 2,091

7. Singapore 1,398 1,423 1,057 866 889 979 1,154

8. Pakistan 893 963 1,131 1,081 1,020 1,077 1,084

9. Indonesia 1,685 1,521 1,388 1,051 910 760 981

10. Vietnam 211 368 443 449 436 434 516

11. Malaysia 744 823 729 528 508 464 505

12. Philippines 492 500 514 458 411 424 458

13. Nepal 92 175 201 224 261 367 389

14. Bangladesh 350 356 365 279 328 270 260

15. Kazakhstan 145 196 189 111 152 193 213

16. Sri Lanka 114 145 151 122 138 167 169

17. Uzbekistan 80 116 93 95 85 99 129

18. Mongolia 41 47 56 54 52 54 68

19. Myanmar (Burma) 61 50 45 53 34 47 50

20. Kyrgyzstan 36 54 63 28 33 45 39

Total 43,666 57,649 53,707 44,556 45,141 50,367 58,081

*By number of GMAT tests taken.

Appendix B: Regional Categories

ASIA Brunei Myanmar (Burma) Hong Kong Indonesia Japan Cambodia Korea, D.P.R. of (North)

Korea, Rep. of (South) Laos Macau (SAR of China) Malaysia Maldives Mongolia China, People’s Republic

Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam

CENTRAL ASIA Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India

Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Nepal Pakistan

Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan

Get Even More Data to Inform Your Decisions

Savvy graduate management education professionals use GMAC® research every day to make informed business decisions. Rich data offer customizable insights into key issues that affect your recruitment success. Detailed research reports track important trends in graduate management

admissions. Here are just three of the available resources:

1. The Profile of Graduate Management Admission Test Candidates is a rich source of significant demographic data about GMAT® examinees over the past five years. It’s ideal for gauging the size and characteristics of your business school’s potential applicant pool. The book can be used to find testing volume and mean GMAT Total scores by gender, undergraduate major, location, age group, citizenship, U.S. state, intended study pace, U.S. subgroup, and attending institution.

Free electronic copies of the Profile are available at www.gmac.com/GMATProfile.

2. The GMAC Survey Series comprises five annual or biannual surveys of individuals in the graduate management education industry. The surveys explore issues relevant to graduate management programs, prospective graduate business students, recent alumni, and corporate recruiters, offering data at various depths, depending on the desire of the user and the participation of the school. Survey reports not only provide an overview of the data, they give context for and implications of the research. These reports frequently help drive strategic decision-making processes in graduate business schools.

All survey reports are available free on the Web at www.gmac.com/surveys.

Contact [email protected] for more information on how to participate in these surveys or to request free print copies of the survey reports (while supplies last).

3. Geographic Trend Reports for GMAT Examinees compare score-sending patterns of examinees and their geographic and biographical data from the most recent testing year against data from four years earlier. First introduced as part of the Research Report Series, the Geographical Trends Reports were separated into their own series in response to requests for annual updates and specialized reports on individual regions, including Asia, Europe, and the United States.

Geographic Trend Reports are available free on the Web at www.gmac.com/GeographicTrends.

Which universities receive the most score reports from citizens of Japan?

Do testing trends by location differ from testing trends by citizenship?

Which citizens of Asia send the most score reports?

Find out the answers to these questions and many more with this publication.

By comparing the most recent GMAT® examinee data with historical data from four years prior, the Asian Geographic Trend Report is a vital resource for admissions officers looking to increase their international applicant pool. By identifying score-sending trends based on examinee citizenship, this report lets you track changes and identify global competition for your international recruitment efforts. This data, in conjunction with the Profile of Graduate Management Admission Test Candidates and GMAT Interactive Profile, can help your school plan more effective recruitment and admission activities.

If you find this Asian Geographic Trend Report helpful, you may want to explore other geographic trend reports and research publications available from GMAC®, a global nonprofit organization of leading graduate business schools and the owner of the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®).

Go to www.gmac.com to learn more about:• World, European, and other Geographic Trend Reports

• The Profile of Graduate Management Admission Test Candidates and the GMAT® Interactive Profile

• The GMAC Survey Series: Application Trends Survey, MBA Alumni Perspectives Survey, mba.com Registrants Survey, Global MBA® Graduate Survey, and Corporate Recruiters Survey


1600 Tysons BoulevardSuite 1400McLean, Virginia 22102 USAwww.gmac.com www.mba.com

Documents

Geographic Trend Report for GMAT Examinees/media/Files/gmac/Research... · 2013-02-27 · changes in examinee preferences. Geographic Trend Reports were first introduced in 2005 as