General Psychology - Report

8/20/2019 General Psychology - Report

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FACTORS OF

GROWTH ANDDEVELOPMEN

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FACTORS OF GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT

Human development is thescientific study of changes people

undergo over time (Teh, 1999).

This can be of two kinds

(1) Quantitative (growth) ormeasurable changes as in


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FACTORS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

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PR

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DEVELOPMENT

() Qua!itative orgra"ua!, progressivechanges not directlymeasurable like motor,

language and cognitivechanges.


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FACTORS OF

GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMEN

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"aturation or unfolding

of man#s inherent traitsresulting from heredity.

$nvironmental influencesin and through which the

growing takes place.

These two factors areinterrelated, and it isimpossible to isolate theirspecific influences.

Two (%)general factorsinfluencehumandevelopment

namely


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DEVELOPMENT

$very individual hasdefinite potentialities

for developmentpassed on to him byhis parents throughheredity. Thesehereditary

potentialities for manykinds of behaviorpatterns continue todevelop for months oreven years.

. & child is not bornwith skills, emotional

control, or attitudes. 'tis only when his

inherited adaptablenervous and muscular

systems are given

proper stimulation at atime when they are

mature and ready thatsuch traits are learned

and developed.


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DEVELOPMENT

't is at this pointwhere education playsan important role in

the development of anindividual.


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SIGNIFICANT

FACTS ABOUTDEVELOPMENT


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SIGNIFICANT FACTS ABOUT

DEVELOPMENT

To comprehend some basicprinciples about development and

understand the pattern ofdevelopmental change that occursover the life cycle, certain significantfacts must be taken into

consideration


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SIGNIFICANT FACTS ABOUT DEVELOPMENT

1# Ear!$ %oun"ation& are'riti'a!# &ttitudes, habits, andpatterns of behavior establishedduring the early years to a largeetent determine howsuccessfully individuals willadust to life as they grow older.*ecause early foundations arelikely to be persistent, it isimportant that they be of thekind that will lead to good

personal and social adustmentsas the individuals grow older.Thus, +obert ulghum#s book AllI Really Need to Learn, I Learnedin Kindergarten reminds us ofthe importance of formative

education that influence, muchof who we are.



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SIGNIFICANT

FACTS ABOUT

DEVELOPMEN

T

-hen the individualreceives help and

guidance in making thechange

-hen the significantpeople treat individuals

in new and differentways

-hen there is a strongmotivation on the part

of individualsthemselves to make thechanges.

There arethree

conditionsunder whichsignificantchanges are

likely tooccur


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DEVELOPMENT

# aturation an" !earning !a$& an i*ortant ro!e in"eve!o*ent# "aturation is the unfolding of individual#sphysiological potentials. 'n phylogenetic functions, whichare common to the human race, such as creeping, sitting

and walkingdevelopment comes from maturation. /earningis development that comes from eercises and effort on thepart of the individual. /earning, in the form of training, is oflittle advantage, although controlling the environment toreduce the opportunities for practice may retard thedevelopment. "aturation provides the raw material forlearning and determines the more general patterns andse0uence of behavior. 'n ontogenetic functionsthose thatare specific to the individual, such as writing, driving a caror swimminglearning in the form of training is essential


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SIGNIFICANT

FACTS ABOUT

DEVELOPMEN

T

irst, because human beings arecapable of learning variation ispossible

econd, maturation sets limitsbeyond which development cannotoccur, even with the most favorablelearning methods and the strongestmotivation given to the learner.ailure may result from either

genetic or environmentaladversities that reduce the geneticpotentials for development.

Third, there is a definite 2timetable3 for learning. Theindividuals cannot learn unless

ready.

4evelopment readiness determinesthe moment when learning can andshould take place.

There are threeimportant facts

about theinterrelationshipsof maturation andlearning as thecause ofdevelopment.


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DEVELOPMENT

5nless environmental conditions preventit, development will follow a patternsimilar for all. There is no evidence for

individual pattern of development, thoughthere is evidence that the rate ofdevelopment varies from individual toindividual. The importance of this is that itmakes it possible to predict what peoplewill do at a given age and to plan theireducation and training to fit into thispattern.


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DEVELOPMENT

Deve!o*ent %o!!ow& an or"er!$ attern+ whi'h i&re"i'ta,!e# There are orderly patterns of physical,motor, speech, and intellectual development6 it may bethe

'eha!o'au"a!!aw which

upholds thatdevelopment

spreads fromthe head to

foot, and the

ro-i*o"i&*a!!aw which claimsthat developmentspreads outward

from the centralais of the body tothe etremities.

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General Psychology - Report