GCSE Geography A Paper 1 Foundation Question Papers June 2008folders.sirthomasboughey.staffs.sch.uk/easylink/intranet/stbh/... · June 2008 GEOGRAPHY (SPECIFICATION A ... • If you

General Certificate of Secondary EducationJune 2008

GEOGRAPHY (SPECIFICATION A) 3031/1FPaper 1FOUNDATION TIER FWednesday 4 June 2008 9.00 am to 10.45 am

Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

Instructions

• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.

• Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers

written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked.• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not

want to be marked.• If you need extra paper use the Supplementary Answer Sheets.

Information

• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.• You will be assessed on your ability to:

• present relevant information in a form and style that suits its purpose;

• ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation andgrammar are accurate;

• use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.• LEDC is a Less Economically Developed Country.• MEDC is a More Economically Developed Country.

3031/1FM/J3031/1F 6/6/6/6/

Surname Other Names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Candidate Signature

For Examiner’s Use

(JUN0830311F01)

For this paper you must have:

• the Ordnance Survey map extract (enclosed)

• the insert (enclosed).

You may use a calculator.

SECTION A SkillsAnswer ALL questions.

SECTION B People and the Natural EnvironmentAnswer THREE questions only.

For Examiner’s Use

Question Mark Question Mark

1 9

2 10

3

4

5

6

7

8

Total (Column 1)

Total (Column 2)

TOTAL

Examiner’s Initials

G159721_3031_1F_June_2008 16/1/08 15:50 Page 1

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SECTION A

Answer ALL questions in Section A.

1 Total for this question: 9 marks

1 Study Figure 1, the Ordnance Survey map extract of Lincoln in 2006.

1 (a) Name the settlement in grid square 0267.

.............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

1 (b) Give the direction from Washingborough (0270) to Bracebridge Heath (9867).

.............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

1 (c) Name the feature at grid reference 975719.

.............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

1 (d) Give the distance along the A158 from the level crossing at 052759 to the roundaboutat 005733.

......................... km(2 marks)

1 (e) Figure 2, opposite, is a partly completed sketch map of Lincoln.

Using Figure 1, complete Figure 2 by naming features X and Y.(2 marks)

1 (f) Explain how feature Y affects the shape of Lincoln.

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2 Areas outsidethe box will

not be scannedfor marking

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Figure 2

Turn over for the next question

Lincoln

BracebridgeHeath

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01

75

74

73

72

71

70

69

68

67

66

75

74

73

72

71

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66

NKey

Built-up areaEdge of built-up area

0 1 km

X.....................................

Y.....................................



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2 Study Figure 3, on the insert, an Ordnance Survey map extract of Lincoln in 1980, andFigure 1, the Ordnance Survey map extract of Lincoln in 2006.

2 (a) Name a service in Bracebridge Heath (9867) in 1980 that was no longer there in 2006.

.............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

2 (b) Grid squares 9571 and 9572 are outlined in Figure 3.Describe how the land use has changed in these squares between 1980 and 2006.

.............................................................................................................................................

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2 (c) Study Figure 4 which is a sketch map showing the built-up area of Birchwood (9369)in 2006.

Figure 4

92 93 94 95

92 93 94 9568

69

70

71

68

69

70

71

Built-up area1980Lakes

Roads

Edge of built-uparea 2006

KeyB1378

B1190



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2 (c) (i) On Figure 4, shade the built-up area of Birchwood in 1980.(2 marks)

2 (c) (ii) Describe how Birchwood has changed between 1980 and 2006.

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3 Study Figure 5 which shows the number of visitors to Lincoln Cathedral in a recent year.

Figure 5

3 (a) A bar graph could be drawn to present this information.Complete the vertical axis on the graph paper below.

(2 marks)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecMonth

DO NOT DRAWTHE BAR GRAPH

MonthNumber of Visitors

(000’s)

January 13

February 16

March 14

April 15

May 10

June 18

July 11

August 16

September 19

October 10

November 13

December 15



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3 (b) Describe the changes shown in Figure 5.

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END OF SECTION A

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SECTION B

Answer THREE questions only in Section B.

Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.

4 Tectonic Activity Total for this question: 15 marks

4 (a) Study Figure 6 which shows the distribution of volcanoes.

Figure 6

4 (a) (i) Tick the correct box to show whether each of the following statements about thedistribution of volcanoes is true or false.

True False

Volcanoes often occur in lines. � �Many volcanoes are found around the edge of thePacific Ocean. � �There are no volcanoes in Europe. � �

(3 marks)

Eurasian PlateNorth American Plate

MountSt Helens

Eurasian Plate

African Plate

Pacific PlateNazcaPlate

ArabianPlate

SouthAmerican

Plate

Antarctic Plate

Indo-Australian Plate

Volcano Plate boundaryKey:



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4 (a) (ii) The location of Mount St Helens, in the USA, is shown on Figure 6. Thisvolcano occurs at a compressional (destructive) plate boundary.

Figure 7 is a cross-section of a compressional (destructive) plate boundary.

Figure 7

Label Figure 7 to explain why volcanoes such as Mount St Helens occur atcompressional plate boundaries.Choose four correct labels from the list below.

Write the letter in the correct box.

A Magma moves towards the surface through a vent.

B Oceanic crust sinks below continental crust.

C Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust.

D Plates are moving apart.

E Friction and heat melt rock.(4 marks)

Question 4 continues on the next page

Sea

Direction of plate movementKey:



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4 (b) Study Figure 8, on the insert, which shows information about the area north of thecrater of Mount St Helens, an active volcano.

4 (b) (i) Give one physical and one human attraction shown on Figure 8.

Physical attraction .....................................................................................................

Human attraction .......................................................................................................(2 marks)

4 (b) (ii) Figure 8 lists the activities which are not allowed in the Restricted Area of Mount St Helens. For one of these activities, suggest why it is not allowed.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

4 (c) Earthquakes are another example of tectonic activity. Describe the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake.

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5 Rocks and Landscapes Total for this question: 15 marks

5 (a) Complete the sentences below to give the meaning of the different types of rocks.Choose the correct words from this list.

metamorphic sedimentary igneous

................................. rocks are formed by volcanic activity.

................................. rocks are formed by the compression of particles into layers.

................................. rocks have been changed by heat and pressure.(2 marks)

5 (b) Study Figure 9 which shows a chalk escarpment.

Figure 9

5 (b) (i) An escarpment has a scarp slope and a dip slope.Give the letter, W or X, that is pointing to the scarp slope.

................................. (1 mark)


Clay

Y

W

ClayChalk

X

Key: Stream

Z



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5 (b) (ii) Complete the paragraph below to explain how an escarpment is formed.Choose the correct words from this list.

tilted faster higher horizontal

less lower more slower

Layers of chalk and clay are ............................................. due to earth movements.

The chalk is ............................................. resistant than clay. The clay erodes

............................................. than the chalk. Over time, the chalk stands

............................................. than the clay and forms an escarpment.(4 marks)

5 (b) (iii) Name landform Y.

....................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

5 (b) (iv) Why is a settlement found at Z?

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5 (c) Granite is another type of rock.Describe the land use of areas of granite.

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6 River Landscapes and Processes Total for this question: 15 marks

6 (a) Study Figure 10, on the insert, a photograph of the upper course of the YellowstoneRiver, USA.

6 (a) (i) Name features X, Y and Z.

X ................................................................................................................................

Y ................................................................................................................................

Z ................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

6 (a) (ii) Complete the paragraph below to explain how a waterfall is formed.Choose the correct words from this list.

flood plain weathered advances traction

undercut abrasion retreats gorge

Waterfalls can be formed when a layer of hard rock is found on top of a layer of

soft rock. The soft rock is ............................................. more quickly by erosion

processes such as ............................................. . An overhang of hard rock

forms. When this collapses, the waterfall ............................................. upstream

and a ............................................. is formed.(4 marks)

6 (b) Study Figure 11, on the insert, which shows flooding in Carlisle, a city in northernEngland, in January 2005.

6 (b) (i) River X flows into the River Eden.What is the name given to a river that flows into a main river?

....................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

6 (b) (ii) Name one feature of the course of the River Eden.

....................................................................................................................................(1 mark)



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6 (b) (iii) Give two facts about the location of the flooding in Carlisle.

1 .................................................................................................................................

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2 .................................................................................................................................

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6 (b) (iv) With the help of Figure 11, suggest why Carlisle flooded in January 2005.

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7 Glacial Landscapes and Processes Total for this question: 15 marks

7 (a) Study Figure 12, on the insert, a photograph of Lauterbrunnen Valley, Switzerland, anupland glaciated area.

7 (a) (i) Name features X, Y and Z.Choose the correct features from this list.

drumlin truncated spur arête pyramidal peak hanging valley

X ................................................................................................................................

Y ................................................................................................................................

Z ................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

7 (a) (ii) Study Figure 13, two cross sections showing the formation of a glacial trough.

Figure 13

Label Figure 13, to explain the formation of a glacial trough.Choose four correct labels from the list below.Write the letter in the correct box.

A Ice occupied a river valley

B Freeze thaw weathering attacked the valley floor

C Moraine was found below and within the ice

D Snow collected in a corrie

E The V-shaped valley has become a U-shaped valley

F Abrasion and plucking eroded the floor and sides of the valley

(4 marks)

Ice Ice



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7 (b) Study Figure 14 which shows a proposed tourist development in an upland glaciatedarea in Snowdonia, a National Park in North Wales.

Figure 14

7 (b) (i) Describe the location of the hotel and conference centre.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................(2 marks)


Llyn (Lake)Padarn

Land forfuture

development

A4086

A4086115

360

7

1

3

Town ofLlanberis

Lake

300

350

200

150

250

360

106

N

0 250 m

24

5

6

Key

1 Dry-ski slope with toboggan run and chairlift Chairlift

300

Road2 Indoor tropical paradise3 Leisure pool4 Mountain bike area5 Lakeside village with pubs, cafés and shops6 Hotel and conference centre7 Mountain restaurant and chairlift

FootpathBoundary of thedevelopment

Car park

Landscaped area

300 new houses

BuildingsHeight in metresSpot height in metres



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7 (b) (ii) Suggest why this upland glaciated area would be suitable for a dry-ski slope,toboggan run and chairlift.

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7 (b) (iii) Explain why some people might be against this proposed tourist development.

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8 Coastal Landscapes and Processes Total for this question: 15 marks

8 (a) Tick the correct box to show whether each of the following statements aboutdestructive and constructive waves is true or false.

True False

Destructive waves are more frequent than constructive waves. � �Destructive waves are steeper than constructive waves. � �Destructive waves have a stronger swash than backwash. � �

(3 marks)

8 (b) Study Figure 15, on the insert, an Ordnance Survey map extract of Start Point, SouthDevon.

8 (b) (i) Name the three types of landform, X, Y and Z, resulting from coastal erosion.

X ................................................................................................................................

Y ................................................................................................................................

Z ................................................................................................................................(3 marks)




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8 (b) (ii) Figure 16 shows the stages in the formation of a landform of coastal erosion.

Add a sentence in each box to explain the formation of landform X.

Figure 16

(3 marks)

8 (b) (iii) Describe one process of coastal erosion.

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Landform X

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8 (c) Study Figure 17, on the insert, a photograph of coastal defences at Mappleton, eastYorkshire.Explain how the coast is being protected from erosion by the sea.

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9 Weather and Climate Total for this question: 15 marks

9 (a) Study Figure 18 which is a synoptic chart of the British Isles for 3 January 2007.

Figure 18

9 (a) (i) Name features X, Y and Z.Choose the correct labels from this list.

high pressure warm front occluded front

cold front low pressure isobar isotherm

X ................................................................................................................................

Y ................................................................................................................................

Z ................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

1024

1016

1000

992984

1016 Isobar

Key

The Atlantic Noon Today

X

Y

Z1024

1016

1008

1000

976984

992



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9 (a) (ii) The synoptic chart, Figure 18, suggests that the winds are likely to be quite strongover the British Isles. Give one piece of evidence for this from the chart.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

9 (a) (iii) On Figure 18, mark with the letter L an area of light winds.(1 mark)

9 (a) (iv) Describe what is likely to happen to the temperature, cloud and rainfall as thewarm front passes overhead.

Temperature ...............................................................................................................

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Cloud .........................................................................................................................

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Rainfall ......................................................................................................................

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....................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

9 (b) Tick the correct box to show whether each of the following statements about tropicalstorms (hurricanes) is true or false.

True False

Ocean temperatures need to be at least 27°C. � �The eye is the centre of the tropical storm. � �Tropical storms form between 30° and 40° north and southof the equator. � �

(3 marks)




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9 (c) Study Figure 19 which describes responses to a tropical storm – Hurricane Katrina inNew Orleans, USA in August 2005.

9 (c) Explain why the people of New Orleans were unhappy with the response of theauthorities to Hurricane Katrina.

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Figure 19 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints.

10 Ecosystems Total for this question: 15 marks

10 (a) Study Figure 20 which shows a coniferous tree.

Figure 20

10 (a) (i) On Figure 20, mark with an arrow and label one characteristic of each of thefollowing parts of a coniferous tree.

branchesleavesroots

(3 marks)Question 10 continues on the next page



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10 (a) (ii) Explain how coniferous trees are adapted to their climate.

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10 (b) Study Figure 21 which shows a tropical rainforest.

Figure 21

Heavy daily convectional rainfallfalls onto the leaves

Rainforest grows rapidly

Fertile top layerof soil

Many fallen leaves rotquickly to form humus

Ground is protected fromthe heavy rainfall



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10 (b) (i) Deforestation is the cutting down of trees.Give one reason for deforestation.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

10 (b) (ii) Where are most nutrients (plant foods) stored in a tropical rainforest beforedeforestation?

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

10 (b) (iii) How are nutrients returned to the soil before deforestation?

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10 (b) (iv) Why does soil erosion occur after deforestation?

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10 (c) Describe how replanting of trees is an example of sustainable management.

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END OF QUESTIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS

Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful andAQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.

Question 3 Figure 5: courtesy of Lincoln CathedralQuestion 4 Figure 6: vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/cascades volcano observatoryQuestion 7 Figure 14: from Understanding GCSE Geography: Teacher’s Resource Pack 2nd Ed. by Ann Bowen and John Pallister. Reprinted by

permission of Pearson Publishers Oxford Ltd.Question 8 Figure 16: D. WAUGH, Key Geography for GCSE, Teacher’s Resource Guide, Stanley ThornesQuestion 9 Figure 18: The Indedpendent, 3 January 2007Question 10 Figure 21: D. WAUGH, Key Geography for GCSE, Book 2, Stanley Thornes

Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.



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General Certificate of Secondary Education

June 2008

GEOGRAPHY (SPECIFICATION A) 3031/1F

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Figure 8

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N

0 5 km

Key

Crater ofMount

St. Helens

Mount St. Helens NationalVolcanic Monument

Roads

Elk Rock

Coldwater RidgeVisitor Centre

Castle LakeViewpoint

Paths (trails)

Rivers

Information

Camp site

Picnic areaRestricted area

Recreation site

Restricted AreasIt is now possible to explore the volcano Mount St. Helens which erupted in 1980. But in the main areaaffected by the eruption, the following are not allowed:

Minimum $100 fine

Walking off paths (trails)CampingPets

Riding bicycles Disturbing or removingany natural featuresLighting fires

Going into the crater

Gift shop

Coldwater LakeRecreation Area Loowit

Viewpoint

ColdwaterPeak

Windy Ridge

SpiritLake

CastleLake

Coldwate

r Lak

e Mt. Margaret

South Fork Toutle River

North Fork Toutle River

Johnston RidgeObservatory


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Z


Figure 11

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Figure 12

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X Y

Z


Figure 15

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS

Figure 8: Used with permission from Northwest Interpretive Association

Figure 12: Photo courtesy of Ben Starr

Copyright © 2008 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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