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G 8 Countries

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Introduction :- An annual Summit at which the Heads of Stateand

Governmentof the member countries hold talks with a view tofinding solutions of the main world issues.

France, the United States and Russia are represented by their

Heads of State, whereas the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan,Italy and Canada are represented by their respective Heads ofGovernment.

The eight members meet once a year at Heads of State andGovernment level.

Meetings are intended to foster consensus on global issues suchas economic growth and crisis management, global security,energy, and terrorism.

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Membership

The Group of Eight ( formerly the G6) is a forum, created by Francein 1975, for the government of six major countries ie is

France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the UnitedStates.

In 1976, Canada joined the group (thus creating the G7).

In 1997, the group added Russia thus becoming the G8.

Member nations are generally expected to have highly-developedeconomies and be democracies.

The G8, unlike the United Nations, is not an organization orinstitution, and there is no formal charter or secretariat.

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What Happen There? The G8 summit is a busy schedule of meetings,

statements and photographs for the press.

On the second day of the summit, leaders gather for aninformal talk without lots of officials or the media. Inthe past leaders have discussed issues such as peace inthe world and how to stop terrorism.

The G8 members can agree on plans and set objectivesbut they can't force anyone to agree with them.However, the wealth and power of the G8 membersmeans they are often listened to by other countries.

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How long does the summit last for?

The G8 summit lasts for two days.

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Why do people protest at G8 summits?

Recent summits have seen big protests and sometimesviolence, meaning security is very high.

Critics say it's wrong that big countries like China andIndia are not represented.

There are also no African or Latin American membersand some says that the G8 leaders ignore the needs of

the wider world.

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Presidency & Summit The G8 is chaired on rotational basis for a period of

one year in the order of France, United States, UnitedKingdom, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada.

The European Union participates in the G8 as anobserver; it is represented at the Summit by thePresident of the European Council and the Presidentof the European Commission.

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Member facts All G8 countries are amongst the thirteen top-ranked leadingexport countries. The USA, Germany, Italy, France, Russia and Japan are among

the top 10 countries with the largest gold reserves. Acc. IMF, G-8 countries are represented in the top eleven

economies (by nominal GDP) of the world. World's 10 largest oil producers (Russia, USA, and Canada) The third and fifth largest oil reserves (Canada and Russia

respectively). Nine largest nuclear energy producers are in the G8 (USA,

France, Japan, Russia, Germany, Canada, UK). All of the G8 countries are ranked by the amount of voting

power and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in the IMForganization.

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Objectives of G8 To identify and work together on issues pertaining to

security ,economies , climate change , Peace, geopolitical issues.

Develop framework for regulation for the above issues.

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The G8's Efficacy and Influence

G8 members account for 15 percent of the world population,53 percent of global gross domestic product

In 2012, The G8 nations comprise 50.1% of global nominalGDP and 40.9% of global GDP (PPP).

G8 ministers also meet throughout the year, such as the G7/8

finance ministers (who meet four times a year), G8 foreignministers, or G8 environment ministers.

All eight nations being within the top 12 countries according tothe CIA World Factbook - (Central Intelligence Agency )

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Criticism of the G8

Focus only on the needs of industrial rather thandeveloping countries.

G8 is increasingly an anachronism.

Lacks an administrative structure does not have apermanent secretariat, or offices for its members.

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Expanding the G8 China and India, up-and-coming economic powers,

are notable omissions from the G8.

As Richard Haass, President Council on foreign

research argues, "the G8 needs to become the G10.

Both China and India deserve a seat.

China's inclusion, of course, would clearly mean the

end of the G8 as a forum for leading democracies.

China and India do belong to the G-20, a forum offinance ministers and central bank governors

created by the then-G7.

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G 10 Group of countries

that have agreed toparticipate in the

GeneralArrangements toBorrow (GAB).

Consult and co-operate on economic,monetary andfinancial matters.

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What is GAB? The GAB was established in 1962 The governments of eight International Monetary Fund

(IMF) members

(Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands,the United Kingdom, and the United States)and the central banks of(Germany and Sweden)agreed to make resources available to the IMF for drawings

by participants, and, under certain circumstances, fordrawings by nonparticipants.

Association of 11th member- Switzerland

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are official observers of the

activities of the G10

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

European Commission International Monetary Fund

Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment.

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Credit available The potential amount of credit available to the IMF

under the GAB totals SDR 17bn (about $26bn), with anadditional SDR 1.5bn available under an associatedarrangement with Saudi Arabia.

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amounts

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Smithsonian AgreementAn agreement reached by (G10) in 1971

Re-established an international system of fixedexchange rates without the backing of silver or gold,and allowed for the devaluation of the U.S. dollar.

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MEMBER COUNTRIES AFRICA Algeria

Egypt

Kenya

Nigeria

Senegal

Zimbabwe

ASIA

India

Indonesia

Iran

Malaysia

Sri Lanka

LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN

Argentina

Brazil

Chile

Jamaica

Mexico

Venezuela

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The Group of 15(G-15) is an informal forum set up tofoster cooperation and provide input for otherinternational groups, such as the World Trade

Organization and the Group of Eight.

It was established at the Ninth Non-AlignedMovement Summit Meeting in Belgrade, Yugoslavia,in September 1989 and is composed of countries fromLatin America, Africa, and Asia with a common goal ofenhanced growth and prosperity.

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The G-15 focuses on cooperation among developingcountries in the areas of investment, trade, andtechnology.

Membership has since expanded to 18 countries butthe name has remained unchanged.

Chile, Iran and Kenya have since joined the Group of 15

whereas Yugoslavia is no longer part of the group. Peru, a founding member-state, decided to leave the

G-15 in 2011.

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OBJECTIVES To harness the considerable potential for greater and mutually

beneficial cooperation among developing countries

To conduct a regular review of the impact of the world situation and ofthe state of international economic relations on developing countries

To serve as a forum for regular consultations among developingcountries with a view to coordinate policies and actions

To identify and implement new and concrete schemes for South-Southcooperation and mobilize wider support for them

To pursue a more positive and productive North-South dialogue and tofind new ways of dealing with problems in a cooperative, constructiveand mutually supportive manner.

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PURPOSEAct as a catalyst for greater cooperation between

leading developing countries.

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FUNCTIONS Summit of Heads of State and Government: The G-15's summit is

organized biennially, with the venue being rotated among the threedeveloping regions of the G-15 membership.

Annual meetings of Ministers of Foreign Affairs: G-15 Ministers ofForeign Affairs typically meet once a year to coordinate group activitiesand to prepare for the nest summit of G-15 leaders.

Steering Committee (Troika): A Steering Committee or Troikaiscomposed of three Foreign Ministers, one from the preceding summithost country, the present host country and the anticipated next hostcountries. These three are responsible for oversight and coordination.

Personal Representatives of Heads of State and Government: Eachmember country is represented by Personal Representatives of Headsof State and Government who meet regularly in Geneva.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION In addition, the Federation of Chambers of

Commerce, Industry and Services, (FCCIS) is a privatesector forum of G-15 member countries.

The purpose of the FCCIS is to coordinate andmaximize efforts which promote business, economicdevelopment and joint investment in G-15 nations.

In 2010, the chairmanship of the G-15 was acceptedby Sri Lanka at the conclusion of the 14th G-15summit in Tehran.

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Date Host country Host city Host

1st G-15 summit 13 June 1990 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Mahathir Mohamad

2nd G-15 summit 2729 November 1991 Venezuela Caracas Carlos Andrs Prez

3rd G-15 summit 2123 November 1992 Senegal Dakar Abdou Diouf

4th G-15 summit 2830 March 1994 India New Delhi P. V. Narasimha Rao

5th G-15 summit 57 November 1995 Argentina Buenos Aires Carlos Menem

6th G-15 summit 35 November 1996 Zimbabwe Harare Robert Mugabe

7th G-15 summit 28 October5 November 1997 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Mahathir Mohamad

8th G-15 summit 1113 May 1998 Egypt Cairo Hosni Mubarak

9th G-15 summit 1012 February 1999 Jamaica Montego Bay P. J. Patterson

10th G-15 summit 1920 June 2000 Egypt Cairo Hosni Mubarak

11th G-15 summit 3031 May 2001 Indonesia Jakarta Abdurrahman Wahid

12th G-15 summit 2728 February 2004 Venezuela Caracas Hugo Chvez

13th G-15 summit 14 September 2006 Cuba Havana Ral Castro

14th G-15 summit 17 May 2010 Iran Tehran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

15th G-15 summit 2012 Sri Lanka Colombo Mahinda Rajapaksa

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdou_Dioufhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Raohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aireshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aireshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Menemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=6th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hararehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=8th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montego_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Pattersonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=11th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=11th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=11th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=11th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._J._Pattersonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montego_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_G-15_summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=8th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=8th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=8th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hararehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=6th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=6th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=6th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Menemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aireshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Raohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdou_Dioufhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1

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GENEVA, 6th

Feb 2014

Luncheon Meeting of G-15 PersonalRepresentatives

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Geneva,11 July 2014

111thMeeting of G-15 Personal Representatives

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