Fundamentals of Laboratory Safety - Miami University Safety Training...Fundamentals of Laboratory Safety Environmental Health and Safety Offices ... Fire Extinguishers First Aid kits

Fundamentals of Laboratory Safety

Environmental Health and Safety Offices

Personal safety and safety of othersBuilding protectionRegulatory compliance

Laboratory SafetyIntroduction

Purpose of Laboratory Safety Training

OSHA’s Lab StandardPrudent Practices in the Laboratory


Chemical Hygiene Plan

www.units.muohio.edu/ehso/

Know your surroundings

ExitsEyewashes and Safety showers Fire ExtinguishersFirst Aid kitsPhones


Emergency telephone numbersMedical EmergencyChemical SpillsGas odorsFire

Emergency Procedures


Handbook posted in every laboratoryIncludes:

Work areas and floors are uncluttered.Equipment and chemicals stored properly.Wastes segregated and labeled.Spills cleaned up immediately.

General Housekeeping


PhysicalChemicalBiological

Laboratory Safety

Types of Hazards Present In Laboratories

Electrical

Laboratory SafetyHazard Types:- Physical

Frayed or damaged cords.Equipment that ‘tingles’.Wet locations⌫ Not all outlets are Ground

Fault Circuit Interrupt (GFCI).

BE AWARE OF:


ElectricalHydraulicPneumaticMechanical

Lock-Out Tag-Out:

Identify all Sources of Energy

Glassware


DamageHot GlassDisposal

BE AWARE OF:


Compressed Gas Cylinders -CGC’s

HIGH PRESSURE - (1800-2400 psi)

Nature of Gas.Empty cylinders- (up to 141 lbs.)

BE AWARE OF:

Laboratory SafetyHazard Types:- Physical Compressed Gas Cylinders -

CGC’s

Transport upright with valve cap in place.Must be securedNO adaptations

Also:

C-5 Escape Slide Bottle Mishap










Liquid nitrogenLiquid helium

Laboratory SafetyHazard Types:- Physical Cryogenic Materials

Hazards AsphixiationFrost biteFire

FireExplosionEmbrittlement

Liquid oxygenCarbon Dioxide (Dry Ice)

Laboratory SafetyHazard Types:- Physical- Biological Sharps

Be Aware:Do not cut or remove needles from syringes.No recapping.Dispose in a red sharps container.

If needle has come in contact with potentially infectious material, it should be disposed as an infectious waste.

Biological

Potentially Infectious Agents (PIA)– Any microorganism

(i.e., bacteria, virus, fungi) or helminth that if released could cause or significantly contribute to the increased morbidity or mortality of humans.

Laboratory SafetyHazard Types:- Physical- Biological

Radiological

Covered in the radiation safety course.

Laboratory SafetyHazard Types:- Radiological

Chemical

Many chemicals have multiple hazards.

FlammabilityHealthReactivitySpecific Hazards

Laboratory SafetyHazard Types:- Chemical

General Hazard Categories

HEALTHFLAMMABILITYREACTIVITYPERSONAL PROTECTION

Flammability


- Flammability

How readily a solid, liquid, vapor or gas will ignite and burn.

Solvents -Acetone, Toluene, Methanol, Ethanol, Ether, Xylene

Health

Poisons - Chlorine, Phenol, Sulfuric Acid, Mercury


- Flammability- Health

Toxicity of substance.

Relative measurement of the stability of a certain material.

Reactives - Nitro and Diazo compounds. (unstable)Picric Acid. (shock-sensitive)Sodium and Potassium. (air/water reactive)

Reactivity


- Flammability- Health- Reactivity

Special Hazards

Symbols or Letters depict other hazards.


- Flammability- Health- Reactivity

Beware of Old Containers

Old containers may not be properly labeled.Over time properties of the contents can change in some special cases, due to contamination or evaporation.When discovered old containers should be promptly and properly disposed.


- Flammability- Health- Reactivity- Special Hazards

Beware of Old Containers


- Flammability- Health- Reactivity- Special Hazards

Limiting Personal Exposure

Laboratory SafetyLimiting Exposure

w/ Good Habits

By Building Good Work Habits– No:

• Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics while in the laboratory.

• Mouth pipetting.• Unauthorized experiments.


Know the hazards of the materials you will be using, before you use them.– Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).– Use other resources if necessary.


w/ Good Habits


MSDS


MSDS


MSDS


MSDS


MSDS


MSDS


MSDS

Store Containers According to their Hazards.– Segregate!– Date peroxide forming

materials

Handle the container with care– Use a bucket to carry Acids or Bases.


Ground metal containers– If they contain flammable material


w/ Good Habits

Know the limitations and proper use of the Laboratory Hood.- Physical barrier to minor explosions, splashes,

fires, etc. - Somewhat contains spills due to failed

experiments and devices.- Work at least 4-6 inches back in hood can reduce

the vapor concentration at the face by as much as 90%.

- Pull sash down to levels marked on hoods with orange tape. Hoods checked annually.


Laboratory SafetyLimiting ExposureEngineering controls

Know the limitations and proper use of the Laboratory Hood.- Local exhaust to help minimize exposure to

chemicals.- Open and pour organic solvents in a laboratory

fume hood. - Use those solvents in a well ventilated area,

preferably in the fume hood.- Do not rely solely on hood for protection.


Laboratory SafetyLimiting ExposureEngineering controls

Chemical Fume HoodLaboratory SafetyLimiting ExposureEngineering controls

Biological Safety Cabinet Class II Type A1

Laboratory SafetyLimiting ExposureEngineering Controls

Biological Safety Cabinet Class II Type A2


Biological Safety Cabinet Class II Type B1


Clean BenchNot for personal

Protection !


Selecting Proper Personal ProtectiveEquipment.



w/ Good Habitsw/ Proper PPE

Safety glasses allowed when:– Entering lab that is in

operation.– No risk of splash.

Eye Protection

Goggles required when:– Using reagents.– Risk of splash or aspiration.



Projectiles– Exploding Glassware

Splash Risk– Chloroacetic acid

splashed into the eye.

Eye ProtectionReasons:



Eye ProtectionLevels of Protection:



All Gloves are not created equal.

Hand ProtectionBromine Splash

Ethyl Aziridinyl Formate- An organic chemical with

no warning properties.



Selection guide for chemical resistant glovesSource: Industrial Hygiene Reference & Study Guide, First Editionhttp://www2.umdnj.edu/eohssweb/aiha/technical/ppe.htm#Gloves/Chemical

Glove Material Chemical Resistant To: Not Recommended for:

Nitrile rubber Solvents, oils, alcohols, some acids, and caustics

Ketones, oxidizing acids, nitrogen-containing organics

Butyl rubber Organics, Ketones, esters Aliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, gasoline

Natural (laytex) rubber Alcohols, acids, caustics, ketones Aromatics, halogenated solvents

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA Most solvents including aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons

Water-based solutions, inorganic acids, alcohols, caustics

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Alcohols, acids, caustics Aromatic and halogenated solvents, ketones

Neoprene Organic acids, caustics, peroxides, alcohols, phenols, petroleum solvents

Aromatic and halogenated solvents

Viiton Halogentated and aromatic solvents, alcohols



http://www2.umdnj.edu/eohssweb/aiha/technical/ppe.htm#Gloves/Chemical

Pants and closed-toe shoes are always recommended.Lab coats are also a good idea.Do not wear:

• Shorts.• Sandals or open toed shoes.

Proper Attire In LabLaboratory SafetyLimiting Exposure


Wash your hands after handling chemicals

EVEN IF WEARING GLOVES!

Personal HygieneLaboratory SafetyLimiting Exposure

w/ Good Habitsw/ Proper PPEw/ Hygiene

Chemical Spills and Emergency Response

Small Spills– 1 Gallon or less

Large Spills– or unusually hazardous

In case of Fire– Pull alarm on the way

out.

Laboratory SafetyEmergency Resp.

Skin– Cleanse thoroughly with water for

15 minutes. Speed is important, do not wait.

Eye– Hold eyelids open and wash eyes

with gentle stream of water for 15 minutes.

Chemical Spills and Emergency Response


Cuts and Abrasions– If minor encourage “Self-Help”– If serious call 911

If you choose to assist in either case USE UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

Emergency Response and Chemical Spills


Reporting unsafe practices and conditions

Immediately to Supervisor and/or Manager of Laboratories.Do not continue work if you suspect a safety problem.

When In Doubt . . . ASK!!!

Laboratory SafetyEmergency Resp.Reporting Accidents

Useful Web SitesMiami University’s Environmental Health and

Safety Offices: http://www.units.muohio.edu/ehso/

AIHA Laboratory Health & Safety Committee: http://www2.umdnj.edu/eohssweb/aiha/accidents/

Glove selection:http://www2.umdnj.edu/eohssweb/aiha/technical

/ppe htm#Gloves/Chemical

Laboratory SafetyWeb Sites

http://www2.umdnj.edu/eohssweb/aiha/accidents/

http://www2.umdnj.edu/eohssweb/aiha/accidents/



Documents

Fundamentals of Laboratory Safety - Miami University Safety Training...Fundamentals of Laboratory Safety Environmental Health and Safety Offices ... Fire Extinguishers First Aid kits