Occupational Safety & Fundamentals
Hand Tools Occupational Safety & Fundamentals Suplemental Art Introduction to Hand Tools
Module Safety Always wear PPE Make sure all tools are in good condition
Never use damaged/worn tools Never strike two hammers against each other Best made from alloy, dropped-forged steel Hammers claw / ball peen
Claw hammer Steel head Wooden, steel, fiberglass handle Used to drive nails, wedges, dowels Pull nails from wood Bell faced vs. flat face Claw hammer drive a nail
Hold nail 90 degrees Grip handle at end Rest face on nail Few light taps Move fingers hit nail firmly on center of hammer face Hold hammer level with nail head Figure 2 - Proper use of a claw hammer Claw hammer pull a nail
Claw under nail Pull nail straight up from wood Ball peen hammer Flat face striking Round face align brackets
Strengthen welds Weight = 6 ounces 2 lbs. Use same as claw hammer Round face = peening rivets Classified by their weight Weight forward hammer Heavier 21 ounces Fewer strikes Less fatigue Weight-Forward Hammers Maintenance No splinters in handle Head secured to handle
Replace cracked /broken handles Keep face clean Hold hammer properly Strike only on face of hammer Mallets Similar to hammer Short wooden handle Head = softer metal
Plastic, wood, rubber Used to reduce damage to item being struck Sledgehammers Composition high carbon steel Weight 2-20 lbs.
Double faced Crosspeen Never use your hand or anyone else's to hold an object before you hit it with a sledgehammer sledgehammers Uses Drive posts or large stakes
Break concrete and cast iron How Its Made Video Figure 6 - Types of sledgehammers
Transparency 4 Figure 6 - Types of sledgehammers Screwdrivers Tighten or remove screws Made of tempered steel
Identified by type of screw it fits How Its Made Video Figure 3 - Six common types of screw heads
Transparency 3 Figure 3 - Six common types of screw heads Figure 4 - Slotted and Phillips head screwdrivers Never use a screwdriver as a chisel
Figure 5 - Proper use of screwdriver Never use a screwdriver as a chisel Screwdrivers Clean tool Avoid damaged/worn/bent handle
Dirt & grease Avoid damaged/worn/bent handle Blade tip should be smooth/straight Never point blade tip towards anyone Ripping Bars Also called Heavy duty dismantling Octagonal
Pry bar, pinch, wrecking bar Heavy duty dismantling Wood, concrete Octagonal Two specialized ends Ripping bar Nail pullers Cats paw Chisel bar Flat bar Accidents Bar slips and you fall Materials working on break Pliers Made from hardened steel Jaws w/teeth to grip
Do not use on nuts or bolts 6 common types Slip joint pliers Adjustable jaws 2 jaw settings
Serrated teeth that grip flat, square, round, or hexagonal objects. Long nose pliers Also called needle nose Used in tight places
Wire cutter near pivot Lineman pliers Also called side cutters
Used to cut large heavy gauge wire Wedged jaw reduce slippage Strong holding strength Tongue and grove pliers
Also called channellocks Grip Flat, square, round, hexagonal objects Jaws adjust to 5 positions Used to hold pipe Vise-grip pliers Clamp like a vise
Knob in handle controls width/tension Release with lever Rulers Flat steel Measuring tape Wooden folding rule
Digital measuring device Flat steel rule Simplest/most common 6-12 inches
Thinner is more accurate Measuring tape Measuring tape Curved cross section Role up Stay rigid Hook Lock Wooden folding rule Usually 16th 6 & 8
Best for measuring vertical distance Levels Horizontal - level Vertical - plumb Spirit level Electronic
Most common Electronic Laser Spirit level Tough light weight metal Viles filled with alcohol
Magnesium Aluminum Viles filled with alcohol Longer the level more accurate Spirit level Digital & Laser levels Squares Used for marking, checking, and measuring Carpenter square Or framing square Squaring up sections of work
24 blade 16 tongue Rafter angle square Also called speed square Combination protractor
Try square Framing square Combination square 12 blade 90 and 45 angles Uses Checking square
Marking 90 and 45 angles Checking level and plumb surfaces Measuring Plumb Bob Pointed weight attached to a string Hangs vertical or plumb Chalk line String coated with chalk Some can be used as plumb bob Bench Vise Gripping and holding Portable or fixed
Do not use pipe over handle to tighten Clamps Used for holding Sized by maximum opening of jaw Examples
C-clamps metal work Locking c-clamp Spring clamp Bar clamp Pipe clamp Hand screw clamp Web clamp Dont over tighten clamps. Discard clamps with bent frames
Discard clamps with bent frames. Dont use pipe section to tighten clamps. Saws Main difference Fewer the teeth = courser and faster
Shape, number, pitch of teeth Fewer the teeth = courser and faster Backsaw Used for cutting joints Miter and tenons Compass saw Cuts curves in wood Can fit into tight places
Plywood, drywall Can fit into tight places Coping saw Flexible blade Moldings Dovetail saw Cutting fine joints dovetails Hacksaw Cut through Metals, screws, pipe, nails, bolts Handsaw Crosscut Ripsaw against grain With grain
Never cut lumber between sawhorses. Files and rasps Cut, smooth, shape metal parts or wood
Files = slanting rows of teeth Rasps = individual teeth Made from high grade steel. Chisels Chisel Sloped edge Cold chisel Cut and shape wood
Used to cut metal Punches Indent metal With hammer Made from hardened/tempered steel Wrenches Used to hold/turn screws, nuts, bolts, pipes
Nonadjustable & adjustable Wrenches - nonadjustable
Open ended Box end Allen Combination Adjustable wrenches Fixed and movable jaw Always choose correct size
First set jaws to fit nut, bolt, pipe Could slip = injury or lose balance Pull wrench towards you Pipe wrench Also called monkey wrenches Spud wrench Plumbing. Drain traps, toilet connections. Narrow jaws Crescent wrench Sockets & Ratchets Fittings are square. Ratchet handle. Wedges Hard rubber, plastic, wood, steel Lift/separate objects
Tapered to thin edge Lift/separate objects Utility knives Variety of cutting purposes
Roofing felt shingles Vinyl/linoleum flooring drywall Replaceable razor like blade 1, 2, 3 positions Ours have 6 positions Utility knives Never use on electrical wiring Utility knives Chain falls Chain block Chain hoist Manual & electric
Lifts heavy loads Come-alongs Cabin pullers Uses chain or rope
Do not use for lifting heavy loads Wire brushes One of the most common hand tools
All construction areas us them Clean rusty tools, remove paint Do not use on finish work Shovels Also used by many trades 3 basic shapes
Round, square, spade Wooden or fiberglass handle 2 basic sizes Long & short handle THE END