for superiority in concrete admixtures Look to Sika and ... · Cost effective technology Faster placing with reduced labor and equipment No vibration and less finishing Reduced noise

▲ Cost effective technology

▲ Faster placing with reduced labor and equipment

▲ No vibration and less finishing

▲ Reduced noise in the environment

▲ Improved health and safety condition

▲ Improved quality and durability

®

Cons

truct

ion

Technology & Concepts

®1-800-933-SIKA NationwideRegional Information and Sales CentersFor the location of your nearest Sika sales office, contact your regional center or for further information visit our website at www.sikausa.com or call our Fax-Back System at: 740-375-0063.

New Construction-Eastern Region 2115 Hamilton Ave. Suite ATrenton, NJ 08169 Phone: 609-587-5600 Fax: 609-587-5757 email - [email protected]

USA Headquarters201 Polito AvenueLyndhurst, NJ 07071Phone: 201-933-8800Fax: 201-933-6225

New Construction-So. Central Region315 North EbriteMesquite, TX 75149Phone: 972-289-6480Fax: 972-289-5721

SIKA...INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR A CONCRETE WORLDSM

New Construction-No.Central Region1682 Marion Williamsport Rd.Marion, OH 43302Phone: 800-851-2545Fax: 740-375-4915

New Construction-Western Region12767 East Imperial Hwy.Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670Phone: 562-941-0231 Fax: 562-941-4762

Sika Corporation has provided innovative, cutting edge technology and technical support to the concrete industry

for nearly one hundred years. The global leader, whose contributions and involvement, has increased concrete

quality and performance around the world. From waterproofing admixtures at the turn of the century to self

consolidating concrete technology at the dawn of the millennium, We’ve got the right mix!

Look to Sika and its global presence for superiority in concrete admixtures and construction products.

ISO90019002

L Q U A

YI T

I A C H EE V

TNM E

The Sika AdvantageSystem Approach to Concrete Design and Construction.▲ Full range admixtures..................................Sika ViscoCrete®, Sika Rapid®, Sikament®

Plastiment®, Plastocrete®

▲ Joint sealants................................................Sikaflex®, Combiflex®

▲ Waterproofing systems................................SikaProof®, SikaSwell®

▲ Repair/Finishing Mortars.............................SikaTop®, SikaRepair®

▲ Crack repair systems....................................Sikadur®, SikaPronto®

▲ Corrosion Inhibitors.....................................Sika FerroGard®, Sika® CNI

▲ Structural Strengthening..............................Sika CarboDur®

▲ Protective and decorative coatings...............Sikagard®

▲ Full range epoxies........................................Sikadur®

▲ Non-shrink and precision grouts..................SikaGrout®

No more vibration

No more vibration

Self Consolidating Concrete

e-mail: [email protected]

32

The Major Advancesin Admixture Polymer Chemistry

The Leading Products and Technologies

Continuous Improvement inPerformance

Technical Advances

Sika ViscoCrete ® TechnologySika – Leading Through Constant Innovation

10%

capilla

ry p

oro

sity

0%

capilla

ry p

oro

sity

MeO

Na2S2O5 CO C C

MeOSO3Na

C C CO

CH2OH

COONa

H

H

H

HO H

OH

OH

OH

C

C

C

C

SO3Na

n

CH2SO3Na

CH2X CH2Y

N NN

N N

NH

n

CH2

CH2

0.60 0.50 0.40

Lignosulphonates

Gluconates

®®

1930

–

+ + + + + + + + + + + ++

––

– ––

––

––––

– – – – ––

––

––

+ ++

+

++

+ ++

+

++

+++

+ + –––

–

+

–––

–––

– –

–––––

––

––

+

+++

++++

+

++++++

Super-plasticizermolecule

Cations

Cement grain

Anionic groups

+

O–

O–

–––

–

––

–

–

Cement grain

Inter particlerepulsion

Cement particle floc Released water

O–

O–

O–

O–

O–

O–

Sulphonated naphthalene polymers

Sulphonated melamine polymers

Plastocrete®

Plastiment®

Sikament®-N/300

Sikament®-FF/86

▲ First HRWR for concrete with lower w/c ratio

▲ High early strength and controlled set

▲ Improved workability

▲ Extended workabilityfor ready-mixed concrete

Capillary porosity

Type 1 Cement300 Kg/m3 ( 506 lbs/cu.yd.)Hydrate~ 90%

30% 20% 10% 0%

Water reductionup to 10%

Water reductionup to20 %

Capillary porosity~20%

up to40%water reduction

10–5%

c.poros.

1940

1970

1980

1990

2000

Sikament®-10 ESL

SikaViscoCrete®

Vinylcopolymers

Modified polycarboxylates

+ + ++

++++

––

––––

–––––

– – – – – –

Cement grain

Water reduction

up to 40%

+ + + + + ++

+

Cement grain

+ + ++

+– – ––

–

NR1R2 R3 R4

n

CH

CO COONa

CO

CH CH2 CH

H2C

N

nm

R R

COOH CO-X-(CH2CHRO-)yR

CH2CH2 C C

C. poros.

10–5%

Capillary porosity20–10%

Sika ViscoCrete® Concrete Technology forSelf Consolidating Concrete (SCC)

®®

Fresh Concrete

▲ Outstanding workability

▲ Tremendous flowability because of optimized combination of polymers

▲ Very homogeneous and stable concrete because of special additives

▲ Extremely smooth finish with proper mix design

▲ No VibrationSika ViscoCrete® SCC is extremely cohesive andflowable without segregation. These excellentproperties make the SCC capable of beingplaced without vibration.

▲ FlowabilityBecause of its special mix design, SCC shows amost smooth and flowable consistency. Dependent on the method of placing and the mix design, the slope of SCC will be lower than3% and might be down to 0% installed under pressure.

Advantages of Sika ViscoCrete®

for Self Consolidating Concrete (SCC)

▲ PerformanceThe extremely fluid and soft consistency allowsfast placing of concrete.

▲ Noise ReductionPlacing the concrete without vibration gives a dramatic reduction in noise. This greatly improves the environment for both employees andneighbours.

▲ EconomySpeed of placing, highest quality without defects to rectify and possible reductions inmanpower and equipment result in lower overallcost.

▲ QualityConsistent high standards can be achieved.

▲ Health Benefits“White finger syndrome”, a serious injury from vibration equipment is prevented.

▲ FlowabilityThe outstanding flow properties of Sika ViscoCrete® SCC allow production of complex and fine elements even through congested reinforcement.

▲ DurabilityThe cohesion of the fresh concrete and no nega-tive effects from vibration result in a more homo-geneous surface layer. This will reduce the per-meability and increase resistance against chlo-ride ingress, carbonation and other chemicalattack.

54

80

70

60

50

40

Time ofWorkability [h]

0 2 4 6

Final slump flow in cm (in)

10

8

6

4

2

0

Slu

mp

flow

32

28

24

20

16

[in]

Time for slump flow 50 cm (20 in.) in seconds

[cm]

Advantages of Sika ViscoCrete®

as a Powerful Super-plasticizer

Hardened Concrete

▲ Highest density because of strongest water reduction

▲ High strength because of minimum voids

▲ Excellent waterproofing performance

▲ High durability because of low permeability

▲ Reduced shrinkage by reducing water content

▲ Reduced rate of carbonation and chloride ingress due to reduced porosity

Sika ViscoCrete® Admixture Technology forHigh Range Water Reduction

Influence of Sika ViscoCrete dosage40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

0.20%0.40%

0.60%0.80%

1.00%1.20%

1.40%1.60%

Dosage

Wat

er R

educ

tion

Water Reduction in %4 8 12 16 20 fl.oz/cwt

Final shrinkage of 10/10/40 cm (4/4/16 in.) specimen 0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7W/c ratio

Shr

inka

ge [

/00]

0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30

0

Concrete Type ll cement 300 kg/m (495 lbs/cu.yd.)3

Water Reduction in Relation to Dosage

Reduced Shrinkage by Water Reduction

Double Action Dispersing Effect

▲ Revolutionary possibilities to control the dispersing effect because of chemically designed polymers.

▲ The early contact of hydrauling cement grains is sterically hindered by three-dimensional polymers.

▲ Properties of Sika ViscoCrete® SCC TechnologySika ViscoCrete® gives a very low water con-tent, strong internal cohesion and the concretewill have extremely good workability.

▲ ApplicationSCC can be produced in most concrete batch-ing equipment in ready mix or precast plants.It can be placed as pumped concrete, poureddirectly or by skip.

Flowability of Self ConsolidatingConcrete (SCC)

Sika ViscoCrete® Technology

Mix design460 kg/m3 (776 lbs./cu. yd).CEM ll /A-32.5

Granulates0/16 mm

1.4% Sika ViscoCrete-122 fl. oz/cwtand0.3% Sika Retarder5 fl. oz./cwt

®®Fresh Concrete: Measuring and Assessment

Sika ViscoCrete® Self Consolidating Concrete Technology (SCC)

6 7

Typical binder contentSCC 0/4 mm 500–650 kg/m3

SCC 0/8 mm 450–500 kg/m3

SCC 0/16 mm 400–450 kg/m3

SCC 0/32 mm 375–425 kg/m3

Typical Fines ContentSCC 0/4 mm 0-1/8 in. ≥ 650 kg/m3 ≥ 1095 lbs/cu.yd.SCC 0/8 mm 0-3/8 in. ≥ 550 kg/m3 ≥ 930 lbs/cu.yd.SCC 0/16 mm 0-3/4 in. ≥ 500 kg/m3 ≥ 840 lbs/cu.yd.SCC 0/32 mm 0-11/4 in. ≥ 475 kg/m3 ≥ 800 lbs/cu.yd.

AggregatesPreferably maximum grain sizes between 12 and 20 mm(1/2-3/4 in.) are used, but other sizes are also possible.

Fines ≤ 0.125 mmThe necessary fines content of the mix depends primarilyon the maximum aggregate size, but also on the use ofthe concrete. The fines content is generally much higher thanwith conventional concrete. The total fines content includes the cement, fines from sands and additives suchas silicafume.

Binder The cement/binder content is determined by the requiredquality and the fines content and also depends on the maximum aggregate size.

Water The water content in SCC has an influence on the quality of the hardened concrete regarding final strength,capillary porosity, etc. Generally the water content in concrete of low to medium quality is above 200 l/m3 ,(40 gal/cu. yd.) while concrete of medium quality hasbetween 180 and 200 l/m3, (36-40 gal/cu.yd.) and highquality concrete typically has less than 180 l/m3

(36 gal/cu.yd.).

Concrete AdmixturesIn order to achieve the low water content, cohesion andviscosity of SCC with a homogeneous mix, it is necessaryto use a high quality Sika ViscoCrete® admixture.

Sika ViscoCrete® 6100


For Self Consolidating and conventional Concretewith normal workability or for cooler ambient temperatures.


For Self Consolidating and conventional Concretewith extended workability or for higher ambienttemperatures.

Sikament® 2000

Slump Flow Test L-Shaped Box

Guidelines for the SCC Mix Design

Place inverted slumpcone concentric tothe J-Ring. Fill theslump cone with con-crete in one layerwithout consolidation.Pull the cone vertical-ly for 3 1 seconds, 9 3 in height.

Measure the spread ofthe concrete flow. Theratio between thespread of concretewith J-Ring and theconcrete without J-Ring is the indica-tion of blockage ofconcrete through rein-forcement.

Measure the time ittakes for the concreteto flow and reach 500mm (20 in.) line. Stopthe stopwatch imme-diately once the con-crete touches the line.The T50 is the elapsedtime.

Fill the box in onelayer without con-solidating. Strike offthe surface of theconcrete level withthe top of the moldby means of ascreeding. Quicklylift the gate, andmeasure time untilconcrete hasreached 16 in. (40 cm).

T40 cm

H0

Hx

Measure the diameterat two perpendicularlocations. Observe thesurface of the con-crete segregation,bleed, or halo.

Measure time untilconcrete reachesend of the box.Measure height dif-ference of concreteafter flow hasstopped.The ratio of H x cm

/ H 0 cm should be > 0.8. And the T40cm should be 3 to6 seconds.

The Sika Products

Typical Aggregate Content0/4 mm 0-1/8 in. 50 %4/8 mm 1/8-3/8 in. 15 %8/16 mm 3/8-3/4 in. 35 %

Dmax

D50 cm

0-1/8 in.0-3/8 in.0-3/4 in.0-11/4 in.

825-1095 lbs/cu. yd.760-840 lbs/cu. yd.670-760 lbs/cu. yd.630-715 lbs/cu. yd.

Powerful Super-plasticizer for precast concreteproduction, self consolidation and conventionalconcrete, for enhanced early strength.

Powerful Super-plasticizer for precast concrete pro-duction, self consolidation and conventional concrete,for enhanced early strength and stabler air voids.

J-Ring

Fill the slump cone inone layer without consolidation. Strikeoff the surface of theconcrete level with the top of the mold.

Carefully lift the cone3 1 seconds, 9 3 in.(225 75 mm) heightfrom the base surface.Simultaneously startthe stopwatch for T50measurement.

+- +-+-

The Visual Stability Index (VSI) is the condition ofthe concrete. The value for VSI is:

0 = Highly Stable. (if there is no evidence of segregation in slump spread)1 = Stable. (if there is no mortar halo or aggregate pile in slump flow spread, but

some slight bleed)2 = Unstable. (If there is a slight mortar halo (<10 mm) and/or aggregate pile in

the slum flow spread) 3 = Highly Unstable. (If there is a clear segregation by evidence of a large mortar

halo (>10 mm) and/or a large aggregate pile in the center of the concretespread)

Note: Halo is an observed cement paste or mortar ring that has clearly separatedfrom the coarse aggregate around the outside circumference of the concreteafter flowing from the slump.

+-

+-

8

Main Project DescriptionThe NMAI is being built on the Washington Mall and isintended to resemble a solid piece of rock carved overtime by wind and water. Everything is highly symbolic andnon-repetitive. A joint venture of The Clark ConstructionGroup, Inc. and Table Mountain Rancheria Enterprises(TMR) of Friant, CA, an American Indian firm, will serves asgeneral contractor on the 260,000-gross-square-foot, five-story structure. AGG Industries supplied the concrete.

Test ResultsFresh concreteW/B ratio 0.51Density 2,370 kg/m3 (148 lbs/cu.ft)Air content 6.0%Slump flow 61 cm (24 in.)Compressive strength Fc 28d = 26 N/mm2 (3,750 psi)

Concrete Mix DesignAggregate grading #57 RockBinder Cement Type III 446 kg/m3 (752lbs/cu.yd)Admixtures ViscoCrete 5000 590 ml/100kg (9 fl.oz./cwt)

Sika ViscoCrete® SolutionThe above mix design enables to:

Why SCC was UsedThe reason for the use of SCC was the overcrowd-ed reinforcement and the complicated shapes ofthe structure. There was little to no room left forvibrators. The use of SCC enabled turnaroundtimes to be reduced from five to two days.

Project RequirementsConcrete with high flow characteristics thatcould fill the forms and flow around the densereinforcement without vibration. Surface appear-ance was a key issue for this high profile project.

®®

Main Project DescriptionNitterhouse is a producer of Double Tees for precast park-ing garages, and is involved throughout the constructionprocess from specification to erection. Nitterhouse pourstwo 150m (500 ft.) beds of Double Tees on a daily basis.

Project RequirementsConcrete with high flow characteristics that could fillthe forms without vibration. Early strength wasrequired to be able to turnaround forms in less thanone day.

Sika ViscoCrete® Technology: US Case Studies

Double-T Production, Nitterhouse Concrete Products, Chambersburg, PA

Sika Solution

9

National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI),Smithonian Institution, Washington D.C.

Concrete Mix DesignAggregate grading (#67 Gravel)Binder 178 kg/m3 Cement Type I + 178 kg/m3 Slag

(300 lbs/cu.yd. Cement Type I + 300 lbs/cu.yd. Slag)Admixture Sikament 2000 520 ml/kg (8 fl.oz./cwt)

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

A & C

3 7 28

[days]

B

Test ResultsFresh concreteW/B ratio 0.4Air content 5.5%Slump flow 61 cm (24 in.)Compressive strength Fc 16h = 32.4 N/mm2 (4,700 psi)

Fc 28d = > 48.3 N/mm2 (>7,000 psi)

Concrete Mix DesignAggregate grading #57 RockBinder Cement Type III 446 kg/m3 (752lbs/cu.yd)Admixtures ViscoCrete 5000 590 ml/100 kg (9 fl.oz./cwt)

Modular Hotel Room Units by Oldcastle Precast,Rehobeth, MA (USA)Main Project DescriptionThe project consisted of a modular building systemincorporating a 5 cm insulation layer sandwichedbetween a 3,75cm structural concrete layer and a 5 cmarchitectural concrete layer separated by the fiber con-nect rods.

Why SCC was UsedThe main reason for the use of SCC was cost savings,arising, mainly from the reduction in labor costs. Otherbenefits for the use of SCC included improved appear-ance of the concrete as well as reduction in noise levels.

Project RequirementsHigh early strength concrete was required becausethe turnaround of the forms was planned to be lessthan one day. The confined conditions inside theform required an extremely fluid mix.

Test ResultsFresh concreteW/B ratio 0.4Air content 5.5%Slump flow 61 cm (24 in.)Compressive strength Fc 16h = 32.4 N/mm2 (4,700 psi)

Fc 28d = > 48.3 N/mm2 (>7,000 psi)

Why SCC was UsedThe design configuration made it very difficult to pourstandard super-plasticized concrete, even a very wet mixwith a lot of vibration resulted in a lot of poorly compact-ed concrete and large voids.

®®

Concrete Mix Design

Sand 0/3.15 mm 0-1/8 in. 805 kg/m3 (1360 lbs/cu.yd.)

Aggregate 6/10 mm 1/4-5/8 in. 820 kg/m3 (1380 lbs/cu.yd.)

Binder Cement CEM I 52.5 R Type lll 290 kg/m3 (490 lbs/cu.yd.)

Filler 150 kg/m3 (253 lbs/cu.yd.)

Water 198 4 40 gal.

Admixtures Sika ViscoCrete -3010 SCC (0.9 %) 0.9L/100kg (14 fl.oz./cwt)

Sika ViscoCrete -2100 (0.4 %) 0.4L/100kg (6 fl.oz./cwt)

Main Project DescriptionAn extension of the marine park Oceanopolis near Brest in Brittany. Building of two giant aquariums withvery large openings in the fair faced concrete walls.

Why SCC was UsedVery dense network of reinforcing bars. Better placing rates of concrete were desired. Surfaces with very regular aspect and colour were required. No segrega-tion at the bottom of the walls.

Project RequirementsConcrete with high flow characteristics to completely fill the formwork, especially around the large openingsfor windows etc.

Main Project DescriptionErection of a new R&D building in Tokyo, Japan. For the complex basement, new concrete technologies were necessary.

Why SCC was UsedHigh strength concrete was required for this structure toimprove the earthquake resistance; for the constructionand complex design with extreme reinforcement easypumping and placing was required.

Project RequirementsFlow target 65 +/– 5cm for 120min (25.5+/–2 in.)Final strength > 60 N/mm2MPa (8760 psi)Concrete temperature 28 – 32°C (82-90°)

Concrete Mix DesignBelite Cement (Low Heat Cement) with 7% undensified silicafumeW/B = 28%, 165kg water/m3 concrete (33 gal/cu.yd.)Crushed sand and gravel (max. size: 20mm)Admixture Sika ViscoCrete,

dosage 2.8% on binder (43 fl. oz/cwt)

Sika ViscoCrete ® Technology: International Case Studies

Shark and Penguin Aquariums at theOceanopolis Marine Park in Brest, France

Test ResultsFresh concreteDensity 2295 kg/m3 (143 lbs/cu. ft.)W/B ratio 0.45 Gravel/Sand ratio 1.02Air content 0.8 %Slump flow on site 75 cm 29.5 in.Outside air temperature 10 °C 50°FTransport time 30 min 30 min.

Placing time 25 min/m3 25 min./8 cu. yd.

Hardened concreteFc 28d 38 N/mm2 5500 psi

Basement for a new Research and Development Building in Tokyo, Japan

Test ResultsFresh concreteSlump flow 65–69cm (25.5-27 in.)T50 cm /20 in.

< 6 secVery soft concrete, easy to pump, excellent flow behaviour even at concrete temperature of 33 °C (92°F)

Hardened concreteFc 28d 86 N/mm2 12560 psi

Pipe Screen for a Rail Tunnel at the Meinrad Lienert Square, Zurich, Switzerland

Main Project DescriptionA pipe screen had to be installed to give additional support to the very thin ground cover over the new rail tunnel at the Meinrad Lienert Square in the center of Zurich. Ten concrete pipes of 1.55 mdiameter (wall thickness 150 mm) 6 in.were pipejacket-ed 138–150 meters (460-500 ft.) into the soil from anaccess trench to form the pipe screen in advance oftunnel boring. The soil from inside the pipes was removed and the soil around the pipes injected to consolidate it. Reinforcing steel cages were then inserted into the pipes and they were concretedsection by section with SCC.

Why SCC was UsedThe decision was made to use Self ConsolidatingConcrete, because the concrete had to be pumped atleast 50 m, (160 ft.) then placed with no possibility ofadditional vibration, ensuring that the complete pipewas filled without segregation and bleeding. Consistentwatertight concrete quality had to be maintained.

Sika Solution

Concrete Mix DesignAggregate grading 0/16 mm 0-3/4 in.Binder 380 kg/m3 CEM II/A-L 32.5 Type ll 640 lbs./cu. yd.

and 50 kg/m3 Fly Ash 84 lbs./cu. yd.Admixture 1.7 % Sika ViscoCrete-1 26 fl. oz./cwt

Test ResultsFresh concreteW/B ratio 0.44Density 2361 kg/m3

Air content 1.7%Slump flow T50 cm/ = 3 sec., SFmax = 72 cm (28.5 in)

Hardened concreteConcrete before pumping and before flow distance over 50 m: (160 ft.)

Compressive strength after 7 days: 35.2 N/mm2 5,150 psi


Concrete after 120 m (400 ft.) pumping distance and after flow

distance of 50 m: (160 ft.)



Cores from the structure after 120 m ( 400 ft.) pumping distance

and after flow distance of 50 m (160 ft.) :



Project RequirementsConcrete quality B 35/36 watertightCompletely filling of the tubesHigh efficiency in concreting

1110

147.4 lbs./cu.ft.

Documents

for superiority in concrete admixtures Look to Sika and ... · Cost effective technology Faster placing with reduced labor and equipment No vibration and less finishing Reduced noise