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Overview of ACI 330.2R-17 “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking

FacilitiesThis Webinar is sponsored by ACI. The ideas expressed, however, are those

of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of ACI or its committees. The audience is expected to exercise judgment as to the

appropriate application of the information.

Please adjust your audio level at this time.

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• For continuing education credit, attendance for the entire duration of the webinar will earn you a certificate of completion for 1 PDH (0.1 CEU). Your certificate will be available in ACI University under the Certificates tab within two days.

• For those who cannot join us live; the on-demand recording and quiz will be made available about a week after the LIVE presentation. Successful completion of the quiz will earn the certificate.

• Certificates will be available in ACI University under the Certificates tab.

• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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American Concrete Institute is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this online course will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members.

The online course based on this webinar is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

The American Institute of Architects has approved this course for 1 AIA/CES LU Learning Unit.

The American Institute of Architects has approved this course for 1 AIA/CES LU learning unit.

ACI is an AIA/CES registered provider.

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Overview of ACI 330.2R-17 “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking FacilitiesOverview of ACI 330.2R-17 “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities

This presentation will provide an overview of this new document that provides information useful in designing and building a successful site paving project for heavy duty industrial and trucking facilities. This guide is intended for facilities with heavier design loads, non-standard vehicles, and/or higher volumes of heavy trucks. Examples of such facilities may include warehouses, factories, truck terminals, heavy equipment sales and service distribution centers, and ports. This guide will assist engineers, contractors, and testing agencies with designing, detailing, constructing, repairing, and inspecting site paving.

Course Description:

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• Explain differences between designing commercial parking lots and industrial heavy traffic parking lots (ACI 330R-08 and 330.2R-17, respectively).

• Describe the importance of a proper pavement support system for industrial and trucking facilities.

• Recall design variables and how to use them to select proper pavement thickness for industrial and trucking facilities.

• Identify proper jointing details for concrete site paving.

Learning Objectives:

Overview of ACI 330.2R-17 “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities

Overview of ACI 330.2R-17 “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities

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WEBINAR

Robert Varner, P.E.

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Robert has been involved in the construction industry for over 30 years with experience in training and certification, concrete materials testing, research, special inspections, forensic investigations, concrete pavement design, association management, and metal building design. Robert is responsible for concrete pavement design, concrete testing, and special inspections for Burns Cooley Dennis, Inc. He is a voting member of three ACI technical committees including; committee 330 for Concrete Parking Lots and Site Paving, 522 for Pervious Concrete, and 610 for Technician Certification. Robert is the past Chairman of committee 330 serving two consecutive terms.

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Overview of ACI 330.2R-17 “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities

Robert Varner, PESenior Concrete Materials Engineer

Burns Cooley Dennis, Inc.April 3, 2018

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Committee 330 Committee 330

• Voting MembersThirty-one

• Consulting MembersTwo

• Associate MembersNineteen

• Responsible for maintaining three documents 1. ACI 330R-08 Guide for the Design and

Construction of Concrete Parking Lots2. ACI 330.1-14 Specification for Unreinforced

Concrete Parking Lots and Site Paving. 3. ACI 330.2R-17 Guide for the Design and

Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities”

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Organizations Represented by Voting MembersOrganizations Represented by Voting Members

• Magruder Construction• Materials Consultant• McCarthy Improvement Company• Missouri University S&T• National Ready Mixed Concrete

Association• North Starr Concrete Consulting• PNA Construction Technologies

Inc• Rabine Paving• Richard O Albright Inc• Sika Greenstreak• Structural Services Incorporated• Texas A&M Concrete LLC• Wiss Janney Elstner Assoc• WR Grace

• Allred Engineering LLC• Ash Grove Cement Co• Burns Cooley Dennis, Inc.• Buzzi Unicem USA• Cement Council of Texas• Cleveland State University• CRT Concrete Consulting• David J Akers PE Concrete

Consultant• Florida Conc and Prod Assn• Holcim (US) Inc• ICF Concrete Additives LLC• Ionian Consulting Service Inc• Kozeliski Consulting LLC• Lafarge North America• Lane Construction

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CONTENTSCONTENTS

• “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities”CHAPTER 1 – GENERALCHAPTER 2 – NOTATIONS AND DEFINITIONSCHAPTER 3 – SUBGRADES AND SUBBASESCHAPTER 4 – PAVEMENT DESIGNCHAPTER 5 – CONCRETE MATERIALS and MIXTURE PROPORTIONINGCHAPTER 6 – CONSTRUCTIONCHAPTER 7 – INSPECTION and TESTINGCHAPTER 8 – MAINTENANCE and REPAIRCHAPTER 9 – SUSTAINABILITY and INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE PAVEMENTSCHAPTER 10 – REFERENCESAPPENDEX A – SOILSAPPENDEX B – THICKNESS DESIGN PROGRAMS AND DESIGN EXAMPLESAPPENDEX C – ENHANCED AGGREGATE INTERLOCKAPPENDEX D – DRYING AND THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Explain differences between designing commercial parking lots and industrial heavy traffic parking lots (ACI 330R-08 and 330.2R-17, respectively).

• Describe the importance of a proper pavement support system for industrial and trucking facilities.

• Recall design variables and how to use them to select proper pavement thickness for industrial and trucking facilities.

• Identify proper jointing details for concrete site paving.

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How to select the proper document?ACI 330R-08 and 330.2R-17How to select the proper document?ACI 330R-08 and 330.2R-17

• Apartment complexes• Shopping malls• Convenience stores• Gas stations• Banks• Office buildings

• Warehouses• Factories• Truck terminals• Heavy equipment

sales and service• Distribution centers• Ports

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How to select the proper document?How to select the proper document?

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Notable Differences Between ACI 330R-08 and 330.2R-17Notable Differences Between ACI 330R-08 and 330.2R-17

• 36 pages • Thickness design tables without

dowels• Design tables for over-the-road

trucks• Average daily truck traffic (ADTT)• Up to 700 ADTT• 20 year design life• Round dowels for load transfer• Joint spacing based on thickness • Construction methods including

fixed forms and slipform paving

• 67 pages • Thickness design tables with and

without dowels• Design tables for over-the-road trucks,

lift trucks, and point loads• No. of trucks per day in design lane• 1000 trucks per day in design lane• 30 year design life• Round and plate dowels for load transfer• Joint spacing based on user specified

cracking criteria• Construction methods including fixed

forms, slipform paving, and laser-guided screeds.

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Importance of Proper Pavement Support SystemImportance of Proper Pavement Support System

Example of Improper Support

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Chapter 3 – Subgrades and SubbasesChapter 3 – Subgrades and Subbases

3.1—Pavement support system3.2—Subgrade/subbase failure modes3.3—Subgrade considerations3.4—Subbase considerations

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Chapter 3 – Pavement support systemChapter 3 – Pavement support system

• Adequate and uniform support • Control of volumetric stability if subgrade materials are

expansive• Frost-heave resistance• Resistance to erosion (pumping) under heavy loads• Support of construction operations• Provide appropriate drainage

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Expansive SoilsExpansive Soils

• Clay (CH) soils are not suitable design soilsPI greater then 25

• Dealing with Expansive SoilsNon-Expansive BufferMinimizes moisture changesShould have low permeability

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• Recommend minimum 3 ft. soil buffer for pavements

• Select fill materialsSilty Clay (CL) soilsSandy Clay (CL) soilsPI 10 to 24

• Do not recommend sands (SP,SM,SC) as fill materials

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Non-Expansive BufferNon-Expansive Buffer

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• The forceful displacement of soil and water from beneath the pavement through joint and cracks.

insert photo from winpump.ppt

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PumpingPumping

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• Material TypesCrushed stone, crushed concrete

• CharacteristicsLess than 15 percent passing No. 200PI of 6 or less LL of 25 or less

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Unstabilized SubbaseUnstabilized Subbase

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Foundation support “k value”Foundation support “k value”

Reaction

Stacked Plates

Hydraulic Jack Pressure Gauge

Deflection Dial Gauge

k = unit load on plate / plate deflectionExample: 5 psi / 0.05 in = 100 psi/in (k)

Westergaard’s Modulus of Subgrade Reaction

(k value) is expressed in psi/in or pci and can be determined using a

plate bearing test on the subgrade. More often, k is estimated based on known soil classification, CBR,

or other available data.

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Chapter 3 – Design Aid ExampleChapter 3 – Design Aid Example

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Soil Type Support Typical k-Values, pci

A. Fine Grained with high amounts of silt/clay Low 75 – 120

B. Sand and sand-gravel with moderate silt/clay Medium 130 – 170

C. Sand and sand-gravel with little or no silt/clay High 180 – 220

k (pci) = MR (psi) / 19.4 (AASHTO 1993) MR (psi) = 1500 x CBR (AASHTO 1993)

WEBINAR

Chapter 4 – Pavement DesignChapter 4 – Pavement Design

4.1—Introduction4.2—Loads4.3—Concrete properties4.4—Jointing4.5—Reinforcing4.6—Joint stability (load transfer)4.7—Thickness design 4.8—Other design features

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• Material propertiesModulus of rupture (MOR)Modulus of elasticity (Ec)Shear strength (Vn)Bearing strength (Bn)

• Subgrade/subbase supportModulus of subgrade reaction (k)

• LoadingMagnitude of loadNumber of repetitions per day

• Design life

• Concentrated loads • Loading condition

Edge load/unsupported edgeInterior load/supported edge

• JointsJoint spacingDoweled/enhanced aggregate interlock Undoweled/aggregate interlock

Chapter 4 – Thickness Design VariablesChapter 4 – Thickness Design Variables

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Chapter 4 – Material PropertiesChapter 4 – Material Properties

• Modulus of rupture (MOR)

• Modulus of elasticity (Ec)

• Shear strength (Vn )

• Bearing strength (Bn)

MOR (psi) = cf '8 (in.-lb units)

EC (psi) = 57000 cf ' (in.-lb units)

dbfV ocn '66.2 λ= (4.3.4a)

1'85.0 AfB cn = (4.3.4b)

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Chapter 4 – Loads (category D)Chapter 4 – Loads (category D)

Axle load Number of axles per

1,000 trucks1000 lbs kN

Single axles16 71 1,000

Tandem axles32 142 2,000

Table 4.2.4a—Axle load distributions for category D

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Chapter 4 – Loads (major arterial)Chapter 4 – Loads (major arterial)Axle load Number of axles

per 1000 trucks1000 lbs kN

Single axles16 71 57.0718 80 68.2720 89 41.8222 98 9.6924 107 4.1626 116 3.5228 125 1.7830 133 0.6332 142 0.5434 151 0.19

Tandem axles24 107 71.1628 125 95.7932 142 109.5436 160 78.1940 178 20.3144 196 3.5248 214 3.0352 231 1.7956 249 1.0760 267 0.57

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Chapter 4 – Loading ConditionChapter 4 – Loading Condition

• Edge load/unsupported edge• Interior load/supported edge

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Aggregate Interlock

Enhanced Aggregate Interlock

d/20.1% of pavements cross-sectional area.

Place a construction joint or a saw cut joint without steel at a maximum of 125 feet.

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Chapter 4 – Wheel Load TransferChapter 4 – Wheel Load Transfer

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tt/2

Dowels

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Chapter 4 – Wheel Load TransferChapter 4 – Wheel Load Transfer

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Chapter 4 – Dowel tableChapter 4 – Dowel table

Dowel dimensionsin. (mm)

Dowel dimensionsin. (mm)

Dowel spacing center to center†

in. (mm)Pavement depth, in.

(mm)

Construction Joint Contraction Joint Plate dowel

Round‡, in. (mm)

Square§||, in. (mm)

Plate dowel

Round‡ Square §|| Round‡ Square§||

5 to < 6(130 to <150)

¾ x 10 (19 x 250)

¾ x 10 (19 x 250) NR NR M/R# 12

(300)14

(360)18

(460)

6 to < 8(150 to < 200) 1 x 13

(25 x 330)1 x 13

(25 x 330)1 x 16

(25 x 410)1 x 16

(25 x 410) M/R# 12(300)

14(360)

18(460)

8 to < 10(200 to < 250) 1-1/4 x 15

(32 x 380)1-1/4 x 15 (32 x 380)

1-1/4 x 19 (32 x 480)

1-1/4 x 19 (32 x 480) M/R# 12

(300)12

(300)18

(460)

10 to 12(250 to 300)

1-1/2 x 18 (38 x 460)

1-1/2 x 18 (38 x 460)

1-1/2 x 22 (38 x 560)

1-1/2 x 22 (38 x 560) M/R# 12

(300)12

(300)18

(460)

Table 4.6.2.1—Dowel size and spacing for round and square dowels at construction and contraction joints*

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Chapter 4 – Dowels for construction jointsChapter 4 – Dowels for construction joints

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Chapter 4 – Dowels for contraction jointsChapter 4 – Dowels for contraction joints

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Chapter 4 – Design Criteria for Over The Road Truck TablesChapter 4 – Design Criteria for Over The Road Truck Tables

• 30-year design period• 85 percent reliability• 15 percent of slabs cracked at the end of the design

period• Joint spacing per StreetPave • Curbs, gutters, or widened outer lane to avoid

unsupported edge loading

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Chapter 4 – Pavement DesignChapter 4 – Pavement Design

ACPA StreetPave Proprietary Design Software- Though tailored for jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) thickness design for streets and local roads, this software (American Concrete Pavement Association 2012) can be used to design the areas of trucking and industrial facilities that service primarily truck loads. Based on both mechanistic and empirical formulas, the software considers thickness design concepts such as design reliability, concrete material properties, subgrade/subbase support, structural features such as dowel bars and edge support, and traffic to calculate an optimized concrete surface course thickness. ACPA StreetPave (American Concrete Pavement Association 2012) uses slab fatigue and erosion/faulting as failure criteria, summing the cumulative percent of each until one becomes the limiting design criterion.

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No. trucks

per day design lane

Modulus of rupture, psi (MPa)

550 (3.8) 650 (4.5) 750 (5.2)

d, in.(mm)

Max JS,ft. (m)

d, in.(mm)

Max JS,ft.

(m)

d, in.(mm)

Max JS,ft.

(m)

10 5.5(140)

11(3.4)

5.0(130)

10(3.1)

5.0(130)

10(3.1)

50 6.0(150)

12(3.7)

6.0(150)

12(3.7)

6.0(150)

12(3.7)

100 6.5(165)

13(4.0)

6.5(165)

13(4.0)

6.0(150)

12(3.7)

200 7.0(180)

14(4.3)

7.0(180)

14(4.3)

6.5(165)

13(4.0)

500 7.5(190)

15(4.6)

7.0(180)

14(4.3)

7.0(180)

14(4.3)

1000 7.5(190)

15(4.6)

7.5(190)

15(4.6)

7.0(180)

14(4.3)

Table 4.7.3c—Thickness and joint spacing for over the road trucks category D: No Dowels in Contraction Joints, k=200 psi/in. (54kPa/mm). Aggregate interlock is the mechanism of load transfer.

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Chapter 4 – Design TableChapter 4 – Design Table

WEBINAR

No. trucks

per day design lane

Modulus of rupture, psi (MPa)

550 (3.8) 650 (4.5) 750 (5.2)

d, in.(mm)

Max JS,ft. (m)

d, in.(mm)

Max JS,ft.

(m)

d, in.(mm)

Max JS,ft.

(m)

10 7.0(180)

14(4.3)

6.0(150)

12(3.7)

5.5(140)

11(3.4)

50 7.5(190)

15(4.6)

6.5(165)

13(4.0)

6.0(150)

12(3.7)

100 7.5(190)

15(4.6)

7.0(180)

14(4.3)

6.5(165)

13(4.0)

200 8.0(200)

15(4.6)

7.0(180)

14(4.3)

6.5(165)

13(4.0)

500 8.0(200)

15(4.6)

7.5(190)

15(4.6)

7.0(180)

14(4.3)

1000 8.5(215)

15(4.6)

7.5(190)

15(4.6)

7.5(190)

15(4.6)

Table 4.7.3i—Thickness and joint spacing for over the road trucks category major arterial: No Dowels in Contraction Joints, k=200 psi/in. (54kPa/mm). Aggregate interlock is the mechanism of load transfer.

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Chapter 4 – Design TableChapter 4 – Design Table

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Chapter 4 – Joint SpacingChapter 4 – Joint Spacing

Pavement thickness, in. (mm) Maximum spacing, ft (m)5, 5.5 (130, 140) 12.5 (3.8)

6 or greater (150 or greater) 15 (4.5)

Table 4.4.4—Joint spacing for unreinforced concrete pavements if spacing is not included in the thickness design table

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• Divide slabs into sections that are approximately square.

• Rectangular sections - length not more than 1.5 times width.

• Locate joints at reentrant (inside) corners.

• Avoid acute (sharp) angle sections.

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Chapter 4 – JointingChapter 4 – Jointing

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Chapter 4 – Jointing DetailsChapter 4 – Jointing Details

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Chapter 4 – Joint Layout ExampleChapter 4 – Joint Layout Example

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Chapter 4 – Irregular (Odd-shaped) PanelsChapter 4 – Irregular (Odd-shaped) Panels

• Irregular PanelPanel tapers to a sharp angleLength to width ratio exceeds 1.5Panel is neither square nor rectangular

• Reinforce Irregular PanelsAmount of steel - 0.1% to 0.2%Must be located in upper 1/3 of pavement thickness.Macro-synthetic or steel fibers

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Chapter 4 – Design TableChapter 4 – Design Table

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Chapter 4 – Pavement DesignChapter 4 – Pavement Design

ACPA AirPave Proprietary Design Software -This computer program determines the critical pavement bending stresses due to any configuration of wheel loads of aircraft. The airport concrete pavement thickness design can then follow the procedures described in the American Concrete Pavement Association’s IS202 manual (ACPA 2002). Inputs for the wheel configuration and loading can be changed, making it appropriate for use in facilities with a limited number of industrial vehicle loadings.

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Chapter 4 – Design TableChapter 4 – Design Table

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Chapter 4 – Design TableChapter 4 – Design Table

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Chapter 4 – Punching ShearChapter 4 – Punching Shear

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Chapter 4 - Bearing StressChapter 4 - Bearing Stress

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Chapter 5 – Materials and Mixture ProportioningChapter 5 – Materials and Mixture Proportioning

5.1—Introduction5.2—Cementitious materials5.3—Mixing water5.4—Aggregates5.5—Admixtures5.6—Concrete mixture design

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Chapter 6 – ConstructionChapter 6 – Construction

6.1—Introduction

6.2—Subgrade and subbase preparation

6.3—Layout for construction

6.4—Forming and the use of rigid screed guides

6.5—Concrete placement, screeding and finishing

6.6—Installation of the different joint types

6.7—Joint sealing or filling

6.8—Curing

6.9—Special considerations for adverse weather conditions

6.10—Striping

6.11—Opening to traffic

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Strip Placement Block Placement

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Chapter 6 – Construction LayoutChapter 6 – Construction Layout

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Slipform Paver

Hand Screeding

Laser-Guided Screeds

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Chapter 6 – Construction EquipmentChapter 6 – Construction Equipment

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Chapter 7 – Inspection and TestingChapter 7 – Inspection and Testing

7.1—Introduction7.2—Site preparation and grading7.3—Subgrade and subbase 7.4—Forming7.5—Reinforcing steel7.6—Concrete quality7.7—Concrete curing 7.8—Jointing 7.9—Surface texture

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Chapter 8 – Maintenance and RepairChapter 8 – Maintenance and Repair

8.1—Introduction8.2—Surface sealing8.3—Joint resealing and crack sealing8.4—Partial-depth repair 8.5—Full-depth repair8.6—Under-sealing and leveling

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Chapter 9 – Sustainability Chapter 9 – Sustainability

9.1—Sustainability considerations9.2—Concrete as a sustainable industrial pavement system 9.3—Life cycle analysis

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Any Questions????

An Overview of ACI 330R-17 “Guide for the Design and Construction of

Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities”

Robert Varner, P.E.

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WEBINAR

Overview of ACI 330.2R-17 “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities

This webinar is sponsored by the American Concrete Institute (ACI).Thank you to our presenter: Robert Varner.

Please use the question feature to submit your questions.To earn continuing education for this webinar go to www.ACIUniversity.com.

Questions?

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