Flying High for Saudi Arabia - Level 4 - Student's Book

FlyingHighfor Saudi Arabia

Level 4Simon Brewster Paul Davies Mickey Rogers

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UNIT Page LeSSONS gRaMMaR

2

5

4

3

2

1

Contents

Relationships and 30 communication

1 Parentsandchildren2Intheworkplace3Betweenfriends4Languageforlife:foreign

connections

•Indirectquestions•Reviewofpasttensesandpresent

perfect

Work and money 38 1 Workingtolive,orlivingtowork?2Makingandspendingmoney3Entrepreneurs4Languageforlife:armchair

shopping

•Passives–present,past,future,andmodal

•Relativeclauses,includingcontactclauses

1Armchair travel

2The real thing

3Visitors from abroad

4Lifeline to tourism and hospitality

•Reporting statements and opinions

•Requesting and stating information

Seeing the world 6

1Early breakthroughs

2Important inventions

3Unexpected outcomes

4Lifeline to Information Technology

•Past passive

•Using was / were going toProgress? 14

1Patterns of buying

2The hard sell

3Spotlight on a corporation

4Lifeline to advertising and marketing

•Present perfect progressive

•Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect simple

Consumerism 22

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FUNCTIONS VOCaBULaRY PRONUNCIaTION

3

Contents

•Makingpoliterequestsforinformation

•Talkingaboutfriendsandfamily•DiscussinghowyouuseEnglish

•Compoundandpairedwords•Adjectivestodescribecharacter

•Rhythm

•Talkingaboutprocesses/pastevents

•Definingwhat/whoyou’retalkingabout

•Talkingaboutadvantages/disadvantages

•Jobs•Finances

•Wordstress

•Talking about travel and vacations

•Giving opinions about tourist destinations

•Discussing Saudi Arabia’s tourism

•say / tell, and other reporting verbs

•Expressions in indirect questions

•Intonation – question forms

•Talking about discoveries and inventions

•Talking about unexpected results

•Discussing the pros and cons of technology

•Word formation

•Technology

•Negative and opposite prefixes

•Weak forms – was / were

•Analyzing product use

•Discussing the effectiveness of advertising

•Planning an advertisement

•Clothes

•Collocation

•Synonyms

•Review of numbers

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UNIT Page LeSSONS gRaMMaR

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4

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6

Contents

House and home 54

1 Homeawayfromhome2Decoration3Streetscenes4Languageforlife:placestostay

•Multi-wordverbs•Used toandwould

Crime and law 62

1 Unsolvedcrimes2Crimeandpunishment3Crimeknowsnoborders4Languageforlife:understanding

nations

•Pastperfect•Reviewofpasttenses

9

Irregular verbs 78 Pronunciation 79Learner training 80Spelling rules 82

AB

Mass media 70

1 Sensationalism2News3Newspapers–newsor

entertainment?4Languageforlife:doingresearch

•Pastreportedspeech–statementsandquestions

Keeping up with 46 technology

1 Developingtheautomobile2Communicationssystems3Usingtechnology4Languageforlife:learningonthe

Web

•Gerunds•Conditionals:zero,firstandsecond

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FUNCTIONS VOCABULARY PRONUNCIATION

5

Contents

•Talkingaboutpreferences•Talkingabouthabitsorstatesin

thepast•Talkingaboutplacestoliveorvisit

•Collegeliving•Describingplacestolive•Multi-wordverbs

•Intonationinquestions

•Talkingaboutbackgroundfacts/pastcircumstances

•Talkingaboutpreviousevents•Talkingaboutculturaldifferences

•Crime•Verbs–pasttenseandpast

participleforms

•Pasttenseforms

•Reportingwhatpeoplehavesaid,opinionstheyhavegiven

•Debatingpoints•Discussingwaysofdoingresearch

•Nounsasadjectives(noun–nounphrases)

•Reportingverbs•Expressionsfordiscussions

•Wordstress

•Talkingaboutcauseandeffect/situationsanddecisions

•Summarizingconclusions•Discussingdistancelearning

•Compoundnouns•Communicationsandtechnology

•Contrastivestress

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6

Unit 1 Seeing the world

1 Armchair travel

Unit 1

Like Notsure Don’tlike Used Notused

Studyingmaps

Readingtravelbooks

WatchingvideosorTVdocumentaries

Talkingtofriendsabouttheirtrips

1 Listening and speakinga Imagine the bookstore of the

future. What would you be interested in if you were in that store?

b John and Peter are in the store. Listen to them talking and complete the table below.

c Compare your notes with those of a partner. Then listen again and check your answers.

2 Speakinga Look at the table below. Check (✔) your attitude toward the

different options for “armchair travel,” and if you have used them or not. In groups, compare and discuss your completed tables.

A: I don’t like studying maps, but I have used them.B: I like studying maps, but I don’t like reading travel books.

b If you could go on a “virtual” trip, where would you go? Why?

I would go to Africa because I’d like to see all the animals there.

John Peter

Reasonsforbeinginthestore

Placestheyareinterestedin

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Seeing the world Lesson1

Unit 1

3 Reading and speaking In pairs, read the profiles and travel guides

and agree on a vacation destination for Bill and his sister.

Vacation profile:

Bill Hartley

He enjoys nature and the mountains. He is a keen bird and animal watcher. He loves good food and wants an active vacation.

Vacation profile: Jane HartleyShe loves architecture, sightseeing and going to museums. She loves good food and the sun.

4 Writing, reading, and speakinga Write a vacation profile for yourself. It can be a

bit longer than the examples in exercise 3.

b In pairs, exchange your profiles and choose the best destination of the three (Sydney, Oman, or Rome) for your partner. Discuss your recommendations.

Wonderful World, Inc.Wonderworld Holidays, Inc.Wonderworld House, 435 Main Street, Seattle WA 98117Telephone: (123) 482-2193 Fax: (123) 482-2194

BIG WONDER COMPETITIONDear Prizewinner!Congratulations! You aren’t going to be an armchair traveler any more. You’ve won a vacation for two people and have three choices of destination.Sincerely,

Mike Ashbycompet i t ion manager

4 Writing, reading, and speaking

RomeThe city for everybody who loves good food! Sit on the terrace and enjoy watching the people while eating wonderful pasta, pizza, and ice cream. Spend the rest of your day exploring the history of Rome – the Colosseum, the Pantheon, and a whole range of wonderful palaces and other historic buildings.

SydneyEnjoy the sun, sea, and

sand in beautiful Sydney.

See the amazing Sydney

Harbor Bridge. Then relax

on Bondi Beach and decide

where you want to spend

the evening – you have a

fantastic choice of places

to go to in the evenings

and there’s always lots of

wonderful food.

OmanEnjoy Oman with its renowned Arabian hospitality

and unspoiled countryside. Muscat is the perfect

base to explore the city and the rugged mountains

behind. Ras al Jinz is a small sandy bay reached

via the stunning water pools and shady canyons of

Wadi Bani Khalid. Here you can watch greenback

turtles come ashore to nest all year round.

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Lesson2 Seeing the world

2 The real thing

Unit 1

Mass passenger transportation really began with trains (1825) and buses (1895). Both kinds of transportation have changed a lot over the years, and there are now high-speed trains that get you to your destination much quicker – the TGV in France, the Bullet Train in Japan, and the ICE in Germany, for example. Buses and trains continue to provide a means of transportation for most people in the world.

The other type of mass transportation is, of course, the airplane. Airplanes have been used for taking passengers for only the last 50 years. Jet planes were first used for passengers in 1952, and in 1970, jumbo jets were introduced. They allowed enormous numbers of people to fly from country to country and continent to continent quickly, safely, and relatively cheaply.

The numbers of passengers now are impressive. Chicago’s O’Hare Airport claims that it is the busiest in the world, moving almost 200,000 passengers a day, over 70 million a year. The management of London’s Heathrow Airport says it moves the most international passengers (many of O’Hare’s passengers are on domestic flights), with over 60 million a year on more than 90 different airlines. But Chicago and London are closely followed by Atlanta, Paris, and hundreds of other airports around the world. How will transportation change in the next 50 years?

c In groups, discuss these questions.

1 Haveyoueverflowninanairplane?2 Whatarethemostcommonformsof

transportationinyourcountry?3 Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesof

eachformoftransportation?4 Howdoyouprefertotravel?

1 Reading and speakinga In pairs or groups, discuss a trip each of you

has made in Saudi Arabia or abroad. Use these questions to help you.

1 Wheredidyougo? 2 Whydidyougo? 3 Howdidyoutravel–bybus,train,car,plane, orsomeothermeansoftransportation? 4 Didyouenjoythetrip? 5 Why?/Whynot?

b Read the article and complete these notes.

Firstpassengertrainservice:

(1)____________________________________

Firstbusservice:

(2)____________________________________

Firstpassengerjet-planeservice:

(3)____________________________________

Firstjumbo-jetservice:

(4)____________________________________

World’sbusiestairport:

(5)____________________________________

(6)______________________passengersaday,

(7)_______________________________ayear.

World’sbusiestinternationalairport:

(8)____________________________________

(9)____________________passengersayear,

(10)____________________differentairlines.

1825

Getting thereGetting there

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Unit 1

3 Grammar builder: reporting statements and opinions

a Look at the examples of reported statements in exercise 2a again. Divide each one into two parts and answer the questions.

I think / she’s there.

1 Which word sometimes connects the two parts, but is often omitted, especially in informal speech?

2 Are these sentences in English like similar sentences in your language?

b Complete these sentences with your own ideas. Then, in pairs or groups, compare your sentences.

1 Themanwhowasarrestedclaims…2 Mybestfriendtellsme…3 Manypeoplebelieve…4 Ithink…

b Write your impressions of the city. You could write three or four short paragraphs.

We both know the city of _____________ and we think _______________________.It is one of our favorite places. It has / There are _________________________. We think the people __________________.They _____________________________.There are many restaurants with ________.The city also has_____________________.Finally, we can say that ________________________________________________.

c In groups, read all the essays and talk about the cities. Then, in your original pairs, read your own essay again and see if you can improve it.

4 Speaking, writing, and readinga In pairs, select a city you both know where

tourism is (or could become) important, and complete these notes. The city may be in Saudi Arabia or abroad.

Nameofthecity:__________________________

Ourimpressionsof…

thecity:___________________________________

___________________________________________

thepeople:________________________________

___________________________________________

therestaurantsandaccommodation:

__________________________________________

___________________________________________

2 Word builder: say / tell, and other reporting verbs

a Look at these examples of reporting verbs. Then answer the questions below.

I think she’s there. But I haven’t seen her for a while.Emma tells me that you are an excellent student.London’s Heathrow Airport says it moves the most international passengers. Chicago’s O’Hare Airport claims that it is the busiest in the world. I believe we’ve met before somewhere. Is that possible?

1 Whichtwoverbsindicatethatthespeakerisnotcompletelysureabouttheinformationoridea?

2 Whichverbindicatesthattheinformationmaybeexaggeratedornottrue?

3 Ofsayandtell,whichoneisandwhichoneisnotfollowedbyanobjectpronounoranoun(thepersonwhoreceivestheinformation)?

b Now complete these sentences, using reporting verbs from above. There may be more than one possible option.

1 Experts________tourismwillcontinuetogrow.

2 They__________thattravelbroadensthemind.

3 OursonlivesinKualaLumpur.He______________usrealMalaysianfoodisfantastic.

4 Lotsofcitiesaroundtheworld___________thattheyaremorehospitablethananyother.

5 Personally,I___________myowncityisthemosthospitableintheworld.AmIprejudiced?

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3 Visitors from abroad

Unit 1

LOCaTION: Marylebone Road, London NW1 5LR, one block from the Baker Street tube station.

OPENING TIMEs: Weekdays 10:00–5:00; weekends 9:30–5:30.

HIsTORy: Marie Grosholtz (1761–1850) was born in Strasbourg, and when her father died, her mother went to Berne to work for a doctor. He created anatomical models from wax, and he taught Marie his art. She was very talented and soon began making wax figures of famous and important people. At the end of the 18th century, Marie married François Tussaud and became Madame Tussaud. The French economy was in decline after the French Revolution, so Madame Tussaud moved her exhibition of models to England. The exhibition opened as a museum in 1835.Today, there are over 400 figures in the museum, representing all types of celebrities. There are historical and political figures like Gandhi and Nelson Mandela, sports figures like Tiger Woods and Mohammad Ali and actors like Sean Connery and Charlie Chaplin. Over 2.5 million people per year visit Madame Tussaud’s to see the incredibly lifelike wax models.

1 Listeninga Listen to some tourists asking for information in London.

Choose the correct ending for each statement.

1 Thetouristsareinterestedin… a)shopping b)placestogotointheevening c)placesofinterest/cultureandhistory

2 Thepersontheytalktois… a)friendlyandhelpful b)rude c)notinterested

b Listen again. What do the tourists decide to do?

2 Reading Use information from the guidebook to answer the tourist’s questions.

1 Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to Madame Tussaud’s?2 Canyoutellmewhattimethemuseumcloses?3 Doyouknowwhenthemuseumfirstopened?4 Doyouknowhowmanymodelsareinthemuseum?5 Whatkindsofcelebritiesarerepresentedinthemuseum?6 Howmanypeoplevisitthemuseumeachyear?

3 MadameTussaud’sis… a)veryfar b)ablockahead c)verynear

4 Thecaféis… a)aroundthecorner b)ontheleft c)straightahead

M A D A M E T U S S A U D ’ S

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Unit 1

4 Pronunciation: intonation – question forms

a Listen to these sentences and mark the intonation.

Do you know if there’s a bank near here?

1 Canyoutellmewherethebankis?

2 Whattimeisit?

3 Where’sthebusstop?

4 Doyouknowwhichbusweneedtotake?

b Listen again and repeat the sentences.

5 Speaking In pairs, practice helping foreign visitors in

your city. Student A, ask questions; Student B, answer the questions.

A: Can you tell me where / when / what time / how much / if …?

Do you know where / when / what time / how much / if …?

B: Sure, … I’m sorry. I don’t know where / when /

what time / how much / if … Sorry. I have no idea where / when /

what time / how much / if …

3 Grammar builder: requesting and stating information

a Look at these pairs of sentences and answer the questions.

1 a) WhereisMadameTussaud’s? b)CanyoutellmewhereMadameTussaud’sis?2 a)Whattimedoesitopen? b)Doyouknowwhattimeitopens?3 a)Isthereacafénearhere? b)Doyouknowifthere’sacafénearhere?

1 Whatisthedifferencebetweenthebeginningofsentenceaandbineachpair?2 Whichquestionssoundmorepoliteineachpair,aorb?3 Howisthewordorderafterwhere / what time / ifinsentencebdifferentfromthequestioninsentencea?4 Whichrequestsforinformationinexercise2aredirectquestions(likea)andwhichareindirectquestions (likeb)?

b Make these direct questions more polite by beginning with Do you know …? or Can you tell me …?

1 Wherearethesouvenirs?___________________________________________________________________?

2 HowmuchdoesthisT-shirtcost?___________________________________________?

3 IstherearestaurantinMadameTussaud’s?____________________________________________________?

4 CanIparkhere?____________________________________________________?

5 Whattimedoesthemuseumclose?____________________________________________________?

6 Howdotheymakethesewaxmodels?____________________________________________________?

c Complete this conversation using the words in parentheses.

A: Excuseme.Canyoutellmewhere_____________________________________________________?(the Sherlock Holmes Museum)

B: Yes,it’sonBakerStreet,onlythreeorfourblocksfromhere.

A: Oh,good.Doyouknowif_________________yet?(open)

B: Sorry.Idon’tknowwhattime______________.(open)

A: Well,doyouknowwhere_________________agoodEnglishbreakfastnearhere?(can get)

B: No,sorry.Ihavenoidea.I’mfromMelbourne,Australia,actually.

Do you know where

Do you know ifCan you tell me how much

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12 Unit 1


Lifeline to tourism and hospitality

Lesson

Lifeline4

2 Speaking and readinga Look at these photographs. In groups,

answer the questions.

1 Whatdoyouknow orimagineabout thescenes?2 Whydoyouthink peoplegotoeach location?3 Doyou,orany relativesorfriends, knowtheseplaces?

Onein(1)__________workingpeopleisemployedintourism.

(5)_____________and(6)____________havemoretourismthananywhereelseintheworld.

5

10

15

Globalinvestment

Taxrevenues

B

EnglisharistocratsinVeniceinthelate19thcentury

tourism(2)_____%

1 Speaking and listeninga Look at the charts and guess the missing facts.

b Listen and check your guesses. Correct them where necessary.

A Harrods,London

GlobalGrossDomesticProduct

(3)________ (4)________

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13Unit 1


b Read the summary from the chapter of a book on tourism and hospitality. Match the underlined items with the photographs.

c In pairs, answer these questions.1 Whyhasinternationaltourismchangedsince the1950s?2 Lookatthetouristdestinationsmentioned.Can younameanexampleofeachinyourcountry?3 Whyisthefieldoftourismreferredtoas TourismandHospitality?

3 Speaking and writinga In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 Whattypesoftourismareimportant inSaudiArabia? a)low-costmasstourism b)high-costelitetourism c)adventureoreco-tourism

2 Istourismprimarilydomesticorforeign?

3 Whatspecialeventsorfestivalsincreasetourism?

4 WhataresomeoftheproblemswithtourisminSaudiArabia?Howcouldtheybesolved?

b Work with another pair and write down your ideas.

c Have a class discussion on the present and the future of tourism in Saudi Arabia.

C

TheGreatPyramids

F

Petra,Jordan

E

ClockTower,AlBaitTower,Makkah

Summary

International tourism has a long history, going back to medieval pilgrimages and (1) aristocratic “Grand Tours,” but it has completely changed since the 1950s. There are two main

reasons for this: the increased incomes and leisure time of the middle and lower classes in industrialized countries, and the dramatic advances in the speed and decreases in the cost of long-distance transportation, particularly air transportation. International tourists now have the necessary money and time to travel abroad. Tourist destinations vary. The most popular are still beach resorts. However, the range of tourist attractions is enormous, including (2) old cities and monuments, (3) archeological sites, museums and galleries, amusement parks, safari parks, winter resorts, sports events, natural sights and phenomena, cultural events, festivals, and (4) shopping. One big decision for any organization involved with tourist planning is whether to emphasize low-cost mass tourism or high-cost elite tourism. Key factors in the success of any tourist project are value for money, efficiency, and hospitality. That last concept has become standard in naming the tourist industry: Tourism and Hospitality.

D

TheEiffelTower,Paris

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Our world is, to a large extent, the result of things people invented. Imagine a world without textiles, chemical processes, or paper! The people in ancient Mesopotamia invented the wheel in 3800 B.C.E. They also invented the sailboat and developed the world’s first written laws.A number system based on ten was developed by the ancient Egyptians, and a 365-day calendar. Textiles for clothes were also invented by them. The Egyptians were also the first people to use skin moisturizer and scented soaps, as early as 4000 B.C.E. People cleaned their skin with oils and creams.The ancient Greeks started the Olympic Games in 776 B.C.E., as well as trial by jury and democracy. During the Islamic Golden Age, Jabir ibn Hayyan founded chemistry. He devised and perfected the distillation process – a process which is still used today. He discovered vitally important acids like sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acid.The Chinese were prolific inventors and were responsible for inventing paper in about 100 C.E., and they invented gunpowder and the compass.

1 Readinga Read these definitions and decide which one

refers to a discovery and which one to an invention.

1 Whensomeonefindsoutaboutsomethinghe/shedidnotknowaboutbefore.

2 Whensomeonemakessomethingthathasneverbeenmadeorusedbefore.

b Which of these things were inventions and which were discoveries?

1 fire 2 chemistry 3 paper 4 gold

2 Reading and speakinga In pairs, match the items in the

photographs with the ancient civilizations you associate them with.

1 China___2 Egypt___ 3 Mesopotamia___ 4 Greece___5 Islamiccivilization,Iran___

b Read the text to check your answers.

B

C

D

Ancient inventorsAncient inventors

A

E

Unit 2 Progress?

Unit 2

1 Early breakthroughs

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4 Listening and speakinga Look at the picture. In pairs, describe

what you can see.

b Listen to a part of a radio program about a famous historical scientist. Who is described as "the father of photography"?

c Listen again and check (✔) the sentences T (true) or F (false).

1 Theseriesofprogramsisaboutearlyscientists. T F

2 Ibnal-Haythamwasoneofthegreatestphysicistsofalltime. T F

3 Ibnal-Haythamworkedinmanydifferentscientificareas. T F

4 Heisequallyfamousforhisworkinalltheseareas. T F

5 Hedidallhisworkinadarkroom. T F

6 Hedidn’thimselftakeaphotograph. T F

7 Peopleusedhisinventiontotakephotographsmanyyearslater. T F

3 Word builder: word formation

Completethistablewiththecorrectformsofeachword.

c Read the text again more carefully and complete the timeline of inventions.

d In pairs, decide which three inventions mentioned in the text were the most important and why. Compare your list with that of another pair.

B.C.E. C.E.

4000 3800 2000 100 skin the moisturizers wheel and soap

Progress? Lesson1

Unit 2

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Verb Nounfortheactivity Nounfortheperson

invent

painting

cleaner

write

producer

development

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Lesson2 Progress?

2 Important inventions

Unit 2

1 Speakinga In pairs, match each item on the right with

the year in which the item was invented. 1899 1848 1947 1982 1816

b Can you think of any other modern inventions that are important? With your partner, make a list. Compare your list with that of another pair.

PerfumePerfume was invented by Al-Kindi who was born about 801 in Iraq. Al-Kindi was a leading, recognized scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad when it was the thriving capital of the Islamic world. Al-Kindi wrote over 361 books on a variety of subjects but his most famous was The Book of the Chemistry of Perfume and Distillation. In this book, he describes the distillation of alcohol to produce perfume. But his work had practical applications and with his research other items could be made like ink, lacquers, solders, cement, and imitation pearls. Today, people associate France with perfume, not the land of the original inventor.

Rubber tireIn the 1830s, rubber was a new material. Everybody wanted things made of the new waterproof gum from Brazil, but the problem was that it became hard in the winter and soft and sticky in the summer. Charles Goodyear, an American, knew there must be a solution. He tried many ways to make rubber a better material, but he just lost

money. Finally, in 1839, he discovered that heat and sulfur made rubber weatherproof. Unfortunately, he didn’t apply for a patent. In 1843, an Englishman, Thomas Hancock, reinvented “vulcanized” rubber and applied for a patent a few weeks before Goodyear did! When Goodyear died in 1860, he was $200,000 in debt. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company has nothing to do with Charles Goodyear; it was just named in his honor.

b In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 WhatisonesimilaritybetweenAl-KindiandCharlesGoodyear?

2 Whatisonedifferencebetweenthem?

3 Whyarepatentsimportant?

2 Reading, writing, and speakinga Work in pairs. Student A, read the first excerpt; Student B, read the second excerpt.

Write notes for your text. Then read your partner’s notes and check them against the appropriate excerpt.

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Progress? Lesson2

Unit 2

3 Grammar builder: past passive

a Look at these examples and answer the questions below.

Passive active

The company was named in Goodyear’s honor. They named the company in Goodyear’s honor.Textiles were invented by the ancient Egyptians. The ancient Egyptians invented textiles.

1 Whendoweusethepassivevoiceratherthanthe activevoice?2 Howisthepastpassiveformed?3 Whatdoesbyindicate?4 Isthereasimilarstructureinyourlanguage?

b Change these sentences from active to passive voice.

1 JonasSalkdevelopedthepoliovaccinein1957.2 RobertGoddardlaunchedthefirstliquid-fueledrocketin1926.3 TheSwissmadethefirstmilk-chocolatebarsinthe1870s.4 SteveJobscommercializedtheAppleMacintoshcomputerin1984.

c Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the verbs in parentheses.

1 Dynamite___________________________(invent)byAlfredNobelin1866.

2 Nobel___________________________(leave)hisfortunetoestablishthefamousprizes.

3 ThepyramidsofCheopsandGiza___________________________(build)morethan4,000yearsago.

4 ThePharaohKhafre___________________________(build)theGreatPyramidofGizaaround2600B.C.E.

5 TheTombofTutankhamun___________________________(discover)in1922.

4 Speaking, writing, and readinga Select a modern product or service that has changed your life

significantly. Write a short paragraph about what your life was like before you had the product or service, and another paragraph about how your life has been different since. Look at the box for ideas.

b In groups, read one another’s essays. Then talk about your experiences and ideas. Is there any product or service that several of you have written about?

cable/satelliteTV laptopcomputer microwavecellphone personalorganizer solarpanelstextmessaging digitalcamera Internetelectronicbanking disposablecontactlenses fluvaccineinstantmessaging iPod

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Lesson3 Progress?

3 Unexpected outcomes

Unit 2

1 Speaking and listeninga Look at the photograph. In pairs, discuss where you think these

people come from. Why do you think they are greeting each other?

b Listen to the conversation. How close were your ideas?

c Now listen again and answer these questions.

1 WhatwasJackgoingtostudy,andwhatdidhestudy?2 WhydidJacklookforjobsinSaudiArabiaandothercountries?3 WhydoeshelikehislifeinRiyadh?4 Whatishislongtermplan?

d In groups, discuss the roles that planning and chance have had in your lives.

3 Pronunciation: weak forms – was / were

a Listen to the completed sentences from exercise 2b. Are your ideas similar?

b Listen again. Notice the pronunciation of was and were. Are these words stressed?

c In pairs, practice your sentences from exercise 2b.

2 Grammar builder: using was / were going to

a Look at these examples.

I was going to study mathematics, but I majored in chemistry instead.I was going to get a job in Chicago, but there weren’t any decent vacancies.

When do we use was / were going to?

1 forasituationinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast2 forafutureplanorintention3 foraplanorintentioninthepastthatdidn’thappen

b Complete the sentences in a logical way. In pairs, compare your sentences.

1 Iwasgoingtocallyou,but…2 Weweregoingtoinviteyoutothegame,but…3 Chriswasgoingtoplaytennis,but…

c In pairs, write was / were going to sentences expressing the same ideas as these sentences.

1 Hisplanwastogotouniversity,buthedidn’tpasshisexams.

He_____________________________________________________________________________________.

2 Theydidn’tbuytwocarsbecausetheyonlyhadmoneyforone.

They______________________________________________________________________________________.

3 Myintentionwastoarrivetenminutesearly,butIcouldn’tgetataxi.

I____________________________________________________________________________________________________.

d Write two or three sentences about yourself, following the example. In groups, read and discuss your sentences.

I was going to study veterinary medicine, but I wasn’t good in biology, so I studied languages instead.

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Progress? Lesson3

Unit 2

4 Speaking and readinga In pairs, look at the photograph below and

discuss these questions.

1 Whatisthissimpleinvention?2 Whatisitusedfor?3 Doyouuseit?4 Whatdidpeopleusebeforethisproductexisted?

b Read the article and number the events below in order. In pairs, compare your sequence of events.

________ Mr.Frydiscoversausefortheadhesive.________ Developmentoftheproductstops.________ Thecompany3Mmakesmoveablenotes.________ Mr.Silverinventsanadhesivethatistooweak.

Post-it® NotesThere are many examples in history of things that were invented by mistake – things that were going to be one thing but became something else. For example, in 1970, a man named Spencer Silver, who worked for 3M, was going to develop a new, stronger adhesive. He produced a new adhesive, but

unfortunately, it was even weaker than the one 3M manufactured already. It was very improbable that 3M could find a use for the new adhesive, so work on it was stopped.

One of Silver’s colleagues, Arthur Fry, sang in a choir. Four years after Silver invented his adhesive, Fry remembered it and realized that there was a use for it. He used pieces of paper to find his

place in his song book, but they kept falling out. He decided to use some of the adhesive to keep the paper in place. Because the adhesive was so weak, the paper could be removed and didn’t damage the page.Eventually, in 1980, ten years after Silver developed the very weak adhesive, 3M started selling Post-it® Notes, the moveable notes that can easily be removed again. A great success story came from an unsuccessful beginning!

5 Word builder: negative and opposite prefixes

a Write the words in the box in the appropriate section of the table below according to their prefix (im-, in-, ir-, un-). In pairs, discuss the meanings of these words. Use a dictionary if necessary.

unsuccessful improbable incredibleirrational unreasonable inconvenientimmoral irrelevant

b In pairs, give the words in the box below a negative or opposite meaning by adding a prefix. Then write them in the appropriate section of the table. Again, use a dictionary if necessary.

correct responsible happypolite healthy comprehensibleregular reliable formalreplaceable necessary dependent

c Write sentences with three or four of the words you consider most useful. In groups, compare your sentences.

im- in- ir- un-

c In pairs, choose the best title for the article. Discuss each possible title in relation to the text.

1 Post-it®Notes–ResultofaTen-YearDevelopmentProgram2 AFailureThatBecameaSuccess:TheStoryofPost-it®Notes3 How3MDevelopedPost-it®Notes

There are many examples in history of things that were invented by mistake – things that were going to be one thing but became something else. For example, in 1970, a man named Spencer Silver, who worked for 3M, was going to develop a new, stronger adhesive. He produced a new adhesive, but unfortunately, it was even weaker than the one 3M manufactured already. It was very improbable that 3M could find a use for the new adhesive,

so work on it was stopped.One of Silver’s colleagues, Arthur Fry, sang in a choir. Four years

after Silver invented his adhesive, Fry remembered it and realized

place in his song book, but they kept falling out. He decided to use some of the adhesive to keep the paper in place. Because the adhesive was so weak, the paper could be removed and didn’t damage the page.Eventually, in 1980, ten years after Silver developed the very weak adhesive, 3M started selling Post-it® Notes, the moveable notes that can easily be removed again. A great success story came from an unsuccessful beginning!

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20

ForwardBack

Address http://www.internet-questionnaire

INTERNET QUESTIONNAIRE

Favorites4 History4 Search4

StopHomeRefreshTools LibraryMail

ForwardBack



Favorites4 History4 Search4

StopHomeRefreshTools LibraryMail

Internet Facts

The Internet: computer-based, worldwide information network connecting millions of computers and making it possible for people all over the world to communicate effectively and inexpensivelyNumber of users: over 300 millionWorld Wide Web: a set of programs, standards, and protocols governing the way in which multimedia files are created and displayed on the InternetDate of launch of WWW: 1991Main uses of Internet: access to databases, on-line commerce (e-commerce), different forms of communication (voice and video conferencing), e-mail, finding information

1 Speaking and readinga In groups, discuss these

questions.

1 WhatistheWorldWideWeb?

2 WhatdopeopleusetheWebfor?

3 DoyouusetheInternet?Ifso,how?

b Read the text to find some of the answers to the questions.

2 Listeninga Listen to the talk about Tim Berners-Lee. What

did he do that is so remarkable?

b Listen again and number the events in the order you hear them.

1 HestudiedatOxford._______

2 HegotajobatMIT(MassachusettsInstituteof Technology)._______

3 HisWorldWideWebwaslaunched._______

4 HewasbornandraisedinLondon. _______

5 HeinventedHTML(HyperTextMark- upLanguage)._______

6 Hestartedtodevelophisideasforthe WebinSwitzerland._______

4Lesson4 Progress?

20 Unit 2

Lifeline to information technology (I.T.)

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21Unit 2

Nov. 28 – Moved in at last. Now we live in the smartest house in the neighborhood. Everything is networked. The cable TV is connected to the phone, which is connected to my personal computer. The computer is also connected to the electricity, the appliances, and the security system.

Nov. 30 – Great! I programmed my VCR from the office, turned up the heat, and turned on the lights with the car phone. I was going to do some more stuff, but I didn’t have time.

Dec. 3 – Yesterday the kitchen crashed! As I opened the refrigerator, the light bulb broke. Immediately, everything else was automatically shut down – lights, microwave, coffeemaker, everything. I called the cable company, who told me to call the electric company. They told me it’s a software problem. The software company says it’s an electrical problem.

Dec. 12 – Finally got the kitchen on-line, but now there’s a virus in the house! I came home today, and the living room is much too hot and damp –its like a jungle–, the bedroom windows are covered with ice, the refrigerator has defrosted, the laundry room was flooded by the washing machine, and the TV is stuck on the news! On my computer there is a message: Welcome to the Home Destroyer Game!

Dec. 18 – The house is functioning now, but it’s still a mess. The anti-virus team told me I was lucky – there’s a virus worse than this one!

Dec. 19 – We discover the house isn’t insured for viruses. The insurance company is very sorry, but they can’t anticipate every little problem.

Dec. 21 – The Smart House sales rep calls me. We can try the Smart House upgrade for free – our house can be even smarter! “Oh, great,” I tell him.

S M A R T H O U S E

3 Speaking, reading, and writing

a In pairs, look at the house in the photograph.

1 Doesitlookdifferentfrom otherhouses?2 Whatdoyouthinkisspecial

aboutthis“smarthouse”?

b Read the article. Then in pairs, discuss these questions.

1 Wheredoyouthinkthe articlecomesfrom?

a) ascientificjournal b)aninstructionmanual c)ageneral-interest magazine

2 Whataresomeofthe problemsmentionedinthe article?

3 Doyouthinkthearticleisa factualaccount?

c In groups, pick one room in your house and imagine it as a “smart” room. Write a paragraph describing the room. Use ideas from the box to help you.

d Share your ideas with your classmates.

• oventhatmakesfoodfromrecipesyouprogramin

• automatedlightingaccordingtowhatyouaredoing:workingorrelaxing

• doorthatopensautomaticallywhenyouapproachit

• windowsthatclosewhenitrains

Progress? Lesson4

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1 Speakinga In pairs, look at the photographs. What are the most important

factors in buying these kinds of items?

price quality design convenience other factors

b Make a list of the last three non-food items you bought. Why did you buy them? Compare your list with your partner’s.

2 Listening and speakinga Listen to the conversation between two friends and check (✔)

the articles of clothing you hear.

1 running shoes 5 tie 9 T-shirt

2 sweater 6 jacket 10 top

3 jeans 7 dress 11 boots

4 shirt 8 shorts 12 shoes

b Listen to the conversation again. What do Stephanie and Ann think about when they buy their clothes?

c In groups, answer these questions.

1 When was the last time you bought some clothes?2 What did you buy?3 Where did you buy the items?4 How long did you take to choose the clothes?5 How did you pay for the clothes?6 Why did you buy the items?

Unit 3 Consumerism

1 Patterns of buying

Unit 3

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3 Word builder: clothes

a Complete the sentences below with words and phrases from the box. Use a dictionary if necessary. You can use each word only once.

fashionable cool “in” out of fashion bargain fit(s) suit(s) match(es)

1 What’s ______________________ is important

for me. I don’t want to be seen wearing stuff

that’s ______________________.

2 If black is the ______________________ color,

I want to wear it. Of course, white is a

______________________ color at the moment.

3 Look, I bought this blue top. It

______________________ my blue pants

perfectly, and it was a real

______________________ – only $15.

4 A: Those shoes really ______________________

you. You look great in them.

B: But they don’t ______________________ me.

Do you have a larger size?

b In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 What are some fashionable trends at the moment? 2 What are the “in” colors this year?3 What clothes do you personally think are cool?4 Where can you usually find good clothing bargains?

4 Reading and speakinga Read the article quickly and identify the two

types of promotion that are mentioned.

b Read the article again and answer these questions.

1 What kinds of people endorse products?2 Which sports are mentioned?3 What kinds of events do companies sponsor?4 Why do the two kinds of promotion mentioned work?


1 What brands of products do you use?2 Do you think advertising influenced your decision to buy these brands, or was it a friend’s influence?3 In Saudi Arabia, who endorses products? Which companies sponsor events?

hy do people buy certain products like designer running

shoes, particular cell phones, or even

shampoo? Very often they decide what to buy based on what they see advertised in magazines or on TV. Cell phones and other products are often endorsed by famous TV stars or sports stars – people like Khalid Al Balooshi, the Qatari racing car driver, and David Beckham. The message they give is “if you use this product, you can look like me!”

Lots of products are endorsed by famous people – particularly sports equipment. Football player Ronaldo endorses football equipment, and tennis champion Rafael Nadal promotes tennis rackets. The idea is the same – if

you use this type of tennis racket, you’ll play tennis like Rafael Nadal!

The other way companies promote their products is through sponsorship. Companies sponsor art exhibits, and even big sports events like the Olympic Games. If

you watch Formula 1 auto racing, you’ll see lots of advertisements everywhere. Companies know that millions of people watch these events and see their company’s name. Does it work? Just ask yourself what brands of products you use.

Consumerism Lesson1

Unit 3

W

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1 Speakinga Which companies do you associate with the products listed? Write down

one or two names for each product. Compare your answers with those of a partner.

toothpaste burgers soft drinks jeans computer programs video games cell phones soap running shoes

b Why do you think you remembered these companies?

2 Reading and speakinga Answer these questions.

1 Wheredoyouusuallyseeadvertisements?

2 What advertisements have you been seeing a lot recently?

3 What made you remember those particular advertisements?

b Now read the article and list the places where advertising is used.

c Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 Whydocompaniesadvertisetheirproductsorservices?

2 Why do advertisers use slogans?

3 What is one thing advertisers use to make people buy their products?

4 How may shopping change in the near future?

2 The hard sell

Lesson2 Consumerism

Unit 3

b

c

Advertising sells!Years ago, companies discovered that

advertising helped to sell more products

and services. As early as the 1890s,

advertising was already appearing everywhere – in newspapers and magazines, on billboards by the road,

on the sides of buildings, and even on

paper bags. Companies also realized

the importance of slogans to make their products more recognizable and

memorable. Some slogans haven’t changed: Kellogg, for example, first used

the slogan "Snap, Crackle and Pop" to advertise the breakfast cereal "Rice

Crispies" in 1933. The slogan, in fact, does not describe the sound made by

the cereal when milk is added. But it was effective, and Kellogg has been

using it ever since then.

Times haven’t changed much. Advertisers have been using the same

techniques for many years. They use people’s anxieties about themselves to

promote their products and make them buy books to improve their social

skills, shampoo to stop dandruff, and soaps that don’t damage the skin. The

names of products are also important – who doesn’t know about Panda

Supermarkets and Big Macs? And what about trademarks – everybody

knows these names: Coca-Cola, Intel, Pepsi, Gillette, Pampers and Nescafé.

We know these things because we are bombarded by TV ads for everything

from cereal to cars 24 hours a day. And now? The Internet is the new place

to advertise. It gives companies a new way of advertising that will probably

change the way we shop.

the importance of slogans to make their products more recognizable and

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4 Listening, writing, and speakinga Listen to the interview with a marketing expert.

List the four key factors he mentions for marketing a product or a service.

b In pairs, think of a new product or a new brand of product. Look at the marketing plan on the right. Now write a plan for marketing your product. Consider the four key factors.

c With another pair, read each other’s plans. Now imagine the plans have been put into practice, but the results have not been good. Discuss the marketing strategies and what should be changed. In your opinion:

1 does the other pair have a good product for the market?

2 have they been selling it at an appropriate price?3 have they been promoting it in the right

places and in the right way?4 would their promotion convince you to buy

the product? Why? / Why not?

3 Grammar builder: present perfect progressive

a Look at these examples and answer the questions below.

Advertisers have been using the same techniques for many years.Have you been watching the documentaries on Channel 5?He hasn’t been sleeping well recently.

1 Does the present perfect progressive indicate a past activity that is still continuing, or one that is over?2 What is the structure of the present perfect progressive? What are the three verbs used and the form of

each one?

b Complete the sentences with the present perfect progressive form of the verbs in parentheses.

1 Companies ____________________________ (advertise) on TV since the 1940s.

2 How long ____________ the game ______________________ (play).

3 Advertisers ____________________________ (use) slogans for well over 100 years.

4 I’m tired because I ____________________________ (study) for an exam.

5 We ____________________________ (not live) here for very long, so I don’t know the area well.

c Write two or three sentences about activities that you have been doing or situations that you have been living in. In groups, read and discuss your sentences.

A: I’ve been writing my thesis.B: When do you think you’ll finish it?A: In a month or two, I hope.

Product:

The product is a robot burglar alarm. It moves around the house while …

Price:

This product is for the upper sector of the market – people who buy expensive things. We can charge …

This product needs to be available in locations where the kind of people we are targeting shop. That means …

Promotion:

We need to present this product as something that rich people want to be the first to buy. A personal …

Consumerism Lesson2

Place or Distribution:

Unit 3

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Walt Disney Fact Sheet AAmount of money Disney invested in first full-length animated cartoon:

____________________________________________

Amount of money it earned in two years:

____________________________________________

Date and cost of Disneyland Park, California:

________________________

Location of other theme parks:

________________________

Date Disney died:

________________________

Number of cartoons made:

________________________

1 Word builder: collocation

Match the verbs with the phrases.

1 win ___ a) an advertising cartoonist2 appear in ___ b) a studio3 set up ___ c) an Oscar4 invest ___ d) 750 artists5 work as ___ e) the first theme park6 employ ___ f ) $1,499,0007 launch ___ g) the first sound cartoon

2 Speaking, reading, and writinga Look at the photographs and answer these questions.

1 Which company owns this building?2 Which cartoons or TV shows have you seen made by this company?3 Did you like them? Why? / Why not?

b What do you know about Walt Disney? Write three things you know about him or his company and tell your classmates.

c In pairs, look at the fact sheets below. Student A, ask Student B questions to complete Fact Sheet A. (Student B, find the information in your reading passage on page 79); Student B, ask Student A questions to complete Fact Sheet B. (Student A, find the information in your reading passage on page 79).

d Now read both texts to check your answers. What other information did you learn about Walt Disney?

Walt Disney Fact Sheet B

Date Disney was born:

________________________

Place he was born:

________________________

His early interests:

________________________

His first job:

_____________________________________________

Date he went to Hollywood:

_____________________________________________

Date and place Mickey Mouse first appeared:

_____________________________________________

Date of first full-length animated cartoon:

_____________________________________________

Lesson3 Consumerism

3 Spotlight on a corporation

Unit 3

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4 Pronunciation: review of numbers

a Read these rules. Then practice the numbers below.

• With dates, use ordinal numbers. You see: December 5, 1901; you say: December fifth, nineteen oh one.

• With money, you see: $8 million; you say: eight million dollars.

• Large numbers are divided into millions, thousands, and hundreds: 1,377,468 is one million, three hundred seventy-seven thousand, four hundred sixty-eight.

1 January 27, 1989 4 March 4, 2001 2 $4,240 5 $1,499,0003 270,860 6 8,934,756

b Listen and check.

c Write four numbers and dates. Read them to a partner and ask him / her to write them. Check to see if they are correct.

5 Listening and speakinga Work in groups and discuss these questions.

1 WhatactivitiesistheWaltDisneyCompanyinvolvedin?

2 WhichDisneyproductshaveyoubought?

b Listen to the radio interview with a business journalist. Check (✔) the business areas you hear for the Disney Corporation.

TV and movie production

Cruise line

Theme parks

Agriculture

Fashion design

Internet companies

Publishing companies

Professional sports team franchise

Software company

ABC Television

c In groups, think of other big companies you know. What areas are they involved in?

Swatch, the watch maker, has now joined with Mercedes to make cars!

3 Grammar builder: present perfect progressive vs. present perfect simple

a In pairs, look at these examples and answer the questions below.A To date, the Disney company has made almost 50 full-length

cartoons.

B I’ve been writing my thesis. I should finish soon.1 In which example do you have to use the present perfect

progressive?2 In which example do you have to use the present perfect?3 Why do you have to use the present perfect progressive

in one example and the present perfect simple in the other?

b Write two sentences about something you’ve been doing and will (or may) continue to do, and two sentences about something you’ve done and completed. In pairs, read your sentences and talk about them.

In many sentences with the present perfect progressive, the present perfect simple could also be used.

I’ve been studying English for two years. I’ve studied English for two years.

But there is sometimes a clear contrast. I’ve read this book means you’ve finished it, while I’ve been reading this book means you haven’t finished it yet.

The present perfect progressive is frequently used when there is evidence resulting from the action.

A: You look exhausted. B: Yes, I’ve been running.

However, when the action is clearly completed, the present perfect would be used.

A: You look exhausted. B: Yes, I’ve run three kilometers.

Language assistant

Consumerism Lesson3

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Lesson4 Consumerism

Unit 3

Lesson

4 Lifeline to advertising andmarketing

1 Listening and speakinga In pairs, look at the quiz and guess the facts about advertising.

G E N E R a L

1 In 2000, worldwide spending on advertising was a) $765.9 billion. b) $534.9 billion. c) $435.9 billion.

2 Advertising spending in the U.S. last year grew by a) 2%. b) 7.1%. c) 10%.

3 The most common form of advertising is a) radio. b) magazines. c) TV.

D I R E C T E D aT C H I L D R E N

1 The average American child watches ______________ TV advertisements per year.

a) 10,000 b) 15,000 c) 20,000

2 Brand loyalty can begin to be established as early as age

a) two. b) three. c) four.

3 Children age 14 and under spend ______________ per year of their own money (from allowances, gifts, etc.).

a) $10 billion b) $20 billion c) $30 billion

b Listen to the first part of a talk on advertising and check your answers about general advertising.

c Listen to the second part of the talk and check your answers about children and advertising.

d What kinds of products are often advertised in Saudi Arabia? What are the most common forms of advertising?

2 Reading and speaking

a In pairs, discuss why you think advertisers focus so much on children.

b Read the article on page 29 quickly to find the answer to exercise 2a.

c Read the article again and check (✔) the statements T (true) or F (false).

1 Children spend $500 billion of their own money on products. T F

2 Marketing of children’s products used to focus on parents. T F

3 A lot of advertising is now directed at children. T F

4 Children can influence the products their parents buy. T F

5 Different types of marketing are used to influence children. T F

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Consumerism Lesson4

Unit 3

T oday, children influence $500 billion worth of purchases every year, and, as a result, marketing

techniques have completely changed. In the past, the most effective way to sell children’s products was through Mom and Dad. Now the opposite is true: children are the object of intense

advertising pressure by companies seeking to influence billions of dollars in family spending. Advertisers are aware that children influence the purchase not just of kids’ products, but of everything in the household from cars to toothpaste. Consequently, these “adult” products

are being combined with child-oriented logos and images. Different marketing tools have spread into children’s lives – examples are kid versions of adult magazines, promotional toys linked to movies or TV shows, and logos on all kinds of merchandise everywhere children go.

c h i l d r e n ‘ s Purchasing power

3 Word builder: synonyms

Match these words from the text with their meanings.

1 purchases ____ a) looking for2 techniques ____ b) instruments3 products ____ c) consumer goods4 seeking ____ d) connected with5 household ____ e) home6 tools ____ f ) things you buy7 linked to ____ g) methods

4 Writing and speakinga In pairs, think of an advertisement aimed at

children. Use the questions in the box and the example opposite to help write a description.

What kind of advertisement is it? (TV, radio, billboard, etc.) Which product is it advertising? How often does this advertisement appear? Which children is it aimed at? Girls, boys, or both? Is it aimed at very young children? Do you think it is effective? Why? / Why not?

This is a TV advertisement for video games. It’s on TV every afternoon during all the children’s programs. It’s mostly aimed at boys aged 11 to 13. We think it’s very effective because the boys in the advertisement look like they’re having a great time, and the video games are promoted as the latest “in” thing. You aren’t “cool” if you don’t have them.

b Now describe the advertisement to another pair.

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Parents and children1

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b Complete the following house rules for Shirin. Listen to the conversation again and check.

1 Noallowanceifshedoesn’t________________.

2 NoTVbeforeshe_________________________.

3 Whichroomisshesupposedtokeepcleanandtidy?

c In pairs, write a list of house rules you think parents should give their children. Compare your list with another pair’s. Are they similar?

2 Listening and writinga Listen to Shirin, 15, and her mother talking.

Check (✔) the topics you hear.

money timeonthephone

messybedroom schoolgrades

watchingTV gettinghomelate

takingcareofpets homework

1 Speaking and listeninga What do you think is happening in each photograph?

b Listen to two pieces of conversation. Match each with the appropriate photograph.

1 ___ 2 ___

c In groups, discuss the following question.

Whattopicsdoparentstalkaboutwiththeir15–16-year-oldchildren?

AA

Relationships and Unit 4 communication

Unit 4

B

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sET RuLEs aND BE CONsIsTENT

Discipline is necessary in every family. It can help children to behave acceptably and learn self-control. House rules might include no rudeness, no hitting, and no TV until homework is done. Always follow through with consequences when rules are broken.

MakE TIME fOR yOuR CHILDREN

There are fewer opportunities today for parents to be with their children. Do your best to be available when your children, including older teens, want to talk or participate in family activities. Attend sports events, etc. with your teens – if they want you to!

MakE COMMuNICaTION a PRIORITy

Children often want explanations of their parents’ decisions and expectations. If you don’t take time to explain, they will not appreciate your values and motives. Discuss problems with older children openly and find solutions together. When children participate in decisions they are much more likely to carry them out.

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3 Pronunciation: rhythm

a Listen to these sentences from the conversation between Shirin and her mother, and notice the rhythm. Underline the stressed words, as in sentence 1.

1 Itwasgood,Mother.2 Iwanttotalktoyouaboutyourroom.3 ItidieditalittlethismorningbeforeIwentto school,Mother.4 Whathomeworkhaveyougottoday?5 Thankyou,Mother.Youarekind.

b Practice saying the sentences with the same rhythm.

4 Speaking and reading a In groups, make a list of ways to be a good,

effective parent.

Talk to your children about things that interest them.

Be patient.

b Read this extract from a pamphlet about ways to be an effective parent. How many of these ideas did you include in your list in exercise 4a?

5 Speaking, reading, and writinga Read this e-mail.

b Think of something that you did when you were younger that made your family happy or proud of you – maybe at school, or in sport, or something you did for somebody else. Make brief notes to answer these questions.

Whathappened?When/Where/Whydidithappen?Howdidyoufeelaboutit?Howdidyourfamilyfeelaboutit?

c Write a short e-mail about the incident to a pen pal. Exchange your e-mails in pairs and discuss them.

1

2

3

Relationships and communication Lesson 1

Unit 4

To

COMPOSE EMAIL

Subject

Send Send Later Save to Inbox Link Tools Library

Dear Luke,Your mom has just called to tell me about your scholarship. Congratulations! Your mom and dad are so proud, and the whole family will be happy for you.And to get a scholarship to Everton College. Wow! That’s really special. Everton’s one of the best schools in the country.I dreamed of going somewhere like Everton, but I was never good enough to get a scholarship and my dad (your grandpa) couldn’t afford it.But now you’ve done it! I’m sooo pleased for you!With much love,Aunt Tessa

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ForwardBack



Favorites History Search Scrapbook Bookmark

StopHomeRefresh Tools LibraryMail1 Speaking and readinga In pairs or groups, discuss

these questions.

1 Whatdoyouconsiderthe mainadvantagesofe-mail?2 Doyouthinkthereareany disadvantages?

b Now read the article and compare your ideas with it.

c Read the article again and list the positive and negative aspects of e-mail.

d Ask four or five other people whether they write or receive many of the following.

• personalletters • businessletters • personale-mail • businesse-mail

In groups, compare the results of your informal survey.

a Form as many compounds / pairs as you can with one word from box A and another from box B.

bed down greetinghome house Internetlaptop posttelephoneself work

room café control cards call computergrades line officeplace side work

In the workplace2

b Use some of the compounds / pairs you have made to complete this extract from an article.

Working from home is becoming increasingly common. More and more people are setting up a (1) _______________ and finding that their (2) ____________________ can be used for more than just sending e-mail and printing (3) __________________________. Working from home means that you can spend more time with your children and help them with their (4) ___________________, take breaks whenever you like, and even wash the car, instead of wasting time sitting on a train to and from your (5) ________________. However, there is a (6) ________________: it takes a lot of (7) ________________ to stick to regular working hours, and it can be difficult if the only space you have to work in is a tiny corner of your (8) _________________.

2 Word builder: compound and paired words

A

B

hh

g

h

wd

s

b

you’ve got mail

For many people today it’s difficult to remember what life was like without e-mail. It has transformed communication at every level. It’s cheap, quick, versatile, and easy touse. An e-mail to Australia costs the same as a local phone call. You can attach documents and photographs. With a laptop computer, you can travel with your “office,” and read or send e-mail anyplace you can access a telephone line. You can use e-mail to communicate within a company as well as with suppliers and customers at other locations, including those in other countries. Young people communicate with friends by e-mail, and send each other e-mail greeting cards. In 1999, on an average day in the United States, 3.5 billion e-mail messages were sent. In 2005, that figure exceeded 10 billion. But there is a downside. Hardly anyone writes letters anymore, and many e-mail messages are very badly written, and often quite unnecessary. Also e-mail can follow you wherever you go with a laptop so there’s no escape from work. And e-mail accumulates rapidly – you may return after a vacation and find hundreds of e-mail messages waiting for you.

Relationships and Lesson 2 communication

Unit 4

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3 Listeninga Listen to a conversation between two people in an office. What are

the topics in each part?

Part1:______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Part2:______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Part3:______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

b Read questions 1–5. Listen to the conversation again, and answer the questions.

1 WhowroteareportforJohnWest?

2 WhendoesJohnwantit?

3 WhatisJohn’snewe-mailaddress?

4 WhatishappeningatMike’shousetonight?

5 Whoknowshowtogettohishouse,BoborPeter?

4 Grammar builder: indirect questionsa In the conversation for exercise 3, John and Bob are fairly polite

to each other. Look at the following requests for information. What part of each request makes it polite?

1 DoyouknowifJohnWestwantsittoday?2 CanyoutellmewhatJohn’snewe-mailaddressis?3 Doyouknowwherehelives?

b Compare the indirect questions above to these direct questions. In what ways are the questions different?

1 DoesJohnWestwantittoday?2 WhatisJohn’snewe-mailaddress?3 Wheredoeshelive?

c Change these direct questions into indirect questions.

1 Where’sthecafeteria?_____________________________________

2 Isitopennow?___________________________________________

3 Whattimedotheyclose?__________________________________

4 Canyouopenachargeaccount?____________________________

5 Howmuchdoeslunchcost?________________________________

6 Whoisthat?_____________________________________________

7 WhenwillIhavethereport?________________________________

5 Speakinga Imagine that you are

teachers or administrative staff here at your school. Work in pairs. Student A, ask Student B polite questions about things like these:

• office/receptionopening/ closingtimes,andclass starting/finishingtimes• theHeadTeacher/ Administrator/ Coordinator,etc.• library/self-accesscenter/ restaurant,etc.

Can you tell me where the Head Teacher’s office is?Do you know if there’s a supermarket nearby?

b Now change roles and ask some more questions.


Unit 4

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Between friends3

Are you A good friend?

Scoring 1 a=5 b=15 c=10 4 a=15 b=10 c=5 2 a=5 b=10 c=15 5 a=5 b=10 c=15 3 a=15 b=5 c=10

interpretAtion:51–75 points – You consider friendship very important, and are good at making and keeping friends. You try hard to improve the relationships you have.40–50 points – You consider friendship important, and are pretty good at making and keeping friends. However, you are not always as careful as you could be about maintaining good relations with friends.25–39 points – You are probably a bit of a loner, and don’t depend much on friends. However, if you do want friends, it is not difficult. If you are more sociable and help other people when you can, you will soon have friends.

A close friend has just called sounding anxious to talk, but your favorite tV show is starting. do you:

a) make an excuse and say you will call back later? b) forget the show and let your friend talk? c) try to persuade your friend to come and watch

the show?

is the longest you have ever kept a close friend: a) less than one year? b) between one and five years? c) more than five years?

A close friend visits you. He / she has obviously forgotten that you passed your exams. do you:

a) not mention your exams? You know that he / she has made an honest mistake.

b) say nothing, but make sure that he / she sees your congratulations cards?

c) say, "I passed my exams. Let's go out and celebrate!"?

two of your closest friends have had an argument. do you:

a) try hard to help them become friends again? b) say nothing because it’s their business, not yours? c) find out which of your friends was in the right and

take his / her side against the other?

you think that a close friend has made, or is going to make, a big mistake. do you:

a) discuss the problem with other friends? b) say nothing. It’s your friend’s life and he / she has

the right to make his / her own decisions? c) tell your friend what you think and why – even if it

makes him / her angry?

1 Speaking and listeninga What is the most important quality in a friend?

In pairs, rank the qualities below in order of importance.

fun,goodcompanyhelpfulintelligentandtalentedloyal patientandunderstandingreliablesameinterestssamevalues

b Describe the people in the photographs. Then listen to four people talking about their friends. Match each speaker to his or her photograph.

c Listen again. Note the people’s reasons for having their friends. You can use the words from exercise 1a.

2 Reading and speakinga Read and answer the following survey. Then calculate

your score, and read the interpretation of it.

b In pairs or groups, discuss your results from the survey. Do they correspond to the facts? For example, does the survey indicate you are a loner when in fact you have many friends?

Are you A good friend?1

2

3

4

5

A B

C D


Unit 4

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1 Thisreferstoasinglecompletedactioninthepast.

_______________________________________________________

2 Thisreferstoasituationcontinuinguptothepresent.

_______________________________________________________

3 Thisreferstoapaststate.

_______________________________________________________

4 Thisreferstoanactionatanunspecifiedtimeinthepast.

_______________________________________________________

Language assistant

Thereareanumberofwordsandphrasesthatweoftenusewiththepresentperfect.Theseinclude:I haven’t seen Alice for about three years.Jake and I have been friends since elementary school.Have you ever been on vacation with friends? I’ve never met Tarik’s brother.Luke just left but he’ll be back in five minutes. They’ve already sent out invitations to their wedding. I don’t think Michael has met Alex yet.

3 Grammar builder: review of past tenses and present perfect

a Read this paragraph. Match each verb in italics to an explanation.

I just filled in a really interesting questionnaire. It says I’m pretty sociable, and I guess that’s true – I have always had quite a few close friends. Take my friend Leila, for example. We met about three years ago. At that time, I was new to the area and didn’t know many people, so meeting Leila was great. We have spent a lot of time with each other, and our families are really close now. Friendship is very important to me.

b Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in parentheses.

1 AngelaandIarereallyclose–I (1)___________________________(know)her forabouteightyearsnow.

2 I(2)_____________________________(have)a lotofargumentswithmyfriendsovertheyears, butwe’restillfriends!

3 I(3)_____________________________(meet) Janeforcoffeethismorningandshe (4)_____________________________(be)over anhourlate!

4 MybrotherHamid(5)___________________(go) touniversityinEnglandlastyearandI (6)_____________________________(not seen) himsincethen.

4 Speaking In groups, tell one another about your best friends in elementary school.

Consider the following questions.

Whereandwhendidyoumeet?

Howlonghaveyouknownthisperson?

Whydidyoubecomefriends?

Whataresomeofthethingsyouhavedonetogether?

Whendidyoulastsee/speaktothisperson?

Howhasyourrelationshipchangedovertime?


Unit 4

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1 Are you real users of English yet? Find out about your classmates, and let them find

out about you!

Conduct a survey using the form below. Check (✔) the appropriate box for each person who answers “yes” or “no” (it’s not necessary to write down anyone’s name).

Compare your results in groups, and discuss your findings.

• Howmanyofthepeopleyousurveyed answered“yes”ineachcategory–none,afew, many,most,everyone?

• Howmanyanswered“no”ineachcategory?

• Arethereanyinterestingcasesintheclass, orinthisgroup–forexample,someonewitha foreignfriendorrelation?

• Howcouldyougetmorepracticeusing Englishoutsideofclass?

*Homeworkandstudyexcluded–mustberealcommunicativeuseofEnglish**Englishteachersexcluded

Useofenglishoutsideofclass Yes No

● usesEnglishoutsideofclassatleastonceeveryweek*

● hashadaconversationinEnglishwithaforeigner**inthelastsixmonths

● watchesEnglishlanguageTVprogramswithouttranslation

● haswrittenorreceivedaletterore-mailinEnglishinthelastsixmonths

4 Language for life: foreign connections


Unit 4

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2 Do you agree? In groups, discuss the text in the panel.

Do you agree about how to progress beyond an elementary level?

What specific ideas are suggested in the text?

What opportunities are there in your city or town to use English outside of class?

What have you personally done to create more opportunities to use your English?

Where can you:

• getreadingandlisteningmaterials?

• usee-mailifyoudon’thaveacomputer?

• meetforeigners?

3 Action Why not plan to use English outside of class

next week, and then compare your experiences?

4 Breaking the ice It’s not always easy to start a conversation with a

stranger, foreign or not. Listen to how some people do it, and write notes about what they say.

1 ____________________________________

____________________________________

2 ____________________________________

____________________________________

3 ____________________________________

____________________________________

4 ____________________________________

____________________________________

5 ____________________________________

____________________________________

Go on – try it!


Unit 4

At some point, students of English have to become users of English if they’re really going to learn the language.

For some people, there’s no choice and no problem – from early on they have to use the language regularly for study or work. But others don’t, and they need to look for or create opportunities to use English outside of class.

This is essential for progress beyond an elementary level. If you are an intermediate-level student of English who doesn’t use English outside of class, it’s

time to change. It’s time to become a real user!

One thing you can easily do is to read and listen to English. Anyone can find English language newspapers, magazines, and even books to read, or radio, TV and DVDs to listen to and watch. As you practice your English, you can pursue your interests.

The real problem is being able to interact with other people in English. But there are ways and if you really want to, you can use English.

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11 Reading and speakinga Read the two opinions. Who works to live,

and who lives to work?

b Discuss these questions in pairs or groups.

1 DoyouagreemorewiththemaninphotoA,orthemaninphotoB?Why?

2 Howwouldyoudefine thewordworkaholic?3 Doyouknowany workaholics?Yourself, perhaps?

Working to live, or living to work?

Your life shouldn’t be dominated by work. Other interests and the time you spend with your family

and friends are more important. My job’s OK, but I’m not in any danger of becoming a workaholic.

Work is central to life. If I didn’t have a worthwhile and satisfying job, I’d be very depressed. My life is made more

meaningful by my work. In my experience, most people who aren’t happy in their work aren’t happy in life.

1

2

B 2 Listening and speakinga Listen to Tom and Jim talking about their jobs.

What does each of them do?

b Look at the table. Listen to Tom and Jim again. Complete the table, putting a plus (+) for each positive aspect of their jobs and a minus (–) for each negative aspect.

Tom Jim

1 salary – +

2 benefits(medicalinsurance, pensionplan,etc.)

3 natureofwork

4 workinghours

5 vacations

6 traininganddevelopment programs

7 promotionopportunities

c In groups, discuss the aspects of a job that are important to you. Look at the items in the table in exercise 2b, and suggest others, e.g. convenient location (near where you live), and pleasant colleagues.

Unit 5 Work and money

Unit 5

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3 Word builder: jobs

a Classify the following adjectives that can be used to describe jobs as normally positive (+), normally negative (–), or could be either (±). Check in pairs, using a dictionary when necessary.

boring challenging demanding flexible frustrating interesting

satisfying stressful tiring rewarding varied well-paid

c Choose the correct words to complete the statements about each person.

1 “Thebestthingisknowingthatyou’vedoneagoodjobandthatyou’vehelpedsomeoneinnocentwho’sbeenaccusedofacrime,orwho’sindangeroflosingalotofmoney.”

Thispersonworksasa dentist / manager / lawyer andfindsit demanding / satisfying / frustrating.

2 “Youhavetobeveryorganizedyourselftoorganizeotherpeople,andyouareunderalotofpressuretogetthingsexactlyright,butIenjoybeingtheonewhoknowshoweverythingfitstogether.”

Thispersonworksinthe accounting / administrative / medical department andfindsit boring / varied / stressful. 3 “Youcanhaveideasforgreatexperiments,butwithoutthemoneyyoucan’tdoathing.ThatcanmakelifedifficultandIknowmanycolleagueswho’vemissedsomegreatopportunitiesforthatreason.”

Thispersonworksin architecture / management / science andfindsit frustrating / rewarding / challenging.

4 “Oneminuteyou’redealingwithanaccidentvictimandthenextwithachildwho’sgotasorethroat.Ilovethat.Ithinkmostofusaroundheregetthroughtheday,orthenight,onadrenaline!”

Thispersonworksin accounts / chemistry / medicine andfindsit flexible / varied / well paid.

b Complete this table of occupational vocabulary. Use a dictionary if you wish. Check in pairs.

Occupation activity adjective

“I’m a / an ___________________.” “I work in ___________________.” “I’m in the _________ department.”

(1)_________________________ accounts accounting

administrator administration (2)_________________________

architect (3)_________________________ architectural

(4)_________________________ chemistry chemical/chemistry

dentist dentistry (5)_________________________

(6)_________________________ law legal/law

manager (7)_________________________ managerial

Work and money Lesson 1

Unit 5

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4 Pronunciation: word stress

a Say the following words and underline the stressed syllables. Then listen and check.

science scientist scientificarchitecture architect architectural

b Now say the following words and underline the stressed syllables. Then listen and check.

psychology psychologist psychologicalmanagement manager managerialchemistry chemist chemicalphotography photographer photographic

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2 Speaking and listeninga Listen to a radio interview about the importance

of making investment plans. Does money bring people happiness?

b Answer the following questions. Listen to the interview again and check your answers. Compare your revised answers with your classmates’ answers.

1 Whatdoordinarypeoplewhounexpectedlyreceivealotofmoneyoftendo?

2 Why?3 Whatisthemostsensiblethingtodo?


1 Doyouknowanypeoplewhohavemadea lotofmoneyandthenlostitagain?2Haveyoueverinheritedalargesumofmoneyor wonabonusforhardwork?

21 Word builder: finances

a Match words 1–8 with a definition a–h.

1 save a) moneyearnedbya businessorinvestment, afterdeductingexpenses

2 capital b)tomakemoneyfroma competition

3 earn c) toputmoneyinasafeplace(abank,forexample)sothatyouwillhaveenoughinthefuture(perhapstobuyacaroranapartment)

4 profit d)moneylostinabusiness projectorinvestment

5 invest e) tomakemoneyfromworkor investments

6 loss f ) moneyyouhavethatyoucan putintoabusinessprojector investment

7 win g)toputmoneyintoabankor companytoearnmoremoney

b Complete the sentences using the appropriate form of a word from the list in exercise 1a.

1 Manypeopletryto(1)_________moneyincompetitions.Thosewhoaresuccessfuloftenspenditimmediately,butsensiblepeople(2)__________inethical,Sharia-regulatedaccounts.

2 Thesafestwayto(3)____________moneyis throughabanksavingsordepositaccount.

3 Thebasicideaofbusinessistoinvest (4)___________andmakeagood (5)__________.

4 Thereisalwaysanelementofriskinbusiness: insteadof(6)____________money,youmay takea(7)___________,andevengobankrupt.

Making and spending money

Unit 5

Lesson 2 Work and money

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4 Speaking and writinga In groups, discuss the TV program Khawater. Do you watch it?

How much do you know about it?

b Read the notes about the program.

c Write a short paragraph about the program. Use as many passive verb forms as possible.

d Exchange your paragraph with another group. Compare how you have used passive verb forms.

Language assistant

Thepassiveisusedtofocusattentiononthepersonorthingaffectedbyanaction,ratherthanonthedoeroftheaction.Often,thedoerisnotknown.

The carwas madein Germany.

c In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 Aretherepassiveconstructionsliketheseinyourlanguage?2 Howwouldeachofthesentencesyouhavecompletedprobably beexpressedinyourlanguage?3 Canyouchangeanyofthesentencesyouhavecompletedinto activeconstructions? The Prince of Wales opened what was then the tallest tower in the world on March 31, 1889.4 Doyoufeelthosesentencesarebetterintheactiveorinthe passive,astheyappearinthetext?

3 Grammar builder: passives – present, past, future, and modal

a Look at the sentences below, and underline the verb constructions. The first one is done for you.

1 Sometimes,thousandsofdollarsarewonbyoneperson.2 Themainprizewaswonbya29-year-oldman.3 Thefortunewaslostagaininayearortwo.4 Financialadvicewillbeprovidedtoallwinners.5 Tenthousanddollarscanbespentveryquickly.6 Themoneyshouldbeinvested.

b Complete the paragraph below using the verbs in parentheses.

What was then the tallest tower in the world (1) ____________ (open) by the Prince of Wales on March 31, 1889. The Eiffel Tower (2) ____________ (build) for the International Exhibition of Paris at a cost of $1.5 million and stood 300 meters tall. Gustave Eiffel’s design (3) ____________ (choose) from over 700 proposals, although not everyone (4) ___________ (accept) it at first. Two and half million steel rivets (5) ____________ (use) in its construction and the tower (6) ____________ (weigh) approximately 7,000 tons. Today, the tower (7) ____________ (visit) by over six million people each year and anyone making the trip to Paris will (8) ___________ (impress) by the magnificent view – almost the whole of Paris can (9) _____________ (see) from the top. It (10) ___________ (use) as the symbol of Paris and of France for over a century.


Unit 5

First shown 2004When MBC Daily at 6.30 p.m. during the month of RamadanViewers Very popular with young people in the Middle EastHost Ahmed Al ShuqeiryAim of show To enable young people to grow in their faith, in their service, and in the knowledge

making the world a better placeThemes of show Islam in our modern life

Focuses on three basic concepts: justice, education, and freedom Showcases Muslim history and thought, and how this is relevant to a modern, global culture

Charity Non-profit show (all money made goes to making the next season or is donated to charity)

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Entrepreneurs31 Speaking and readinga In pairs, discuss the photograph. What do

you think is special about The Body Shop products?

b Read the article quickly, and see if your ideas about The Body Shop products were right.

c Read the text again and complete the information in the fact box.

Founded in (1) ________________ in (2) _________________. Now a business worth (3) _________________, with (4) ____________ stores in (5) _________________ countries and (6) _________________ customers.• All products are made from (7) ____________ ingredients.• No products are tested on (8) ____________.• No wasteful (9) ______________.

The Body Shop – guiding principles

d Find these words in the article and choose the correct definition for each one.

1 entrepreneurs a)peoplewhodoexperiments b)peoplewhostartnewbusinesses c)peoplewhoworkinshops

2 humanely a)inakindway b)inanordinaryway c)inalegalway

3 synthetic a)notnatural b)notuseful c)notattractive

4 wasteful a)ugly b)expensive c)unnecessary

5 profit a)moneymadefrombusiness b)moneyspentonresearch c)moneywastedonadvertising

Anita Roddick (1942–2007), who founded The Body Shop, was one of the most successful entrepreneurs in the world. But she thought that businesses should operate humanely and deal only in products which are environmentally friendly. There appear to be millions of men and women who agree with her. In the many countries she visited as a young traveler, Anita Roddick noticed the natural substances the local women used to care for their skin and hair. She realized there was no need for the synthetic ingredients, cruel animal testing, and wasteful packaging that are used in the modern toiletries industry.

The Body Shop, which produces and sells only natural skin and hair care products, first opened in England in 1976. There are now 1,500 stores in 47 countries including 131 outlets in the Middle East. It has grown into a $1 billion business with 86 million customers. It was one of the first toiletry companies that made products for men. Anita Roddick was a real businesswoman, but one who cared about the environment and social justice. She showed that profit and ethics are not necessarily in conflict. She set an example other entrepreneurs should follow.

The Body

Shop

Unit 5


The Body

Shop

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2 Grammar builder: relative clauses, including contact clauses

a In pairs, look at the sentences below, especially the words in italics. Then match 1–4 with a–d.

TheBodyShopdealsonlyinproducts whichareenvironmentallyfriendly.AnitaRoddickwasabusinesswoman whocaredabouttheenvironmentandsocialjustice.Therearemillionsofwomen and men whoagreewithAnitaRoddick’sideas.TheBodyShopwasone of the first toiletries companies thatmadeproductsformen.TheBodyShopemploysthe natural substances the local womenuse.AnitaRoddickisan example other entrepreneursshouldfollow.

1 Whichisused… a) …afternounsreferringtopeople.2 Whoisused… b) …whenanothernounisthesubjectofthefollowingverb.3 Thatisused… c) …afternounsreferringtoeitherpeopleorthings.4 Which / who / thatcanbeomitted… d) …afternounsreferringtothings.

3 Speakinga In groups, discuss what you know about the people and things in the

photographs.

b Now discuss the kinds of people, events and activities that you really like or hate.

A: I don't like TV programs that … . The reason is that … . How about you?B: I like people who … . I suppose that’s because … . What about you?C: I love days which … . I always … . What are your favorite days?

c In pairs, write the following pairs of sentences as single sentences, with relative clauses. When possible, omit which / who / that. Compare your sentences with other classmates’ sentences.

1 AnitaRoddickwasabusinesswoman.She madeafortune.2 TheBodyShopisa$1billioncompany.Anita Roddickfoundedit.3 TheBodyShopsellsskinandhaircareproducts. Theyhaveentirelynaturalingredients.4 AnitaRoddickhadaphilosophy.Millionsof womenandmensharedit.5 Entrepreneursaredynamicpeople.They establishnewbusinesses,ofteninnovativeones.6 InEurope,therearemanyhistoriccities. Touristsoftenvisitthem.

b Complete the following sentences using who or which. If no word is necessary, put a dash (–).

1 Ineverbuyproducts_______________have beentestedonanimals.

2 People_____________usetoiletriesshould thinkaboutwheretheycomefrom.

3 Businessesshouldthinkabouttheeffect _______________theyarehavingonthe naturalworld.

4 Thoseofus_______________careaboutthe problemshouldwritetolocalbusinesses.

5 Thepeople_______________TheBodyShop hopestoattractareusuallyyoung.

6 Thedamage_______________iscausedtotheenvironmentbywastefulpackagingisunacceptable.


Unit 5

Language assistant• Contactclauses

(withoutwho, which, or that)arevery common,especiallyinspokenEnglish.

That’sthe woman I saw inThe Body Shop yesterday.

• Afteracomma,don’t usethat.Usewho / which.

Anita Roddick,whowas English, was a very richwoman.

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1 Home deliveryYou’reathome,feelingtiredbuthungry.There’snothingtoeatinthekitchen.It’sdarkandrainingoutside.Youcan:

1 gotobedhungry2 callafriendandmeetata

restaurant3 callforapizza.

Whatwouldyouusuallydo?Compareyouranswersingroups.Discussthesequestions.

• Isthereanyoneinthe groupwhoregularlyorders foodbyphone?• Wherefrom?• Why?• Isthereanyonewhonever ordersfoodbyphone?• Whynot?

2 Fantastic plasticTelephoneorderingoffoodforhomedeliveryisjustonekindofarmchairshopping.Peopleusuallypaycashfortheirpizza.Butmostotherarmchairshoppingispaidforbycheckor,mostoften,card.Doyouknowthehistoryofthechargecard?No?

Listentoaradiotalkshow,anddecidewhatcausedsomeonetoinventcreditcards.Thenlistenagainandnotethefollowinginformation.

1 YearwhenFrankMcNamaradecidedtostartDinersClub chargecards:_______2 NumberofcardsissuedbyMcNamarainthefirstyear:_______3 NumberofrestaurantsthatacceptedthatfirstDiners Clubcard:________4 Bankthatissuedthefirstwidelyusedcreditcard:_____________5 Yearthatthefirstwidelyusedbankcreditcardwas introduced:_________6 Presentnameofthatcard:__________7 Anothercardthatwasintroducedin1958: ________________8 NumberofcardholdersintheUnitedStates:____________

4

Unit 5


Language for life: armchair shopping

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It all seems so simple. You hand over a piece of plastic, the guy gives it a whack in his machine, you sign something and walk out of the store. No money changes hands and your

plastic is ready to go again, good as new. There’s no doubt that cards have brought a world of shopping convenience that people used to only dream of. If it seems too good to be true, though, it probably is. The fact is that it’s a little too easy to spend money on credit. Why save up for that dress / cell phone / meal out when you can have it now, and all for the price of a signature? Cards have helped to create a “buy now, pay later” culture, which is fine as long as you can and do pay later. When the money is coming out of your wallet, it’s not difficult to keep track of your spending. But with a card, it’s all too easy to just keep on going. Careless spending isn’t the only way to find yourself in too much debt. Your life can change in ways you don’t expect. You lose your job. You become ill. Suddenly, those manageable monthly payments don’t look quite so manageable after all. Cards give us more flexibility in managing our money – but they also give us more opportunities to mismanage it!

3 Payment card useCompletethissurvey.Compareyouranswersingroups.

4 The risksDiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcardsingroups.Then,readthisarticleandseewhichofyourideasarementioned.

To celebrate the launch of our new Diamond Card, Megashop is offering a free card to ten lucky customers – that’s no annual fee! To enter the draw, simply complete the survey below and return it to us at Megashop.

D I A M O N D C A R D

Which of the following cards do you currently hold?

Visa MasterCard Other None

Do you use your card:

every day once a week once a month less often / don’t hold a card

Which of the following have you or a member of your family ever purchased using a card?

books game / event tickets clothes bus / train / plane tickets groceries a meal in a restaurant

Have you ever used a card to purchase goods or services online?

Yes No

If yes, what have you purchased online?

________________________________________

If no, would you consider doing so? Why? / Why not? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Unit 5

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1 Speakinga In pairs or groups, discuss the following

questions.

1 Whoinyourfamilyhasacar?Whatwouldyouuseacarforifyouhadone?

2 Whatkindsofproblemsdocarscauseinbigcities?

b If you could choose one of the cars in the photographs, which would you like to own? Why?

2 Reading and speakinga In pairs, answer the questions, guessing if

necessary.

1 Arecarstodaytechnicallyverydifferentfrom carsin1970orvirtuallythesame?2 WhichstateintheUnitedStatestookthelead inmovingtowardnon-pollutingvehicles– California,Illinois,orNewYork?3 Willnon-pollutingvehicleseverbeas satisfactoryingeneralperformanceas gasoline-poweredcars?

b Read the magazine article and check your answers to exercise 2a.

c Note at least three facts you have learned from reading this article. Compare your notes with a partner’s notes.

1 Developing the automobile

A utomobiles have come a long way since Carl Benz built the first practical gasoline-powered motor vehicle in 1885. Over the first seven decades of the 20th century, they became increasingly fast,

comfortable, safe, and reliable. Most of them also became much less expensive, so more and more people could afford one, new or secondhand. Driving developed from a hobby of the rich into a fundamental part of everyday life. By 1970, improving the performance of automobiles didn’t seem possible. However, by the end of the century, virtually any new car could cruise safely at 30 kilometers an hour faster, using less gasoline and producing 80% less pollution than a new 1970 car. This was the result of using new technology such as fuel injection, multi-valve cylinders, and above all, microprocessors (or mini-computers). If this meant that modern cars were pollution-free, there wouldn’t be a problem. But even today’s cars produce about 50,000 kilograms of pollutants annually, mostly carbon monoxide and ozone, and every day there are more motor vehicles. Most people realize that if we don’t do something about the situation, it could lead toward an ecological and human health disaster. Producing cleaner alternatives to the gas engine is the key and some governments have been pushing automobile manufacturers to do just that. In California, for example, 10% of all new cars since 2003 have had to be ZEVs (zero emission vehicles) and that quota will increase progressively. The first electric ZEVs were slow, limited in range, and very expensive compared with conventional cars. If technology continues to develop at current rates, all that will soon change. The automobile industry is exploring different possibilities, and several breakthroughs are close. More new cars are sold in California annually than in most countries, so this will have an impact everywhere. If the global market changes, it will lead to mass production and reduced cost. One day soon, traveling by ZEV will be quite normal and your city will be a quiet, pollution-free place.

Whychangefromgasolineengines?Whychangefromgasolineengines?

46 Unit 6

Keeping up Unit 6 with technology

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3 Reading and listeninga Check (✔) the sentences true (T) or false (F).

If you are not sure, guess.

1 ZEVs(zeroemissionvehicles)willneverbeabletogoasfastasgasoline-enginevehicles. T F

2 SomeZEVswillbeabletogofartherthangasoline-enginevehicleswithoutrefueling. T F

3 ThebestoptionforthedevelopmentofZEVsisanewtypeofelectricbattery. T F

4 ZEVswillsoonbemoreeconomicalthangasoline-enginevehicles. T F

5 ZEVsareexpensivenowbecausetheyarenotmass-produced. T F

b Listen to an interview about ZEVs and check your answers.

c Listen again and complete the table.

Gasoline vehicles ZEVs

source of energy gasoline

level of pollution low

amount of noise high

cost expensive

4 Pronunciation: contrastive stress

a Look at these two sentences from the interview. The two words in sentence 1 which have the strongest stress or emphasis are underlined. Why are those two words stressed? Underline the two words in sentence 2 with the strongest stress.

1 Anddon’tforgetnoisepollutioncausedbygasolineanddieselengines,aswellasairpollution.

2 Justimaginethequietcitiesofthefuturecomparedwiththenoisyonestoday.

b Listen to the sentences, and check the stressed words in exercise 4a. Practice saying the two sentences.

c In pairs, discuss your ideas about the following things.

1 bigcarsandsmallones

2 publictransportationandprivatecars

5 Speaking and writinga If you were responsible for reducing vehicle pollution in your city,

what would you do? With a partner, discuss the measures you would take. Make a list of five ideas to attack the problem of vehicle pollution.

b Compare your ideas as a class. Vote for the top three ideas.

47Unit 6

Keeping up with technology Lesson 1

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2 Reading and speakinga Read the three topic sentences

below, and then read the article. Match each topic sentence with the appropriate paragraph in the article.

1 Butinournaturalexcitement overthisconstantdevelopment ofelectronicmedia,weshould notforgetthatmostpeoplein theworlddon’thavea telephone,andmanydon’teven haveelectricityorcleanwater.

Paragraph ____

2 AlmostallhouseholdsintheU.S. todayhaveatleastthreepieces ofelectroniccommunications equipment:aradio,atelevision, andatelephone.

Paragraph ____

3 Majorelectronicscompaniesare alreadyworkingonthenext generationincommunications technology–combiningall thesemodesofcommunication.

Paragraph ____

Communications systems21 Speakinga Talk to your classmates. Find people who do these things. Check

(✔) each of the statements every time a classmate says “yes.”

Mostpeoplespendmorethanonehouronthetelephoneeveryday.

Doyou…

• spendmorethanonehouronthetelephoneeveryday? • listentotheradioalot? • spendmorethantwohourswatchingTVeveryday? • spendmorethantwohoursusingacomputereveryday? • haveacellphone? • haveane-mailaddress?

b In groups of three or four, discuss what you found out from the questionnaire. Summarize your conclusions by writing Everybody,Most people, Very few people, or Nobody beside each statement.

Learning tip: using topic sentences

• Thetopicsentencegives thereaderthemainideain eachparagraph.

• Thetopicsentenceis usuallythefirstsentence inaparagraph.Theother sentencesgivemore detailsorexamples.

At least two-thirds of north American households have a computer connected to the internet. increasingly, this is used for buying goods and services online, as well as accessing information and communicating with people worldwide. in addition, over 80% of the population of the u.S.A. has a cell phone, and more and more people have some kind of portable computer which connects to the internet. there will soon be fast, functional, and widely affordable mobile “media phones” that will give you telephone, television, and internet all in one. this emphasis on integrating what are now different devices will be clear in the home, too. your telephone (or videophone) will have a television and computer with internet access in a single apparatus. And it won’t end there. We may be in danger of ignoring that part of humanity that is not online, or of creating a society that consists of electronic “haves” and “have-nots.” it would be easy to exaggerate the effect that having so many means of communication has on our lives and our abilities. using a cell phone or handheld computer doesn’t make you a genius like Aristotle or ibn Sina, whose achievements were made without the help of computers and the internet. Living “offline” is still the essential human condition.

B

C

A

ACCESS to TECHNOLOGY

Unit 6

Keeping up Lesson 2 with technology

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4 Reading and speakinga Work in pairs. Student A, look at column A;

Student B, look at column B. Read each sentence to your partner and say if you agree or disagree with the statement, and why.

A: Using computers doesn’t improve your life.

B: No, I don’t agree. Using computers is really useful. For example, you can bank on the Internet 24 hours a day.

Traveling by boat

1 Successinbusinessdepends______________ themostup-to-dateinformation.

2 Governmentshavebeenaccused ______________theproblemscausedby pollution.

3 Newgenerationcellphonesappealtopeople interested______________multimediaclips onthemove.

4 TheInternetisveryuseful______________ otherpeoplewithsimilarinterests.

5 Internationaleffortsshouldbeaimed __________moreenvironmentaldamage.

c Substitute the underlined words with gerund phrases. The first one has been done for you.

1 Oceantravelisuncommonnowadays.

______________________

2 Nightworkisusuallyveryinconvenient.

______________________

3 Citylifecanbedangerous.

______________________

4 Alotofinvestmentgoesintotechnologydevelopment.

______________________

3 Grammar builder: gerundsGerundsarenounsmadewiththeingformofaverb.

Smokingis bad for you.

a Underline the gerund phrases below. The first one has been done for you.

1 Storingenergyinbatteriesisaproblemright now.

2 TravelingbyZEVwillbecheap.

3 Usingaportablecomputerdoesn’tmakeyouagenius.

4 Ourbesthopeforthefutureiscreativethinking.

b Use a preposition and a gerund to complete each of the sentences at the top of the next column.

Prepositions

on in for at of

gerunds

preventing meeting ignoring knowing watching

b Decide which of the three paragraphs in the article contains the writer’s main point. What is that point? Compare and discuss your ideas with two or three classmates.

c Work in groups of three or four. What are the main differences in technology between your generation and your parents’ generation when they were your age? What are the main advantages and disadvantages of these changes?

I don’t have a cell phone, but I know how to use one. My parents have no idea!

Columna ColumnB

SurfingtheInternetis Usingcellphonesis awasteoftime. usuallyunnecessary.

Playingvideogames WatchingTVisan makeskidshyperactive. escapefromreality.

Unit 6


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Using technology3

Language assistant

Noticetheseexamples.

These things never work,do they?

It hasn’t started,has it?

You didn’t press CLEAR,did you?

Howdoyouexpress“tagquestions”liketheseinyourlanguage?

2 Listening and speakinga An 80-year-old man and his 18-year-old

granddaughter are talking in the kitchen. Listen to their conversation and answer these questions.

1 Howdoesthegrandfatherfeel?2 Whatishisattitudetowardtechnology?3 Howdoesthegranddaughterfeel?4 Whatisherattitudetowardtechnology?

b Listen to the conversation again and answer these questions.

1 Whatisthegrandfathertryingtodo?2 Whyishehavingaproblem?3 Whatsequenceofbuttonsshouldhebepressing?4 Thefinaltime,whatdoesheforgettoinclude?

c The grandfather says, “The trouble with technology is that it makes life easier but more impersonal. People don’t talk to each other anymore.” What do you think? Discuss your ideas in groups.

1 Word builder: compound nouns

a Make compound nouns by adding a word or phrase from the box.

1 microwave____________________________

2 dish__________________________________

3 electric________________________________

4 games_______________________________

5 airconditioning________________________

6 hair__________________________________

7 garage_______________________________

unit toothbrush dooropener dryer washer oven console

b Match the words to the photographs.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Unit 6


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4 Speaking and readinga Read the text quickly, and

write the function of each of the features of the product. One has been done for you.

b Which words in the text emphasize the sequence of steps in the procedure? Underline them.

c Choose one thing from the following list that you would like to be able to do. Find someone who can explain what to do, and write down his or her instructions.

1 Storeatelephone numberonacellphone.

2 Setthealarmonadigital watch.

3 Writeandsendane-mail.4 Playacomputergame.

It’s easy. First you …

3 Grammar builder: zero, first, and second conditionals

a In pairs, read sentences 1–3 below. Then match them to sentences a–c.

1 IcoulddoitfasterifIheatedituponthestove.2 IfyoupressCLEARfirst,itstartsfromthe

beginning.3 Butifyoutrythis,it’llbeeasier.

a) Whatyoupredictwillhappenasaresult ofacertainaction.

b) Whatyouwould/coulddoorwhatwould/ couldhappeninahypotheticalsituation.

c) Whatyouusuallydoorwhatusually happensinaspecificsituation.

b Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in parentheses.

1 Thetoothbrush(1)_________(start)workingif you(2)_________(press)thisgreenbutton.

2 Ifyou(3)_________(hit)thebuttonslikethat, you(4)_________(break)themicrowave!

3 I(5)_________(get)anewDVDplayerifI (6)_________(have)moremoney,butIcan’t affordit.

S e r i o u S p h o t o g r a p h y i S r e a l ly f o r t h e p r o f e S S i o n a l S , r i g h t ? WronG!

the new advantix preview camera from Kodak makes complicatedphotography easy – for only $299!

the main advantage of this model is the lCD (liquid crystal display) screen that lets you preview your photographs by pressing the preview button. first you take your photograph. then push the preview button and follow the arrows to make it bigger or smaller, distant or close up. When you have the photograph you really want, you select it to print it. finally, if you want reprints, you can copy as many as you want by using the mode button.

c Match the phrases to make whole sentences.

1 Theremotecontrolwill a) ifyouset makeanoise… thetimer. 2 Thecellphonewould b)ifyouknew workproperly… how.3 Youcouldwriteyour c) ifyoupress owncomputer thewrong games… button.4 TheVCRstartsrecording d)ifyouhadone automatically… ofyourown.5 Youwouldn’tneedto e) ifyou borrowmycomputer… rechargedit.

d Complete the sentences, using information about yourself.

1 IfIgetane-mail,Iusually _______________________________________.

2 IfIhadabettercomputer,I _______________________________________.

3 IfIknewmoreaboutcomputers,I _______________________________________.

[SH4U3L3_a:artworkofthebackofadigitalcamera;withlabels]

Mode button

Select button

Preview screen to see photographs you have taken

Preview button

Unit 6


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1 Online courses Online courses are becoming

increasingly popular.

How much do you know about them? For example, how are they similar to and different from traditional courses? And what about the jargon? What do these things refer to?

Write one of the phrases above in each space in the Web site text. Check your answers with a partner.

ForwardBack



Favorites History Search Scrapbook Bookmark

StopHomeRefresh Tools LibraryMail

Welcome to Greenwell College

Online courses

In these courses, you are expected to contact the instructor regularly. You will need to show more initiative and discipline than in a “regular” class. Following the syllabus is your responsibility, and you should ask if you have any questions or need advice.

The components of any online course are as follows:

1 __________________________ This includes the different areas of study.

2 __________________________ This allows students and teacher to talk to each other. Its primary use is to allow students to discuss the content of the course and ask questions. All submissions in this area are public and everyone can read them. Don’t place private messages here.

3 __________________________ A message posted here goes to the addressee only.

4 __________________________ This shows when lessons are scheduled and includes dates for assignments.

5 __________________________ This is the location of your online formal and informal exams. These include essays and multiple choice tests.

6 __________________________ These are web pages created by individuals. They include regular entries, often in the form of a diary. They can be written by anybody, including teachers or other students. Although it is not compulsory, students may use blogs to find out further information or to look for advice.

Blogs

Discussion page

Course contents

Quizzes and tests

Private mail

Course calendar

Blogs

Discussion page

Course contents

Quizzes and tests

Private mail

Course calendar

4

Unit 6


Language for life: learning on the Web

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Types of courses: vocational courses, (1) _____________, college (2) _____________, pottery and photography.

Cost: (3) _____________ than classroom courses.

Advantages over traditional classroom courses: you can study when you have (4) _____________ and (5) _____________ this with other activities. You can take the course at your own (6) _____________, fast or (7) _____________.

Instruction: by (8) _____________, course Web page and online classrooms.

Testing: you can take exams (9) _____________ or off-site.

Reasons for failing: 1) you need a high level of self (10) _____________ 2) many people like to have personal (11) _____________.O

NLI

NE

CO

UR

SE

S

To

COMPOSE EMAIL

Subject

Send Send Later Save to Inbox Link Tools Library

2 Distance learning Listen to the first part of an

interview about distance learning and answer the following questions.

1 Whatisthetopicofthe radioprogram?

2 WhatdoesAlanMartindo atBedfordCollege?

3 Whatkindofcoursesishe goingtotalkabout?

Listen to the second part of the interview and complete the notes.

Readthise-mailfromKennytohisfriend,andwriteareplyusingthenotes.

Read about online courses again. Check (✔) the statements T (true) or F (false).

1 Inanonlinecourse,youneedtoberesponsiblefororganizingyourownlearning. T F

2 Ifyouwanttotalkaboutpersonalproblems,gotothediscussionpage. T F

3 Privatemailisanopenforumforallthepeopleinyourcourse. T F

4 Tocheckwhenyourassignmentsaredue,lookatthecoursecalendar. T F

5 Allthewritingtestsareformal. T F

6 Readingotherpeople’sblogsiscompulsory. T F

And how about you? Would you be interested in taking an online course? Why or why not?

Hi Alex,I think you wrote me a month ago, didn’t you? So sorry this is late. Anyway, how are things going? I’ve been very busy. I finished school in July and I have a part-time job with a design studio. It’s really interesting and I’m looking for a course in computer design. I don’t have much money to pay for a course, or the time, either. You took a distance learning course, right? Can you do me a favor and give me some information and advice about online courses? E-mail me with your news and the info about the course!All the best,Kenny

Unit 6


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1

2 Pronunciation: intonation in questions

a Listen to these questions from the conversation in exercise 1 and notice the intonation. Why do you think the intonation changes?

1 Howareyoudoing?

2 Canyoudothat?

3 WhatdidMomandDadsay?

4 AmIeatingproperly?

b Work in pairs. Practice asking the following questions with the right intonation. Then listen and check your intonation.

1 Whattimearewegoingshopping?2 Isthistablenew?3 Wheredidyouputthebrochure?4 Doyouwanttochangethewallpaper?

1 Speaking and listeninga Look at the three photographs and identify the

different types of accommodations. What are the good and bad points about each place?

b Listen to a student talking with his brother on the telephone. Check (✔) the points he mentions from the list.

classes hobbies apartment friends food TVdorm sports e-mail

c Listen to the conversation again and answer the questions.

1 Whyisn’tJacklivingathome?2 Whatwastheproblemwiththedorm?3 Where’shelivingnow?4 Whatextraclassesishetaking?5 Howishefeeling?

Home away from home

Unit 7 House and home

Unit 7

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55

4 Word builder: college living

a Check (✔) A (apartment), D (dorm), or H (home) for each characteristic according to the possibilities.

a D H

furnished ✔ ✔ ✔

unfurnished ✔

mealsincluded

shoppingforfoodrequired

laundryroom

laundrydoneforyou

independence

strictrules

familyatmosphere

friendsaroundyou

privacy

b Compare your answers in groups of three. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these different types of accommodations for college students: living in an apartment, living in a dorm, living at home.

3 Speaking and readinga In pairs or groups, discuss this question.

WheredocollegestudentsnormallyliveinSaudiArabia?

b The King Saud University in Riyadh has apartment buildings for students and faculty members. Read a student’s questions below. Then read the KSU university website about accommodation and answer the questions.

1 Aretheapartmentson,near,orsomedistancefromthecampus?

2 DoIhavetobuyanyfurniture?

3 Ihaveafamily.AmIabletorentathree-bedroomapartmentorhouse?

4 WhatkindofInternetfacilitiesarethere?

5 Whatkindofairconditioningisthere?

6 WhatistheshortestperiodIcanrentanapartment?

7 HowdoIgetmoreinformationabouttheapartments?

King Saud University owns and rents out over 1000 apartments and 400 villas in a housing complex on the university campus, each only minutes walking distance from the college, its libraries, and laboratories. The apartments are fully furnished units, with studio, one, two, and three-bedroom options.

Air conditioning is regulated through smart technology that uses information about the building and the environment to keep air conditioning at the correct temperature.

All apartments have access to underground parking facilities, green areas, integrated Internet, and telephone facilities, a reception area, and student lounge. All apartment blocks have male entrances and family entrances.

Student contracts run for an entire academic year.

For an application form or to find out more, contact us at:KSU Housing Complex Office20 King Saud DriveP.O. Box 273112253 Riyadhtel: (+966) 1/288 2354email: [email protected]

House and home Lesson 1

Unit 7

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2 Speaking and readinga What are the main things that

affect the decoration of a room? Discuss your ideas in groups of three. Then quickly read the excerpt from an interior design textbook to check your answers.

b Read the article again and fill in the spaces with the names of the correct rooms.

c In pairs, describe and discuss a room you really like in your own house or a relative’s or friend’s house. What makes it so special?

1 Speaking and listeninga Look at this picture of a room. What would you

change to make it look nicer? Discuss your ideas with a partner.

b Listen to a conversation between two people and answer these questions.

1 Whodecoratedtheapartment?2 WhatdoesDanthinkofthedecoration?3 Onethingdoesn’tneedchanging.Whatisit?4 What’stheproblemwithredecoratingtheapartment?

Decoration2

Home interior decoration brings in the use of space, the use of light and color, and the

use of decorative objects of personal significance to the people who live in the home. However, personal taste and the specific use of a room or area of the house can influence decoration. A teenager’s (1) _______________ is usually a very private place. It may be decorated in a way which pleases the teenager but doesn’t please the parents so much, with shelves covered with personal possessions and posters on the walls. The use of the room and the taste displayed in it are highly personal. A (2) ________________________ is essentially a functional space used for preparing and eating food. Many

families sit down to eat there on a daily basis and use the dining room for more formal occasions. These days, they are usually colorful and designed to make life easier. The (3) ______________________ is a more public place, and may be carefully designed to make guests feel comfortable, and perhaps to impress them a little. The decoration, therefore, calls for more consideration of other people’s tastes, and goes for many common denominators rather than purely personal or idiosyncratic options. There are likely to be fairly conventional pictures, ceramic objects, and ornamental lamp shades.

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Unit 7

Lesson 2 House and home

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4 Grammar builder: multi-word verbsSomemulti-wordverbshaveanobject:

Throw outthe furniture.

Othersdon’t:

Hemoved out.

a Look at the multi-word verbs in exercise 3a. In a second color, underline any objects of multi-word verbs, and put a circle around the verbs without an object. The first three have been done for you in red below.

1 I’lltakecareofyourapartmentwhileyou’reaway.

2 Pricesofhousesandapartmentsdonotoftengodown.

3 IwishtheneighborswouldturntheirTVdown.

b Classify the multi-word verbs in exercise 3b according to type.

3 Word builder: multi-word verbs

a Read the sentences and underline the multi-word verbs. In pairs, discuss the meanings of the multi-word verbs. Use a dictionary if necessary. The first three have been underlined for you.

1 I’lltakecareofyourapartmentwhileyou’reaway.

2 Pricesofhousesandapartmentsdonot oftengodown.

3 IwishtheneighborswouldturntheirTVdown.

4 Therearetoolsalloverthefloor.Putthemaway beforeyougotobed.

5 Theygaveawaytheiroldcar.

6 Weshouldtakedownthatoldbathroommirror.

7 Iturnedthewateroff.

8 Thecandlewentout.

9 HowdoyouputupwiththemessinJohn’sbedroom?

10 Thedecorator ’scarbrokedownsohewon’tbe comingtoday.

b Complete these sentences using multi-word verbs from exercise 3a. Some of the verbs are in a different tense.

1 Thecostofwallpaperhas(1)_____________ alotrecently.

2 I’mnotgoingto(2)______________ thishorriblefurnitureaminutelonger.

3 Ifyou(3)_________things(4)_______when youfinishwiththem,yourroomwillstayneat.

4 Please(5)_______theTV(6)_______! Ican’thearmyselfthink!

c Choose the correct word to complete the multi-word verbs.

1 Turnthelights(on/off )beforeyougotosleep.

2 Canyouturntheradio(down/up)?Ican’thearit.

3 Ihaveanewroommate.Hemoved(out/in)yesterday.

4 Apartmentsarebecomingmoreexpensive.Thepricesgo(down/up)everyyear.

Type1: Type2: Type3:threeparts,with twoparts, twoparts,withamiddleafinalobject withoutanobject orfinalobject

take care of go down turn (the TV) down / (your apartment) turn / down (the TV)


Unit 7

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58

Street scenes3

2 Grammar builder: used to and would

a Look at examples 1–3 from the conversation in exercise 1. Choose the correct words to complete the explanations.

1 I used to see my neighbors almost every day. Thisreferstoahabit / stateinthepast. Wecan / can’treplaceused towithwould.

2 The kids would always play on the street, except in the winter. Thisreferstoahabit / stateinthepast. Wecan / can’treplacewouldwithused to.

3 I used to have a nice yard. Thisreferstoahabit / stateinthepast. Wecan / can’treplaceused towithwould.

b In each sentence, decide if it is possible to use either would or used to, or only used to.

1 Atmygrandma’shouseweused to / would eatalotofcake.2 Weused to / wouldliveinanapartment.3 Whenwewerechildrenweused to / would goswimmingeveryweekend.4 Grandpaused to / wouldwalkdownthestreet everyeveningandsay“hello”toeveryone.5 DidMrs.Solanouse to / WouldMrs.Solano belongtothelocalresidents’association?

1 Listening and speakinga In pairs or groups, compare the two scenes

above. What are the similarities and the differences between them?

b Listen to two people talking about where they live. Decide which of the areas in the photographs they live in, and list the things in the area they mention. Compare your answers in pairs.

c Listen to the conversation again, and check (✔) the points about the neighborhood you hear mentioned.

1 Theelevatorsometimesbreaksdown.

2 Childrenplayedinthestreetwhenthere werehouses.

3 There’salotofgraffitiintheapartments.

4 Youdon’tmeetmanypeopleinthe apartmentbuilding.

5 Therewerelotsofshopsontheoldstreet.

6 Theoldhouseshadsmallyards.

7 Theplay areaattheapartmentsisn’tvery nice.

8 Theapartmentshaveonlyonebedroom each.

Unit 7


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59

3 Speaking and readinga Read the article and match the photograph to one of the paragraphs.

Which country was the photograph taken in? Guess the names of the other three places.

b Imagine you are going on vacation to one of the places in the article. In pairs, discuss what you could do in each of the countries. Decide which country you would like to visit most.

4 Speaking and writinga Imagine you have been asked

to write a paragraph for a tourist brochure describing a typical street in your town or city. In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 Whoisgoingtoreadwhat youwrite?

a localpeople b youngpeople c tourists

2 Whatstyleofwritingare yougoingtouse?

a averyformalstyle b aninformativestyle c anacademicstyle

b In pairs, make notes to answer these questions.

1 Whatmightyousee?2 Whatmightpeoplebe

doing?3 Whatkindsofbuildings

mightyoufind?4 Whatdidtheareauseto belike?5 Howmightyoufeellooking

atthestreetscene?

c Write your paragraph. Look at the article for more ideas. When you have finished, swap, and compare paragraphs with a partner.

Street scenesEvery country has its street life

1 3

4

Many people think that Khan el-Khalili is one of the most interesting areas in this ancient cosmopolitan city. It is a famous souq where visitors can buy clothes, spices and souvenirs or just sit and drink mint tea, and strong Arabic coffee in one of the traditional cafés.

Many people in this country speak English as a first or second language, so you can practice your speaking skills here! It is home to ancient palaces such as the Taj Mahal as well as natural features such as high mountains. Many of this country’s cities are crowded with buses, bicycles and rickshaws.

In this country, street cafés are a common feature where people sit outside to drink coffee, chat, and watch the world go by. The country has a strong Islamic tradition and is home to many wonderful Islamic sites, such as Masjid al-Haram.

This city has such tall buildings that the sun is blocked out from the streets. The Empire State Building, which used to be the tallest in the world, has 102 floors. Most activity in the winter is inside or underground because of the extreme cold.


Unit 7

2

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60

1 Vacation choicesa Match the different types

of vacations, A–D, with descriptions 1–4.

A Shoppingbonanza ____

B Historicmonumentsvacation ____

C Summerretreat ____

D Packagetour ____

1 TaifAt1,700metresabovesealevelandwithacooltemperateclimate,youcanescapetheheatandcomeforabreathoffreshairwhileenjoyingstunningsceneryandwidetree-linedstreets.

2 DubaiflytoDubaiandshoptillyoudrop.Theshoppingmallsofferallthewell-knowndesignerbrandsyoulove.

3 Saudi ArabiaEightdaysall-inclusive.VisitshopsandmuseumsinRiyadh,walkthecorniche,andenjoyDammam.VisittheholyshrineinMakkahandstayattheworld-famousAl-BaitHotel.Priceincludesairfare,food,andaccommodation(4-starhotels).

4 Al HijrAlsoknownasMadainSaleh,thesehistoricmonumentsareclassifiedasaUNWorldHeritageSite.ThelargestconservedsiteoftheNabataeanswholivedover2,000yearsago,thesitehasalargecollectionoftombsandmonumentscarvedintotherockside.

b In groups, decide on one vacation that you will all take.

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4

Unit 7


Language for life: places to stay

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61

2 TimesharingHaveyoueverheardoftimesharingvacations?Yes?No?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?Discussthequestion.Then,readthearticlequicklyandcheckyouranswer.

Read the text again. Check (✔) the statements T (true) or F (false).

1 Thearticlesuggestspeoplehadto T F putupwithunsatisfactoryvacation alternatives.

2 Peoplewhoownvacationhomes T F usethemintensively.

3 Timeshareownershipmeansyoupay T F outlesseachyeartoruntheplace.

4 Atimesharehomeischeaper T F becauseitisneverempty.

5 Youbuyatimeshareinaresortfor T F alimitedperiod.

6 Youcanalwayschangeyourweek T F foradifferentweekifyouwant.

WHy timesharing worksUntil timesharing came about, most people used to have only two main alternatives for taking vacations: rent a hotel room with constantly increasing rates, reservation hassles, and none of the comforts of home, or own a resort home or condominium which costs a lot of money and which you would probably use only a couple of weeks a year.

But that has changed with a new type of business – timeshares. With timeshare ownership, you arrange to buy a vacation home and sell 51 weeks of the year to 51 other owners. This means that everyone involved can afford a nicer place as the cost is divided between lots of people. Annual expenses are much less because they are shared and the apartment is occupied all year, which also reduces costs. With another form of timeshare, clients buy a week for life in a resort. They and their families can use this during the lifetime of the owner. The timesharer pays maintenance costs and utilities (water, electricity, and telephone). With some companies, the timesharer can exchange his or her week for a week in another resort, or even rent the week out if he or she doesn’t want to use it.

3 Clinching a saleListentotheconversationbetweenBenBrownofWorldwideVacationsandMr.Turner,aclient,andanswerthefollowingquestions.

1 Wheredidtheclientseetheinformationabout thetimeshare?2 WhohavetheTurnerstalkedto?

Listentotheconversationagainandcompletetheform.

Workingroupsofthreeandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1 Wherewouldyouliketohaveatimeshare?2 AretimesharescommoninSaudiArabia?

Worldwide Vacationst i m e S h a r i n g i n f o r m a t i o n C a r D

representative: _____________________________________

Client’s last name: ____________________________________

first name(s): _______________________________________

address:

Street: ______________________ no: _________________

City: _______________ State: _________________________

Zip code: ___________________________________________

telephone: __________________________________________

e-mail: _____________________________________________

resort: ____________________________________________

Country: ___________________________________________

Week: ____________________________________________

total cost: u.S.$ _____________________________________

maintenance cost: u.S.$ _______________________________

form of payment: Check

Credit Card: Visa Diners

american express

Card number: ______________________________________

expiration date: _____________________________________

Carl

Illinois

3789 2378 2874 3289

61


Unit 7

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62 Unit 8

ForwardBack

Address http://www.internet - investigations


Favorites History Search

StopHomeRefresh Tools LibraryMail

Scrapbook Bookmark

Unsolved crimes11 Speaking and readinga What do you know about this

person?

b Check that you know what these words mean. Use a dictionary to help you if you want.

gunshots woundedbullet witnessesunidentified riflemotorcade karate

c Read questions 1–6. Then read the article and answer the questions.

1 Howmanypeoplewerehurtduringtheassassination?

2 Whowasaccusedoftheassassination?

3 Whathappenedtohim?4 Whatwastheofficialversion

ofevents?5 Whatdidwitnessesreport?6 Whathappenedafterthe

deathofOswald?

JohnF.Kennedy(1917–63)

THE JFK ASSASSInATIon

When John F. Kennedy became the 35th president of the United States at the age of 43, he was the youngest man ever to be elected to the post. He had served in the U.S. Navy during the Second World War and had won a number of honors. After his inauguration in January, 1961, he focused on the issues of poverty and inequality and the threat posed by the tensions between the U.S.A. and the Soviet Union.

At 12:30 p.m. on November 22, 1963, the limousine carrying President Kennedy, Governor Connally, and their wives through Dallas, Texas, turned out of Dealey Plaza past the Schoolbook Depository Building. There were a number of gunshots. The President received bullets in the neck and the head, and Governor Connally a bullet in his back. A man some distance away was wounded by a passing bullet. Forty-five minutes later, the police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald on a charge of murdering police officer Tippitt, who had died of gunshot wounds in the vicinity of the assassination. After the police had interrogated Oswald for several hours without a lawyer present, they accused him of murdering the President. On November 24, 1963, the police were handing Oswald over to state prison officers in the garage of the police building when he was shot dead by Jack Ruby in front of hundreds of journalists and millions of TV watchers. After several months, investigators declared that Oswald was the only assassin, had acted on his own, and had shot from the 6th floor of the Schoolbook Depository Building. Witnesses in Dealey Plaza saw things differently, however. Many reported that shots had been fired from a nearby park and a cloud of smoke had been visible there. There are also photographs of two unidentified men behind the fence at the park, one with a rifle. Before the motorcade arrived, people had seen men with rifles in downtown Dallas. In the three-year period following the assassination of President Kennedy and the “silencing” of Oswald, 18 important witnesses died, including six by gunshot, two by suicide, one from a cut throat, and one from a karate chop to the neck. All this supports the theory of a conspiracy and cover-up. Oliver Stone’s movie JFK asks questions about what exactly happened and who was responsible.

Unit 8 Crime and law

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63Unit 8

3 Word builder: crime

a Match each verb with the correct definition.

1 torob a) tokillsomeonefor politicalreasons

2 tomurder b)totakesomething whichisnotyours

3 toassassinate c) totakesomething illegallyfroma personoraplace

4 tosteal d)tokillsomeone intentionally,not usuallyforpoliticalreasons

b Use one of the words in exercise 3a in the correct form to complete each of the sentences.

1 Policearrestedamantodaywhotheysuspect of_________________________hisneighbor.

2 Didyouhearthatsomeone _______________________thebankyesterday?

3 Oh,no!Ithinksomeonehas _________________________mycellphone!

4 I’vebeenreadingaboutSirhanSirhan,theman who_________________________Robert Kennedy.

c Fill in the table. Two entries have been done for you.

Crime Criminal Verb

theft thief

robbery rob / steal

murder

assassination

d Check your answers with a partner.

Learning tip

Todevelopyourlisteningskills:

• beforeorwhenyoubeginlistening,thinkabout whatyouknowaboutthetopic• whilelistening,trytounderstandthegeneral ideawithoutworryingabouteachword• inaconversation,askforclarificationor repetitionifyouneedto.

2 Speaking and listeninga Look at the pictures on this page. In pairs,

discuss the questions.

1 Whatdoyouthinkofeachpainting?2 Howcouldtheybeconnectedwithcrime?

b Listen to a radio interview and check your answers to question 2 above.

c Listen again, and answer the following questions.

1 Isarttheftincreasingordecreasing?2 Howmanypaintingswerestolenin Bagnols-sur-Cèzein1972?3 Whatwasthetimeanddateofthetheftofthe CézannepaintingfromtheAshmoleanMuseum?

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Crime and law Lesson 1

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64 Unit 8

The first humans to settle in Australia came from southeastern Asia and are called Aborigines, which means “the first people who lived in any country.” Now the word is used mainly for native Australians.

The next big influx came thousands of years later when the British began to colonize Australia. This colonization was based on convict labor (work done by people who had previously been in prison).

There were two reasons why convicts were deported to Australia: one was that Britain wanted to colonize Australia before the French did. The other reason was that America, where convicts used to be sent, was no longer a colony of Britain (America gained its independence in 1783).

The first place convicts were sent to was Port Jackson, which was established in 1788 and later became Sydney.

Deportation, also called “transportation,” to Sydney only stopped in 1837 when a Parliamentary Committee Report strongly condemned the practice. Parts of Australia still received convicts 30 years after the Committee had presented its report.

Many of the convicts were people living in very difficult conditions, stealing food for a hungry family. Australia, which was at first their prison, later became for them a land of opportunity. It became a fully independent nation in 1901, only 34 years after the last convicts had arrived to serve their sentences.

1 Speaking and readinga In groups, discuss what you

know about Australia.

b Read the book extract about Australia. Then, write the correct dates in statements 1–4.

1 __________:Australiagainsitsindependencefrom Britain

2 __________: firstBritish settlementinAustralia, PortJackson

3 __________:arrivalofthe lastconvictsinAustralia

4 __________: full independenceofAustralia

c Read the extract again. Discuss these questions.

1 Whywereconvictstakenall thewaytoAustraliaatthe endofthe18thcentury?2 Whywastransportationto PortJacksonstopped?3 Whatkindsofcrimeshad mostoftheconvicts committed?

The beginnings of

Australiamodern

Lesson 2 Crime and law

2 Crime and punishment

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65Unit 8

3 Pronunciation: past tense forms

a Look at the following past tense forms. Write them out as rhyming pairs.

went said drank met flew bought read let grew made sent caught sank paid

Notice that the spelling for the same sound is sometimes the same and sometimes different:

/e/ went met said

Notice also that the same spelling may represent more than one sound:

/e/ said /eI/ paid

b Now write the verbs from exercise 3a in the correct column in the table.

c Check that you know the infinitive and the past participle for each of the verbs in your table, and also the pronunciation of each form. Use a dictionary or the verb table at the back of the book to help you.

4 Speaking Make notes and then give a

short talk to your class or group about one aspect of the history of Saudi Arabia.

ThemodernKingdomofSaudiArabiawasofficiallyfoundedin1932byAbdul-AzizbinSaud,whoseeffortstobuildakingdombasedintheAlSaudhomeofRiyadhstartedin1902.

Althoughtheproclamationofrecognitionwasin1932,thenationofSaudiArabiacantraceitsoriginsasfarbackas1744whichmarkedtheestablishmentofthefirstSaudistate…

/e/ /eI/ /O/ /œ/ /u…/

fell came thought sat knew

2 Grammar builder: past perfect

a Look at the following two sentences. Which two tenses are used? Which tense is used for the action / event that happened first, and which for the one that happened later?

1 PartsofAustraliastillreceivedconvicts30yearsaftertheCommitteehadpresenteditsreport.2 Australiabecameafullyindependentnationonly34yearsafterthelastconvictshadarrived.

b Look at the information in the boxes. Then complete the sentences using the verbs in the correct form. Use the past perfect.

TheFrenchconsidercolonizingAustralia. TheBritishestablishsettlementsthere.

TheAboriginesareinAustraliaforthousandsofyears. TheEuropeansreachAustralia.

Manyoftheconvictscommitminorcrimes. TheBritishsendthemtoAustralia.

1 TheBritish(1)_________________________(establish)settlementsinAustraliaaftertheFrench

(2)_________________________(consider)colonizingthenewcontinent.

2 WhentheEuropeans(3)_________________________(reach)Australia,theAborigines

(4)_________________________(be)thereforthousandsofyears.

3 Manyoftheconvicts(5)_________________________(commit)minorcrimesbeforetheBritish

(6)_________________________(send)themtoAustralia.


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3

2 Grammar builder: review of past tenses

a Complete the text with an appropriate verb or verb phrase from the box.

lived haslived hasbeenliving wasliving hadlived usedtolive

b For each blank in the text above, match the correct explanation for the tense used.

1 a) pastexperiencesatanindefinitetimeinthepast2 b)anactioninprogressataparticulartimeinthepast3 c) apastactionthatisnolongertrue4 d)anactionwhichhappenedbeforeanotheractioninthepast5 e) anactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuesintothepresent 6 f ) apastactionatadefinitetime

1 Speaking and readinga In pairs, discuss the following statements.

Check (✔) the statements T (true) or F (false).

1 INTERPOLisaninternationalpoliceforce.

T F2 Itismorethan100yearsold.

T F3 ItisbasedintheUnitedStates.

T F4 Morethan150countriesaremembers.

T F5 Itinvestigatesinternationalcriminalcases.

T F

b Read the text on the right, and check your ideas about Interpol.

interpoL gets its man Melvin Pattersen (1) __________________ in luxurious rented apartments in different parts of the world, but since November 15, 2000, he (2) __________________ in a prison near Toronto. He (3) __________________ in almost all the capitals of Europe and Latin America as well as New York, and now Toronto. He appeared to be a respectable businessman, but he was really a swindler who tricked people into investing in companies which did not exist. From March to October, 2000, he (4) __________________ in a penthouse in Toronto. What he did not know was that a policeman (5) __________________ in the building across the street. In his computer the policeman had a collection of pictures and descriptions of Pattersen from the INTERPOL database collected from all the countries he (6) __________________ and swindled in. It was the end of the road for one more international criminal.

Crime knows no bordersINTERPOL is an international organization which has coordinated cooperation between the police forces of different countries since 1923. There were 186 member countries in 2008. The headquarters or General Secretariat is located in Lyon, France.

INTERPOL is not itself a police force, and it does not conduct investigations. Cases are investigated by the national police forces of

the member countries under their own laws, but INTERPOL plays a very important role in supplying information about criminal activities from one country’s police force to another.

Since 2003, the member countries have been connected by INTERPOL’s global communication system, I—24/7. Each police force can quickly access and check another force’s data, helping to track criminals that operate internationally.

INTERPOL continues to play a vital role in staying one step ahead of the modern criminal.

Interpol

Lesson 3 Crime and law

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3 Speaking, writing, and readinga Read the interview below. Imagine that you are the interviewer. In

pairs, complete the interviewer’s questions. Use the words in parentheses (…) to help you.

Flying HighconductedarareinterviewwithaseniorInterpolofficer.Forsecurityreasonswewillcallhim"James".


Interviewer: Haveyoualways…(Interpol)

James: No,Ihaven’t.

Interviewer: Whatdidyou…(do)

James: IstartedmycareerinlawenforcementasanordinarypoliceofficerinEngland,thirtyyearsago.

Interviewer: Hadyoualways…(want / policeman)

James: Yes,always.

Interviewer: Sohowlonghaveyoubeen…(work)

James: Abouttwentyyearsnow.

Interviewer: Nowadays,Interpolstoresallitsinformationonhugedatabases.Howdidyouuseto…(store)

James: Inmanualfilesinenormousarchives.Itcouldtakeagestofindtheinformation!Nowwecanrespondtoqueriesfromanywhereintheworldinseconds.

Interviewer: Youoncedescribedyourpositionas“theultimatetechno-policeofficer’sjob”.Whydid…(say)

James: Becauseitis!Atthetouchofakeyboard,Ihaveaccesstotherecordsofmillionsofpiecesofinformation.2.3millionstolenmotorvehiclesalone.Thentherearethestolenworksofart,missingpersons,unidentifiedbodies,organizedcrimegangs…

Interviewer: Soyouenjoyyourwork?

James: Yes,Ido.It’sthemostinterestingjobIcanimagine.

b In pairs, use the information in the interview to write two paragraphs to match the following titles.

1 Portraitofaninternationallawenforcementofficer

Thirty years ago, James …

2 InformationstorageatInterpol

Until the 1990s, Interpol used …

c When you have finished, swap your paragraphs with another pair. Check for mistakes.

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68 Unit 8

1 Belonging They say we all need to belong. We usually

begin by “belonging” with our mother, our father, and our brothers and sisters. Then we belong with relatives and friends. Next, institutions invite us to belong, too, our schools first. And at some point we realize that we belong to a much larger community—the nation. We feel loyalty toward it, and sometimes, unfortunately, hostility toward other nations.

Whatmakesyoufeelmostlikeyoubelongtoyournation?Isit:

• thelanguage,oreventheaccentordialect?• your religion, religious beliefs, values?• otherculturalthingsliketraditions,customs,

food,festivals?• thephysicalappearanceofthepeopleorthe

waytheybehave?• simplythefactthatyouwereraisedinyour countryandhavemanymemoriesofit?

Askyourclassmateswhatmakesthemfeeltheybelongtotheirnationalcommunity.HowstronglydotheyfeelabouttheirregionwithinSaudiArabia?

2 Vive la différence!LookatthisphotographofasuburbinBrisbane,Australia.Whatsimilaritiesanddifferencescanyouseebetweenthissceneandasimilarsceneinanothercountry?

3 Rules and regulations Down UnderThe2000SummerOlympicsdrewenormousnumbersofvisitorstoSydney,Australia,fromallaroundtheworld.Althoughitwasthe“summer”Olympics,itwasstillwinter,orperhapsearlyspring,inAustralia,theequivalentofMarchintheNorthernHemisphere.Otherthingsweredifferentformostofthevisitors,too.

WhatdoyouknowaboutAustralia?Answerthequizonpage69.

4Lesson 4 Crime and law

Language for life: understanding nations

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4 Advice for a visitorListentoanAmericangivingadvicetoafriendwhoisgoingtovisitAustralia.Completesentences1–4,anddiscussthemwithapartner.

1 BeforecrossingthestreetinAustralia,always

_______________________________________________________.

2 BeforeyoutakeyourtriptoAustralia, _______________________________________________________.

3 Visitdifferentplacesalongwayapart,forexample:

a)______________________________________________________.

b)______________________________________________________.

c)______________________________________________________.

4 ForApril,take___________________clothes.

WouldyouliketovisitAustralia?Ifyes,why?Ifno,whynot?

ImagineafriendfromAustraliavisitedyourcityorregionlastmonth.Makebriefnotes,andthenwritethreeshortparagraphsaboutthingstheyhadorhadn’texpected,suchas:

• theweather,clothes,etc.• placestovisitandthings toseeanddo• anycustoms,forexample howpeoplesay“hello”to eachother.

answers:1NewZealand.2Goodday(i.e.Goodmorning/afternoon,orsimplyHello).3SecondmostwidelyspokenlanguageisItalian;thethirdisGreek.4BothwordscomefromtheAborigines.A“boomerang”isahuntingweapon.5Left.6Compulsory.7Allofthem.8Canberra.9Mostpeopleliveonthecoast.10MuchofAustraliaisflat,drydesert.

VISAS

1 Whichistheonlycountrywhosepassport

holdersdonotrequireavisatovisitAustralia?

_______________________________________

LANGUAGE—English,ofcourse,but…

2 Whatdoes“G’day”meaninAustralianEnglish?

_______________________________________

3 Whatarethesecondandthirdmostwidely

spokenlanguagesinAustralia?

_______________________________________

4 Whatlanguagedoes“boomerang”

comefrom,andwhatdoesitmean?

_______________________________________

DRIVING

5 Dovehiclesdriveontherightortheleft?

_______________________________________

6 Isitcompulsorytowearaseatbeltornot?

_______________________________________

SMOKING

7 Inwhichofthefollowingplacesissmoking

prohibited:governmentbuildings,public

transportation,airports?

_______________________________________

GEOGRAPHY

8 WhatisthecapitalofAustralia?

_______________________________________

9 WheredomostAustralianslive?

_______________________________________

10 WhattypeoflandcoversmostofAustralia?

_______________________________________

Check your answers with the key below.


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1

2

1

2 Word builder: nouns as adjectives (noun–noun phrases)

a Look at the following noun–noun phrases. What does each one mean?

1 bankaccount 2 corruptioncharge 3 killerhurricane

b Write phrases using one noun from box 1 with another noun from box 2. In pairs, discuss the phrases you have written. Describe who or what they are.

corruption bank crime car earthquake fraudkidnap murder passport plane police tax

accident charge crash damage evasion forgeryinvestigation plot robbery scandal scene victim

c Use the phrases you made in exercise 2b to write headlines. Share your headlines and decide whose is the:

•funniest •mostinteresting •mostsensational •mostbelievable

1 Reading and speakinga Read the headlines. What do

you think each story is about? Compare your ideas in groups.

b In pairs, list some of the newspapers, magazines, and TV shows in Saudi Arabia.Which ones do you think are the least reliable? Compare your choice and reasons with those of other pairs.

Sensationalism

Learning tip

Trytolearncommonwordgroups(e.g.noun–nounphraseslikebank account,phrasalverbslikeput up with,andexpressionslikeout of order)assinglevocabularyitems,whichtheyreallyare.Hereisonewaytoworkonnewvocabularyitems.

Writetheitemsoncards.Tapethecardsinaplaceyouwillseeeveryday,e.g.aroundthemirrorinyourbathroom.Saysentences,includingthenewitems,everytimeyouseethem.

Missing millions in Director’s swiss bank account!

ex-president on corruption charge

c

POLICE ARREST

million-dollar forger!

KILLER HURRICANE COMING!

Unit 9 Mass media

Unit 9

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3 Pronunciation: word stress

a Listen to the following noun–noun phrases. Is the main stress on the first or the second noun?

bankaccount crimescene taxevasion planecrash

b In pairs, practice saying these and other noun–noun phrases.

4 Reading and speakinga Read the newspaper headline and first paragraph of the article. In

pairs, discuss what you know about Ibn Battuta.

b Read the newspaper article. In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 WhathappenedinTangierinJuly1350?

2 Waseveryonesurprisedbythisevent?

3 HowdidIbnBattutagettoIndia?

4 WhydidhegotoChina?

5 Puttheseeventsintothecorrectorder:

a)AshipleftIndiawithouthim.

b)Twoshipssankinastorm.

c)Twokingscapturedhim.

d)Adangerouslocaltribeattackedhim.

5 Writing, reading, and speaking

a In pairs, write a short article for the headline: POLICE ARREST MILLION-DOLLAR FORGER!

Begin like this.

Continue with paragraphs about the following:

1 WhatGeorgeTurnersaidtothenewspaperreporter.

2 HowpolicebelieveCharlieReynoldsmadethejourneyfromChicagotoToronto.

3 WhatwillhappentoReynoldsnow.

b Read all the articles written by your classmates. Discuss the articles, and vote for the following:

• thearticlewiththebeststory

• thearticlewiththebestwriting.

The Tangier Post • Thursday, July 3, 1350

MirAcuLouS return of LoSt trAVeLerYesterday Tangier celebrated in style to welcome back the world-famous explorer, Ibn Battuta, after an absence of nearly 25 years. Many believed Battuta to be lost, or even dead. “I never worried,” said a friend. “I knew he would come back.”

Battuta’s journeys have taken him to the furthest parts of the known world and beyond. Traveling in a caravan with the Golden Horde, he explored Astrakhan, Bokhara and Samarkand. He journeyed through the wild mountain passes of Afghanistan and finally reached India where he met Mohammad Tughlaq, Sultan of Delhi. The Sultan, impressed by Battuta’s learning and adventurous spirit, appointed him ambassador to China.

Battuta’s adventures were not over. Attacked by a dangerous local tribe on the way to join his ship,

he was robbed and left for dead. He was captured not once, but twice, by local kings, after losing two of his ships in a storm and finding himself stranded when the third sailed without him.

But our fearless Moroccan explorer never gave up, and after almost unbelievable hardships finally reached China, traveling to Shanghai and Beijing before making the long journey home.

The Tangier Post says WELCOME HOME IBN BATTUTA! And what has Battuta got to say about it all?

Ever modest, he told our reporter: “Well, it was a little tiring, but all great fun.”

Early yesterday morning, police arrested Charlie reynolds, the escaped

prisoner who was serving a ten-year sentence in Chicago for forging $1,000,000. Following a lead from Interpol, Canadian police tracked the American forger to an apartment in Toronto.

George Turner, a neighbor, said “It was about 5 a.m. and I was woken up by …”

Mass media Lesson 1

Unit 9

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1 Speaking and readinga Read the stories on the news website and decide which section of the

website each story is from.

SaudiArabia____ MiddleEast____ World____ Economy____Law____ Sports____ Life&style____

b In pairs, discuss which piece of news you would like to know more about.

News2

Unit 9

Lesson 2 Mass media

Forward Back

NEWS

Stop Home Refresh Tools Library Mail

Address http://www.news.com

news.comSaudi Arabia Middle East World Economy Law Sports Life & style

(1) Philanthropist Al-Rajab to receive prizeSuleiman Al-Rajab, a well-known Saudi businessman and philanthropist, will receive an International Prize for services to Islam during a ceremony in Riyadh on Tuesday.

(2) Yanbu Flower Show draws thousands

The Yanbu Flower Show and Garden Festival, which opened on Monday evening, is drawing thousands of local residents and visitors.

(3) Number 1 tennis star struggles to beat outsider in DubaiThe number one tennis star struggled to beat an outsider, but ended with a straight win at the Dubai Championships.

(4) Kingdom’s exports jumped 37% to SAR 1.5 trillionExports from Saudi Arabia remain on track as moderate oil production has been compensated by the rise in the price of oil.

(5) Court verdict in anti-piracy fightSaudi Arabia’s Board of Grievances recommended a jail sentence for a Saudi businessman trading in pirated goods.

(6) Saudi Arabia to honor $3.75 billion aid pledge“The Kingdom pledged to support Egypt with financial aid totaling $3.75 billion,” the Foreign Minister told the Saudi Press Agency.

(7) Over 15 million young people to join Gulf region’s work force in 10 yearsOver 15 million young people will enter the workforce in Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt over the next decade, according to a new report.

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4 Speaking, writing, and readinga Think of something memorable you did when you were younger.

Share stories with at least three people. Write a brief report about the most interesting story you heard in your conversation.

Nadia told me she … . She said that … .

b In groups, read each other’s reports, and discuss them.

3 Grammar builder: past reported speech – statements

a Look at the reported statements, and compare them with the original statements. How have the verbs changed in the two versions? Which ones haven’t changed?

1 “Iwillneverletmypeopledown.”The King said he would never let his people down.

2 “Heshouldgotojail.”TheBoardofGrievancesarguedthatthebusinessmanshouldgotojailfortradinginpiratedgoods.

3 “Iamingoodform.”Thetennisstarinsistedthathewasingoodform.

4 “Peoplecameintheirthousandstolastyear’sflowerfestival .”Theorganizersaidthatpeoplehadcomeintheirthousandstolastyear’sflowerfestival.

5 “Saudiexportshavegoneup–wehaveearnedmoremoney.”Thespokesman explainedthatSaudiexportshadgoneup.

6 “Thediscoveryofoilseemedinsignificantatfirst.”Faqihsaidthatthediscoveryofoilhadseemedinsignificantatfirst.

b Read the first of the pairs of sentences, and complete the second using reported speech.

1 a) “I havealwaysdonemybestforIslam,”the philanthropistsaid.

b)Hesaidhe________________________

2 a) “Iwillopentheflowerfestivaltomorrow,”she announced.

b)Sheannouncedthatshe___________the flowerfestivalthe_________day.

3 a) “SaudiArabiaunderstandsthepositionof Egypt,”thespokesmansaid.

b)Hetoldreportersthat___________________ ______________________________________

4 a) “Icanbeproudofmyachievements ,”the tennisstarinsisted.

b)Heinsistedhe__________________________ ______________________________________

c Read the article again and answer these questions.

1 WhatdidAl-Rajabwinaprizefor?2 HowsuccessfulwastheYanbuflowerfestival?3 HaveexportsfromSaudiArabiagoneupordown?4 WhydidtheBoardofGrievancesrecommendajailsentenceforaSaudibusinessman?5 WhatdidSaudiArabiagivetoEgypt?6 Wherewilltherebelotsofyoungpeopletryingtogetwork?

2 Word builder: reporting verbs

a Choose the correct reporting verb to complete each sentence.

1 “TheKingdidgiveEgyptaidworth$3.75billion,”(insisted/told)thespokesman.2 “Thedeputypremierwillmakeastatementtomorrow,”thespokesman(argued/announced).3 “Ihavesomethingveryimportanttotellyou,”theman(informed/claimed)thereporter.4 “Al-Rajabhaswontheprize,”thereporter(stated/argued).5 “HaveexportsfromSaudiArabiagoneupordown?”(asked/argued)thereporter.6 “Therewillbe15millionnewyoungpeoplewithoutwork,”thereport(told/said).

Mass media Lesson 2

Unit 9

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Newspapers – news or entertainment?31 Speaking and listening

a Listen to a conversation about newspapers. Who is closer to your opinions, James or Charlie?

b From your memory of the discussion, check (✔) the opinions as J (James’) or C (Charlie’s). Listen again and check your answers.

1 There’stoomuchaboutsportand televisoninnewspapers. J C

2 Newspapers shouldprovidewhat peoplewant. J C

3 Newspapers shouldeducate people. J C

4 Newspapers havetomake money. J C

2 Grammar builder: past reported speech – questions

a Read the conversation. Then, look at the reported speech, and compare it with the questions in italics. How many changes can you see?

Charlie: Thereshouldn’tbesomuchaboutsportinnewspapers.

James: Well,haven’tyoueverreadthesportspages?

Charlie: Yes,sometimes…butpeopledon’twanttohavesomuchofit.

James: Ah,buthowcanyouknowwhatpeoplewant?

JamesaskedCharlieifhehadeverreadthesportspages.Heaskedhimhowhecouldknowwhatpeoplewanted.

b Read the first sentence of each pair, and complete the second sentence using the correct form of the verb for reported speech.

1 “Wheredoyoulive?”heaskedhim.

Heaskedhimwhere .

2 “Wherehaveyoubeentoday,”Iaskedhim.

Iaskedhimwhere .

3 “Whodidyouseeatthestores,”myfatheraskedme.

Myfatheraskedmewho .

4 “Whichwaydidthemango?”Thepolicemanaskedthedriver.

Thepolicemanaskedthedriverwhich .

5 “HowcanIimprovemyEnglish?”Iaskedmyteacher.

Iaskedmyteacherhow .

Unit 9

Lesson 3 Mass media

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3 Word builder: expressions for discussions

Complete the discussion below with appropriate expressions from the box.

Ithink Idon’tthink don’tyouthink Iagree Idon’tagree inmyopinion

Doug: What’sinthenewspapertoday?Charlie: Well,(1)_________________________ there’stoomuchaboutsportand

television.Doug: But(2)__________________________ that’swhatpeoplewant?Charlie: Yes,(3)__________________________ uptoapoint.But (4) _____________________________ newspapershavearesponsibilityto

educateus.Doug: (5)_____________________________ atall.Anewspaper’smainresponsibility

istosellcopies,sotheyhavetogive peoplewhattheywant.

Charlie: Well,(6)_________________________ theyshouldputmoneybeforetheir

widerresponsibilitiestoreportserious news.

c Check that the second sentence of each pair means the same as the first sentence. If it doesn’t, correct it so that it does.

1 “Willyouletmereadyournewspaper?”DougaskedCharlie.

DougaskedCharlieifhewilllethimreadhisnewspaper.

2 “Willyoustoparguingwithme?”Charlieaskedhim.

Charlieaskedhimifhewouldstoparguingwithhim.

3 “Whydoyouthinkthat?”heaskedhim. Heaskedhimwhydidhethinkthat.

4 “Doyoufeelthatthere’stoomuchsportinthenewspapers?”Dougaskedhim.

Heaskedhimwhetherhethoughttherewastoomuchsportinthenewspapers.

5 “Isitimportanttohavethisargument?”theyaskedeachother.

Theyaskedeachotherifitwasimportanttohavethisargument.

4 Speaking and readinga In groups, discuss these questions.

1 ManynewspapersnowpublishthemselvesontheInternet.Wouldyouprefertoreadnewspapersandotherprintedmaterialsonyourcomputer,ordoyoupreferthe"realthing".

2 Somepeoplearepredictingthat,inthenottoodistantfuture,theprintedpage–e.g.booksandnewspapers–willbeathingofthepast.Doyouthinkthatthisislikely?

b Read the article about computerized literature. Is the writer in favor of, or against the developments?

c In pairs, list the advantages and disadvantages of e-books and e-newspapers. Compare your list with another pair’s list, and discuss them. Are you more or less in favor of the disappearance of the printed word?

In the 21st century we are witnessing a gradual but inevitable change in the way we receive news and information. More and more people are discovering that they can gain access to information – much of it free of charge – just by clicking onto their computer. Whether it is national or international news and sport, it’s all immediately accessible. So who needs newspapers?

And what is true for newspapers is also becoming true of books. The e-book (the online book) is slowly making inroads into the sales of the p-book (the printed, paper copy). This is not only more convenient (no more carrying heavy books around) but also more environmentally friendly (no more cutting down trees to make the paper).

The arguments for the change to virtual literature are strong, and the advance of technology cannot be stopped. But don’t we already spend more than enough time staring at our computer monitors? There are many of us who think that reading our breakfast newspaper is a good start to the day, that the feel of a bound book in our hands is comforting, and that the world would be a poorer place without the printed word.

Virtual literature

Mass media Lesson 3

Unit 9

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Officialname:_____________________________________________

Location:________________________________________________

area(square kilometers):___________________________________

Capital:__________________________________________________

Population:_______________________________________________

Majorlanguage:___________________________________________

Mainexports:_____________________________________________

Internetdomain:__________________________________________

Internetusers:____________________________________________

Internationaldialingcode:_________________________________

english-languagemedia:___________________________________

todd carter reports on developments in Asia

Mr. Yang, who works as a reporter for the newspaper China Today, a vital source of news for English speakers across China, met me at the airport.

The new China was obvious everywhere. I told him that I was impressed. Mr. Yang smiled and said that before taking flight, a dragon had to first breathe fire. I thought for a minute and then understood what he meant. The birth of new China would not be easy.

China’s 1.4 billion people are living

through a bloodless revolution. Or at least those in the capital are. Outside major cities like Beijing and Shanghai, the pace of change is slower. In the city, though, the transformation was remarkable. From the airport, we drove past building sites, new houses, and shopping malls alongside the old factories, still producing most of the clothes China exports.

When I last visited, ten years ago, the people had seemed hopeful but they were still very unsure of the changes taking place. This time, there was a new optimism in the air. We arrived at the hotel and …

The Dragon Takes Flight

The

eastern

of China

1 When you desperately need to knowWhenwasabrahamLincolnPresidentoftheUnitedStates?IsthepopulationofNigeriagreaterorsmallerthanthepopulationofTurkey?HowmanyautomobilesdoesBrazilexporttotheeuropeanUnion?Instudyandwork,weoftenneedtoknowtheanswerstoquestionslikethese.

Howwouldyoufindtheanswerstothethreequestionsabove?Compareyourresearchstrategieswiththoseofotherclassmates.

Forthenexttimeyoumeet,findtheanswerstothethreequestions,andcomparethemwithotherclassmates’answers.Whofoundtheanswersquicklyandeasily?

2 Researching China

WhatdoyoualreadyknowaboutChina?Whatcanyouguess?Whatcanyoufindoutquickly?

ReadtheextractsfromanarticleaboveandtheWebpageonpage77.Checkandcompleteasmuchoftheinformationonthefactsheetasyoucanfind.

RUSSIA

INDIA

4

Unit 9

Lesson 4 Mass media

Language for life: doing research

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4 The InternetTheInternetisthemostpowerfulresearchmachineinhumanhistory–andyouain’tseennothingyet!Touseit,allyouneedareafewbasicnotionsandthenjustexplore!Howareyouonthebasicnotions?

a) What is a "search topic"?

b) What can the letters at the end of an address tell you?

c) Whatisablog?

d)Whatisabulletinboard?

Have you done any research on the Internet? What was your experience? Compare your experience with that of your classmates.

ChinaRadioInternationalbroadcastsprogramsinmanydifferentlanguages.Listentothisextractfromaradioprogramandcompletethefactsheetonpage76.

3 Reliable sources?Ingroups,considerhowreliablethefollowingsourcesofinformationare.Trytoputtheminorderfrommostreliabletoleastreliable.

localnewspapers

televisionnews

nationalnewspapers

othertelevisionshows

radionews

officialWebsites

personalWebsites

travel

Bob’s china page

OK, time for an update. Sorry I haven’t been around for a while, but you know what work’s like! Anyway, just got back from another trip to the People’s Republic (or just plain old China to you and me), so I’ve got lots to tell and lots of photographs to post. I did a lot of traveling (and with 5.8 million square kilometers to visit, I still haven’t seen much!), but I did manage to keep in touch with home. The Internet is spreading – there are about 137 million users in China now – but it’s not always easy to get online because it’s pretty tightly controlled. Still, I watched the news every day on CCTV-9 (in English – my Mandarin Chinese still isn’t good enough to follow the news!). The highlights of this trip were the people (as usual!), a trip to the Great Wall of China and swimming in the Bohai Sea.

China is changing fast ...

Clickformore… Thinking of going to China? Bob recommends: arrangeyourtrip Callyourlocaltravelagent. Chinainfo Takealookinthelibraryforinformation. ResearchontheInternet.

I

Mass media Lesson 4

Unit 9

Home our pics Links Advice Bob’s Beijing Search the Web:

http://www.internet-travel

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Irregular verbs

Infinitive Pastsimple Participle

be was/were been

become became become

begin began begun

break broke broken

build built built

buy bought bought

can could –

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

come came come

cost cost cost

deal dealt dealt

do did done

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feel felt felt

find found found

fly flew flown

forget forgot forgotten

get got gotten

give gave given

go went gone

grow grew grown

have had had

hear heard heard

keep kept kept

know knew known

leave left left

Infinitive Pastsimple Participle

lend lent lent

let let let

lose lost lost

make made made

mean meant meant

meet met met

pay paid paid

put put put

read read read

ring rang rung

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

sell sold sold

send sent sent

show showed shown

sink sank sunk

sit sat sat

speak spoke spoken

spend spent spent

steal stole stolen

take took taken

teach taught taught

tell told told

think thought thought

throw threw thrown

understand understood understood

wear wore worn

win won won

write wrote written

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Pronunciation

79

Pronunciation

Vowels

/i/ eat

/I/ sit

/eI/ wait

/e/ get

/œ/ hat

/aI/ write

/ø/ but

/u/ food

/U/ good

/oU/ go

/O/ saw

/A/ hot

/aU/ cow

/OI/ boy

/‰r/ her

/´/ sofa

Consonants/b/ bat/k/ cat/tS/ chair/d/ dad/f/ fat/g/ girl/h/ hat/dZ/ July/l/ like/m/ man/n/ new/p/ pet/kw/ queen/r/ run/s/ see/S/ shirt/t/ talk/D/ the/∏/ thin/v/ voice/w/ where/j/ you/N/ ring(asfinalsound)/z/ zoo

Unit3,Lesson3,exercise2cStudenta

Walt Disney was born in Chicago on December 5, 1901. He became interested in drawing and photography at an early age. After the First World War, he worked as an advertising cartoonist in Kansas City and created his first animated cartoon. In 1923, he went to Hollywood, where his brother was living. He arrived there with only $40 in his pocket. Walt and his brother borrowed $500 and set up a studio to produce animated cartoons. Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 and appeared in the first sound cartoon, Steamboat Willie. In 1937, Disney produced the first full-length animated musical cartoon, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Unit3,Lesson3,exercise2cStudentB

Walt invested the huge sum of $1,499,000 in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and employed 750 artists to do the animation. It was a massive hit and earned $8 million in two years. It was followed by other full-length classics such as Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo, and Bambi.In 1955, Walt launched Disneyland Park in California at a cost of $17 million. By 1985, 250 million people had visited the theme park. There are now theme parks in Orlando, Paris, and Tokyo. During his career, Disney won 32 Oscars for his movies. He was one of the greatest influences in the world of entertainment and died in 1966.To date, the Disney company has made almost 50 full-length animated movies. Since 1950, it has been making live movies as well as animated ones.

Thealphabet

/eI/

Aa

Hh

Jj

Kk

/i/

Bb

Cc

Dd

Ee

Gg

Pp

Tt

Vv

Zz

/e/

Ff

Ll

Mm

Nn

Ss

Xx

/aI/

Ii

Yy

/oU/

Oo

/u/

Qq

Uu

Ww

/Ar/

Rr

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Learner trainingA

80

Learner training

1 Vocabulary: being a good learner – knowing a word Knowing a word means being able to:

• useitinasentence–knowingthewordsitgoestogetherwith

• pronounce/stressitcorrectly

• understandthedifferencebetweenthiswordandothersimilarones.

YouwillseefromthisStudent’sBookthattherearedifferentwaysoforganizingnewwords.

Thesearedesignedtohelpyourememberthewordsandimportantinformationaboutthem.Youshould

haveaseparatevocabularynotebookwhereyouwritenewwordsandimportantinformationaboutthem.

2 Word buildingItcanbeusefultonoticepatternsacrossdifferenttypesofword(wordclass):

discuss – discussion

Task1

Completethetable.

3 CollocationInthisStudent’sBookyouhaveseenexercisesoncollocation–wordsthatgotogether.

Thisappliestoallkindsofwords:

You play tennis.(verb+noun)a rainy day(adjective+noun) You speak English fluently.(verb+adverb)

Writedowncollocationswhenyoulearnnewwords.

Task2

Matchthewordsfromeachcolumntomakeacollocation.

1 strong a)story

2 make b) coffee

3 loyal c) friend

4 political d) need

5 desperately e) party

6 true f ) anerror

Noun Verb adjective Negativeadjective

decision __________________ __________________ indecisive

__________________ toappreciate __________________ __________________

__________________ __________________ polluting __________________

Noticethat:

• nounsmaybeformedfromverbsbyaddingsuffixes:sion/tion,etc.

• negativeprefixesarecommoninEnglish:in/un/im,etc.

• prefixestendtoaffectmeaning,suffixestendtoaffectwordclass.

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81

Learner training

4 ConnotationNowthatyourvocabularyhasgrown,youhavemorewordsforthesamethings.Oftenthereisa

differencebetweenthewords:connotationistheimpressionawordgivesapartfromitsessential

meaning.Thewordsinparenthesesbelowexpresstheconnotationoftheexamples:

a guy: a man(informal)

an adult: a grown up(thisisthewordthatisoftenusedbychildren)

Itisimportanttorecordthiskindofinformationwithnewwordssothatyoucanusethem.

Task3

Matchthewordsthataresimilarinmeaning.

1 sibling a)tobecomemore/goup

2 totolerate b)so

3 therefore c)nervous

4 toincrease d)tosayno

5 torefuse e)toputupwith

6 apprehensive f )brotherorsister

Whichcolumnhastheformalwords,whichtheinformal?

Task4

Writesentencestoshowthedifferenceinconnotationbetweenthefollowingwordpairs.Useyourdictionaryifyouwantto.

to inquire – to ask

mom – mother

• NoticethatLatinatewordstendtobemoreformal.

answersWordbuildingTask1

NounVerbadjectiveNegativeadjectivedecisiontodecidedecisiveindecisiveappreciationtoappreciateappreciativeunappreciativepollutiontopollutepollutingnon-polluting

CollocationTask22makeanerror3loyalfriend4politicalparty5desperatelyneed6truestory

ConnotationTask31sibling:brotherorsister2totolerate:toputupwith3therefore:so4toincrease:tobecomemore/goup5torefuse:tosayno6apprehensive:nervousThefirstcolumnhastheformalwords.

Task4Suggestedanswers:He inquired about the train times. She asked her friend if she was free that evening. I’m taking my mom some flowers. And how long has your father been ill, sir?

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Spelling rulesB

82

Spelling rules

Rule 1: Spelling of plural endings

• Wordsendinginch,sh,s,xorz:addes. Thisisoftenpronounced/Iz/: bus – buses

• Somewordsendinginoaddes,otherssimplyadds. tomato – tomatoes, potato – potatoes, radio – radios

• Wordsendinginforfechangestoves. wife – wives

Task 1

Writetheplurals.

knife–_______________________ 3hero–_______________________

1 brush–_______________________ 4tax–_______________________

2 match–_______________________ 5boss–_______________________

Task2

Correctthetext.

Georgeissuchaheroe.HespentalldayputtingupshelfsinmybedroomsoIcoulddisplaymyphotoes.

Ialsoputsomeboxisupthere.Itlooksgreat.I'mgoingtobuyhimawatcheforathankyoupresente.

Rule 2: Doubling of consonants• Words of one syllable ending in one vowel and one consonant – double the consonant when the

word gets longer: put – putting, thin – thinnest, fit – fitted

•Wordsendinginavowel+y,worxdonotdoubleandsimplyaddendings(ing,er,est,ed):play–played,show–showing

•Longerwords(twoormoresyllables)endinginonevowelandoneconsonantdoubleonlywhenthestressisonthelastsyllable:begin–beginning,refer–referring,buttravel–traveling,visit–visiting

Task3

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordinparentheses.

1 He(stay)_______________________foracoffeeafterclassyesterday.

2 Sheisagood(listen)_______________________.

3 Theyare(plan)_______________________asummerwedding.

4 Johnismuch(tall)_______________________thanCarl.

5 He(drop)_______________________thebookonmyfoot.

knives

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83

Spelling rules

Task4

Correctthetext.Therearetenspellingerrors.

BobhadateriblearguementwithJamieinthelibrarie.Hetoledhimshewasstupidandhewasreallyangrie.It

wasveryembarassingfortheirproffessorandhissecratarywhowereworkingthere.Jamieisn'tcomingto

classtommorrowandBobisdefinitelyresponsable.

Rule 3: Final y and i

• Finalyusuallychangestoiwhenthewordgetslonger: easy – easier marry – marriage baby – babies

• Thischangedoesnothappenbeforeendingsstarting withi: try – trying cry – crying

• Nordoesthischangehappeniftheycomes immediatelyafteravowel: stay – stayed gray – graying Note:exceptionsare:say – said, pay – paid

• Finaliechangestoybeforeing lie – lying

Task5

Correctthetext.Therearetenspellingerrors.

IhurryiedtothebankbecauseIhadtopaieinacheck.WhenIarrivedtheywereclozingthedoors.Iwas

furyousandItriedtopushthedooropencraiying,“Thisisnotgoodbusyness.”“ThisisThersdai,”sayedthe

manager.“Enjoiyourweekend.ComebackandtriagainonSunday.”

answers

Task1

2brushes,3matches,4heroes,5taxes,6bosses

Task2

...hero...shelves...photos...boxes...watch...present

Task3

1stayed,2listener,3planning,4taller,5dropped,6bowed

Task4

terrible...argument...library...told...cried...embarrassing...professor...secretary...tomorrow...responsible

Task5

...hurried...pay...closing...furious...crying...business...Friday...said...enjoy...try

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MacmillanEducationBetweenTownsRoad,Oxford,OX43PPAdivisionofMacmillanPublishersLimitedCompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld

ISBN:978-0-230-40536-3

Text©MacmillanPublishersLtd2009WrittenbySimonBrewster,PaulDaviesandMickeyRogersAdditionaltextforthiseditionbyNickMcIverDesignandillustration©MacmillanPublishersLimited2009Publishingmanagement:hyphen

PublishedunderlicencefromEditorialMacmillandeMexico,S.A.deC.V.

Firstpublished2009

Allrightsreserved;nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublishers.

TypesetbyZedCoverdesignbyOliverDesignCoverphotographybyArdea/JimZipp.

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Flying High for Saudi Arabia - Level 4 - Student's Book