Flying High for Saudi Arabia - Level 5 - Student's Book

FlyingHighfor Saudi Arabia

Level 5Simon Brewster Paul Davies Mickey Rogers

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UNIT Page LeSSONS gRaMMaR

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1 Trends 6 1 Urbandevelopment2Lookinggood3Shoptillyoudrop4Languageforlife:climatechange

•Orderofadjectives•Aspectsofquantifiers

2 Bigmoments 14 1 Personalfirsts2Theinterview3Thebigday4Languageforlife

•Expressingobligation/necessity•Prepositionsandpresentparticiple

timeexpressions

3 Crossingcultures 22 1 Evaluatingtradition2Theplanejourney3Listeningtoadvice4Languageforlife:socialcustoms

•Thirdconditional•Expressingwishes

4 Life’sajourney 30

1 TotheMoonandback2Aneartragedy3TheWaroftheWorlds4Languageforlife:makingthe

mostoftravel

•Would have, should have, could have•Pastmodalsfordeduction–could

have, might have, may have, must have, can’t have

5 Stagesoflife 38 1 Learningtobehuman2Goalsinlife3WhenI’m444Languageforlife:scholarships

•Futureprogressivevs.futuresimple•Connectors

Contents

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FUNCTIONS VOCaBULaRY PRONUNCIaTION

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Contents

•Describingpeople/things•Complaining•Givingopinions

•Cities•Clothing•Shoppingitems

•Linking

•Talkingaboutobligationandnecessity

•Indicatingtime•Practicingforajobinterview

•Weddingsandgraduations•Invitations

•Intonation–showinginterest

•Talkingaboutpastconditions/causeandeffect

•Expressingwishesandregrets•Talkingaboutcustoms

•Genderandwork•Jobs

•Sentencestress–conditionals

•Speculatingaboutpasteventsandactions

•Tellingastory•Talkingabouttravel

•Weakforms–modals

•Talkingaboutstagesoflife•Talkingaboutfutureevents•Talkingabouthowtogeta

scholarship•Explaininganidea

•People•Lifegoals•Linkingwords

•Linking

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UNIT Page LeSSONS gRaMMaR

6 Thefuture 46

1 Lookingbackat20012Tomorrow’sworld3Yourfuture4Languageforlife:theworldof

English

•Futureperfect•Futureforms

Contents

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Irregularverbs 78Pronunciation 79Learnertraining 80Spellingrules 82

AB

7 The20thcentury 54 1 Changes2 History3 Worldfigures4 Languageforlife:

conference-going

•Connectors•Pasttimeclauses

8 Peopleand 62technology

1 Livingwithmachines2 Modernscience3 Technologydependenceandrisks4 Languageforlife:technology

surveys

•Whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever

•Wordorderwithmulti-wordverbs

9 Globalversuslocal 70 1 Therealthing2 Internationalandlocalfood3 Communicatingwiththeworld4 Languageforlife:franchises

•Nounphrases•Indefinitepronouns

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FUNCTIONS VOCaBULaRY PRONUNCIaTION

•Speculatingaboutthefuture•Communicatingfeelings•TalkingaboutworldEnglish

•Developmentsintechnology•Emotions

•Intonationandemotion

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Contents

•Givingpersonalopinionsonworldchange

•Talkingaboutworldfigures•Talkingabouthistoricalevents

•Wordsthatarebothnounsandverbs

•Strategiesforunderstandingwords

•Wordstress

•Talkingabouttechnologynowandinthefuture

•Givingopinionsaboutscientificadvances

•Analyzingacompany

•Multi-wordverbs•Scienceandtechnology

•Stresswithseparablemulti-wordverbs

•Givingopinonsaboutillegaltrade•Talkingaboutfoodandeating

customs•Conductingasurvey•Makingabusinessplan

•Businessandcommerce•Food

•Sounds–/eI/,/e/and/aI/

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Urban development11 Speakinga Workinpairs.Whichcitydothe

photographsshow?Whendoyouthinktheyweretaken?

b Discussthedifferencesbetweenthetwophotographs.Whatwasthecitylikeinphotograph1?Whatisitlikenow(photograph2)?

2 Listeningandspeakinga ListentoTrevorMackaytalkingabouthislifeinLondoninthe1970s.Check(✔)thetopicshementions

fromthelist.

1 museums 3 food 5 studying 7 traffic 9 architecture

2 clothes 4 family 6 age 8 tourism 10 politics

b ListenagainandchoosethecorrectphrasestocompleteTrevor’sstatementsandopinions.

1 Trevorwas / wasn’tborninLondon.

2 Therewas more / less trafficinthe1970s.

3 Londonismore / less pollutednow.

4 Itoftentookmoretimetogosomewhereon foot / by bus.

5 StudentsinLondonnowadaysprobablycan / can’t eataswellasTrevordid.

6 Inthe1970stherewereno / a fewverytallbuildings.

7 Studentfashionchanges a lot / doesn’t change much.

c Whatareyourearliestmemoriesofyourhometown?Discussthemwithaclassmate.

3 Pronunciation:linking

a Listentotheexamplesoflinking,andmatchthelinkedwordstothedescriptionsa–d.

1 Iwasbornin1948. a) /r/tovowel

2 He’stoooldtoplayfootball. b) consonanttovowel

3 AreyouFrench?Yes,Iam. c) a‘back’vowel(asintoo,now, so)

4 She’samemberof d) a‘front’vowel(asinI, be, see)is theStudentCouncil. joinedtoanothervowelby/j/ (She is French!)

b Workinpairs.Readsentences1and2andidentifythetypeoflinking(a,b,c,ordfromexercise3a).Thenlistenandcheckyourpronunciation.

1 WhenIwasateenager,I didn’thavemyownroom.

2 Thisappleisabsolutely delicious.

Unit 1 Trends

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4 Reading,speakingandwritinga Workinpairs.LookatthreepicturesofRiyadhandal-Diriyah.

Discussapossibledateforeachofthebuildingsinpictures.

The historical town of al-Diriyah lies about 15 km northwest of Riyadh.

It is located in an oasis of palm groves on the edges of Wadi Hanifa.

The first settlements in al-Diriyah appeared over 500 years ago.

The town grew and developed into an important urban center,

becoming the residence of Al Saud and the capital of the First Saudi

State from 1744-1818.

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Trends Lesson1

Unit1

b Readthetext.Whichpicturedoesitdescribe?

c Writeaparagraphabouteachoftheothertwopictures.Whatcanyousee?Whatchangeshavetakenplace?

AA

AC

AB

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1 Wordbuilder:clothing a Lookatthephotographsanddescribeeacharticleofclothing,usingwordsfromthethreeboxes.

cufflinkssweatshirtjacketpants headband(agal)sneakersshortsjeansscarfT-shirtsuitcoatsocksghotrahtieshirt

plainstripedcheckedfadedglittering

cottonleathercorddenimwoolensilklinenpolyestermetal

b Whichclothingarticlesarenotincludedinthephotographs?

c Workinpairs.Imaginethatyoucouldeachpicktwoitemsofclothingtowear.Whichwouldyouchoose?Compareideaswithyourpartner.

2Grammarbuilder:order of adjectives

a Lookattheexamples.

a large blue cotton shirt a small red denim bag

Basedontheseexamples,numberthe usualsequenceofadjectives.

material■ color■ size■ +noun

b Putthesephrasesinthecorrectorder.

1 ugly/red/an/sweater/woolen 2 large/a/brown/of/leather/ boots/pair 3 linen/white/a/jacket/small 4 plastic/black/long/raincoat/a

c Workinpairs.Lookatwhatyour partneriswearingfor30seconds. Thensitbacktobackanddescribe yourpartner’sclothes.

You’re wearing a pair of black jeans, a woolen sweater …

Looking good2

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

A D G

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

B E H

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

C F I

8 Unit1

Lesson2 Trends

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1 Wecanexpectalotmoretechnologicalimprovementsincellphones. T F

2 Differentcellphoneshaveverydifferenttechnologicalcapabilities. T F

3 Whatacellphonelookslikehasbecomeasimportantaswhatitcando. T F

4 Consumersdonotliketobuytheexactsamemodelsasotherconsumers. T F

5 Peoplearemakingtheirowncellphones. T F

6 Engineersandfamousdesignersworktogethertocreatenewcellphones. T F

c Discussthesequestionsingroupsofthree.

1 Ingroupsofthree,discussotherproductswhose‘image’isasimportantas,ormoreimportantthan, theirfunction.

2 Compareyourlistwithanothergroup.

Technologically, cell phones have reached the point where few improvements can be made. The modern phone does many of the tasks your camera, your camcorder and your computer can do. So

how do the manufacturers compete?

The answer lies in the “look good” factor. Cell phones stopped being just a useful gadget, and have become an indispensable fashion accessory. The rise of the fashion phone is closely linked to the consumer’s desire to be “different” to other consumers. When buying a new phone the question “What does it look like?” is just as important as “What does it do?” at any given price range. The market is driven by the need for personalization. The catch-phrase “Make it your own” not only sells phones, but also personalized ringtones, wallpapers and decorative cases. Then put a famous designer name – Armani, Gucci, Chanel – on the phone and the cost can increase by hundreds of dollars.

Not surprisingly, innovative engineers are not very happy with this trend. As one said: “We do all the hard work, and then a celebrity comes along, puts a new, trendy case on the phone, adds his name and takes all the credit!”

Function or fashion

3 Speakingandreadinga Ingroups,talkaboutyourcellphones.Whatcantheydo?Whatdothey

looklike?Whatismoreimportanttoyou,whattheycandoorhowtheylook?

b Nowreadthearticle.Check(✔)thesentencesbelowT(true)orF(false).

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Trends Lesson2

Unit1

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Shop till you drop31 Wordbuilder:shopping items

a Decidewhichofthefourcategoriesiscorrectforeachiteminthebox.

1 men’stoiletries 3 jewelry 2 computers 4 sports

razorblades racket

monitor tennisballs

mousepad aftershave

bracelet watch

deodorant keyboard

golfclub tracksuit

earrings shavingcream

laptop ring

b Makealistofwhatyouboughtlasttimeyouwentshopping.Workingingroupsofthree,compareyourlists.Dotheitemsfitintothecategoriesinexercise1a?

2 Listeninga Listentointerviewswithfourshoppers.Whyis

eachpersonoutshopping?

Sam

__________________________________________

Jim

__________________________________________

Tony

__________________________________________

Derek

__________________________________________

Name articles

Sam

Jim

Tony

Derek

b Listenagainandwritedownthearticleseachpersonbought.

c Whodoyouthinkspentthemostandtheleastmoney?Why?

3Grammarbuilder:aspects of quantifiers

a Lookatthequantifiersintheboxandthetwodifferentcontexts.Inpairs,answerthequestions.

(not)any alotof all alittle afew(not)much (not)many nosome most

CountablenounsMost bottles are round.

UncountablenounsThere isn’tmuchwater in the lake.

1 Whichquantifiersfromtheboxareused withcountableanduncountablenouns?

2 Whichquantifiersareusedonlywith countablenouns,andwhichonlywith uncountablenouns?

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Lesson3 Trends

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ForwardBack

Address www.bargainonline.com/my order

INTERNET QUESTIONNAIRE

Favorites History Search Scrapbook Page Holder

StopHomeRefresh Tools LibraryMail

Dear Sir,

I am writing to complain about a recent order I placed with your company.

Almost two months ago, I ordered a flat screen monitor (E-732, 17 inches), a cordless keyboard, and two computer games. Unfortunately, there is a problem with the monitor and neither of the computer games has arrived yet.

The monitor gets extremely hot and turns itself off after 20 minutes of use. It also seems to have problems displaying some colors correctly. I would be grateful if you could tell me how to return the monitor and how soon I could have a replacement.

Could you also let me know when I can expect the computer games to arrive? The Web site gave a delivery time of 14 days, but I have now been waiting for over seven weeks.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Khalid Rasheed

b Imaginethatyouhaveboughtsomethingonline.Thereisaproblemwithyourorderandyouwanttowriteane-mailtothemanagertocomplain.Inpairs,makenotestoanswerthesequestions.

Whatdidyouorder?Whatistheproblemwithyourorder?Whatelsedoyouwanttomention?Whatdoyouwanttohappennow?

c Writeyoure-mail.Whenyouhavefinished,swapyoure-mailwithapartnerandreadeachother’s.Doyouthinkthemanagerwouldrespondpositivelyornegativelytothee-mails?

Language assistant

Withtheobjectofasentence,not … eitherisusedinsteadofneither,andnot … anyinsteadofnone.

My brother has two cars. He doesn’t like either of them.

I have three bicycles. I don’t use any of them.

b Inpairs,readandmatchthesentences.Thenanswerthequestions.

1 Ihavethreesisters. a) Allofmysneakersarewhite.2 Ihavetwobrothers. b)Bothofmybrotherslikefastcars.3 Ihavetwocars. c) Noneofmysisterslikescats.4 Ihavefourpairsofsneakers. d)Neitherofmycarsisfast.

1 Whichquantifiersareusedfortwopeople/things?2 Whichoneisfollowedbyasingularverbandwhichbyapluralverb?3 Whatistheoppositeofall?

c Usethewordsandphrasesintheboxtocompletethesentences.

none all afew both alittle neither

1 Edcouldn’tcarrythegroceriesbecause_________________ofhishandswerefull.

2 I’vedecidedthat_________________oftheshirtsinanyofthestoressuitme.

3 We’veboughttwonewmonitorsthisweekand_________________ofthemworks!

4 Idon’tneedanynewrazorsbecauseIstillhave_________________left.

5 Didyouget_________________thethingsfromthesupermarketthatwereonyourlist?

6 Ihave_________________money,soImightbuymyselfthatjacketIsawlastweek.

4 Reading,speaking,andwritinga Readthise-mail.Inpairs,answerthequestions.

1 WhyisKhalidwritingthee-mail?2 Whatproblemsdoeshemention?3 Whatinformationdoesheneed?

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Trends Lesson3

Unit1

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1 TheproblemInsmallgroupsdiscusswhatyouknowaboutthecausesandeffectsofclimatechange.

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Unit1

Lesson4 Trends

2 ThedestructionoftherainforestListentotheradiointerviewwithanexpertonclimatechange.Thenlistenagain,andcompletethechart.

3 CauseandeffectPutthisexplanationofthecausesandeffectsofthecontractionoftheArcticIceCapintothecorrectorder.

Scientists say that Arctic sea ice is declining at 9% per decade. It could disappear by the end of this century. Why is this happening, and what will be the effects?

Openwaterabsorbsmoresolarenergy.

Risingworldtemperaturesmeansthattheicehasstartedtomelt.

Asaresult,thereisarealdangeroffloodingofislandsandcoastalcitiesareas.

Thismeansthattheoceansaregettingwarmer.

Thismeltingmeansthatthereislessiceandmoreopenwater.

This,initsturn,createsfurtherandfasterlossofice.

%ofworldcoveredbyrainforestin1800

%coveredtoday

destructionofareaoftwofootballfieldsevery

estimatednumberofyearsleftforrainforests

rainforestsabsorb

moreofthisintheatmospherecreates

Language for life: climate change

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4 How’syourenvironmentalknowledge?Inpairs,discussandanswerthesequestions.Ifyoudon’tknow,thenguesstheansweryouthinkmostlikely.

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Trends Lesson4

Unit1

The environmenT

now check your answers.Your score:

0–3: oh dear! Be careful – time is running out for you to save the planet!

4–7: not bad. But remember – being aware of the problems goes at least some of the way to doing something to prevent them.

8–10: Well done! i hope you are putting your knowledge to good use to help save the planet!

U.n. scientists predict that by the end of the century temperatures could rise by as much as:

a 3.6°% ■b 5.8°% ■c 6.5°% ■

What has been the average global temperature change over the last 100 years?

a about + 0.5° ■b about + 1° ■c about + 2° ■

What percentage of animal and plant species is at risk of extinction if global temperatures continue to rise?

a 20–30% ■b 30–40% ■c 40–50% ■

A monitor left on all night for a year uses the equivalent of how many electric kettles boiling?

a 50 ■b 100 ■c 500 ■

What is the biggest contributor to world Co2

emissions?

a aviation ■b electricity ■c motor vehicles ■

how much will sea levels have risen by 2080 at the current rate of increase?

a 5 cm ■b 10 cm ■c 50 cm ■

how many people in Asia could face a major water shortage if current rates of carbon emissions continue?

a 10 million ■b 50 million ■c 1 billion ■

A dripping tap can waste enough water in a day to run a shower for:

a three minutes ■b five minutes ■c seven minutes ■

how long does it take for a plastic bag to decompose?

a 10 years ■b 50 years ■c 100 years ■

Which country produces the highest carbon emissions per person?

a the U.A.E. ■b the U.K. ■c the U.S.A. ■

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Answers: 1b, 2a, 3a, 4c, 5b, 6c, 7c, 8b, 9c, 10a

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2 Listeninga Listentotwopeopletalking

aboutfirstsandidentifythetopicstheyaretalkingabout.

b Listentothepeopletalkingagainandanswerthequestionsbelow.Checkyouranswersingroupsofthree.

Wesley 1 WhatwasJohnlike?2 Whatwashereallygood at?3 Whycouldn’tWesleytalkto him?

Tom1 WhatwasTom’sjob?2 Howmuchdidheearn?3 Whatdidn’thelikeabout thejob?

c Howdideachofthesepeoplefeelabouttheirfirsts?

1 Speakinga Workinpairsandtalkaboutwhat’shappeninginthephotographs.

Describehowyouthinkthepeoplefeel.

b Completeyoursectionsofthetable,andinterviewapartnertocompletetheirsections.Usetheexamplestohelpyoumakeupyourquestions.

When was your first day at school? Who took you? Were there other new children? How did you feel?

1

You You Partner Partner

Yourfirst… when/who/ feelings? when/who/ feelings? what/where? what/where?

dayatschool

friend

bigfamilyoccasion

Englishlesson

cellphoneorcomputer

Personal firsts

Unit 2 Big moments

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3 Speakingandreadinga Inpairs,lookatthephotographabove

andidentifythesport.Hasanyoneyouknoweverdoneanyextremesports?Which?Wouldyouliketodoanyofthesesports?Why?/Whynot?

b Readthetext.Identifythesportthatisbeingdescribedandthereasonthepersonwantedtodoit.

One evening, my friend Barry and I were chatting over a cup of coffee when we discovered we had both always wanted to

jump out of an airplane. Before we had a chance to think about it, we’d checked the Yellow Pages, found a “drop zone,” and chosen a date. On the day of the jump we had to sign a form that basically said “I accept that I might die horribly,” which made me think twice, but it was too late by then. After a one-day class, the plane took off with four “first-timers” plus the jumpmaster Mick and the pilot.

When the plane reached 1,100 meters, we were ready to go. Mick shouted “In the door!” and Barry sat in the open door with his legs hanging outside. Mick shouted “Go!” and Barry jumped out and disappeared. Then it was my turn. I was apprehensive but not terrified. On the word “Go!” I threw myself out and spread my arms and legs and kept my eyes open as I shouted, “One thousand, two thousand, three thousand, four thousand, check canopy!” Thankfully, the main parachute was open and I could relax and admire the view.

I landed perfectly near the drop zone but suddenly fell over and discovered I was dizzy. After waiting for the world to stabilize, I walked back to the airport.

The first thing I did was to buy two more jump tickets!

c Readthetextagain.Putthefollowinglistofeventsinthecorrectorder.

1 Whenhejumped,hisparachuteopened safely.

2 Helandedsafelybutdidn’tfeelcompletely well.

3 ThewriterandBarrytookaday’scoursein parachuting.

4 Barryjumpedoutoftheplanefirst.

5 Hedecidedtodoanotherparachutejump.

6 Hejumpedoutoftheplaneandlooked aroundhim.

7 ThewriterandBarryfounddetailsabout parachutingintheYellow Pages.

4 Pronunciation:intonation – showing interest

a Listentothesetwoexcerptsfromtheinterviewsinexercise2.Whatdoyounoticeabouttheintonationofthephrasesinitalics?

1 Wesley:HisnamewasJohnandhewas reallysmart.

Shaun: He was?

2 Tom: Iusedtorideaboutsixkilometers aday.

Shaun: You did?

b Workinpairs.Writeashortphraseineachspace,andpracticereadingitoutloud.

1 A:Ifound$100inthestreet.

B: ____________________?Luckyyou!

2 A:Myfirstdayatschoolwashorrible.

B: ____________________?Why?

c Changepairsandtalktoanotherpersonaboutyourfirstsinexercise1.

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Bigmoments Lesson1

Unit2

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2 Speakingandreadinga Whataretheimportant

thingstothinkaboutwhenyougoforaninterview?Workingroupsofthreeandmakealistofideas.

b Youaregoingtoreadsomeadviceonwhattodowhenyougoforaninterviewatacollegeoruniversity.Byyourself,check(3)whetheryouagree,slightlyagreeordisagreewiththeadvice.

c Ingroupsofthree,compareyouropinions.Discussthereasonsforyouropinions.

The interview21 Speakingandlisteninga Lookatthephotographsand

guesswhatthetwopeoplearetalkingabout.Howarethesepeoplefeeling?Whatdoyouthinkisthereasonforthephonecall?

b Listentotheconversationandcheckyourideas.

c Workinpairs.Readtheconversationandtrytoputitinthecorrectorder.Thefirstthreehavebeendoneforyou.Thenlistenagaintocheckyouranswers.

Rakan: Hello,RakanAlAjouspeaking.

Ross: GoodmorningMr.AlAjou.MynameisRossGregsonandI’mcallingfromAtlantaCollegeintheU.S.

Rakan: AhAtlantaCollege.Yes,Isentyoumyapplicationlastmonth.

Ross: OK,Mr.AlAjou.That’sconfirmedfor9.30,Thursday,April16.CouldyoukindlyemailuswithyourSkypeaddressandwewillcallyouatthattime?

Ross: WouldnextTuesdayat11beconvenient?

Ross: Yes,itis.Dr.HudsonwouldliketoholdaninterviewwithyouonSkype.Wouldthatbepossible?

Rakan: Isee.Isitaboutmyapplication?

Rakan: Ofcourse.Whenwouldheliketohavethecall?

Ross: Don’tworry.Wecertainlywouldn’texpectyoutomissaneventlikethat!

Rakan: Thanks,thanksverymuch.Icanmakeitanyotherday.

Ross: Whatabout,er…nextThursdayat9.30?

Ross: Yes.Wereceivedit.IworkintheFacultyofEnglishandDr.Hudson,theHeadofEnglish,askedmetophoneyou.

Rakan: Yes,thatwouldbefine.

Rakan: Yes,noproblem.Thankyouverymuch.Goodbye.

Rakan: Oh…I’mafraidthat’stheonedayIcan’tmake.Mybrother’sgraduatingthatday.I’mawfullysorry.

16 Unit2

Lesson2 Bigmoments

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Language assistant

Theoppositeofhave toisdon’t have toorcan’t.• Imperativescanbeusedfor obligation. Always speak English in class. Don’t drive so fast.• Don’t have tomeansyouare freefromobligation.A: Do I have to wear a suit at the meeting?B: No, youdon’t have to, but you can if you want to.

3 Grammarbuilder:expressing obligation and necessity

a Lookattheexamples.Thenanswerthequestions.

You don’t need to know everything about the subject. You have to show an interest in the subject. You don’t have to know all the answers to the questions. You have to speak clearly and confidently. You can’t be late for interviews.

1 Whichsentencestalkaboutsomethingbeingunnecessary?2 Whichsentencestalkaboutobligationsorprohibitions?

b Changethesesentencesiftheyarenottrueforyouoryourcountry.

1 Idon’tneedtotellmyparentsifI’mcominghomelate.2 Wedon’thavetogotoschoolinJuly.3 YouhavetocarryanIDcardatalltimes.4 Alladultshavetovoteinelections.5 Youcan’tdriveacaruntilyouare17yearsold.6 Ineedtostudyeveryeveningafterclass.7 18-year-oldshavetoasktheirparents’permissioniftheywantto goout.

4 Writingandspeaking

Ingroups,rewritetheadviceforintervieweesabove.Givetheadvicethatyouallagreeon.Compareyouradvicewiththatofothergroups.

The perfect college interview

agree notsure disagree

1 Dressextremelysmartly. 2 Makesureyoutelltheinterviewerwhatagreatstudentyouare,evenif

youhavetomakesomeofitup. 3 Makesureyouknoweverythingabouttheacademicsubjectfor

whichyouareapplying.

4 Showinganinterestintheacademicsubjectisimportant. 5 Bevery,verypolite.Calltheinterviewer"Sir"or"Madam." 6 Makesurethatyouarriveontimefortheinterview. 7 Lookattheinterviewerwhenhe/sheisspeakingtoyou,andwhenyouanswer. 8 Speakclearlyandconfidently. 9 Ifyoudon’tknowananswertoaquestion,saythatyoudon’tknow. 10 Attheendoftheinterviewasktheinterviewerifyoupassedtheinterview.

17

Bigmoments Lesson2

Unit2

9780230405400_text.indb 17 01/05/2012 14:36

To� Adam

COMPOSE EMAIEMAIEM LAILAI �

Subjecbjecbj t� MeccMeccMe a

Send Send Latend Latend La rterte SaveSaveSa toInbInbI ox Link Tools Librarbrarbr yaryar

Hi Khalid,

My father’s just told me the news – you’re coming over to Saudi

for Hajj. That’s great news!

I hope you haven’t made other arrangements, because we’d like

to invite you to stay with us.

Let us know your plane arrival time and we’ll come and meet you

at the airport. It’s been ages since we last saw you, and we’re all

looking forward to it.

See you next month.

With very best wishes,

Your cousin,

Majid

P.S. What do you think about my English? It’s better than when I

last saw you!

The big day3

c Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.

1 Whichoftheseoccasionshaveyouattended?

2 Whatarethebestoccasionsthatyouremember?

3 Whatotherimportantoccasionsarecelebratedinyourcountry?

2 Wordbuilder:weddings and graduations

a Whichofthefollowingwordsdoyouassociatewithweddingsandwhichwithgraduations?Writethemundertheappropriateheadings.

Weddings Graduations

ceremony exams bride college ring groomscholarship reception marrydegree engagement diplomagraduate bestman

b Canyouthinkofanyotherwordsfortheseoccasions?Writetwomoreundereachheading.

1 Speakingandreadinga Lookatthephotographs.Identifythe

occasionsandtalkaboutwhatishappening.

b Matchtheinvitationstotheoccasionsinthephotographs.

Saeed Isma’il

A C

BMr. Mohammad Ibrahim and Mr. Saleh Ahmad

have the pleasure of inviting

James O’Brien and family

to the wedding of Abdullah Saleh

At the Wilton Hotel

On Monday, March 24th at 3.00 p.m.

Reception to follow

1

2

3

18 Unit2

Lesson3 Bigmoments

would like to inviteisma’il mohammad and familyto his graduation ceremony

at University hall, montgomery Universityon Saturday, June 29th at 1.30 a.m.

RSVP

Please take your seats 15 minutes before the ceremony. Please bring this invitation with you.

9780230405400_text.indb 18 01/05/2012 14:36

3 Readingandlisteninga Lookattheadvertisement.Whatkindofa

companyisthisandwhatdotheyorganize?

b Listentotheconversationaboutweddingarrangements,andchecktheitemsontheadvertisementthatyouhearmentioned.

5 Writingand speakinga Imaginethatyouhave

justgraduatedandyouseethefollowingjobadvertisement.Ingroups,decidewhatkindofpersonmightenjoythisjob.

b Imaginethatyouaretheidealpersonforthejobandyouaregoingtowritealetterofapplication.Useyourimaginationtomakenotestoanswerthefollowingquestions.

1 Whyareyouwriting?Wheredidyouseethe advertisement?2 Whatrelevantexperienceandqualificationsdo youhave?3 Whatrelevantpersonalqualitiesdoyouhave?

c Writealetterapplyingforthepositionasaweddingmanagerusingtheletterofapplicationaboveasamodel.Whenyouhavefinished,readyourclassmates’lettersandvoteonwhoshouldgetthejob.

4 Grammarbuilder:prepositions and present participle time expressions

a Inpairs,askandanswerquestionsaboutwhatyouusuallydoatdifferenttimesofday,ondifferentdays,indifferentseasonsoftheyear,ondifferentpublicholidays,etc.

What do you usually do on weekends?

b Completethesentencesusingthewordsinthebox.

since after before while

1 __________leavingschool,mybrotherhashadthreejobs.

2 Imetmybestfriend__________ registeringforakarateclass.

3 ___________takingthisclass,Ithought Englishwasimpossibleforme.

4 Mustafaappliedforoveradozenjobs__________graduatingfromcollege.

c Rewriteeachsentenceusingthewordinparentheses.

5 Mycousinwasatcollegeandthenhebecame apilot!(becoming)

6 Adampassedhisexamsandsincethenhe'sbeentravelingaroundEurope.(passing)

7 I'llleaveschoolandthenI'llstartworkingformyfather.(leaving)

Wedding Manager RequiRedWanted: young, ambitious person to work in busy wedding company. Are you good at organizing people? Are you good at working within tight deadlines? Write to us, detailing your experience and qualifications, and you could be on your way to a new career!

Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing in response to your advertisement for

a wedding manager, which appeared recently in a local

newspaper. I would like to apply for the position.

I recently graduated with a major in business

studies. In these courses, I studied management

skills and organized a small research group. I found

this very rewarding and would welcome the

opportunity to gain more experience in management.

During my time at college, I also worked as a

writer for the college magazine. This involved meeting

deadlines every month, as well as arranging interviews

and other events. I believe I have the necessary

ability to work well under pressure.

I have enclosed my résumé. If you would like me

to attend an interview or provide references, please

do not hesitate to let me know. I look forward to

hearing from you.Sincerely yours,

Richard Shaw

Weddings UnlimitedWe help create beautiful

wedding memories! Let us make your special day more special.

50 years of experience count!

❊ Cakes ❊ Catering and menus❊Ceremony ❊Flowers ❊ Gifts

❊ Invitations ❊ Limousines ❊ Photographers ❊ Planning and co-ordination ❊ Transportation ❊ Videographers ❊ Wedding reception venues

Contact us toll free 1–800–387–4936 or e-mail us at [email protected]

19

Bigmoments Lesson3

Unit2

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9780230405400_text.indb 19 01/05/2012 14:36

To� Adam

COMPOSE EMAIL�

Subject� Mecca

Send Send Later Save to Inbox Link Tools Library

To� Adam

COMPOSE EMAIL�

Subject� MeccaSend Send Later Save to Inbox

Link Tools Library

1 TheconferenceLookatthedetailsbelowandanswerthequestions.

1 Whichofthecriteriadoyousatisfy?

2 Wouldyoubeinterestedinattendingthisconference?Why?/Whynot?

3 Whatfurtherinformationabouttheconferencewouldyouwantbeforegoingtoaninterview?

4 Whatwouldyoutaketotheinterview?

2 TheapplicationReadastudent’sapplicationtoattendtheconference.

Hedoesn’twanttomakeanyEnglishmistakesinhise-mail.Checkit,findandcorrecthisthreemistakes.

20

4

Unit2

Lesson4 Bigmoments

Language for life: All about interviews

3rd international

Students’ Conference on

The World environment

Montreal, Canada

The organisers are looking for

representatives from your country.

Suitable applicants should:

• be at least 15 years old

• have an awareness of, and interest in,

environmental issues

• have a good standard of English

• have a reference from the applicant’s

school or college

• be prepared to participate in the

debates, and provide input concerning

the applicant’s country

Candidates should apply, with relevant details,

to Mr T Clark at:[email protected] not later than

March 31st.Finalists will be interviewed in their own

country.All travel, accommodation etc. expenses will

be paid for successful applicants.

Dear Mr Clark,

I would be very interesting in attending the 3rd International Students’ Conference on The World Environment.

I have a keen interest in environmental issues, and last year won a national prize for a project on global warming.

My standard of English is good. My English teacher and my headmaster have all agreed to send you references.

I am 17 years old and come Jidda in Saudi Arabia.

I look forward to hear from you.

Yours sincerely,

Mustafa Ahmed

Dear Mr Ahmed

Thank you for your application to attend the conference on The

World Environment. I am pleased to inform you that you have

been selected for interview. This will take place at 2.30 on….

9780230405400_text.indb 20 01/05/2012 14:36

4 Theinterview ListentoMustafa’sinterview.Check(3)thesentencesbelowT

(true)orF(false).

1 Mustafa’sEnglishteacherthinksthat hisEnglishisverygood. T F

2 HethinksthatlearningEnglishismore importantthantheworldenvironment. T F

3 Hethinksthatyoungpeoplecanhelp tosavetheenvironment. T F

4 Hethinksthathecantellotherpeopleat theconferencemorethantheycantellhim. T F

3 Makingagoodimpression OK,yougottheinterviewandthe

bigdayhascome.Howareyougoingtomakeagoodimpression?Shareyourideasingroupsandmakenotesonatleastsixideas.Thenlookatourideasandseeifyouarereadyforthisinterview.

Theysaythatmostinterviewersmakethatallimportantdecisiononwhotheyaregoingtochooseinthefirstfourminutesofaninterview.Somakingagoodimpressioniscrucial.Followthesebasicstepstoimproveyourchancesofasuccessfulresultontheday.

1 Beontime.Beingontime(orearly)isusuallyinterpretedasevidenceofyourcommitment,dependability,andprofessionalism.

2 Relax.Thinkoftheinterviewasaconversation,notaninterrogation.

3 Beprepared.Taketimebeforetheinterviewtothinkaboutlikelyquestionsandanswers.

4 Thinkofkeyquestionstoask.Mostinterviewsfollowapattern.First,youanswertheinterviewer’squestionsandthenitisyourturntoaskquestions.

5 Rehearsetheinterviewwithafriend.Fifteenminutespracticewillmakeyoufeelmuchmorerelaxed.

6 Showself-confidence.Answertheinterviewer’squestionsinaclearvoice.

7 Remembertolisten.Communicationisatwo-waystreet.Youshouldn’ttalktoomuchbecauseyoumaymissimportantpointsmadebytheinterviewer.

Workinpairs.StudentAtakethepartoftheinterviewer;StudentB,theapplicant.Roleplayasimilarinterview.Can you tell me a few things about yourself?

Why did you apply to go to the conference?

How do you think you could benefit the conference?

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21

Bigmoments Lesson4

Unit2

9780230405400_text.indb 21 01/05/2012 14:36

11 Speakinga Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestion.

Whichjobsdoyouthinkofasbeingdonebymenorwomen?Check(✔)thejobsM(masculine)orF(feminine).

companydirector M F

nurse M F

librarian M F

secretary(personalassistant) M F

veterinarian M F

pilot M F

basketballplayer M F

elementaryschoolteacher M F

b Discussthefollowingquestionsinyourgroups.

1 Whichjobsaremorehighlypaid?2 Isthepercentageofmenandwomenin traditional“male”or“female”jobschanging? Canyougivesomeexamples?

2 Listening,writing,andspeakinga Listentotwopeopletalkingabouttheirworking

weeks.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?WhyisZaki’sEnglishsogood?

b Listenagain.Check(✔)thecorrectboxes.

c Inpairs,writeJames’sweeklytimetable.

Evaluating tradition

UK’s top 10 university subjects …

1 Law 6 Computer Science2 Design 7 English Studies3 Psychology 8 Medicine4 Management Studies 9 Social Work5 Business Studies 10 Sports Science

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Unit 3 Crossing cultures

22 Unit3

Thesame Different

Timeofstartingwork

Timeoffinishingwork

Lunchtime

Numberofdaysworkingperweek

Daysatworkintheweek

3 Readingandspeakinga Inpairs,doaclasssurvey.FindoutwhichONE

subjectstudentswouldchoosetostudyiftheywenttouniversity.

b Makealistofthemostpopularsubjects.

c ReadthelistofthetenmostpopularsubjectsatBritishuniversities.Howdoesthislistcomparewithyours?

d DidanyofthesubjectsintheBritishlistsurpriseyou?Why?

9780230405400_text.indb 22 01/05/2012 14:36

4 Writingandspeakinga ReadthenotesaboutafamousIslamicscholar.

b Youaregoingtowriteanessayaboutthisperson.Baseyourarticleonthenotes.UsethearticleaboutFlorenceNightingaleasamodel.Giveyouressayatitle.

c Whenyouhavefinished,readsomeoftheessayswrittenbyyourclassmates.Finally,readyourownessayagainandtrytofindwaysinwhichitcouldbeimproved.

e Readaboutafamous19thcenturynurse.Discussthequestionsingroups.

1 Whydidn’tFlorence’sparentswanthertobecomeanurse?2 Haveattitudestonursingchangedsincethemid-19thcentury?

Florence Nightingale was named after Florence (Firenze), the Italian city where she was born to rich parents on May 12th 1820. A girl in her position in society was expected to marry a man of similar class and have a family, not to pursue a career. Florence, however, had other ideas. In 1845 she decided, to become a nurse. In those days, nursing was considered an occupation for working-class women and was not highly regarded.

Florence Nightingale started her career looking after poor people in London, but in 1854 she and a team of nurses were sent to Turkey to nurse British soldiers who had been wounded in the Crimean War against Russia. She found conditions in the hospital appallingly unsanitary, and estimated that ten times the number of soldiers died from disease than from their wounds.

She soon demanded, and achieved, improvements to hospital conditions, and managed to cut the death rate dramatically. She worked tirelessly and became known as “The Lady with the Lamp” because of her habit of walking round the hospital late in the evening, looking after her patients.

On her return to England, she fought for improved sanitary conditions in hospitals. She was probably the most famous woman in the country apart from Queen Victoria. She died on August 13th 1910, having achieved the reputation of being the founder of modern nursing.

The Lady wiTh The Lamp

23

Crossingcultures Lesson1

Unit3

Bint Al-Shati’aName: Aisha Abdul-Rahman Islamic scholar, intellectual, journalist, professorBorn: November 1913, Damietta (Dumyat), EgyptStarted studying aged 5. Attended Teacher Training School1929 moved to Cairo. Studied for Bachelor’s, Master’s Degree and Doctorate at Cairo UniversityWorked as University teacher in Cairo, and in Sudan, Morocco, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. Also wrote books and newspaper articlesDied: December 1st, 1998 (heart attack)Respected as Islamic scholar

9780230405400_text.indb 23 01/05/2012 14:36

It all happened because of a plane journey. Khalil had just graduated from business school in Atlanta and he had a problem – he didn’t know whether to go home to Saudi Arabia or stay and try and find a job in the States. He decided to visit his cousin in Houston and talk it over.

Soon after the plane took off, Khalil heard a voice say, “You look deep in thought, young man. Cheer up! It may never happen!” It was the man sitting next to him. “Anything you want to talk about?“ he asked.

“Well, yes,” said Khalil. He explained his dilemma to the friendly stranger.

“Yes, I see your problem. Tell me a bit more about yourself.” So Khalil told him about his studies in Atlanta, how much he had enjoyed them,

how he was keen to get a job and put his new ideas into practice.

“So where are you from?” asked his fellow passenger. When Khalil said, “Riyadh,” the man’s face lit up with a big smile. “I know it well,” he said. “My company has a branch in Riyadh and I go there every few months.” He explained that his company had an apartment there and, amazingly, it was in the same block as Khalil’s uncle’s apartment. Khalil mentioned his uncle’s name.

“Is he tall, with grey hair?” asked the man. “Then I know him! He was very helpful to me when I first moved to Riyadh.”

So they continued chatting all the way to Houston. As they left the plane, the man turned to Khalil and said, “Very impressive, young man. Whatever you decide, you’ve got a great future ahead of you.”

The next morning at breakfast, Khalil’s cousin spotted something in his newspaper. “Hey, look, Khalil. This could be just the job for you!” Khalil looked at the advertisement for an assistant personnel manager’s job and agreed. He sent a letter of application and his résumé and, a week later, was invited for interview.

In the interview room sat three men. The familiar man in the middle looked at Khalil and said, “Jim, Robert, I don’t think we need to interview this young man. I think I might have interviewed him already without knowing it!” And, turning to Khalil, he smiled and said, “May I introduce myself formally. I’m Andrew Smithson. I’m President of this company.”

The plane journey21 Readingandspeakinga Readthefollowingstoryandunderlineallthe

coincidencesyoufind.

b Inpairs,givethestoryatitlewhichwillmakepeoplewanttoreadit.

c Ingroups,talkaboutmeetingsorothereventsthathavechangedyourlives.

2 Listening,reading,andwritinga ListentotheconversationbetweenKhaliland

hiscousinAhmed.WhydoesAhmedsay“oversleepingcanbeagoodthingsometimes?

b Readthee-mailthatAhmedwrotetoafriend.Re-writeit,correctingthefactualerrors.Howmanyerrorsdidyoufind?

To� Celia

COMPOSE EMAIL�

Subject� Khalil’s new job


Dear Alan

Hi! How are you? I haven’t heard from you for ages.

Well, I’ve got a bit of good news. You remember my

cousin Khalil – you met him here last fall? Well, the most

amazing thing happened. He was coming to see me, but

he overslept and nearly missed his plane. Luckily he just

made it, and while he was waiting to board the plane he

met this guy and started talking to him. The man was

interested to hear all about him and was very

encouraging. Khalil didn’t see him again because he went

into the first-class section. Anyway, Khalil applied for a

job and, guess what? This man was on the interviewing

panel and persuaded the company president to give him

the job immediately! Well, it’s a sure thing that if he’d

missed the plane he wouldn’t have got the job so easily.

Anyway, I must get off to work now.

Hope to hear from you soon!

Ahmed

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24 Unit3

Lesson2 Crossingcultures

9780230405400_text.indb 24 01/05/2012 14:37

3 Grammarbuilder:third conditional

a Lookatthetwostatementsandanswerthequestions.

1 IfJeffhadgottenupearly,hewouldn’thavemissedtheplane. a) DidJeffgetupearly? b)Didhemisstheplane?

2 IfMarkhadn’ttakenataxi,hewouldhavebeenlateforthemeeting. a) DidMarktakeataxi? b)Washelateforthemeeting?

b Weusethethirdconditionaltoimagineunrealsituationsinthepast.Lookatthisexample.Howdoesthegrammaticalformchangefromarealtoanunrealsituation?

Jeff didn’t get up early. He missed the plane. If he had gotten up early, he wouldn’t have missed it.

c Completethesesentencesbyputtingtheverbsinparenthesesintothecorrectform.

1 Igotthejob.IfI(1)_____________________(get)it, I(2)_____________________(apply)foranother.

2 Bill’scarbrokedown.Ifit(3)_____________________(break down),he(4)_____________________ (get)toworkontime.

3 Mydoctorgavemesomepills.Ifhe(5)_____________________(give)methem,I(6)________________(get)better.

4 Ididn’tgetmanyvotes.IfI(7)_____________________(get)morevotes,I(8)_____________________ (win)theelection.

5 Thereweren’tmanypeopleintherestaurant.Ifthere(9)_____________________(be)morepeopleinthe restaurant,I(10)_____________________(stay).

d Nowchangetheserealsituationsintounrealones.

1 BrandongrewupinHawaii,sohelearnedtosurfverywell. If he hadn’t grown up in Hawaii, he wouldn’t have learned to surf.

2 Markdidn’ttellmeaboutthemeeting,soIdidn’tgo.3 Iwasn’tgoodinscience,soIdidn’tstudymedicine.4 Wearrivedlateattheconference,sowedidn’theartheopeningtalk.5 Ididn’tstudy,soIfailedthemathtest.6 Tinawashungryallmorningbecauseshemissedbreakfast.

4 Pronunciation:sentence stress – conditionals

a Listentothefollowingsentencesandunderlinethestressedwordsineachclause.Whichpartsoftheconditionalstructurearestressedinanaffirmativeclause?Whichinanegativeclause?

I would have gone to the beach if I hadn’t had to work.

1 Wewouldn’thavecomeifyouhadn’tcalledus.2 IfIhadstayedinFlorida,Iwouldhaveseenthe hurricane.3 Ifyouhadn’tboughtthatcar,you’dhavesome money.4 Hewouldhavecometotherestaurantifhe hadn’thadtoworklate.

b Listenagainandpracticesayingthesentenceswiththecorrectintonation.

5 Speaking Ingroups,talkabouteventswhichhave

influencedyourlives.Howwouldyourlivesbedifferentiftheeventshadbeendifferent?

If I hadn’t passed my exams last year, I wouldn’t have moved up into this class. But I worked hard and… here I am!

If my father hadn’t changed his job, we wouldn’t have moved here. But I’m glad he did – I’m very happy here.

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25


Unit3

9780230405400_text.indb 25 01/05/2012 14:37

1 Speakingandreadinga Everyyearabout25,000British

MuslimsgoontheHajjpilgrimage.Inpairs,discussandmakenotesofanyadvicethatyouwouldgivetoaBritishpilgrimwhohasneverbeenontheHajjpilgrimagebefore.

b TheBritishgovernmentgivesadvicetopilgrims.Doesyouradviceagreewiththeirs?Readthechecklistandcompare.

c Readthee-mailfromaBritishpilgrimtoacolleagueatwork.

d Lookatthechecklistagain.Check(3)thepiecesofadvicethatKhaliddidnotfollow.

Listening to advice3

26 Unit3


To� Adam

COMPOSE EMAIL�

Subject� Mecca


Dear AdamWell, I’m back from Makkah. It was an amazing experience and very

moving. I’m so glad I went. They say that two million people go on

the Hajj pilgrimage every year – I can quite believe it! I’ve never,

never been in such a large crowd. I’ll tell you more when I see you

back at work.Just to let you know that it wasn’t all easy, though. For a start, the

heat was incredible – I’ve never felt anything like it. And I didn’t

have anything to keep the sun off my head when I arrived in Saudi

Arabia. I became quite light-headed at one point – I guess it was

mild sunstroke. And then, in the crush, someone stood on my foot

and broke the strap on one of my sandals. This meant that walking,

or rather hobbling, was extremely difficult and I got agonising

blisters! My elder brother (he went two years ago) had tried to give

me some advice before I went, but I didn’t listen. And my father

gave me a government advice sheet for pilgrims before I went – but

of course, I didn’t read it carefully. I thought I knew better. I wish I’d

listened to my family and hadn’t been such an idiot.

Of course, it was all for the sake of Allah and I am so happy I have

been on the Hajj pilgrimage.

See you next week.

Best wishes,Khalid

The hajj pilgrimage checklisT fOr BriTish pilgrims

A successful pilgrimage requires careful preparation. We have compiled practical tips and advice for pilgrims to accompany the travel checklist.Before you go:

talk to those who have already performed the Hajj pilgrimage ensure your passport and visa for Saudi Arabia are in good condition and valid

book travel and accommodation with an agent that is accredited with the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in the U.K. to comply with Saudi Government regulations

note the contact details for your tour operator in the U.K. and their representatives in Makkah

clearly label your medication and take an adequate amount get written details of your trip including cost, room size and distance to the Holy Mosque

take out adequate travel insurance – Shariah compliant travel insurance is available

get the required vaccinations for your pilgrimage, and take your vaccination cards with you

buy good-quality footwear – you may have to walk long distances.

healthy travelTravelers need to protect themselves from the sun, dehydration, exhaustion, foot problems, and respiratory and bronchial illnesses.You should take:

an umbrella to protect you from the sun a spare pair of sandals an adequate supply of medication with a doctor’s certificate describing the medication.

9780230405400_text.indb 26 01/05/2012 14:37

3 Speaking Ingroups,talkaboutthingsyouwishyouhador

hadn’tdoneinthepast.Ideas:opportunitiesforworkorstudy,friendships,money,etc.

I wish I had studied business instead of biology. There are more job opportunities in business.

2 Grammarbuilder:expressing wishes

a Lookattheseexamplesofwishes.Thenanswerthequestions.

I wish I hadn’t stayed up and watched TV. I wish I had gone to bed at my usual time.1 DidhestayupandwatchTV?2 Didhegotobedathisusualtime?3 Whatverbtenseisusedafterwishtotalkaboutpastunrealsituations?4 Whyistheverbinthefirstsentencenegative(hadn’t told),butpositiveinthesecondsentence(had kept)?5 Findmoreexamplesofwishesinthetextsinexercise1c.WhatdidKhalidwishthathehaddone?

b Completethetablewithyourownideas.Thendiscussthemwithyourclassmates.

c Writewishesthesepeoplemightmakeinthesesituations.

1 Astudent.Hewasn’tpreparedwhentheteachergavetheclassanexam.

I wish he hadn’t given us an exam because I wasn’t prepared.

2 Aman.Heisunemployedandregretsleavinghislastjob.

________________________________________________________________________________________

3 Awoman.Sheboughtanewpairofshoes,worethemonce,anddecidedshedidn’tlikethem.

________________________________________________________________________________________

4 Astudent.Hedidn’tstudymuchatcollegeandnowhe’sfailedhisexams.

________________________________________________________________________________________

I wish

I wish

I wish

Wishaboutanunrealsituation Whosaidit Realsituation

IwishIhadbroughtmyumbrella. I think someone getting The person didn’t bring his / wet in the rain said it. her umbrella.

Iwishourteamhadpracticedmore.

IwishIhaddonemyrevision.

IwishIhadn’teatensomuchatlunchtime.

27


Unit3

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Sofar,youfocusedonfacts.Nowlistenagainandpayattentiontotonesofvoiceandintonation.Thenanswerthequestions.

Conversation1Howdoesthefirstmanfeel?a) He’salittleinsulted.b) He’shappythattheothermanwillpay.

Conversation2Whatdoesthesecondmanmean?a) Hedoesn’tknowwhatabaseballgameis.b)Heisn’tsurehewantstoseeabaseballgame.

Conversation3Whatcanweinfer?a) Themandoesn’treallylikethedish.b)Helikesitalot.

Conversation4Whatdoesthesecondmanmean?a) He’salittleoffendedbytheadvice.b)He’sgratefulfortheadvice.

Sayhowyoudecidedontheanswerstothequestions.DidthespeakersuseintonationinEnglishinthesamewayyouwoulduseitinyourlanguage?Whatarethemainsimilaritiesanddifferences?DoyouthinkyouuseyourvoicedifferentlywhenyouarespeakingEnglish?

1 FromculturetocultureWhenyoudealwithpeoplefromothercultures,itishelpfulifyouhavelearnedsomethingaboutthecustomsandattitudesofthosecultures.Food,bodylanguageandcodesofbehaviorwithinsocietyarejustafewoftheaspectsofculturethatcanvarygreatlyfromonesocietytoanother,andevenwithinsocieties.Considerthequestionsbelow.

1 “WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Whatdoyouunderstandbythiswell-knownsaying?

2 Doyouagree?Shouldweadapttootherpeople’sculturesand,ifso,towhatextent?

Nowlistentosomeshortconversationsandchoosethecorrectanswerstothequestions.Payattentiontotheactualwordsoftheconversations.

Conversation11 Whatdoesthefirstmanwanttodo?2 Whoistheguest?

Conversation21 Wheredoesthemanplantotakehisfriend?2 Howdoeshedescribetheevent?

Conversation31 Whatdoesthefirstmangivehisguest?2 Whatdoesthesecondmansayaboutit?

Conversation41 Whyisthefirstmanworried?2 Willthesecondmanbecareful?

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Learningtip

Listeningcomprehensionisnotonlyunderstandingthewordspeoplesay.Itisalsosometimesunderstandingwhattheydon’tsay!Peopleusedeviceslikestress,intonation,andpauses,aswellaswords,tocommunicatetheirattitudesandopinions.

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4

Unit3


Language for life: social customs

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3 PlanningforvisitorsImaginethatyouareplanningweekendactivitiesforaforeignstudentvisitingyourcity.Writeane-mailmessagesuggestingaplan.Askhimorhertotellyouwhichofthesuggestedactivitiesheorshewouldprefer.

Exchangee-mailswithapartner.Nowimagineyouarethevisitor.Readyourpartner’se-mailandwriteananswer.Saywhichactivitiesyouwouldpreferandgivereasons.Bepolite!

Imaginethattwostudents(aboyfromBritainandaboyfromtheUnitedStates)arecomingtoyourcountry,andtheyhavebeenthereseveraltimesbefore.

1 Youhavemadeascheduleforthestudents'stayinyourcountry.

a) Youcallthemonthephonetotellthem personallyabouttheactivitiesyou’veplanned.b)Yousendthemane-mailwiththecomplete schedule,includingsocialactivities.

c) Youwaitandgivethemtheschedulepersonally whentheyarrive.

2 Thevisitorsarriveat8:00p.m.a) Youmeetthemattheairport.b) Yourschoolsendsadrivertomeetthem.c) Yousendtheminstructionsfortakingairport transportationtotheirhotel.

3 Theywillbeinyourcityfortheweekend,andyou wanttoprovidethemwithsomeentertainment.a) Youdecidetotakethemtoafalconrydisplay.b)Youtakethembothtocraftsfair.c) Yougivethemsomesuggestionsforthingsto doandhowtogetthere.Youwillseethemon Monday.

4 Oneeveningoneoftheboysfeelssick.You hadplannedtotakeyourgueststodinner.a) Youcancelthedinnerbecausetheboycan’tgo.b)Youtaketheothervisitortodinnerbutinvite yourfriendsaswell.c) Yougotodinnerwiththeotherstudent.

5 Anotherstudentfromyourschoolhaslunchwiththevisitorsatarestaurant.

a) Hepaysthebill.b)Thevistorspaythebill.c) Everyonepayshisshare.

2 ThecultureofinternationalstudentsIngroups,imagineyouareonaninternationalflight.Readanddiscussthein-flightmagazinequizbelow.Whichactionswouldyouconsidermostappropriateandwhichleastappropriate?Thereareno“right”answers,butgivereasonsforyourchoices.

TheStudentsCultureQuiz

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Unit3

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1 To the Moon and back

1 Readingandwritinga Youaregoingtoreadastoryaboutareal

person.Lookatthephotographs.Whatdoyouthinkthestoryisabout?

b Nowreadthemagazinestory.Didyouguessthetopicofthestory?

While circling the Moon in the Apollo 15 space craft in 1971, the American astronaut Al Worden was heard to say, “After The King’s training, I feel that I’ve been here before.” Back on Earth, in the NASA control center, Florida, the assembled scientists cheered for “The King”, Egyptian-born geologist Farouq Al Baz, secretary of lunar landing site selection and chairman of astronaut training in visual

observations and photography.“Why did they call me ‘The King’?” joked Dr. Al Baz in a recent interview. “I guess it must have been because I was an Egyptian guy, and the only Egyptian called Farouq that the Americans had heard of in those days was King Farouq!”And what was it like working on the Apollo Moon landings project? “It was incredible,” says Al Baz. “We were all inspired because we knew we were satisfying a dream of mankind. Since early times mankind has looked at the Moon and wondered … and we were taking a major step to satisfy that wonder.”

“We knew we were satisfying a dream of mankind.”

And what exactly was Dr. Al Baz’s job? He explains: “I was in charge of choosing sites on the Moon that were not only safe places to land, but also of probable geological interest. I knew that we wouldn’t get many landings, so I had to get it right. Then I had to train the astronauts about the Moon, how to photograph it and how to collect scientific samples.”

Unit 4 Life’s a journey

30 Unit4

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American Neil Armstrong has become the first man to walk on the Moon. The astronaut stepped onto the Moon's surface nearly 20 minutes after first opening the hatch on the Eagle landing craft. As he put his left foot down first, Armstrong declared: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Armstrong spent his first few minutes on the Moon taking photographs and soil samples in case the mission had to be aborted suddenly. He described the surface as being like powdered charcoal, and the landing craft left a crater about 60 cm deep.

c Choosethebestheadline.

d LookbackatthefirstparagraphofthearticleaboutFarouqAlBaz.Completethetable.

Who:Nickname: Occupation: Secretary of lunar landing site selection

Where:When:Nationality:

2 Speaking,writing,andreadinga Imaginethatyouareamagazinewriter.You

havebeenchosentobethefirstjournalisttomakeaMoonlanding.BackonEarth,youhavetowriteanarticleaboutyourexperience.Writethefirstparagraphofyourarticleandgiveitaheadline.Useyourimagination!

Start:

Last week I became the first journalist to … .

Describe:howyoufeltwhattheMoonwaslikewhatyoudid

Learningtip

WhenyoureadanEnglishlanguagenewspaper,theheadlinewillalwaysgiveyouthemainideaofthestory.Thefirstparagraphandanyphotographswillalmostalwaysgiveyoutheessentialinformationofwho,what,when,andwhere.Therefore,youcangetasummaryoftheimportantnewsquicklybyreadingheadlinesandfirstparagraphs.

The Man They Called “The King”

a famous egyptian Scientist

The Apollo 15 space mission

b Ingroups,readyourparagraphs.Whosestorywasthemostprobable?

c ReadtheparagraphaboutarealMoonlanding.Werethereanysimilaritieswithyourstory?

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Life’sajourney Lesson1

Unit4

MantakesfirststepsontheMoon

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Shouldhave Shouldn’thave

checkedtheweather

goneinMarch

goneinMay

continuedafterthesnowstarted

takenGarywiththem

1 Speakingandlisteninga Discussthefollowingquestions.

1 Whatcouldhappenonamountainclimbingexpedition?2 Whydoyouthinkmountainclimberstakerisks?3 Doyouknowofanydisasterstoriesaboutmountainclimbers?

b Listentothefirstpartofaninterviewaboutamountainclimbingattempt.Wastheattemptsuccessful?

c Listenagainandwritedownthethreemistakesmentioned.

d Listentothesecondpartoftheinterview.WhatdoesChrissayhisgroupshouldhavedone?Whatshouldn’ttheyhavedone?Check(✔)theappropriateboxesinthetable.Whatcouldhavehappened?

A near tragedy2

b Completethesentencesusingamodalandtheverbinparenthesesinthecorrectform.

1 MyfriendAnwarhadareallybadcarcrash.It _____________(kill)him,butfortunatelyhe wasn’tbadlyhurt.

2 It’sagoodthingTimdidn’thearwhatyousaid. He_____________(be)reallyangry!

3 Ohno!We’reoutofgas.I_____________(fill up) beforeweleft.

c Usethecuestowritearesponsetothesesentences.

1 A:Icalledyouyesterdayatfour,butyoudidn’t answer.(couldn’t have) B:You couldn’t have called at that time because the phone didn’t ring.

2 A:Igotfiredfrommyjob.(shouldn’t have) B:____________________________________

3 A:I’msorryI’mlate.Igotlostonthewayhere.(would have) B:____________________________________

4 A:Iwasatthebeachwhenthehurricanearrived. (could have) B:____________________________________

5 A:MyfamilywasworriedbecauseIgothome reallylatelastnight.(would have) B:____________________________________

Language assistant:past modals

subject +modal +presentperfectGary could have died.

2 Grammarbuilder:past modals – would have, should have, could have

a Lookatsentences1–3fromtheinterviewinexercise1.Matchthemwiththeirmeanings,a–c.

1 Weshouldhavegonedownthemountain immediately._____2 Hecouldhavedied._____3 Itwouldhavebeenourfaultfortakinghim withus!_____a) anunrealconditioninthepast(itwasn’tthe casebecausetheactiondidn’thappen)b) arecommendationaboutapastaction(itwas therightthingtodo,buttheydidn’tdoit)c) apossibilityinthepast(itwaspossible,butit didn’thappen)

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32 Unit4

Lesson2 Life’sajourney

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4 Writingandspeakinga Thinkofadifficultordangeroussituationinyourpast,orinventone.

Makenotestoanswerthesequestions.

1 Whereandwhendidyourstoryhappen?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2 Whathappenedinthebeginning?Howdidyou/otherpeoplefeel?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3 Whathappenednext?Howdidyou/otherpeoplefeel?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4 Thenwhathappened?Howdidyou/otherpeoplefeel?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

5 Whathappenedfinally?Howdidyou/otherpeoplefeel?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

b Nowwriteyourstory.

c Ingroups,readyourstories.Saywhatyouwouldhavedone,orhowyouwouldhavefelt,inasimilarsituation.

3 Pronunciation:weak forms – modals

a ListentotwopeopletalkingaboutDerek’sexperience.Circlethepastmodalsyouhear.

A: DidyouhearwhathappenedtoDerek?

B: Yeah,I would have / wouldn’t have beenterrified.

A: Metoo.I would have / wouldn’t havetriedclimbingthattree.Derekcould have / couldn’t have beenkilled.

B: Iagree.He should have / shouldn’t havedoneit.Heshould have / shouldn’t havebeenmoresensibleathisage!

b Listenagainandpracticethesentences.Noticethereducedforms.

/wUd´v//wUdn´v//SUd//SUdn´v//kUd´v//kUdn´v/

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Unit4

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The War of the Worlds31 Listeningandreadinga Listentoexcerptsfromaradiobroadcastfrom

1938.Thencheck(✔)thecorrectanswerstothequestions.

1 Whattypeofradioprogramdoesitsoundlike? a)news b)drama c)educational

2 Whatwasthetopicofthebroadcast? a)afireinNewJersey b)explosionsinspace c)thearrivalofaliensonEarth

3 Howdoestheannouncersound? a)amused b)terrified c)angry

b Nowreadthearticleabouttheeffectsoftheradiobroadcastandthenanswerthesequestions.

1 WhatkindofprogramwasThe War of the Worlds?2 Whatdidmanypeoplethinkwhentheyheard thebroadcast?3 Whatwasthegeneralresult?4 Whatwerethreereasonswhypeoplethought thebroadcastwasreal?

c WhatwouldyouhavethoughtifyouhadheardThe War of the Worlds?

The Orson Welles Effect On the night of October 30, 1938, CBS’s New York radio station WABC broadcast Orson Welles’ dramatic version of The War of the Worlds, a novel by H.G. Wells. The work was introduced as a play, and three times during the broadcast, the station announced that it was fictional. Nevertheless, it sounded like a news broadcast, and a lot of people thought that the Earth was being invaded by Martians! Mass panic resulted. Thousands of people began calling newspapers and radio stations for information about the “end of the world.” Because part of the radio program had recommended evacuation, many families left their homes, trying to escape the New York–New Jersey area. Many people reacted to the panic in ways which today seem very amusing. In Newark, New Jersey, some families

ran into the street with wet towels over their faces because they thought there was a Martian gas attack.

The New York Times received 875 calls from frantic citizens. One man called to ask, “What time will the end of the world be?” When a bus station

employee tried to question a caller about the situation, the caller said she didn’t have time to talk

because “the world is coming to an end and I have a lot to do.”

What could have caused so many people to believe that Martians were attacking the Earth? Psychologists say that it might have been partly because of the world political climate. Europe was heading toward World War II and there was a general feeling of insecurity. Another factor was the broadcast itself. It was extremely realistic and in the form of news bulletins. It must have sounded like the real thing to a lot of people. Finally, many listeners missed the beginning of the program, when it was explained that they were going to hear a radio play.

On This Day in History

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34 Unit4


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3 Speakinga InMiddleEasternculture,therearemanylegendsandfolktales.

OneofthemostfamousstoriesisSinbad the Sailor.Inthestory,thesailorfromBasrahsetsoutonaseriesofsevenvoyages.HesailsacrosstheseaseastofAfricaandinsouthAsiatomagicalplaces,meetingmonsters,overcomingsupernaturalphenomena,andbecomingfabulouslyrich.

Ingroups,thinkofoneofthevoyages.Summarizeit.Doeseveryoneinthegroupknowthesamestory?

b Legendsandfolktalesmusthavecomefromsomewhere!TrytothinkoftheoriginofSinbad the sailor.Usetheexamplestohelpyou.

There must have been a historical person who made a fortune from travel …

The story could have been based on a famous sailor with great navigation skills …

He might have lived in the ninth or tenth century …

2 Grammarbuilder:past modals – could have, might have, may have, must have, can’t have

a Readthesesentencesandmatcheachonetoanexplanationinthebox.Youneedtousesomeexplanationsmorethanonce.

1 Somepeoplemight have panickedbecauseof otherpeople,notbecauseofthebroadcast.____

2 Thepaniccould have happenedpartlybecause ofpoliticalinsecurity.____

3 Theradiostationmay not have madeitclear thatitwasfiction.____

4 ThepeoplewhothoughtMartianswere invadingmust have beenterrified.____

5 Wellescouldn’t have imaginedthathisdrama wouldcausesuchpanic.____

a Thisexpressesadeductionabouta possibilityinthepast. b Thisexpressesadefinitepositivededuction aboutthepast. c Thisexpressesadefinitenegative deductionaboutthepast.

Language assistant

• Could, may,andmighthaveapproximatelythe samemeaningbutmightismorecommonly used.

• Whenmakingadefinitenegativededuction aboutthepast,weusuallyusecouldn’t have.

Derekcouldn’t have known that the branch would break.

• Inspokenform,might have / may havearenot usuallycontractedinthenegative.Haveis contractedinstead:He must / might / may not’veknown.

b Completetheconversationusingappropriatepastmodalswiththeverbsinparentheses.

A: DidyouhearaboutthatairplaneatAmmanairport?

B: Yes.It(1)___________(be)enginefailure.I’msureitwas.

A: Well,somepeoplethinkit(2)_____________(be)asuddengustofwind.Thetipofthewing(3)______________(touch)therunway.

B: Well,theywereverylucky.Theyall(4)____________(be killed).Andnobodywashurtatall.

A: Isayit’sthankstothepilot.He(5)___________(be)verybrave…

B: …andskillful.It(6)_____________(be)easytodowhathedid!

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Unit4

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1 ReadytotravelImaginethatyou’regettingreadytogotoBritain.Inpairs,makealistofthingsyou’veheard,read,orimaginedtobetrueaboutit.

Discussyourlistwiththeclass.Howmanyofthethingsmaybestereotypesandnotnecessarilycompletelytrue?

Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.

1 Whatdoyouthinkyouneedtoknowbefore yougoonatrip?2 Howcanyoufindtheinformationyouneed?3 Whatcanyoudoduringyourvisittolearnmore

abouttheplacethanthe“average”tourist?

2 LearningfromtravelReadthearticlefromatravelguideonpage37andcompareitwithyourideasfromtheexerciseabove.

Useyourownideasandideasfromthetexttoprepareforavisittoanothercountry.

1 Ingroups,chooseacountryor aregioninyour owncountry.2 Writeaplanforlearningasmuchasyoucan aboutthecountryorregionbeforeyougoand afteryougetthere.3 Shareyourideaswiththeclass.

3 Whatkindoftravelerareyou?Thinkofatripyouhavetakenandwriteashortessayaboutit.

Paragraph1: whatyoudidtoprepareforthetrip

Paragraph2: whatyoudidwhileyouwerethere

Paragraph3: whatyoushouldhavedone differently,orhowyoumighthave benefitedmorefromthetrip

Exchangeessayswithapartner.Readyourpartner’sessayandcommentonit.

I think I would have tried to meet some local people. You could have learned more about national customs that way.

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Unit4


Language for life: making the most of travel

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The right attitudeMost countries, or even regions, have certain stereotypes connected with them – Americans eat fast food all the time and have little family life. New Yorkers are all loud and unfriendly, etc. But anyone who has traveled a lot will tell you that stereotypes are exactly that – stereotypes, and don’t represent the broad spectrum of customs and attitudes which exist in every country or region.

Before you goIf you are planning a trip, how can you prepare so that you benefit as much as possible from the experience? First, learn some basic facts about the place – its capital, the basis of its economy, a little of its history, its main ethnic groups, etc. You can get an overview from a travel guide, an encyclopedia, or the Internet. The Internet also has specific information about cities all around the world – maps, restaurant recommendations, etc. If you’re going to another country, try to take a basic survival course in the language. If you already speak the language, a conversation class can increase your fluency. Reading newspapers or magazines from the country will increase your vocabulary and will also give you information on important current events there. Whenever possible, talk to people from the country you’re going to visit. You can often meet people through a language institute or college in your city. Internet chat rooms are another way to talk to people from other countries and find out their ideas and attitudes about things.

When you get thereOnce you get to your destination, how can you avoid being “a typical tourist”? Of course, it helps if you know someone there. They can show you lots of great places tourists don’t usually go. But if you don’t know anyone, there are still a number of things you can do to learn as much as possible about the country. First, try not to stay in a “tourist hotel.” Bed and breakfasts are a good option because they’re often owned by families and are much more personal than a hotel. Don’t eat hotel food, or what you imagine to be the typical food of the country (beef-burgers in the United States or pasta in Italy). Ask about local specialities – rendang in Malaysia, or testi kebap in Istanbul, for example. And don’t use a tourist guide for restaurant recommendations. Ask local people where they eat. Try to do things that local people do; again, don’t just refer to your tourist guide. Ask people for suggestions or check the entertainment section of the local newspaper. And finally, talk to as many different people as possible. Most people are friendly to tourists and are happy to answer questions about their city.

Don’t be a traveling stereotype

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Unit4

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1

Piaget’sstages approximateages

1 Frombirthtoage____

2 ___________ Fromage2toage____

3 ___________ Fromage7toage____

4 ___________ Fromage____on

Sensorimotor stage

c Listenagainandnotesomeofthethingschildrencandoateachstage.Ingroups,compareanddiscussyournotes.

2 Writing,reading,andspeaking

a Onacleansheetofpaper,writeaparagraphaboutatypicaldayinthelifeofachildyouknowwell.Don’tmentiontheageofthechild.

b Ingroups,readeachother’sparagraphs.Afterreadingeachparagraph,noteonthepaperyournameandtheapproximateagethatyouestimateforthechild.

c Getyourownparagraphback.Whohasmadethebestguessofeachchild’sage?Discussthechildren,andseehowwelltheymatchPiaget’sstagesofdevelopment.

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1 Speakingandlisteninga Lookatthefourphotographs.Inpairs,decide:

• approximatelyhowoldeachchildis• whattheyprobablycanandcannotdoatthatage.

b JeanPiaget(1896–1980)wasaveryinfluentialdevelopmentalpsychologist.Heidentifiedfourmainstagesinthecognitivedevelopmentofchildren.ListentoacollegeclassaboutPiaget’stheory.Thencompletethetablebelowwithphrasesfromthebox.

“Preoperational”stage “Sensorimotor”stage “Formaloperational”stage “Concreteoperational”stage

Learning to be human

Unit 5 Stages of life

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Masc. Fem. M/F Inf. Form. I/F

SINGULAR

1 guy

2 child

3 kid

4 adolescent

5 teenager

6 youth

7 mom

PLURAL

1 sons

2 children

3 parents

4 fathers

5 brothers

6 siblings

• Masc. (always masculine), Fem. (always feminine), or M/F (masculine or feminine)• Inf. (usually informal), Form. (usually formal), or I/F (informal or formal)

Human children develop very differently from other mammals. Our childhood is proportionally much longer, extended at both ends, with early birth and late maturity. If the pregnancy period of human mothers were the same as other mammals in proportion to average body weight, it would be more than a year, not nine months. However, at one year, the human child’s head would be too big for natural birth.

One thing that makes us human is, literally, our big heads, which grow a lot more than other mammals’ heads after birth. On the other hand, we do not become mature adolescents until we are much older than other mammals. We spend a much longer time depending on our parents, and therefore we learn much more from them than other young mammals do. This extended period of early learning is important because, as humans, we will be learning all our lives.

39

Stagesoflife Lesson1

Unit5

3 Wordbuilder:people

a Writethewordsfromtheboxontheappropriatelines.Youcanusesomewordsonmorethanoneline.Useadictionaryifyouneedto.

baby girl teenager infant man grown-up guy boy youngster kid youth woman

Child:_____________________

__________________________

Adolescent:________________

__________________________

Adult:_____________________

__________________________

b Check(✔)theappropriatecolumnsinthetabletoclassifythewords.

4 Readingandspeaking Readtheextractfroman

anthropologythesis.Inpairs,discusstheinformationintheparagraph.Findtheanswerstothesequestions.

1 Whyarehumanbabiesbornearly?

2 Whataretheadvantagesofourlongdependenceonourparents?

3 Whatelsemakeshuman childrendifferentfrom otheryoungmammals?

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1 Reading,writing,andspeakinga Readwhatfourteenagersthinkabouttheir

lives.Whichcommentdoyouthinkcorrespondstoeachphotograph?

1 “Whatdidpeopledobeforewehadcomputers?They’rejustsouseful–theyhelpmewithmyhomework,Icankeepintouchwithfriendsandfamilyand,ifIhavetimetospare,Icanevenplaygames.MydreamwouldbetoworkintheITindustry,maybeinsoftwaredevelopment.ThenI’llbeearningmoneyforsomethingIenjoydoing.”

2 “ThisisChampionwithmylittlesister.Isn’thegreat?MyDadboughthimformelastyearasarewardforpassingmyexams.Unfortunatelywecan’tkeephimathome,butIseehimmosteveningsafterschoolandwegooutridingeveryweekend.InfactI’minterestedinallanimals.WhenIleaveschoolI’dliketogotoVeterinaryCollegeandbecomeavet.”

3 “Thisisthegreatestdayofmylife!I’vebeenchosenforourlocalteam!ThecoachsaysI’vegottoworkreallyhard,soI’llbetrainingeveryweekendfromnowon.Andwhoknows?MaybeinafewyearstimeI’llbereallygood,andI’llbeplayingforaworld-famousteamlikeManchesterUnited!”

4 “AlotofmyfriendsthinkthatI’mtooserious…butI’mnot.Ireallyenjoylife!It’sjustthatIfindbiologyandchemistrysointeresting.SometimesmyteachersetsusscienceprojectsandshesaysthatIhaveatalentforresearch.I’mstudyinghardsothatIcangotouniversity.ThenI’llbecomeateachersothatIcansharemyenthusiasmwithotherpeople.”

Goals in life2A

B

D

C

40 Unit5

Lesson2 Stagesoflife

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4 Speakinga Completethistablewithyourexpectedsituationsfiveandten

yearsfromnow.

b Inpairs,discussandcompareyourideasaboutyourlivesinfiveandtenyears.

In ten years, I hope I’ll be earning a lot of money.

Infiveyears Intenyears

workand/orstudy

placeofresidence/typeofaccommodation

familylife/sociallife

otheractivities/aspectsofyourwayoflife

2 Grammarbuilder:future progressive vs. future simple

a Lookatthesentences.Whichonesareabout:

• acomplete,definedactivityinthefuture• anopen-endedactivitytakingplaceatacertaintimeinthefuture?

1 He’llbeplayingforafamousfootballteamwhenhe’s21.2 She’llgotocollegeaftersheleavesschool.3 She’llbeteachingscienceinafewyearstime.4 Whenhe’seighteenhe’llapplyforajobwithasoftwarecompany.

b Whatisthedifferenceintheverbstructuresinsentences1–4inexercise2a?

c Completethesentenceswiththemoreappropriatestructure:futureprogressiveorfuturesimple.

1 We____________________(wait)foryouatseveno’clock.Don’tbelate.

2 They____________________(paint)thehousewhileweareaway.Theycanfinishinthattime.3 I____________________(pay)themwhenwegetback.4 Intenyears,we____________________(live)inabiggerhousewithaniceyard,Ihope.5 I____________________(work)whenyouarrive,sowaitformeinthecaféacrossfrommyoffice.

d Completethesentences,usinginformationaboutyourself.

1 Thistimenextweek,I______________________________________________________________________.2 WhenI’m20,I____________________________________________________________________________.3 At10o’clocktomorrowevening,I____________________________________________________________.

3 Pronunciation:linking

a Howdoyounormallypronouncetheunderlinedwords?Listenandcheck.

1 Majidwillgotocollegewhenheleavesschool.

2 Whatwillhestudy?

3 Englishwillbehisfirstchoice.

b Listenagainandrepeat.

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Unit5

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When I’m 4431 Readingandspeakinga Lookatthetitleofthearticlebelow.Discusswhatyouthinkthearticleisabout.

b Matchthetwopartsofthesesentences.

c Readthearticleandputthesentencesyouhavecompletedintheappropriatespaces.

d Answerthequestions.

1 HowoldisFaisalSameernow? 4 Whatwashisfirstyearawaylike?2 HowoldwashewhenhelefttheUnitedStates? 5 WhydoesheliveinDammamnow?3 Whydidheleave? 6 WouldyoudosomethinglikeFaisal?

Faisal Sameer was American, but he now lives in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Ten years ago he lived in Detroit, and had never been out of the United States. (1) ________________ . He had married in America but then, unexpectedly when he was 44, his wife died.

His two children who were at university wanted him to stay in Detroit, but he was not happy with that idea. (2) _____________ . He had read many books about the Hajj and the holy city of Makkah and now he really wanted to go.

He told his son and daughter he might stay longer in Saudi Arabia, but they didn’t believe him. He sold the family house but they still didn’t believe him. One autumn morning he took a plane to Riyadh. (3) __________ . But he didn’t leave Makkah after the Hajj. He was so impressed with Saudi and Arab lifestyle that he decided to travel further in the Gulf.

He spent a year zig-zagging his way round the coast, visiting on his way Madinah, Jeddah, Abha, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait. In Kuwait, he began to worry about his diminishing funds. He returned to Dammam and started looking for some kind of work there. (4) _________________ . Faisal has lived there happily ever since.

(5) __________________ . They realize that Dammam has become Faisal’s second home. They have decided to continue with their postgraduate studies in Saudi Arabia, because the University for Science and Technology is so good. Faisal has remarried and bought a house. (6) ___________________ .

A new life

42 Unit5


1 HewillneverreturntotheUnitedStates….

2 Hedidn’thaveverymuchmoney,…3 Hegotajobwithapetrochemical

companythere…4 Althoughhehadneverbeento

Makkahbefore,…5 Hischildrenwilljoinhim….6 HisparentswereSaudi,…

a) …whentheyhavefinishedtheirundergraduatestudies.

b)…hehadalwaysdreamedofgoingtodotheHajj.c) …sohedecidedtotravelbybusfromRiyadhto

Makkah.d)…becausehehadworkedasachemicalengineer

inAmerica.e) …unlessthereisanemergency.f ) …buttheysettledinDetroitafterfindingwork

there.

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2 Grammarbuilder:connectors

Completesentences1–9withconnectorsfromthebox.

although because but however so onlyif therefore if unless

1 Hedidnothavemuchmoney,__________hewantedtotravel.

2 __________hedidnothavemuchmoney,hewantedtotravel.

3 Hedidnothavemuchmoney.__________,hewantedtotravel.

4 Hedidnothavemuchmoney,__________hedecidedtotravelbybus.

5 Hedecidedtotravelbybus__________hedidnothavemuchmoney.

6 Hedidnothavemuchmoney.__________,hedecidedtotravelbybus.

7 HewillreturntotheUnitedStates__________thereisafamilyemergency.

8 __________thereisnotafamilyemergencyhewillnotreturntotheUnitedStates.

9 HewillnotreturntotheUnitedStates__________thereisafamilyemergency.

3 Listeningandspeakinga Listentoanelderlymantalkingabouthimself,andcomplete

thenotesbelow.

Name:_______________________________________________

Age:_________________________________________________

Reasonswhyheliveswherehedoes: _____________________________________________________

Interests:_____________________________________________________

b Inpairs,talkaboutanelderlypersonyouknow.Describewhattheirlifeislike.

4 Reading,writing,andspeakinga Readthisdescriptiveessay.Underlinealltheadjectivesusedto

describetheperson.Whicharepositiveandwhicharenegative?Whichareneutral?

My grandma is still very active for a woman her age. She is pretty short and has long gray hair, which she wears tied up on top of her head. She is 92 and she has lived alone ever since her husband died, 12 years ago. Although she can be forgetful, she is very entertaining. She always has wonderful stories about the past to tell. She is a very caring woman and she manages to find time to help other people, even on the days when her health is poor. She always has a wise word of advice for her neighbors and her grandchildren. I admire my grandmother and feel very close to her. In general, I would say that she lives a happy life, surrounded by those she loves.

b Writeadescriptionofanelderlypersonyouknow.Youmightwriteabout:

• wheretheylive• whattheirdailyroutineis• whotheylivewith• whattheirpersonality islike.

c Ingroups,passyourdescriptionsaroundandreadthem.Whatdotheysayaboutwhatitisliketobeoldinyourcountrytoday?

Language assistant

Howeverandthereforearecommononlyinfairlyformalwriting.

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A new life

43


Unit5

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1 LifeaftergraduationFirasahmedis22andhasjustgraduated,withamajorinbiology.Foralittlewhileatleast,hecansaygoodbyetofull-timestudy,termpapers,andexams–aswellastherichandrewardinglifeasafellowundergraduate.Hehasconsideredthreemainoptionsforthenextyearorsoofhislife:aone-yeartriptravelingaroundtheworldwiththreefriends,ajobasanassistantinalocalagriculturalresearchinstitute,oraMaster ’sprogramintheUnitedStatesbeginninginthreemonths.

• Whichoptionwouldyouchoose,andwhy?• AreyouinasimilarsituationtoFiras,orisyour situationverydifferent?Whatareyour immediateplansoroptions?

Well,FiraschosetogoforaMaster’s,andhestartedinvestigatingschools,costs,andscholarships.WashingtonStateUniversityseemedinteresting,partlybecausehehasanuncleandauntinSeattle.Butthecost!(AndW.S.U.isnotexpensivebyU.S.standards.)Howdothefollowingfiguresforthe2008–09academicyearcomparewithcostsforforeignstudentstostudyatacollegeinyourcountry?

2 Gettingapost-graduatescholarshipObviously,Firasneededascholarship,andwithhisgoodgrades,hehadafairchanceofgettingone.

1 HasanyoneyouknoweverappliedforascholarshiptostudyintheUnitedStates?

2 Ifso,whatdidtheyhavetodotoapply?Weretheysuccessful?

Mostcountrieshavescholarshipsystemsfortheirresidentstodopost-graduatestudyabroad,buttheyusuallyworktogetherwithscholarshipsystemsofthecountrieswherethestudywillbecarriedout,forexample,theU.S.CommissionforEducationalandCulturalExchange.Scholarshipapplicantsareusuallyrequiredtogiveinformationonformsliketheoneonpage45.

1 ListentoaninterviewFirashasatW.S.U.Usingtheinformationfromtheinterview,fillinthescholarshipapplicationformonpage45.

2 WriteanimaginaryaddressforFiras.Thenwriteaconvincingparagraphonhowthesestudieswouldcontributetohiscareerobjectives.

3 Checkyourformwithapartner.Arethereanymistakesintheparagraphatthebottom?Istheparagraphconvincing?

Tuitionandfees: $19,676.00Roomandboard: $9,190.00Books: $1,104.00Healthinsurance: $550.00Studenthealthservicefee: $170.00Miscellaneous: $2,108.00TOTAL: $32,798.00

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4

Unit5


Language for life: scholarships

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A P P L i C A T i o n F o r C o L L e G e S C h o L A r S h i P F U n D S

1. Full name Last _____________________ First ___________________ Middle _____________________2. Gender Male ■ Female ■3. Country of birth _________________________________________________________________________4. Country of citizenship ____________________________________________________________________

5. Current mailing address Street ___________________________________________________________________________________ City ____________________________ State or province __________________________________ Zip code ________________________ Country _________________________________________ Telephone _______________________ E-mail ___________________________________________

_____

6. have you ever applied to this organization for a scholarship before? No ■ Yes ■ Date: Month _________________________________ Year ________________________

7. Which U.S. college are you applying to? __________________________________________________

8. For which course of study? ______________________________________________________________

9. have you taken the ToeFL examination for english? Yes ■ Date: Month ___________________ Year ___________________ Score ___________________

No ■ Are you a non-native speaker of English? No ■ Yes ■

10. When are you going to take ToeFL? Month ________________________________ Year _______________________

11. educational background College or university Location Dates of study Degree or diploma

1 ___________________ ______________ From _______to ________ ____________________________ 2 ___________________ ______________ From _______to ________ ____________________________ 3 ___________________ ______________ From _______to ________ ____________________________

12. how would the course of study contribute to your career objectives? _________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

3 TheinterviewScholarshipapplicantsareusuallyrequiredtohaveaninterview.Withapartner,writealistofquestionsyouanticipateyouwouldbeaskedinsuchaninterview.

Listentothescholarshipinterviewagainandnotewhatthecandidate,Firas,saysabout:

1 hisspecificinterestinWashingtonStateUniversity2 thesubjectheisinterestedin,andhisreasons3 hisEnglish4 hisreasonforgoingdirectlyfromanundergraduatedegreetoa Master’sdegree.

Modifythelistofquestionsyouwrotepreviouslyifyouwish.Thenpracticeaninterviewwithyourpartner.Getreadytogoforascholarshipyourself!Youcandoit!

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Unit5

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1

1 Reading

Looking backat 2001

In the late 1960s, the 21st century still seemed a long way in the future. Computers were just beginning to have widespread applications, and people did not have personal computers in their homes. However, some people were beginning to imagine, and sometimes to fear, the central role that computers would take in our lives in the future. Director Stanley Kubrick’s 1968 production 2001: A Space Odyssey was not a typical sci-fi story about wars with space aliens. It had much more complicated themes, one of which was the role of machines in our lives. In Kubrick’s vision of 2001, computers had many capabilities, which would lead to a fight for dominance between man and machine. The setting is the space ship Discovery, which travels to different galaxies. The ship is controlled and operated by a computer called HAL 9000. Kubrick’s futuristic computer could see, hear, and speak. It was able to process all types of information and use this as a basis to make "decisions". Finally, it seemed to form its own opinions. During the mission, HAL "decides" that the humans on the Discovery will not carry out the mission properly, and it begins to kill the members of the crew. Finally, the remaining crew members decide that HAL must be disconnected. If not, in a short time, it will have killed all the humans on board and it will have taken over the mission. With that decision, the struggle between man and machine begins. In the end, man triumphs and the computer is disconnected in a strange and emotional scene. As HAL’s circuits are gradually shut down, its faculties diminish, in a way that looks like what sometimes happens to the human brain. The once brilliant HAL ends up repeating the same phrase over and over, more and more slowly, until at last there is silence.

The production was made in the a) 1960s b) 1970s c) 1980s.

it was directed by a) Robert Altman b) Steven Spielberg c) Stanley Kubrick.

The name of the space ship was a) Discovery b) Voyager c) Explorer.

The computer in the story was called a) SAM b) HAL c) ED.

The computer had the ability to a) see, hear, and talk b) make "decisions" c) a) and b) plus seemed to form opinions.

The computer was disconnected because a) it started to make mistakes b) it began to kill people c) it used too much power.

When the computer was disconnected, it a) gave a warning b) repeated words c) immediately became silent.

QUiZ QUiZ QUiZ QUiZ QUiZ QUiZ 1

2

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The 21st century, past and present

Unit 6 The future

46 Unit6

Youaregoingtotakeaquizaboutasciencefictionproductioncalled2001: A Space Odyssey.Scanthearticletofindtheanswerstothequizasquicklyaspossible.Thewinneristhepersonwhofindsallthecorrectanswersfirst!

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47

Thefuture Lesson1

Unit6

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2 Listeningandspeakinga Listentoaconversationbetweenacomputer

anditsuser.Thenanswerthequestions.

1 Doesthecomputersoundashumanasthe man?2 Howdoesthecomputerfeel?3 Whatargumentsdoesthecomputeruseto avoidbeingdisconnected?4 Howdidthescenemakeyoufeel?

b Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.

1 Haveyoureadanysciencefictionbooks?Whichones?

2 Doyouthinksciencefictioncanactuallygiveusapreviewoflifeinthefuture?Whyorwhynot?

3 Inyouropinion,couldcomputers everbecomeas“human”asHALin2001?

3 Speakingandwritinga StanleyKubrickcommissionedseveral

companiestopredictwhattheymightbesellingintheyear2001,andtodesigntheobjects.Whichdescriptionmatchestheobjectinthephotographontheleft?Areanyoftheobjectsdescribedbelowsimilartothingswhichnowexist?

1 “RoboPen”byParker Avoice-operatedpenwithbuttonstocontrolhandwriting,margins,inkcolor,andlanguage.2 AttachécasebyHoneywell Thisworkedlikeamini-computer.3 PicturephonebyBellTelephone

Bellactuallymadeasetofthese,andKubrickusedthemtocallhisdaughter.

4 Chargecardidentifier Automaticallycheckedtheownerandthecredit

statusofthecard.

b Inpairs,designanobjectonpaperwhichyouthinkwillhavebeeninvented30yearsfromnow.Writeadescriptionoftheobjectandhowitwillbeused.

c Presentyourinventiontotheclass.

Today we would like to present the … to you. The … will …

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Tomorrow’s world2

b Compareyourlistwithanotherpair’slist.Whichofthethingsdoyouthinkwillbeachievedorperfectedinyourlifetime?

2 Readingandspeakinga Scanthearticlequickly.Whichofthethingsinthelistinexercise

1aarementioned?

b Ingroups,discussthequestionsinthelastparagraphofthearticle.Givereasonsforyouropinions.Whichofthequestionsapplytoyourcountry?Whatotherproblemsstillneedtobesolved?

1 Speakinga Inpairs,decidewhichofthefollowingthingshavebeenachieved.

Technology Medicine ecology

artificialintelligence avaccineagainstpolio weathercontrol

domesticrobots acureforcancer protectionofendangeredspecies

voice-operatedautomobiles artificialeyes alternativeenergysources

Centuries of change

48 Unit6

Lesson2 Thefuture

The 19th century was the era of industrialization, and the 20th century was the era of communications technology. The invention of the television in 1926 started a revolution in communications which would change the world. And by the end of the century, advanced computer technology meant

that people could send and receive information instantly via the Internet. The 20th century also saw major advances in other areas. For example, in medicine, antibiotics and a vaccine for polio were developed. Organs were successfully transplanted, and in some cases artificial organs were implanted. There were also advances in ecology. A number of international organizations now work to protect endangered species and to clean up and protect the environment. Alternative energy sources like wind and solar power were developed. But at the beginning of the 21st century, an enormous amount of work is still needed to protect the earth and its inhabitants. By the end of the 21st century, what will we have

achieved? Will we have cleaned up the air and water of our planet? Will the natural environment be safe from human destruction? Will we have stopped fighting wars? It’s difficult to imagine such a perfect world – but in the 19th century it was difficult to imagine instant communication across continents.

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4 Listeningand speakinga Listentotheconversation

aboutthefuture.Inthesecondcolumnofthetable,markthepredictionsD(Davidbelieves),A(Alibelieves),orB(theybothbelieve).

b NowmarkthepredictionsY(yes)orN(no)accordingtoyouropinions.

c Ingroups,discussyouropinions.Writetwomorepredictionsaboutthingsthatwillandwillnothavehappened20yearsfromnowandsharethemwithyourclass.

3 Grammarbuilder:futureperfect

a Lookattheexample.Whichofsentences1–3meansthesamethingastheexample?

In 30 years, we will have found a cure for all types of cancer.

1 Ittook30years,butwenowhaveacureforalltypesofcancer.2 Thirtyyearsfromnow,wewillfindacure.3 Wewillfindacuresometimeinthenext30years.

b Inthefollowingtext,circlethecorrectformoftheverb.

SometimesIthinkabouthowtheworld(1)changes / will change inmylifetime.I’m30,andI(2)have seen / will have seenalotofchanges.Forexample,20yearsago,people(3)didn’t know / hadn’t knownhowtheInternetwouldaffecteverything!Sowhat(4)has happened / will happeninthenext30years?Well,Ithinkwe(5)have stopped / will have stoppedusinggasoline,andwe(6)drive / will driveelectriccars.Intenyears,we(7)are inventing / will have inventednewenergysources.BythetimeI’m60,we(8)will solve / will have solvedalotofproblems!

c Usethesepromptstomakepredictionsaboutthefuture.

1 2020/returnto/theMoon In 2020, I think we will have returned to the Moon.

2 2015/discoveracure/alltypesofcancer3 2030/colonize/Mars4 2050/invent/timetravel

Language assistant

Thefutureperfectisforactionswhichwillbecompletedatorbyaspecifictimeinthefuture.

In two years, I will have graduated from college.

By 2013, I will have been learning English for many years.

Language assistant

Sensori-motor

stage

Predictionsfortheworld The Yourintheyear2025 conversation opinions

1 Childrenwillstudyathome, bycomputer.

2 Computertransactionswill havereplacedmoney.

3 Medicaladvanceswon’thave increasedpeople’slifespans.

4 We’llgetallbooksfromtheInternet.

5 Wewon’thavecolonized space.

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Thefuture Lesson2

Unit6

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1 Grammarreview:future forms

a Readtheconversationquickly.Whatistheconversationabout?

Salman: So,Youssef,whendoyoufinishschool?

Youssef: (1)_____________.

Salman: Great!(2)_____________rightaway.

Youssef: Uh,notexactly,Grandpa.IthinkI’llprobablydosometraveling.

Salman: Ah,excellent.Checkoutjobopportunitiesinothercities,right?

Youssef: Uh,no,notreally.WhenIgraduate,(3)_____________.(4)_____________,soI’dliketotakeabreakfirst.

Salman: Oh,Isee.Well,ashortbreakisprobablyagoodidea.(5)_____________,Iguess.

Youssef: Actually,inSeptember,Iwillhavejuststartedmytrip.IplantotakeayeartobackpackfromTorontotoBuenosAires.

Salman: Oh!Well,it’snotwhatwedidinmyday.Still,you’llbeseeingalotofdifferentplacesandthingsonyourtrip.(6)____________,I’msure.

b Nowcompletetheconversationwiththephrasesbelow.

a) You’llbelookingforajobinthefallthenb)Iwillhavebeeninschoolfor18yearsc) I’llbeworkingfortherestofmylifed)IgraduateinJunee) Itwillbeveryeducationalf ) Isupposeyou’llwanttogetajob

c Findanexampleofeachofthefollowingmeaningsintheconversation.

1 aprediction2 adefinite,scheduledeventinthefuture3 anactionwhichwillbecompletedatapoint inthefuture4 anactionwhichwillbeinprogressatsome pointinthefuture

Your future3

2 Pronunciation:intonation and emotion

a Peopleuseintonationtoexpressemotionslikesurprise,anger,etc.Thisistrueinalllanguages,butthewayitisdonevariesbetweenlanguages.Listentotheseexcerptsfromtheconversation.Ineachcase,check(✔)howthepeoplefeel.

1 a)excited b)embarrassed c)angry2 a)unconvinced b)convinced c)angry3 a)happy b)surprised c)embarrassed4 a)enthusiastic b)bored c)embarrassed5 a)surprised b)disappointed c)enthusiastic

b Nowpracticesayingthefollowingsentencesasindicated.

1 I’mgoingtoaconference.(excited)2 I’mgoingtoaconference.(bored)3 Emilygotthebestgrades.(happy)4 Emilygotthebestgrades.(disappointed)5 Iforgotyourname.(surprised)6 Iforgotyourname.(embarrassed)

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50 Unit6

Lesson3 Thefuture

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3 Reading,speaking,andlisteninga Readthefollowingprofile.Withapartner,make

predictionsabouttheperson’sfuture.

Thispersonis19yearsold,andastudentattheUniversityofTexas.Heisanexpertwithcomputersandenjoysanythingrelatedtocomputertechnology.However,hedoesn’tlikebeingacollegestudentverymuch.Asafreshman(afirst-yearstudent),hehastotakemanyrequiredcourseslikeEnglishandhistorywhichhavenothingtodowithcomputers.Hefeelsthatmaybeacollegeeducationisnotforhim.

1 Willhegraduatefromcollege?2 Willhebecomesuccessful?3 Whatwillhebedoinginfiveyears?

b Theprofileyoureadwasofarealperson.Listentowhathappenedtotheyoungmanandcomparehisstorywithyourpredictions.

4 Reading,writing,andspeakinga Ingroups,discusswaysinwhichyoucan

continuetodevelopyourEnglishinthefuture.Makealisttogether.

• read magazines in English

b ReadthisextractfromaplanforcontinuingtodevelopEnglish.Doesthewritermentionanyoftheideasyoudiscussed?

c WriteyourownplanforcontinuingtodevelopyourEnglish.Whenyouhavefinished,swapplanswithapartnerandreadeachother’s.Istheplanrealistic?Doyou

believeyourpartnerwillbeabletodoit?

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• Another thing I intend to do is use the Internet more. The Internet will become an even bigger part of our lives in the future, and the majority of it is in English. The practice I get from reading information online should help to keep my level of English up.

• Apart from that, I think it would be a good idea to try to read a newspaper or a magazine in English once a week. I’m really interested in sports, so it might be a good idea to read a sports magazine, although the language might be a little limited.

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Thefuture Lesson3

Unit6

• Another thing I intend to do is use the Internet more. The Internet will become an even bigger part of our lives in the future, and the majority of it is in English. The practice I get from reading information online should help to keep my level of English up.

• Apart from that, I think it would be a good idea to try to read a newspaper or a magazine in English once a week. I’m really interested in sports, so it might be a good idea to read a sports magazine, although the language might

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Start

1 Playingroupsof4–6.Youneeddice,andeachplayerneedsacoinorsomethingsimilartouseasamarker.

2 Onestudentinthegroupisthemonitor.Heorshelooksat theanswersatthebottomofthepage.

3 Eachstudentrollsthedice,andthehighestnumbergoes first.Continueinorderaroundthecircle.

4 Whenit ’syourturn,rollthediceandmoveyourmarkerthe numberofspacesindicated.

5 Answerthequestiononthatspace.Iftheansweriscorrect, stayonthespace.Ifit’sincorrect,returntoyourprevious space.Themonitorshouldnotsaythecorrectanswer.

6 ThefirstpersontoarriveatFINISHwins.

1 ThegameofEnglishSometimesit'simportanttotakeasmallbreakfromstudying,sohereisagamethatwillhelpyouhavefunforafewminutes,inbetweenyourschool-workandotherobligations.PlaythegameingroupsandfindouthowmuchyouknowaboutEnglishandtheEnglish-speakingworld.

2 Round-upIngroups,orasaclass,discussyourexperienceswithEnglishsofar.

1 InwhatwayshaveyoubeenabletoapplyyourknowledgeofEnglish?

2 HaveyouhadanyreallyenjoyableexperiencesusingEnglish?

3 WhatkindsofthingsdoyounowfeelyoucandoreasonablycompetentlyinEnglish?

4 HowdoyouthinkyouwillbeusingEnglishinthefuture?

1 In what language group is English? a) Germanic b) Slavic c) Romance

1

6 Where will you usually find an adjective in English? a) before a noun b) after a noun c) before a verb

6

Which preposition can follow the verb to insist?a) insist forb) insist atc) insist on

11

What is the past participle of swim?

a) swimmedb) swamc) swum

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What is another word for enormous?

a) longb) broadc) huge

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4

Unit6

Lesson4 Thefuture

Language for life: the world of English

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Answers: 1 a, 2 c, 3 b, 4 b, 5 c, 6 a, 7 c, 8 c, 9 a, 10 b, 11 c, 12 c, 13 b, 14 b, 15 a, 16 a, 17 b, 18 b, 19 c, 20 b

In which country is English not a main language? a) New Zealand b) Denmark c) South Africa

Which sport is not played very much in Britain?

a) cricket b) baseball c) rugby

2 Which verb is irregular? a) speculate b) regret c) forget

5 What does an adverb do? a) describe a noun b) describe a pronoun c) describe a verb

2

3

45

About how many native English speakers are there in the world? a) 537 million b) 750 million c) 375 million

78 Which of these is not a capital

city? a) Abu Dhabi b) Sanaa c) Dubai

8

9 How many speakers of Arabic languages are there in the world?

a) About 300 million b) About 521 million c) About 132 million

9

Which Islamic scientist designed and built over 477 buildings including the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne?

a) Jabir ibn Hayyanb) Koca Mimar Sinan

c) Al Kindi

10

What is the capital of Canada?

a) Torontob) Ottawac) Vancouver

13 Where is the ancient city of Persepolis?a) Iraqb) Iranc) Turkey

14Which city was the capital of the Abbasid Dynasty?a) Baghdadb) Makkahc) Abu Dhabi

15

Where is the Al Reem Racing circuit?

a) Riyadhb) Dammamc) Jeddah

16

What is the title of the traditional leader in Oman?

a) Sheikhb) Sultanc) Caliph

17Which countries does the Euphrates run through?a) Egypt, Israel, Jordanb) Turkey, Syria, Iraqc) Iran, Iraq Kuwait

18

Who is buried in Karbala, Iraq?

a) Khadija bint Khuwaylidb) Husayn bin Alic) Uthman ibn Affan

20

FINISH

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Thefuture Lesson4

Unit6

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2 Speakingandlisteninga Matchthesepeoplewiththephotographs.Inpairs,

discussyouranswersandwhatyouknowandthinkaboutthesepeopleandtheirroleinthe20thcentury.

1 BillGates 3 MahatmaGandhi2 JohnF.Kennedy 4 YusufIslam

b Listentoaradiodiscussionprogram.Whatdoestheprofessorconsidertobethetwomostimportantdevelopmentsinthe20th-century.Takenotes.Compareyouranswersinpairs.

c Listenagainandnotethefollowingideas.

1 threeareasonwhichchangesintransportationhavehadmajoreffects

2 theresultofthedevelopmentoftheinternetandthecellphone

3 thedisadvantagesofglobalizationandtwootherproblemscausedbythesechanges

1 Speaking,writing,andreadinga Wearenowinanewmillennium:the20thcenturyisrecenthistory.Butthe20thcenturywasaperiodof

massiveinnovation.Inyouropinion,whatwerethemostimportantinventionsordevelopmentsofthecentury.Writeinthetablebelow.

Mymostimportantdevelopmentsin… Firstchoice Secondchoice

medicine

transportation

architecture

householdfacilities

communications

B

C

b Ingroups,compareyourchoices.Bepreparedtogiveyourreasons.

A

D

Unit 7 The 20th century

54 Unit7

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Changes1

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Change – for better or for worse?WORLD NEWS

3 Pronunciation:word stress

a Listentopartoftheprogram.Whatdoyounoticeaboutthewordrecord?

b ListentothepronunciationoftheunderlinedwordsinAandB.Dothenounsorverbsintheseexampleshavethestressonthefirstsyllable?

A B1 Thecoachisgoingtorecordtheteam'sstatistics. Hekeepsarecordofallhisexpenses.2 Theyexportalotofcomputersoftware. CarsareamajorexportoftheU.S.3 Someadvertisementsinsultourintelligence. Mostadvertisementsareaninsulttoourintelligence.4 Technologywillcontinuetoprogressrapidly. ThestudentshavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.

c Practicesayingthesentences,stressingtheunderlinedwordscorrectly.

4Reading,speaking,andwritinga Readthesestatementsaboutattitudestochange.Whichonedoyouagreewithandwhy?

Useyournotesfromexercise4btowriteabriefparagraphforthemagazine.

b Discussyouropinionsingroups.Takenotesontheideasofallgroupmembers.

c Imaginethatamagazinehasinvitedyoungpeoplefromaroundtheworldtowriteaparagraphonthefollowingsubject:

It’s an incredibly exciting world that we live in. Everything changes so quickly. When my parents were born there’s no way they could have foreseen the developments that have taken place in their lifetimes, any more than I can predict what the world will be like in twenty or thirty years. It’s great!

55

The20thcentury Lesson1

Unit7

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I know a lot of changes that have taken place in the last fifty years have produced massive benefits to humanity – but aren’t things changing too quickly? I sometimes think that people are too ready to accept change, regardless of the effects it may have on our traditions. We need to preserve these for future generations.

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(1) _________________ and _________________ are

“business as usual” in history.

World population:

(2) _____________ in 1900, (3) ______________

in 2005 – enormous impact on

(4) _______________ and _______________, and

_________________ and ________________.

Technology speeded up transportation and communications,

main elements in (5) ___________________.

1Speakinga Canyouidentifyeachofthese20th-century

scenes?Howdoyoufeelaboutthem?

b Matchthesemajor20th-centuryeventswithdatesfromthebox.

FoundationoftheUnitedNations _______

OildiscoveredinSaudiArabia __________

WorldWarII _________________________

FoundationoftheU.A.E._______________

firstmanonthemoon ________________

Arab-IsraeliWar______________________

WorldWarI__________________________

RussianRevolution___________________

2 Listeningandspeakinga Listentoacollegehistoryclass.Whattwo

things(asidefromrevolutionsandwars)doestheprofessorconsiderextremelysignificantinthe20thcentury?

b Readtheseincompleteclassnotes.Thenlistenagainandcompletethem.

c Doyouagreewiththeprofessoraboutthemostimportantchangesofthe20thcentury?

1971 1914–18 1917–21 1973 1939–45 1961–73 1969 1936

1945

56 Unit7

Lesson2 The20thcentury

History2

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In the early 1980s a group of researchers used radar and remote-sensing satellite imagery

to scan the deserts in Saudi Arabia and Oman for the lost city of Iram-Ubar.

Iram of the Pillars is mentioned in the Qur’an but was thought to be non-existent by historians. However, in 1973, another lost city, Ebla, was excavated in Syria. In its library was a record of all the cities with which it had traded. On the list was the city of Iram.

According to Bedouin belief, Iram of the Pillars was a large prehistoric metropolis built five generations after the great flood by a race of giants, the Ahd-al-Jann, in the Rub-el-Khali desert. The Adites, or successors of Noah’s people, were supposedly

remarkably skilled architects and builders who were able to raise great stone columns or pillars.

Moreover, Iram, was said to be fabulously wealthy because of its trade in olibanum (frankincense), which was prized for making expensive perfumes.

The city was also said to be the center for magic and devil worship. So, Allah inflicted a drought, and then caused a disastrous sandstorm. Eventually, the whirlwind engulfed the entire city which vanished without trace beneath the sands.

Then, in the early 1980s, an oasis city called Iram-Ubar was excavated in Oman. Large amounts of frankincense were discovered at the site. However, it seems that the

A Mystery UNCOVereD

disappearance of the city was actually due to lack of water. Historians think that the water table fell, leaving the water cavern dry, and the walls of the cavern then collapsed. Without water, the oasis in the desert was swallowed by the sand.

b Connectorscanhavesimilarmeanings,butareusedindifferentgrammaticalcontextsandwithdifferentpunctuation.Completethesesentenceswithconnectorsfromtheboxes.Morethanoneanswermaybepossible.

1 a) TheAditeswereknownasskilledbuilders._____________,thecitybecamewealthythroughtradeoffrankincense.

b) __________havingskilledbuilders,thecity becamewealthythroughtradeoffrankincense. c) TheAditeswereknownasskilledbuildersand

________assuccessfultraders.2 a) Thewatercavernrandry,________collapsed. b) _______________thewatercavernran

dry,thecaverncollapsed. c)Thewatercavernrandry.__________,thewalls

ofthecaverncollapsed.

3Grammarbuilder:connectors

a Findthewordsontheleftinthearticleandunderlinethem.Thenmatchthemwiththepairsofwordsorphraseswithsimilarmeaningsontheright.

1 moreover a) asaresult,therefore 2 then b) but,although 3 eventually c) after,afterthat 4 however d) aswellas,also 5 so e) intheend,finally

4 Writinga Puttheseeventsintothe

correctorder.

1 Theytradedfrankincense.2 Thecitywasconsumed

bythedesert.3 Thecitywasdiscoveredin

the1980s.4 Thewatertablefell.5 ThecityofIramwasbuilt

bytheAhd-al-Jann.6 Thewatercavern

collapsed.7 Manystoriesexisted

aboutwhereitlayburied.

b Writeaparagraphdescribingtheeventsinthecorrectorder.Useconnectors.

after afterthat

then

aswellasmoreover

also

57


Unit7

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C

A

2Speakingandreadinga Inpairs,writedownasmanythingsasyou

canaboutNelsonMandela,e.g.

• hisnationality• thereasonforhispoliticalstruggle• thelengthofhisimprisonment• whyhesharedtheNobelPeacePrizewith

anotherman• hisracialphilosophy

b Readthebiographyandcheckyourideas.

c Animportantskillinreadingisinferringmeaningor“readingbetweenthelines.”Checkyourabilitytodothisbyansweringthesequestions.

1 DidwhitechildrenattendMandela’sschool?2 WhywasthenewYouthLeaguemoreactive thantheoldANC?3 WhywasMandelacontinuallyarrestedinthe

1950s?4 WhywasMandelaanactivistfor17yearsbefore turningtoviolence?5 WereBothaanddeKlerkblackorwhite?

1 Speaking Ingroups,identifythese20thcenturyfigures.

Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?

World figures3 nelson rolihlahla mandela, South Africa’s first black President, was born in 1918 into the royal family of the Tembu Tribe. Like other black children fortunate enough to get a basic education, he went to a British missionary school. While he was studying at Fort Hare University, he organized a boycott and was expelled. He eventually obtained a law degree from the University of South Africa and set up South Africa’s first black law firm with Oliver Tambo.

In 1944, Walter Sisulu, Mandela, and Tambo formed the African National Congress Youth League to fight more actively for black rights than the old ANC did. Mandela was arrested continually during the late 1950s and eventually tried in 1961. When the trial ended with his acquittal, he formed the ANC’s military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation). He was arrested again and sentenced in 1964 to life in prison for sabotage. Mandela spent the next 27 years in prison, but managed to maintain contact with the ANC and remain its leading figure.

Slowly, the government began to realize it would be impossible for the white minority to continue dominating the black majority through “apartheid” indefinitely, and Mandela met with President P.W. Botha in July 1989, and his successor, President F.W. de Klerk, in December of that year. Mandela was released in 1990.

After he had consulted with the ANC leadership, Mandela went on a world tour to persuade Western leaders to maintain economic sanctions against South Africa and to raise funds to help the ANC function as a political party. Negotiations with the ruling National Party led to the ANC’s decision to suspend its armed struggle after nearly 30 years, and then to agreements on an interim government with both parties as partners for five years. Further talks in 1993 led to the establishment of a majority-rule constitution. In December of that year, Mandela and de Klerk received Nobel Peace Prizes for their promotion of democracy in South Africa.

In 1994, the ANC won the country’s first all-race elections and Mandela became President. He consistently urged reconciliation between the races, in spite of his long struggle under white dictatorship. His efforts at reconciliation culminated in May 1995 with the approval of a new South African constitution that prohibited discrimination against the country’s minorities, including whites. He retired in 1999, having achieved his goal.

1

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B

58 Unit7

Lesson3 The20thcentury

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3 Wordbuilder:strategies for understanding words

a Underlinethefollowingwordsandphrasesinthebiography.Howmanydidyoualreadyknow?Howmanydidyouguessfromcontext?Howmanyareyoustilluncertainabout?

1 expelled(line7) 7 apartheid(line23)2 setup(line8) 8 released(line27)3 YouthLeague(line11) 9 raisefunds(line31)4 tried(line14) 10 armedstruggle(line33)5 acquittal(line15) 11 further(line36)6 sentenced(line17) 12 approval(line51)

b Checkthewordsyouaren’tsureofinadictionary.Whatinformationaboutthemeaningsorusesofthewordsisnewforyou?

4 Grammarbuilder:past time clauses

a Completethesentenceswithappropriateverbstructures.

1 Whilehe______________(study)atFortHareUniversity, he______________(organize)aboycott.

2 Whenthetrial______________(end),he______________(form) theANC’smilitarywing.

3 He______________(follow)politicaleventsallthetimewhile he______________(serve)hislongprisonsentence.

4 Afterhe______________(consult)withtheANCleadership, he______________(go)onaworldtour.

b Checkinpairs.Whyhaveyouusedpastsimple,pastprogressive,orpastperfectineachcase?Aretheresometimesdifferentoptions?Wouldyouusesimilarstructuresinyourlanguage?

c Completethesesentenceswithinformationaboutyourself.Thentradethemwithapartnerandaskandanswerquestionsabouteachother’spast.

1 WhenI_______________________,I______________________.

2 WhileI______________________,I______________________.

3 AfterI_______________________,I______________________.

JosephStalinJohnF.Kennedy

MohammadYunus

5Speaking,writing, andreadinga Matcheachofthesepeople

tothecorrectbiographicaldetail.

b Inpairs,chooseoneofthepeopletowriteabout.UseanencyclopediaortheInternettogetmoreinformationabouttheperson.Don’tsharethisinformationwithyourpartner.

c Writebetween120and180wordsaboutthisperson.Thentradeyourbiographiesandcheckwhichdetailsyouhaveorhaven’tincluded.Talkaboutsimilaritiesanddifferences.

Learning tip

Makevocabularylearningahighpriority;itisveryimportant.Trytorememberwordsthatgotogether: Hewasexpelled from…the university. Heset up…a law firm. Hewassentenced to…life in prison. Hewasreleased from…prison.

Whichwordsfromexercise3awouldyouwanttolearn?

• born May 29, 1917

• assassinated in Dallas, Texas

• 35th President

• born in 1879

• general secretary of the Soviet

Communist Party

• introduced new economic policies

in the 1920s

• born in 1940

• famous for giving small loans to

very poor people

• awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

in 2006

59


Unit7

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1 Conferences,conventions,congresses…

Whatever they’re called, professional gatherings, often in good hotels in attractive cities or resorts, became a part of many people’s working lives in the last half of the 20th century. The reasons why people attend these meetings vary: as speakers or exhibitors, for professional development, as a reward for good work, to escape from routine work. Whatever their reason for attending, most conference-goers manage to combine some tourism with business.

The question is “How best to combine business and tourism?” The photographs show people at the Convention of Cultural and Educational Television in Italy, some taking advantage of the convention itself, others not. How might you organize your time at that convention, with daily sessions from 8:00 to 1:00 and 3:00 to 6:30?

2 Followingtheprogram

Herearetwosummariesfromtheconventionprogram.Doyouknowanythingabouttelevisionforsecondaryschoolprograms,orabouttelevisionorradioprogramsthatteachlanguages?Inpairs,talkaboutwhichpresentationyouwouldgotoandwhy.

SATURDAY, MARCH 21 9:15–10:45 a.m. ■ Secondary education by television Room 2

This talk will look at how secondary education is provided via television to isolated or under-resourced communities in several different countries. In South Africa, this includes rural and poor urban communities. First, systems will be described and samples of television material shown. Then the advantages and disadvantages of different systems will be discussed. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn – that each system should suit the situation in which it is used.

Neil Matutu is an educational television producer in South Africa.

■ Language in the real world Room 5

Some programs that introduce a foreign language in a realistic environment have proved very popular, even to younger viewers. For instance a recent ‘Learn Spanish’ series, in which an English presenter has to negotiate his way round restaurants, shops and museums in an unfamiliar Spanish town was very highly rated. The viewers learn the language along with the presenter and, with the help of an accompanying work book and CD, many found that they made more progress than in a traditional classroom.

Chris Herle was a presenter in the Spanish programs and Jim Bateman one of the ‘students’.

60 Unit7

Lesson4 The20thcenturyLesson

4 Language for life: conference-going

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3 Makingacontribution

Herearesomepossibletopicsfortalksatthisconference(7thConventionofCulturalandEducationalTelevision).Areyouparticularlyinterestedinanyofthesetopics?Why?/Whynot?

You’ve probably never given a talk at a conference, but you may one day – and perhaps even in English. (Most international conferences use English.) So, once again, a little practice can do no harm.• Find two or three people interested in the same

topic as you – one of those listed, or one you think of.

• Brainstorm ideas for the talk and write some notes.

• Write a summary of about 100 words – topic, main ideas to be presented, general conclusion.

• Give the talk a title.• Put your summary on the board with other

groups’ descriptions to form a conference program.

Readthesummariesanddiscusswhichtalksyouwouldbeinterestedinattending,andwhy.

4 Theconferencereception

No conference is complete without a reception. It’s the ideal opportunity to get to know new people, and, at an international conference, that means people from different countries. Imagine that you work in television or education. Decide:

• the country you are from• your name• your age, etc.• your specific work (e.g. teacher, TV director,

writer, educational psychologist)• your travel plans (remember, the conference is in

Italy – are you going straight home afterwards, or are you going to travel around Europe for a while?)

Then … join the reception!

Publicannouncementscanbedifficulttounderstand,especiallyifyou’reanon-nativespeakerofEnglish,asmanyinternationalconference-goersare.Alittlepracticecandonoharm,solistentothisannouncementaboutchangestotheprogramatthestartoftheSaturdaysessionoftheconvention.Makeanoteofanychangesyouhear.

■ Negative television: bad role models, violence, etc.

■ Documentaries: education and entertainment combined

■ Local culture versus globalization

■ Exporting culture: presenting marketable aspects of your country’s culture to the world

61


Unit7

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1 Speakinga Inpairs,talkaboutwhatyouthinkarethe

differencesbetweenMarriam'sandLaura’slifestyles.Explainwhichlifestyleismorelikeyourown.

b Whichoftheitemsbelowwouldyouconsidertobeessential(1),useful(2),orunnecessary(3)foryourhome?Write1,2,or3.Discussyouranswersingroupsofthreeandgivereasonsforyouranswers.

communication•cellphone•land-linephone •homecomputer•laptop•electronicorganizer

domesticappliances•microwave •dishwasher•washingmachine

2 Speakingandreadinga Whichofthefeaturesbelowdoyouexpectto

findinmanycarsby2050?

satellite-guidednavigationsystem non-gasolineengine crashpreventionradar topspeedof300kph abilitytofly automaticpilot computerjoystickforsteering

b Readthearticleoppositeandcheck(✔)whichfeaturesabovearementioned.

c Readthearticleagainandanswerthesequestions.

1 Wheredoestheelectricityforthehouseand carcomefrom?2 Whatdoesthecarhaveinsteadofasteering wheelandpedals?3 Whyisitalmostimpossibletocrashthecar?4 Whathappensifthedriverbecomessleepy?5 Howcanthecarreachadestinationifthe driverissleeping?6 Whichfeatureshavealreadybeentriedout?

Marriam Laura

Unit 8 People and technology

62 Unit8

Living with machines1

9780230405400_text.indb 62 01/05/2012 14:38

You settle into the driver’s seat and grasp the joystick (steering wheels and pedals are history). All movements of the car – accelerating, turning, braking – are controlled by a joystick familiar to anyone brought up on computer games. You drive in traffic, whatever the weather, with absolute confidence. Your car is programmed with radar to sense a crash whenever it’s about to happen and activate the brakes.An alarm sounds. The sensor in the instrument panel has checked the pupils of your eyes and decided you are getting sleepy. You pull over into the “sleep lane.” You lay a course on your satellite-guided navigation system, climb into the back seat for a nap, and let the autopilot take you

wherever you want to go. The car, reading computer chips in the road, takes over the driving.It might be difficult to take in all these technical details, but it’s not science fiction. Automakers are spending billions carrying out research into all these futuristic features. General Motors has tried out an “intelligent highway” in California that allows cars to drive on autopilot. Daimler Chrysler fits prototype cars with joysticks, and many drivers operate them better than steering wheels. Every automaker is rushing to replace the internal combustion engine with fuel cells. Satellite navigation systems are already on the road. Whoever said the age of the automobile was over?

Driven by cars

i t’s 2050, and one American passion has withstood the test

of time: we like to drive. You decide to hit the road. First, you unplug your car from your house. That’s right – your car’s fuel cells (those hydrogen-powered devices) generate enough electricity to power your home and your car.

Driven by cars

4 Speakingandlistening

a Inwhichsituationscanacellphonebeabighelporabignuisance?

b Listentoashortscenedepictingasituation.Ingroups,decidewhereitisandwhathappened.

c Doyouknowofanystoriesconnectedwithcellphones?

3 Wordbuilder:multi-word verbs a Matchthefollowingmulti-wordverbsfromthearticlewith

thewordsorphrasesontheright.

1 carryout(research) a) raise2 bringup(childrenoncomputergames) b) understand3 takein(technicaldetails) c) test4 takeover(thedriving) d) do,perform5 tryout(an“intelligenthighway”) e) takechargeof

b Replacethewordsorphrasesinitalicswithappropriatemulti-wordverbsfromthebox.Useadictionaryifnecessary.

RandolphKenny(1)startedflyingat70.Afterheretired,heboughtaranchand(2)foundanoldCessnainafield.Amechanichelpedhimfixitupwheneverhehadthetime.Thenafriendwhohadbeenapilotcametostayand(3)testedtheplane.Itwasfine.Randolphwentupwithhimand(4)took chargeofthecontrolsseveraltimes.SoonRandolphlearnedhowto(5)leavethe groundandland.He(6)provedtobeanaturalatflying–whateveritisthatmakesagoodpilot.Afterhisfriendleft,Randolph(7)continuedpracticingdaily.Thenhehadamildheartattackanddidnotflyforawhile.Butoncehehad(8)regainedhisstrength,hewasbackintheair.Oneday,hedecidedtoflytohispilotfriend’sranch300kilometersaway.He(9)leftearlyonemorning,buthegotlostinthecloudsandhischestbegantohurt.He(10)toleratedthepain,foundhiswayoutoftheclouds,andmanagedto(11)reachhisownranchagain.He(12)stoppedflyingthatday.

comeacross keepon getback getto giveup putupwith setout takeoff takeover takeup turnout tryout

63

Peopleandtechnology Lesson1

Unit8

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9780230405400_text.indb 63 01/05/2012 14:38

On June 26, 2000, Francis Collins, head of the Human Genome Project, and

Craig Venter, head of Celera Genomics, jointly announced that they had completed the reading of a “rough draft” of the human genome – the complete set of human DNA. This was the beginning of a whole new way of understanding human biology. Whatever we discover from the genome about how our bodies work, it will be infinitely more than everything we knew before.It was also the end to a great detective story. In 1860, Gregor Mendel made the unexpected discovery that inheritance comes in tiny particles called genes. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick made the even more unexpected discovery that those particles are digital messages written along strands of DNA in a four-letter chemical code. In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg and Johann Matthaei cracked the first “word” in that code, revealing how DNA instructs the cell to build proteins. It was then inevitable that one day we would read all the genetic messages that a human body inherits.Of course, the genome announcement was

just a beginning. If the human genome document was compiled in book form it would fill 200 volumes of a 1000-page telephone book – and it would take one person 9.5 years to read it aloud without stopping! The majority of the contents of the document is almost entirely mysterious.Whoever makes sense of large parts of it will become famous. We stand on the shore of a continent of new knowledge.But most people simply hoped it would help cure cancer and speculated about customized medicine, with medicines designed for the individual, not the population. Or they worried about possible spin-offs. For instance, would medical insurance still be available to people known to have high medical risks?

The beginning of real biologyscience journal

1Speaking

Inpairs,discussthesequestions.

1 Onbalance,havescientificdevelopmentsoverthelasthundredyearsbeenbeneficialorharmful?2 Modernmedicinehaslargelytakenoverfromtraditionalcuresandremedies.Isthisagoodorabadthing?

2 Readingandspeakinga Readthearticleandfindthefollowing.

• adefinitionofthehumangenome • therelationshipbetweengenesandDNA• thelengthofthehumangenomedocument

b Readthearticleagainand,inpairs,answerthesequestions.

1 Whenwasthefirstversionofthehumangenomecompleted?2 WhatwasMendel’sgreatdiscovery?3 Whydidn’tthehumangenomehaveimmediateapplicationsafterit

was“read”?4 Nameonepossiblebenefitandonepossibledisadvantagethat

mightarisefromourknowledgeofthehumangenome?

64 Unit8

Lesson2 Peopleandtechnology

Modern science2

Developments in modern medicine have been extraordinary. Illnesses such as diabetes, which were a death sentence a hundred years ago, are now easily treatable.

But the same science that has benefited humanity has also led to the development of very much less beneficial phenomena – for instance, nuclear bombs, pollution and global warming.

9780230405400_text.indb 64 01/05/2012 14:38

4 Listeningandspeakinga Animportantsubjectfordebatenowadaysisthe

subjectofnuclearenergy.Listentotwoyoungpeopletalkingaboutnuclearenergy.Whoismorepositiveaboutitandwhoismorenegative,FredorJack?

b Listenagainandcompletethesenotes.

c Ingroups,discussFred’sandJack’sargumentsandyourownideasaboutnuclearandotherformsofenergyproduction.

5 Writing,reading,andspeakinga Copythefollowingtableintoyournotebook.In

groups,writetwoormoreideasforeachside.

b Readanddiscusstheideas.Thenvotefororagainstthefreedevelopmentofnuclearenergyproduction.

c Usethenotesandtheparagraphoutlinebelowtowriteanessayaboutnuclearenergy.

OutlineParagraph1:introducethesubject–briefexplanationofwhatgeneticengineeringisParagraph2:argumentsinfavorParagraph3:argumentsagainstParagraph4:conclusion–personalopinion

Yourteacherwillgiveyouressayanumber(sodon’twriteyourname!)andputalltheessaysonthewall.Readalltheessaysandvoteforthebestone.

3 Grammarbuilder:whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever

a Completethesesentenceswithwhoever, whatever, whenever,or wherever.

1 Ifeelabsolutelyamazed__________________Ireadaboutmodernscienceandtechnology.

2 __________________makessenseofthegenomewillbecomefamous.3 Idon’tthinkwe’llevercompletelyeliminatedisease,_________________

somescientistssay.4 __________________yougointheworldnowadays,youcanseethe

benefitsofmodernmedicine.

b Completethesentencesbelowwithyourownideas.Thencomparethemingroups.

1 Whenever_______________________,Ifeelreallyhappy.2 Whoeverthoughtof_______________________wasagenius.3 Ialwaystake_______________________whereverIgo.4 Whateveryoudo,never_______________________.5 Iwilleternallyadmirewhoever_______________________.

Advantagesofnuclearenergy.

Itdoesn’tproducegreenhouse(1)___________.Itcansupplytheworldwithallit’s(2)___________needs.

Disadvantagesofnuclearenergy.

Ifisotopesescapestheycanbevery(3)___________andkillalargeproportionofthepopulation,andthe(4)___________fromanuclearreactorremains(5)___________foraverylongtime.

Don’tplaywithdanger

If nuclear energy went wrong it would create serious disasters.

Letsciencehelpus

Going nuclear will provide the whole planet – rich and poor – with energy.

Language assistant

Thesewh-everwordsmean“Itdoesnotmatterwho/what/when/where.”“Whenever”canoftenbeexpressedas“always…when,”e.g.“IenjoymyselfwheneverItravel”means“IalwaysenjoymyselfwhenItravel.”

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Unit8

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1 Speaking Listalltheelectricalor

electronicdevicesyouturnedonyesterday,e.g.thelight,theradio,themicrowaveoven.Ingroups,compareanddiscussyourlists.Talkabouthowdependentyouareonthesedevicesandwhichonesyoucouldn’tmanagewithout.

Technology dependence and risks3

comeacross(anoldphotograph) fixup(amachine) getover(anillness) lookfor(abook)lookup(aword) puton(ahat) runinto(afriend) standfor(aterm)turnon/off(thelight) takeafter(yourmother) takeover(ajob) tryout(acar)

2 Grammarbuilder:word order with multi-word verbs

a Inpairs,decidewhetherthemulti-wordverbsintheboxareseparableornon-separable.Thenwritetheverbsontheappropriatelinebelow.Lookwordsupinadictionaryifnecessary.

b Lookatthemulti-wordverbsandtheirobjectsunderlinedinthesentencesbelow.Matchthethreebasicrulesformulti-wordverbstotheexamples,1,2,and3.

(nounobject) (nounobject)1 She turnedonthelights whenshearrived.Whensheleftsheforgottoturnthelightsoff.

(pronounobject) (pronounobject)2 AfterwecomplainedaboutthevolumeoftheTV,heturneditdown,buthesoonturneditupagain.

(nounobject) (pronounobject)3 IfinallyranintoMaryBrownthismorning. Iwas lookingforheralldayyesterday.

A Theobjects(nounorpronoun)ofnon-separableverbsalwaysgoafterthemulti-wordverb. ____________B Nounobjectsofseparableverbscangoafterthemulti-wordverborinthemiddleofit.________________C Pronounobjectsofseparableverbsalwaysgointhemiddleofthemulti-wordverb.___________________

Non-separable:come across, ______________________________________________________________________________________________Separable:fix up, ____________________________________________________________________________________

66 Unit8

Lesson3 Peopleandtechnology

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The 1977 blackout was caused by

(1) __________ damaging power lines. A previous

blackout had occurred in (2) __________, during

which people managed to remain (3) __________.

This time, (4) __________ were started and

merchandise was stolen. Police arrested

(5) __________ people, and it was estimated

that (6) __________ of damage had been caused.

a Listentothesesentences.Noticethatnounobjectsarefrequentlystressed,butwithpronounobjects,theadverbparticle(e.g.on,off)isusuallystressed.

1 Sheturnedthelightson.Whensheleft,sheforgottoturnthemoff.

2 Anoisewokemeup.Itwasmywifeputtingthecatout.

3 Pronunciation:stress with separable multi-word verbs

b Practicesayingthesentencesinexercise3aandthesentencesbelow.Underlinethestressedwords;thenlistenandcheck.

1 Iaskedhimtoturnthevolumedown.Later,heturneditupagain.

2 Whydon’tyoutrythejobout?Ifyou’reOK,youcouldtakeitovernextmonth.

c Writethewordsandphrasesinanappropriateorder.

1 inafield/across/anoldplane/came/he2 up/amechanic/helped/him/it/fix3 was/adventurous/hisfather/and/he/after/

him/took4 out/apilotfriend/theplane/tried5 stands/theacronym/"kilometersperhour"/

for/kph

Language assistant

Somemulti-wordverbswithobjectsareseparable:Sheturned offthe radioorSheturned the radio off.Othersarenon-separable.Shelooked forthe magazine(notShelookedthe magazine for).Othermulti-wordverbsdonothaveanobject:The light went off.

4 Speaking,listening,andwritinga LookatthephotographofNewYorkonenight

in1977.Whatdoyouthinkishappening?Why?

b Listentothenewsitemandcheckyourideas.Whatotherproblemsdoyouthinktherewere,forexampleinhospitals?

c Listenagain.Thistime,completethenotesaboutthedetailsoftheNewYorkblackout.

d Ingroups,chooseoneofthefollowingscenarios.Prepareapresentationontheprobabilityoftheproblemactuallyoccurringandthepossibleconsequences.Giveyourpresentationsgroupbygroup.

• CollapseoftheInternet,e.g.becauseofapowerfulvirusortechnicalproblems.

• Anextendedtrafficandfactoryshut-downinamajorcitybecauseofmassiveairpollution.

• Theexplosionofanatomicpowerplant.

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Unit8

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9780230405400_text.indb 67 01/05/2012 14:38

1 Howdotheelderlymanagenowadays?

Couldyou… Yes,now No,never Maybe,with

training

1 …changeanelectricfuse?

2 …changethetireofacar?

3 …programawashingmachine?

4 …writeadocumentonacomputerandprintitout?

5 …downloadaprogramfromtheInternet?

6 …programaVCR/DVDplayertorecordaprogramwhileyouareout?

Scoring: “Yes,now”=3points “No,never”=0points “Maybe,withtraining”=1point

11–18points:Welldone!You’reatechnologicalgenius!5–10points:You’llbeOKwithalittlehelp.0–4points:Ohno!Howdoyoucopeinthistechnicalworld?

Can elderly people wash their clothes in a multi-function washing machine or install a new computer program? Can you? In this modern world of ours, we continually have to deal with basic and advanced technology.

Check how technologically competent you are or could be by answering the questionnaire below.

Compare your score with other people’s. Who is the most and least technologically competent?

Do those of you with low technological competence have other abilities or qualities? Perhaps you are creative (e.g. painting, writing, cooking, sewing) or you are outgoing (e.g. conversation, jokes, sports)?

68 Unit8

Lesson4 PeopleandtechnologyLesson

4 Language for life: technology surveys

9780230405400_text.indb 68 01/05/2012 14:38

2 Technologyspread

Thedevelopmentanduseoftechnologyhavebeenacceleratingforalongtime.Herearefiguresforthetimeittooknewtechnologiestoreach50millionusers:

•radio:38years•television:13years•personalcomputers:16years•WorldWideWeb:4years

Note:Theextrathreeyearsforpersonalcomputerscomparedwithtelevisionwasbecauseofthehighercostoftheequipmentandthegreaterskillneededtooperateit.

Whydoyouthinkthemassuseoftechnologyisaccelerating?Howdoyoufeelaboutthisacceleration?Thetechnologicaldividebetweendifferentcountriesisenormous.HerearefiguresforthenumberofpeoplewithInternetaccessbyregionforJanuary2005:

•Canada/USA:222million •Europe:230million•Asia:258million •LatinAmerica:56million•Africa:13million

Doyouthinkyourcountryisatthetop,inthemiddle,oratthebottomwithrespecttoInternetaccessandinformationtechnologyingeneral?Trylistingsomethingsthatcanbedonetocatchupwiththetopcountries;considerwhatcanbedoneinschoolsfirst.3 Changeorbeleftbehind

Someorganizationsdevelopcontinuously.Othersstagnateandthenstruggletochangeandsurvive.Whatdoyouthinkofthesecompanyoffices?Doesthiscompanylooklikeasurvivor?Doitsofficeslooklikethecompanyofficesyouknow?

ListentoMartintalkingaboutthiscompany,whereheworks.Haveyouexperiencedanythingsimilar,orheardanyonetalkaboutanythingsimilar?

Whatabouttheofficesofcompanies,educationalinstitutions,andgovernmentagenciesinyourcityordistrict?Doyouknowanymodernofficeslikethese?Orany“antique”oneslikeMartin'ssaidDaltonsusedtohave?Doyouagreewiththestatement“Changeorbeleftbehind”,ordoyoubelievetraditionisgoodeveninbusiness,education,andgovernment?

Ifyouwereinchargeofmodernizinganinstitution,youwouldneedtodoitinsteps.Thefirststepwouldprobablybetomakeananalysisofthepresentsituation:thegoodaspects(ifany)andbadaspects.Thenyouwouldhavetoconsidertheneedsoftheinstitution,theresourcesavailable,andsoon,andmakeaproposalforchange,i.e.thingsyouwouldkeepandthingsyouwouldchange.

Justforpractice(incaseyouactuallyfacethissituationoneday!),thinkofaninstitutionyouknowthatneedsmodernizingandwriteabriefsituationanalysisandproposalforchanges.Rememberthesteps:

1 Describetheinstitutionanditsfunction(e.g.BrentwoodHighSchoolwasbuiltinthe1980s...Itcurrentlyhas…)

2 Goodaspects(e.g.Theclassroomshavelotsofspaceandlight.They…)

3 Badaspects(e.g.Thefurnitureandequipmentisveryold.Some…)

4 Proposedchanges(e.g.Weshouldkeepthebasiclayout,butthewallsshouldbepainted…)

Presentyouranalysistotherestofthegroup.Inviteyouraudiencememberstoaskquestionsaboutyourproposedchangesandtoofferanysuggestionsoftheirownforfurtherimprovements.

4 Situationanalysisandproposal

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The real thing1

2 Speakingandreadinga Thewordsontheleftappearinthearticleon

page71.Matchthewordsfromthearticlewiththeircorrectmeaningontheright.Useadictionarytohelpyou.

1 fake/counterfeit a) trademark2 trade b) income3 legitimate c) commerce4 revenue d) tax5 brand e) honest,legal6 surcharge f ) false

b Lookatthesummaries.Readthearticlequicklyandmatchonesummarytoeachparagraph.

A Cheaperpricesmakeillegalcopiesattractiveforconsumers.

B Majorcompanieslosebillionsworldwidebecauseofcounterfeitgoods.

C Salesoffakeproductsreducegovernmentincome.

c Readthearticleagainandanswerthequestions.

1 Whoarethelosersincounterfeitproduction?2 Whoarethewinnersinthissituation?3 Whichstatisticssurprisedyouthemost?

1 Speakinga Lookatthedifferentitems.Arethere

anywell-knownbrandnamesthatyouassociatewiththeseitems?Whatdoyouthinkoforiginalitemslikethese,whichusuallyhavethebrandnameonthem?

b Canyoubuyfakeversionsoftheseoranyotherwell-knownbrandsinyourcountry?Whatarethemostcommonfakeproductsandwherearetheysold?

Unit 9 Global versus local

70 Unit9

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Every year, millions of dollars are exchanged worldwide for fakes – fake perfume, clothes, medicine, and computer software. Counterfeit

goods account for about 7% of total trade across the globe. And who gains? Certainly not, for example, governments that are unable to collect revenue from indirect taxes and customs surcharge on legitimate sales.

Nowhere is the problem more acute than in China. Over 30% of sales on the mainland are estimated to be counterfeit. In India, counterfeit products account for 10% of the revenue for the entire health sector. Five out of six Yamaha bikes sold worldwide are not the real thing. Nike, the brand that tells you to “just do it,” loses $70 million annually to the menace of counterfeit brands and products. Identical copies cost Gillette

$20 million a year, but that’s nothing compared to the staggering $150 million lost in a year in China alone by Proctor and Gamble.

Sometimes consumers prefer to buy an illegal copy of a DVD, CD-ROM, CD, or software package because it costs less. In Russia, for example, copies of Microsoft’s Windows XP program sell for just 1% of the list price. Unfortunately, many people do not realize that they are buying a copy instead of the genuine article.

In addition, Islam forbids cheating and deception (pretending to be someone else or the words or products of someone else). This includes copying, as you are intentionally misleading others, which goes against the values of honesty and fairness.

– a worLd of copycaTs1

2

3

4

FAKESFAKES

3 Listeninga Listentoaradioreport

aboutapoliceraid.WhatdidthepolicesuspectJenkinsofdoing?

b Listenagainandcompletethepolicereportonthecrime.

PersonchargedName: JenkinsGender:

Age:

Occupation:

Townofresidence:

CrimereportCrime

Location:warehouse inTypeofcrime: conspiracy tosupply goodsDetailsofcrime:Jenkins made and sold them by and at . Police confiscated counterfeit software and DVDs.

4 Pronunciation:/eI/, /e/, /aI/

a Listentothesewordsfromthereport.

raid/eI/ fairs/e/ live/aI/

b Saythesewordsandwritetheminthecorrectcolumn.Thenlistenandcheck.

raid fair live

c Addtwomoreone-syllablewordstoeachcolumn.Thenworkinpairstosaythewords.Yourpartnershouldwritethewordsinthechart.

5 SpeakingIngroups,discussthesequestions.Choosesomeoneinyourgrouptotakenotesandsomeonetoreportbacktotherestoftheclassaboutyourdiscussion.

1 Inyourcountry,isitcommonforpeopletobuycounterfeitproducts?Doyouthinkthisisacceptable?

2 Isthereanythingthegovernmentorpolicecandotostoptheillegaltradeincounterfeitgoods?

stairs shine mail rain hair mine buy care game

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Globalversuslocal Lesson1

Unit9

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9780230405400_text.indb 71 01/05/2012 14:38

International and local food21 Speakingandwriting Makealistofallthedifferenttypesoffastfoodinyourcountry,e.g.burgers.

Findoutwhicharethetwomostpopularfastfoodsinyourclass.

2 Wordbuilder:food

a Lookatthelistoffooditemsandputtheminthecorrectcolumninthechart.

chicken basil beef wheat onion pomegranates pepper peaches yogurt carrots gingerapples barley olives melon cheese cinnamon grapes lamb garlic milk oats

herbs&spices fruit vegetables cereal meat&poultry dairy

b Workingroupsandtrytoanswerthesequestions.

1 Writeavegetarianmenuforadinnerparty. Whatfoodscanyounotinclude?2 WhatfoodsdoJapanesepeopleeat? WhatfoodsdoAmericanpeopleeat?3 Whatfruitandvegetablesareinseasonat themomentinyourcountry?4 Whatisyourfavoritefood?Isthereanyfood youcannoteat?Ifso,whatandwhynot?

3 Readingandwritinga Lookatthephotographs(right andonpage73)

offood.Canyounamethefoodsinthephotographs?Readthearticlesandcheckyouranswers.

b Readthetextsandfindwordsorphrasesthatmeanthesameasthesedefinitions.

1 food,cookery _____________________________

2 anexpertinaparticularjob_________________

3 different,remarkable _______________________

4 theremainsofafire________________________

5 regular,basic ______________________________

6 only______________________________________

7 sticksusedforeating_______________________

Saudi Arabian cuisine

Saudi Arabia is well known for its

variety of traditional dishes. Most contain meat, rice, vegetables and, of course, the spices that produce the food’s distinctive flavor. Meat is cooked in many different ways. A popular method is called Al-Mandi. Al-Mandi is an ancient technique, and it involves barbecueing a lamb or chicken in a deep hole in the ground. Another culinary technique is Al-Mathbi. Here, spiced chicken or lamb is grilled on flat stones which have been placed on hot ashes. Al-Kabsa is one of the Saudi Arabia’s most popular dishes. It is made of spiced meat or chicken cooked in a pot with rice. It is usually accompanied by salad dishes and is considered a staple part of the diet throughout the Kingdom. Saudis are by nature sociable people, and there is nothing they enjoy more than visiting their friends’ houses for a traditional feast.

72 Unit9

Lesson2 Globalversuslocal

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BeijingDuck

The Chinese take their duck very

seriously. In restaurants they have a specialist duck chef whose sole job is to cook the birds and a specialist waiter whose job is to serve it. The Chinese eat duck in many different ways, but the most famous dish is probably Beijing Duck. Before roasting, air is blown under the duck’s skin – this makes it cook very crisply. Then the whole roast duck is brought to the table where the waiter, with incredible speed, carves it into 108 bite-size morsels. The customer spreads sweet, fruity hoisin sauce onto a small pancake, places pieces of duck on the sauce with chopsticks, tops with sliced cucumber and onion. He then rolls the pancake up and… that’s Beijing duck!

4 Grammarbuilder:noun phrases: ’s / s’ possessive and nouns qualifying nouns

a Ingroups,lookattheexamplesofnounsandanswerthesequestions.

• Howwouldyouexpressthesethreetypesofphrasesinyourlanguage?

• Whichtypeofphraseusuallyindicates“possession”ora“personalrelationship”?

• Whatisthedifferenceinmeaningbetweennoun+‘s+nounandnoun+s’+noun,e.g. the girl’s school /the girls’ school?

1 theduck’sskin thefood’sflavor John’scar thestudent’sbooks

2 saladdishes duckchefBeijingduck afoodhistorian

3 theirfriends’houses myfather'scar thegirls’school thestudents'books

b Readthesentencesbelowandinsertapostropheswhereappropriate.Whenyouhavefinished,compareyouranswerswiththoseofapartner.

1 Sallyshusbandistheprincipalofthelocalboysschool.Hehasbeenteachingtheboysthereforthelasttenyears.

2 ThechildrenshomeworkwillbehandedinduringThursday'slesson.

3 Myfamilyshouseisnearthecoast,butourfriendsliveupinthemountains.

4 SaraandLucyareDanstwindaughters.Thegirlsareexcited.Theyaregoingtospendsummervacationattheirgrandparentshousethisyear.

5 Writinga Afoodandrestaurantguideisbeingprepared

foryourtown/city.Decidewhichfoodorrestaurantyouwouldliketodescribe.Thenbrainstormideasandwritedownsomenotes.

b Usingthenotesyouhavemade,completeyourparagraph.

Language assistant

Noun+‘s+nounisnormallyusedonlywithpeopleandanimals.

Noun+s’+nounisusedwithpluralnounsthatendins.

Noun+nounisnormallyusedwiththings,places,materials/ingredients,andideas.

Note:Noun+‘s+nounisalsousedwithpluralirregularnouns:the children’s teacher,the men’s clothes

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1 Speakinga Inpairs,talkaboutwhyyouthinkitisimportanttostudythe

Englishlanguage.

b WritealistofalltheareasinwhichitwouldbeusefultocommunicateinEnglish

c Compareyourlistwithanotherpair.

2 Listeningandspeakinga Listentoaconversationabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesof

havingEnglishasthe“worldlanguage”.IsTominfavorof,oragainst,culturaldiversity?

b Listenagain,andcheck(✔)theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofEnglishasaworldlanguagethatyouhearmentioned.

1 Itmakesbusinessquickerandmoreefficient.2 Itsavesmoneyontranslators.3 It’susefulwhenyou’retraveling.4 Ittendstomakeallculturesmoresimilar.5 Itallowspeopletounderstandeachother’scultures.6 Youcanorderamealinaforeignrestaurant.

c Whodoyouagreewith,TomorJohan?Insmallgroupsgiveyourreasons.

3 Communicating with the world

Spoken as a first language by approximately 380 million native

speakers, English is one of the most widely spoken and written languages in the world. Add to this the approximate one billion people who speak English as a second or foreign language, and you can see that English has a powerful claim to be considered the “world language”.

This has been reinforced by the global influence of English in the arts, broadcasting, science, and now the Internet.

Everywhere you go in the world you are likely to find someone who can speak English. In the event of a problem in a foreign country, no-one who can speak English will find themselves

unable to communicate with somebody, sooner or later.

Because a working knowledge of English is required in so many fields and occupations, many education ministries around the world require the teaching of English so that everybody can communicate in the language, at least to a basic level.

And are you aware of these facts about the language you are studying?

• Three-quarters of the world's written mail and faxes is in English.

• More than 50% of the world's technical and scientific journals are in English. 80% of the information stored on the world's computers is in English.

• The main language used

throughout the world on the internet is English.

• English is the international language of navigation and aviation.

• 40% of the world’s radio programs are broadcast in English.

• The country with the largest number of people who can speak and understand English (as a first or second language) is India.

• In the United Nations, after English, the most commonly used languages are French, Spanish, and Arabic.

A world language – the facts

74 Unit9

Lesson3 Globalversuslocal

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9780230405400_text.indb 74 01/05/2012 14:38

3 Speakingandreadinga Inpairs,guesstheanswerstothesequestions.

1 Whatpercentage(%)oftheworld’sscientificandtechnicalmagazinesisinEnglish?

2 InwhichcountryisEnglishmostwidelyunderstood?

3 WhatarethefourmostcommonlyusedlanguagesintheUnitedNations?

b Readthearticleandcheckyourguesses.

c Readthearticleagain.Findwordsorphrasesthatmean:

1 about____________________________________ 2 someonewhospeaksalanguagefrom

childhood________________________________ 3 increased,strengthened____________________ 4 governmentdepartments__________________ 5 magazines _______________________________ 6 shippingandflying________________________

4 Grammarbuilder:indefinite pronouns

a Lookattheseexamplesofindefinitepronouns.Howcouldyourephrasethewordsinbold?Howdoyouexpressthesameideasinyourownlanguage?

1 Everywhere you go in the world you are likely to find someone who can speak English.2 No one who can speak English will find themselves unable to communicate.3 Everybody can communicate in the language at least to a basic level.

b Completethechartwithindefinitepronouns.

People Things Places

every- everyone, everybody everywhere

some- something

any- anywhere

no- no one, nobody

Language assistantc Completethesentenceswiththecorrectindefinitepronoun.

1 Has_____________________seenmycup?

2 Irangthedoorbell,but__________________ answered.

3 ______________________iswrongwiththis computer.Themonitorisblank.

4 Thesedayscellphonesare_________________.

5 It’srainingsohardIcan’tsee_______________.

6 Thefootballgamewasgood,buttherewashardly ______________________there.

Indefinitepronounsaresingularandtakesingularverbs.However,ineverydayspeechweoftenusethey / theirwhenwedonotknowthegenderofthepersoninvolvedintheaction.

Everyone feels nervous when they take an exam.

Look. Someone left their wallet on the chair.

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Unit9

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2 Choosingafranchise

OK.You’vedecidedtogointothefranchisebusiness.Youhavetocomeupwithabusinessplantoraisemoney.Lookatthelistbelowandlabeleachitem1,2,or3accordingtotheseaspectsofstartingafranchise.

1 = calculatingcostsinvolvedinopeningafranchise

2 = analyzingthepotentialdemandfortheproduct

3 = decidingwheretoputyourfranchise

Sizeofmarket

Amountofinvestmentneeded

Marketgrowth

Locationsforyourstore

Profitabilityofproductorservice

Imageofproductorservice

Ageofcustomers

Competitioninthearea

1 Talkingaboutfranchises

You are thinking about moving into the franchise business. It is one of the fastest-growing market areas in the world, and that means you have to be the best to make it!

Whatdoyouknowaboutfranchises?Checkoutyourknowledgebyreadingthesedefinitions.

Afranchiseisanauthoritythatisgivenbyacompanytosomeone,allowinghimorhertosellitsgoodsorservices.

Inmostcases,afranchiseeneedstopayafranchisefeetousethenameoftheproductorservice,plusfurthersumsfortheinitialinventoryaswellasfurniture,equipment,andstoreconstruction.

Thecompanycontinuestogetaroyaltypercentageongrosssalesandapercentageforpromotion.Inreturn,inmanycasesthecompanywillhelpselectanddesignthestore,planandordertheinitialmerchandise,andprovidetrainingforstaff.

Franchisesarecommoninseveralmajorindustries,suchasfastfood,candy,clothing,sportswear,andcoffeestores.

76 Unit9

Lesson4 GlobalversuslocalLesson

4 Language for life: franchises

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The sale of candy and other confectionery products in the

U.s. is worth $12 billion a year and is growing fast. with the average person earning more, and with increasingly hectic lifestyles, sales of convenient, ready-to-eat foods are at an all-time high. The primary market locations for candy express stores are shopping malls, but airports and transportation terminals, high-profile shopping areas, and amusement parks are also popular locations.

candy express uses creative store designs and colorful presentation of quality chocolate, candy, and gift products. candy is sold at a single per-weight price in a self-serve “pick-n-mix” format.

The company has been in the U.s. market for 14 years and has franchise agreements with many countries worldwide. it has 40 U.s. franchises. average sales rose 8.5% last year. it provides franchisees with

a range of services, which include assistance with site selection, store design and construction, delivery of fixtures and products, on-site training from its 550-page operations manual, store merchandising, and grand opening. There is continuous support to maintain a high level of

sales, both in advertising and the development of new products.

a franchisee typically needs between $175,000 and $195,000 to start, which includes a $35,000 franchise fee, $25,000 for the initial inventory, and the rest for furniture, fixtures, and store construction.

Confectioner

3 Casestudy:CandyExpress

Candy Express is a good example of a franchise. In this case, the product is confectionery. Imagine that you are thinking about buying a franchise from Candy Express. Look through this information on the company and underline anything that will help you make your decision.

4 Opening

You’re convinced! Now, where would be the best place to locate your candy franchise store, and what ideas could you use for a grand opening and eye-catching promotion?

Use the ideas in 2 and 3 to help you produce a short business plan for your store.

5 Raisingthemoney

The big day has come. Your plan is ready, and you are going to present it to your bank. If it’s good, they’ll lend you the money, and a dream will become reality. Good luck with the presentation!

CandyExpressCandyExpress

77


Unit9

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78

Irregularverbs

Irregular verbs

Infinitive Pastsimple Participle

be was/were been

become became become

begin began begun

break broke broken

build built built

buy bought bought

can could –

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

come came come

cost cost cost

deal dealt dealt

do did done

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feel felt felt

find found found

fly flew flown

forget forgot forgotten

get got gotten

give gave given

go went gone

grow grew grown

have had had

hear heard heard

hit hit hit

keep kept kept

know knew known

leave left left

Infinitive Pastsimple Participle

lend lent lent

let let let

lose lost lost

make made made

mean meant meant

meet met met

pay paid paid

put put put

read read read

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

sell sold sold

send sent sent

show showed shown

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

sit sat sat

speak spoke spoken

spend spent spent

steal stole stolen

take took taken

teach taught taught

tell told told

think thought thought

throw threw thrown

understand understood understood

wear wore worn

win won won

write wrote written

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Pronunciation

79

Pronunciation

Vowels

/i/ eat

/I/ sit

/eI/ wait

/e/ get

/œ/ hat

/aI/ write

/ø/ but

/u/ food

/U/ good

/oU/ go

/O/ saw

/A/ hot

/aU/ cow

/OI/ boy

/‰r/ her

/´/ sofa

Consonants

/b/ bat

/k/ cat

/tS/ chair

/d/ dad

/f/ fat

/g/ girl

/h/ hat

/dZ/ July

/l/ like

/m/ man

/n/ new

/p/ pet

/kw/ queen

/r/ run

/s/ see

/S/ shirt

/t/ talk

/D/ the

/∏/ thin

/v/ voice

/w/ where

/j/ you

/N/ ring(asfinalsound)

/z/ zoo

The alphabet

/eI/ /i/ /e/ /aI/ /oU/ /u/ /Ar/

Aa Bb Ff Ii Oo Qq Rr

Hh Cc Ll Yy Uu

Jj Dd Mm Ww

Kk Ee Nn

Gg Ss

Pp Xx

Tt

Vv

Zz

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80

Learnertraining

Learner trainingA1Vocabulary:beingagoodlearner–knowingaword Knowing a word means being able to:

• useitinasentence–knowingthewordsitgoestogetherwith

• pronounce/stressitcorrectly

• understandthedifferencebetweenthiswordandothersimilarones.

Youwillseefromthisbookthattherearedifferentwaysoforganizingnewwords.

Thesearedesignedtohelpyourememberthewordsandimportantinformationaboutthem.Youshould

haveaseparatevocabularynotebookwhereyouwritenewwordsandimportantinformationaboutthem.

2WordbuildingItcanbeusefultonoticepatternsacrossdifferenttypesofword(wordclass):

discuss – discussion

Task1

Completethetable.

3CollocationInthisbookyouhaveseenexercisesoncollocation–wordsthatgotogether.

Thisappliestoallkindsofwords:

You play tennis.(verb+noun)a rainy day(adjective+noun) You speak English fluently.(verb+adverb)

Writedowncollocationswhenyoulearnnewwords.

Task2

Matchthewordsfromeachcolumntomakeacollocation.

1 strong a)story

2 make b) coffee

3 loyal c) friend

4 native d) need

5 desperately e) speaker

6 true f ) anerror

Noun Verb adjective Negativeadjectivedecision __________________ __________________ indecisive

__________________ toappreciate __________________ __________________

__________________ __________________ polluting __________________

Noticethat:

• nounsmaybeformedfromverbsbyaddingsuffixes:sion/tion,etc.

• negativeprefixesarecommoninEnglish:in/un/im,etc.

• prefixestendtoaffectmeaning,suffixestendtoaffectwordclass.

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81

Learnertraining

4ConnotationNowthatyourvocabularyhasgrown,youhavemorewordsforthesamethings.Oftenthereisa

differencebetweenthewords:connotationistheimpressionawordgivesapartfromitsessential

meaning.Thewordsinparenthesesbelowexpresstheconnotationoftheexamples:

a guy: a man(informal)

an adult: a grown up(thisisthewordthatisoftenusedbychildren)

Itisimportanttorecordthiskindofinformationwithnewwordssothatyoucanusethem.

Task3

Matchthewordsthataresimilarinmeaning.

1 sibling a)tobecomemore/goup

2 totolerate b)so

3 therefore c)nervous

4 toincrease d)tosayno

5 torefuse e)toputupwith

6 apprehensive f )brotherorsister

Whichcolumnhastheformalwords,whichtheinformal?

Task4

Writesentencestoshowthedifferenceinconnotationbetweenthefollowingwordpairs.Useyourdictionaryifyouwantto.

to inquire – to ask

mom – mother

• NoticethatLatinatewordstendtobemoreformal.

answersWordbuildingTask1

NounVerbadjectiveNegativeadjectivedecisiontodecidedecisiveindecisiveappreciationtoappreciateappreciativeunappreciativepollutiontopollutepollutingnon-polluting

CollocationTask22makeanerror3loyalfriend4nativespeaker5desperatelyneed6truestory

ConnotationTask31sibling:brotherorsister2totolerate:toputupwith3therefore:so4toincrease:tobecomemore/goup5torefuse:tosayno6apprehensive:nervousThefirstcolumnhastheformalwords.

Task4Suggestedanswers:He inquired about the train times. She asked her friend if she was free that evening. I’m taking my mom some flowers. A mother falcon protects and feeds her young.

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82

Spellingrules

Spelling rulesB Rule 1:Spellingofpluralendings

• Wordsendinginch,sh,s,xorz:addes. Thisisoftenpronounced/Iz/: bus – buses

• Somewordsendinginoaddes,otherssimplyadds. tomato – tomatoes, potato – potatoes, radio – radios

• Wordsendinginforfechangestoves. wife – wives

Task1

Writetheplurals.

knife–_______________________ 3hero–_______________________

1 brush–_______________________ 4box–_______________________

2 match–_______________________ 5boss–_______________________

Task2

Correctthetext.

Georgeissuchaheroe.HespentalldayputtingupshelfsinmybedroomsoIcoulddisplaymyphotoes.

Ialsoputsomeboxisupthere.Itlooksgreat.I'mgoingtobuyhimawatcheforathankyoupresente.

Rule 2:Doublingofconsonants• Wordsofonesyllableendinginonevowelandoneconsonantdoubletheconsonantwhenthe

wordgetslonger:put–putting,thin–thinnest,fit–fitted

•Wordsendinginavowel+y,worxdonotdoubleandsimplyaddendings(ing,er,est,ed):play–played,show–showing

•Longerwords(twoormoresyllables)endinginonevowelandoneconsonantdoubleonlywhenthestressisonthelastsyllable:begin–beginning,refer–referring,buttravel–traveling,visit–visiting

Task3

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordinparentheses.

1 He(stay)_______________________foracoffeeafterclassyesterday.

2 Sheisagood(listen)_______________________.

3 Theyare(plan)_______________________asummerwedding.

4 Johnismuch(tall)_______________________thanCarl.

5 He(drop)_______________________thebookonmyfoot.

6 He(show)_______________________uswherewewereonthemap.

knives

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83

Spellingrules

Task4

Correctthetext.Therearetenspellingerrors.

BobhadateriblearguementwithJamesintheoffise.BobtoledhimhewaslazyandJameswasreallyangrie.Itwasveryembarassingbecausetheirmanajerandhissecrataryheardeverything.Jamesisn'tcomingto

worktommorrowandBobisdefinitelyresponsable.

Rule 3:Finalyandi

• Finalyusuallychangestoiwhenthewordgetslonger: easy – easier marry – marriage baby – babies

• Thischangedoesnothappenbeforeendingsstarting withi: try – trying pray – praying

• Nordoesthischangehappeniftheycomes immediatelyafteravowel: stay – stayed buy – buying Note:exceptionsare:say – said, pay – paid

• Finaliechangestoybeforeing lie – lying

Task5

Correctthetext.Therearetenspellingerrors.

IhurryiedtothebankbecauseIhadtopaieabill.WhenIarrivedtheywereclozingthedoors.Iwas

furyousandItriedtopushthedooropencraiying,“Thisisnotgoodbusyness.”“ThisisFridai,”sayedthe

manager.“Enjoiyourweekend.ComebackandtriagainonMonday.”

answers

Task1

2brushes,3matches,4heroes,5boxes,6bosses

Task2

...hero...shelves...photos...boxes...watch...present

Task3

1stayed,2listener,3planning,4taller,5dropped,6showed

Task4

terrible...argument...office...told...angry...embarrassing...manager...secretary...tomorrow...responsible

Task5

...hurried...pay...closing...furious...crying...business...Friday...said...enjoy...try

9780230405400_text.indb 83 01/05/2012 14:39

MacmillanEducationBetweenTownsRoad,Oxford,OX43PPAdivisionofMacmillanPublishersLimitedCompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld

ISBN:9780230405400

Text©MacmillanPublishersLtd2009WrittenbySimonBrewster,PaulDaviesandMickeyRogers(additionalmaterialforWorkbookbyJoAnnMiller)AdditionaltextforthiseditionbyNickMcIverDesignandillustration©MacmillanPublishersLimited2009

PublishedunderlicencefromEditorialMacmillandeMexico,S.A.deC.V.

Firstpublished2009

Allrightsreserved;nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublishers.

TypesetbyZedIllustratedbyPulsarStudios,BeehiveIllustrationLtdCoverdesignbyOliverDesignCoverphotographybyCorbisPublishingmanagement:hyphen

TheauthorsandpublisherswouldliketothanktheForeign&FCOCommonwealthOfficeforpermissiontoreproduceanextractaboutHajjpilgrimsfromwww.fco.gov.uk©CrownCopyright2007.

Theauthorandpublisherswouldliketothankthefollowingforpermissiontoreproducetheirphotographs:

aFP/RiaNovostip47;alamy/RungtipChatadeep18(d),dbiimagesp57,Gkphotographyp49(t),DavidHancockp4(a),RobertHardingPictureLibraryp8(a),WorldReligionPhotosp26;Comstockp49(b);Bananastockpp14(r),69(r);BrandXpp48(l),52(b),64(t);ComStockpp1;Corbis/pp22(l),30(t),34(l),53(cr),70,78,YahyaArhab/epap7B,Bettmannpp54(a&d)and58(b),KevinDodgep38(r),RadnyFarisp76(l),BarryGreggp73,ThomasHartwellp7)a),HeinvandenHeuvel/zefap63(tr),Hulton-DeutschCollectionpp6(t),54(a),LarryLeePhotographyp65,RobertMaassp44,Moodboardp74B,LesWalker/Newsportp53(br),KazuyoshiNomachip6B,Reutersp51(t),JamesSparshattp7(c),StretchPhotography/BlendImagesp74(c),GrahamToobyp8(b),VirgoProductionsp14L,RickWilking/ThierryTronnelp54B,CorbisYellowp74(t);DavidTolleypp8,66;PAPhotos/PHp56t;gettyImagesp7,BruceAyresp21(b),PeterCorrezp50,JoeCornishp40(l),AliHaiderp42,HansPeterMertenp53(tc),RobertoMettifogop15,MJKimp54c,IanKingtonp53(tr),HansNelemanp24,ErinPatriceO’Brienp43,TerryO’Neillp58(c),NASA/HultonArchivep31,PatrickRivierep34(r),TimeandLifePicturesp30(b),RuthTomlinsonp37(t),Smarip64(b),PeterWilsonp77(b);gulfImagespp9,18(a&c),22r,40(c),62;Hémis/PhilippeRenaultp52(c),PawelWysockip42(b);ImageSourcepp52(t),69(l);Imagestatepp32,74(d);JupiterImagespp16(l),38(cr),40(d),60-61,63t,68(l),68(r),69,77(t);MaryevansPhotoLibrary/IllustratedLondonNewsltdp23;NaSaImagep12;Photodiscpp48-49,48(r),60tl;Pixtalp68;RexFeaturesp46;Stockbytepp51(b),66,77;SuperStock/Stockbroker/Purestock16(l),3(b).

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