Flowering Plants

Parts Of The Plant• The root anchors the

plant and absorbs water and minerals from the soil

• The stem supports the plant

• The leaves make food for the plant

• The flower makes seeds

The Flower

• The flower is responsible for reproduction (making more plants)

• The male organs called the stamen• The female organs are called the carpel• The petals attract insects • The sepals protect buds• Flowers emerge in spring and summer,

they grow from a bud

Parts Of A Flower

Carpel

The Stamen

• The stamen is the male organ• It is made up of two parts:1. The filament supports the anther2. The anther makes pollen• Pollen is the male sex cell

The Carpel

• The Carpel is the female organ• It is made up of three parts:1. The Stigma is sticky for pollen to stay on

it2. The Style is where the pollen tube eats

through3. The Ovary contains ovules. This is

where fertilisation takes place

The Carpel

Carpel

Pollination

• Pollen is made on the anther • It has to travel to a stigma • This is called pollination• Some plants attract insects for pollination• Some use the wind• Self pollination is when plants pollinate their

own stigmas• Cross pollination is when other flowers are

pollinated

Insect Pollination

Brightly coloured, large petals attract insects

Nectar can be used to make honey

Attractive scents (smells)

Wind Pollination

Small or no petals

Long stamens hanging outside the flower

No attractive smell

No Nectar

Fertilisation

• This is when pollen fertilises the ovules• This takes place in the ovary

Seeds

• When the pollen tube reaches the ovary it finds an ovule

• The nucleus from the pollen fertilises the nucleus from the ovule

• This fertilises the ovule and makes a seed• The seed grows in the ovary• The flower dies as the seed develops

Seed Dispersal

Seeds have to be dispersed because they cannot grow where their parents are. They need a patch of soil where they do not have to compete for water and sunlight

Wind Dispersal

Dandelion seeds

Hooks

Explosive

When Gorse dries out the pod cracks open and the seeds inside explode outwards

Fruits

The Seeds are on the outside of the strawberry

Germination

• This is when the seed starts to grow into a plant

• It happens when the seed gets three conditions:

1. Water2. Heat3. Oxygen

Photosynthesis

• Plants can make their own food• This is called photosynthesis• Carbon Dioxide  + water + light energy     Glucose   +  Oxygen

• Leaves have chloroplasts that soaks up sunlight

The Starch Test• Leaves store their food (glucose) as starch• How would you de-starch a plant?• Place it in the dark for a few days• The plants cell walls have to be softened in

boiling water• Chlorophyll is removed by boiling in Ethanol• Iodine turns from brown to black when starch

is present• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/biology/

green_plants_2.shtml

Watering Plants

When plants do not get enough water or minerals they start to wilt

Stomata• Plants photosynthesise during the day and

respire when it is dark• Gases get in and out of a leaf through tiny holes

called stomata

Stoma

Open Closed