Module 2 Classification - Virginia DEQdeq.state.va.us/.../Training/Plants/Module2_Classification.pdfThe Classification of Plants ... Flowering plants vs. Non-flowering plants Christmas

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Module 2The Classification of Plants

Classification

We will discuss a few ways of classifying plants:

• Big vs. Small

• Grass vs. Tree

• Native vs. Introduced

• Invasive (Noxious) vs. Non-Invasive

• Trees vs. Shrubs

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What’s in a name?

Who has heard of:Ribbon grass?Dockmackie?Withe-rod?Possum-haw?Water oak?Black oak?Scrub pine?

What’s in a name?


- Reed canary grass- Maple-leaf viburnum- Northern wild rasin- Southern wild rasin

- Virginia pine

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What’s in a name?


- Reed canary grass- Maple-leaf viburnum- Northern wild rasin- Southern wild rasin

- Virginia pine

- Phalaris arundinacea- Viburnum acerifolium- Viburnum cassinoides- Viburnum nudum- Quercus nigra- Quercus veluntina- Pinus virginiana

What’s in a name?

Pinus virginiana Miller?

Botanical name

Common name(s)

Habitat

Native status

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http://vaplantatlas.org/

Lycophytes &Pteridophytes

• Ferns

• Groundpines

Gymnosperms

• Pines

• Cedars

• Hemlocks

Monocots

• Grasses

• Rushes

• Sedges

• Lillies

Dicots

• All floweringplants

Bryophytes

• Mosses

• Lichens

Other ways to classify plants?

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Classification

BigSmall

Human beings have the urge toclassify things

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Useful Classifications for ESCand SWM

Tree vs. shrub vs. herb (forb) vs. grass vs. fern vs. moss


Woody vs. Herbaceous (forbs)

White oak Joe Pye Weed

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Woody vs. Herbaceous

Bald cypress

Little bluestem


Annuals vs. Perennials

Annual ryegrass(winter annual)

Partridge pea(summer annual)

Little bluestem(warm season

perennial)

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Differences between annualsand perennials

Germination

Seedlinggrowth

Flowering(sexual

reproduction)Seed set

Death

Coreopsis

Germination

Seedlinggrowth

Flowering(sexual

reproduction)Seed set

Death


Purple coneflower

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Annual Perennial

Germination Fast (often 1 to3 days)

Long (sometimes ½ year orlonger)

Growth Fast Slow

Flowering Early andAbundant

At least after one year ofgrowing often much longer

Number of seeds Many Often few

Root system Shallow Extensive

Replanting Every year Long lived



Legumes vs. Non-leguminous plants

Legumes are a specific type of plants that have an association(symbiotic relationship) with bacteria on their roots (root nodules)

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Examples of legumes:PeasGreen beansSoy beansPeanutsAlfalfa

But also:Red budsBlack locustMimosaWisteria

LupineLotusClover

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Legumes in ESC and SWM

BMP Clearing House: None

ESCH:Crown vetch Black locustSericea lespedeza Honey locustFlat peaBirdfoot trefoilAnnual lespedezaRed cloverWhite clover


Flowering plants vs. Non-flowering plants

Christmas fern

Loblolly pine

Eastern redcedar

Butterfly weed

Round headedbush clover

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Flowering plants vs. Non-flowering plants

Christmas fern

Loblolly pine

Eastern redcedar

Butterfly weed

Round headedbush clover


Warm season vs. Cold season

Bermuda grass

Kentucky bluegrass

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Useful Classifications for ESC andSWM – Plant Hardiness Zone

Useful Classifications for ESC andSWM – Plant Hardiness Zone

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Shade vs. Partial Shade vs. Sun


Shade vs. Partial Shade vs. Sun

Cardinal flower (●☼)

Cinnamon fern (●)

Swamp sunflower (☼)

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Wetland

Wet

Facultative

Moist

Upland

Dry

Grow in areas withsaturated soil conditions

during part or most ofthe growing season.May require specific

ranges in water depth.Plants may tolerate

droughts.

Grow in areas withmoist soil conditions.Tolerates occasionalsaturation/flooding.Plants also tolerate

droughts.

Drought tolerant plantsthat grow in areas

where the soils dries outafter a rain event. Does

not require irrigation.


Wetland

Wet

Facultative

Moist

Upland

Dry

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Wetland

Wet

Facultative

Moist

Upland

Dry


Wetland

Wet

Facultative

Moist

Upland

Dry

Overcup oak White oak Red oak

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Wetland

Wet

Facultative

Moist

Upland

Dry

Bioretention/Treatment wetland Rain garden Grass swale


Wetland species flooding requirements:

• Floaters

• Shallow water

• Emergent

• Intermittent water

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• Floaters

• Shallow water

• Emergent


Duck weed

Yellow Pond Lily



• Floaters

• Shallow water

• Emergent


Eastern Rose-Mallow

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• Floaters

• Shallow water

• Emergent


Common Rush



• Floaters

• Shallow water

• Emergent


(flood plain)

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Wetland species classification:

Obligate (OBL) almost always in wetlands (90+%)

Facultative Wet (FACW) usually occur in wetland

Facultative (FAC) can occur in wetland and upland

Facultative Upland (FACU) usually occur in upland

Upland (UPL) almost always in uplands


Questions?

Documents

Module 2 Classification - Virginia DEQdeq.state.va.us/.../Training/Plants/Module2_Classification.pdfThe Classification of Plants ... Flowering plants vs. Non-flowering plants Christmas