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FIRE DRILLSFIRE DRILLS
David McMahon, RS, MPHDavid McMahon, RS, MPH
Phoenix Area Indian Health ServicePhoenix Area Indian Health Service
Fire Drills - PurposeFire Drills - Purpose
Prepare staff for actual eventsPrepare staff for actual eventsSave livesSave livesReduce panic, makes response a routine Reduce panic, makes response a routine
mattermatter To To test the efficiency, knowledge and test the efficiency, knowledge and
responseresponse of personnel in implementing the of personnel in implementing the facility fire emergency planfacility fire emergency plan
Fire Drills - PurposeFire Drills - Purpose
To To exercise the planexercise the planEvaluate, modify plans as neededEvaluate, modify plans as needed
Meet accreditation and/or regulatory Meet accreditation and/or regulatory requirementsrequirements
Fire Drills - NFPAFire Drills - NFPA
““Emergency Egress and relocation drills”Emergency Egress and relocation drills” Think about the focus of your drills, why Think about the focus of your drills, why
are having them? are having them?
Fire Plan RequirementsFire Plan Requirements
The administration of every healthcare The administration of every healthcare occupancy shall have, in effect and occupancy shall have, in effect and available to all supervisory personnel, available to all supervisory personnel, written copies of a planwritten copies of a plan for the protection for the protection of all persons in the event of fire and for of all persons in the event of fire and for their evacuation from the building when their evacuation from the building when necessarynecessary
(NFPA 1 - 8-4.2.1.1, LSC 101 - 18, 19-7-1.1 )(NFPA 1 - 8-4.2.1.1, LSC 101 - 18, 19-7-1.1 )
Written Fire Plan ComponentsWritten Fire Plan Components
Use of AlarmsUse of Alarms Transmission of alarm to fire departmentTransmission of alarm to fire department Containment of smoke and fireContainment of smoke and fire Transfer to areas of refugeTransfer to areas of refuge Fire extinguishmentFire extinguishment Specific fire response to dutiesSpecific fire response to duties Preparation of Building for EvacuationPreparation of Building for Evacuation
Training (JCAHO 2000 revision)Training (JCAHO 2000 revision)
All personnel are trained in fire response according to the facility fire plan
The effectiveness of this training shall be evaluated at least annually
The training shall include: General facility protocols All aspects of response that may be unique to
the individual’s duties and work site
RACERACE
RRescueescueAAlarmlarmCContainontainEExtinguish /Evacuatextinguish /Evacuate
Fire Drill - FrequencyFire Drill - Frequency
JCAHO and AAAHC Require : Hospitals JCAHO and AAAHC Require : Hospitals and Ambulatory Care facilitiesand Ambulatory Care facilities
QuarterlyQuarterly on each shifton each shift to familiarize to familiarize facility personnel with signals and facility personnel with signals and emergency action required under varied emergency action required under varied conditionsconditions
Fire Drill - FrequencyFire Drill - Frequency
JCAHO Requires: Freestanding business JCAHO Requires: Freestanding business occupanciesoccupancies
Annually per shiftAnnually per shift
Occupancy DefinitionsOccupancy Definitions
HospitalHospitalProvides medical or other treatment or care Provides medical or other treatment or care
of four or more persons of four or more persons Occupants are Occupants are mostly incapable of self-mostly incapable of self-
preservationpreservation due to: due to:Age, physical or mental disability Age, physical or mental disability Because of security measures not under Because of security measures not under
the occupants’ controlthe occupants’ control
Occupancy DefinitionsOccupancy Definitions
Ambulatory Care - outpatient servicesAmbulatory Care - outpatient services A building / portion thereof used to provide A building / portion thereof used to provide
services or treatment services or treatment simultaneously to four or simultaneously to four or more patientsmore patients
Providing treatment or anesthesia for patients Providing treatment or anesthesia for patients that renders them that renders them incapable of taking action for incapable of taking action for self-preservation under emergency conditions self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance of otherswithout the assistance of others
Occupancy DefinitionsOccupancy Definitions
Free-standing Business OccupancyFree-standing Business OccupancyAll othersAll othersNot attached to a hospital or ambulatory Not attached to a hospital or ambulatory
care facilitycare facility
Remember This!Remember This!
These are minimal standardsThese are minimal standards You can always do more drills if neededYou can always do more drills if needed
Fire Drills - Patient TransportFire Drills - Patient Transport
Actual patient transfer, transport or building Actual patient transfer, transport or building evacuation is not required to be performed during evacuation is not required to be performed during the drills. the drills.
Fire Drills - TimingFire Drills - Timing
Drills shall be held at expected and Drills shall be held at expected and unexpected timesunexpected times JCAHO now requires that 50% of the JCAHO now requires that 50% of the
annual drills be unannounced (2000)annual drills be unannounced (2000) Under varying conditions to simulate the Under varying conditions to simulate the
unusual conditions that can occur in an unusual conditions that can occur in an actual emergency. actual emergency.
Fire Drills - Use of AlarmsFire Drills - Use of Alarms
NFPA requires activation of alarms for each NFPA requires activation of alarms for each drilldrill
Exceptions:Exceptions:When drills are conducted between 9:00 When drills are conducted between 9:00
p.m. and 6:00 a.m., a p.m. and 6:00 a.m., a coded coded announcementannouncement is permitted to be used is permitted to be used instead of audible alarmsinstead of audible alarms
Fire Drill LocationFire Drill Location
Drills should be conducted in different Drills should be conducted in different areas of the facility, so that all staff areas of the facility, so that all staff participate and such that various fore exit participate and such that various fore exit routes are used in each drillroutes are used in each drill
Fire Drills - Area of RefugeFire Drills - Area of Refuge
Not all facility have to evacuate to the Not all facility have to evacuate to the outdoorsoutdoors
Hospitals or ambulatory care facilities often Hospitals or ambulatory care facilities often can evacuate to areas of refuge inside the can evacuate to areas of refuge inside the building building through smoke or fire barriers and through smoke or fire barriers and compartmentscompartments
Fire Drills - Area of RefugeFire Drills - Area of Refuge
In total evacuation: Drill participants shall In total evacuation: Drill participants shall relocate to a predetermined location and relocate to a predetermined location and remain at such location until a recall or remain at such location until a recall or dismissal signal is given.dismissal signal is given.
Fire Drill - EvaluationFire Drill - Evaluation
What is a good drill?What is a good drill? Orderly vs. SpeedOrderly vs. Speed
Fire Drill - EvaluationFire Drill - Evaluation
JCAHO EC 2.10 - 2000 revision All fire drills are critiqued for the purpose
of identifying deficiencies and opportunities for improvement.
Fire Drill - EvaluationFire Drill - Evaluation
Monitor elevationsMonitor elevations You can document You can document actual or false alarmsactual or false alarms as as
drills, but only drills, but only 50% of required drills50% of required drills
Patient SafetyPatient Safety
Patient education and rightsPatient education and rights