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General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2013

Geography A

(Specification 4030)

40301F

Unit 1: Physical Geography (Foundation)

Final Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme

Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one years document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper.

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Mark Scheme General Certificate of Secondary Education Geography A 40301F June 2013

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GENERAL GUIDANCE FOR GCSE GEOGRAPHY ASSISTANT EXAMINERS Quality of Written Communication Where candidates are required to produce extended written material in English, they will be assessed on the quality of written communication. Candidates will be required to: present relevant information in a form and style that suits its purpose; ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar are accurate; use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Levels Marking - General Criteria Where answers are assessed using a level of response marking system the following general criteria should be used. Level 1: Basic Knowledge of basic information

Simple understanding Little organisation; few links; little or no detail; uses a limited range of specialist terms Reasonable accuracy in the use of spelling, punctuation and grammar Text is legible.

Level 2: Clear Knowledge of accurate information Clear understanding

Organised answers, with some linkages; occasional detail/exemplar; uses a good range of specialist terms where appropriate

Considerable accuracy in spelling, punctuation and grammar Text is legible.

Mark Scheme General Certificate of Secondary Education Geography A 40301F June 2013

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Annotation of Scripts One tick equals one mark, except where answers are levels marked (where no ticks should be used). Each tick should be positioned in the part of the answer which is thought to be credit worthy. Where an answer is levels marked the examiner should provide evidence of the level achieved by means of annotating L1, L2 or L3 in the left hand margin. The consequent mark within this level should appear in the right-hand margin. Ticks must not be used where an answer is levels marked. Examiners should add their own brief justification for the mark awarded e.g. Just L3, detail and balance here. Where an answer fails to achieve Level 1, zero marks should be given. General Advice Marks for each sub-section should be added in the right-hand margin next to the maximum mark available which is shown in brackets. All marks should then be totaled in the egg at the end of each question in the right-hand margin. The totals should then be transferred to the boxes on the front cover of the question paper. These should be totaled. The grand total should be added to the top right-hand corner of the front cover. No half marks should be used. It is important to recognize that many of the answers shown within this mark scheme are only exemplars. Where possible, the range of accepted responses is indicated, but because many questions are open-ended in their nature, alternative answers may be equally creditworthy. The degree of acceptability is clarified through the Standardization Meeting and subsequently by telephone with the Team Leader as necessary. Diagrams are legitimate responses to many questions and should be credited as appropriate. However, contents which duplicate written material or vice versa should not be credited. Quality of Written Communication (QWC) is part of the award of marks in levels marked answers only. In levels marked answers the quality of the geography is assessed and a level and mark awarded according to the geography. As is sometimes the case, the geography may be sound at a particular level but the examiner may not be sure as to whether there is quite enough to raise the mark within that level. In this case the examiner should consider the QWC of the answer. QWC that fulfils the criteria for the level should lead to the rise in the mark but where the QWC does not fulfil the criteria, the answer should remain at the mark first thought appropriate. In cases where QWC has been used in the award of marks, the examiner should indicate this with QWC and arrows that indicate either an upward or downward trend according to its impact on the final award of the mark.

Mark Scheme General Certificate of Secondary Education Geography A 40301F June 2013

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SECTION A Question 1: The Restless Earth 1(a)

Location of plate margin Type of plate margin

X Constructive Y Destructive Z Conservative

(3 marks)

AO2 1AO3 2

1(b) (Composite) volcanoes, supervolcanoes, fold mountains or ocean trenches. (2 marks)

AO1 2

1(c) Flat/rounded top, low lying, broad base, gently sloping sides, made of runny lava / basaltic lava, little ash, non-explosive eruption, frequent eruptions. 21

(2 marks)

AO1 2

1(d) Composite volcanoes occur at destructive plate margins. Here, plates move towards each other due to convection currents. Pressure builds up over a long period of time as the denser oceanic plate sinks beneath the continental plate. Melting of this occurs in the subduction zone due to friction and heat and the crust becomes magma. This process causes a build-up of pressure which is released in an explosive eruption giving volcanoes that are formed of sticky slow flowing lava and ash often in alternate layers along a line of weakness/fault.

(4 marks)

AO1 3AO2 1

Level 1 (Basic) (1-2 marks) A partial explanation may have start, end or random parts of sequence. Sequence incomplete. Plates move towards each other. One plate sinks beneath the other. Pressure builds up and a volcano is formed.

Level 2 (Clear) (3-4 marks) Stages are clear and explanation is coherent and complete. Sequence complete. Develops and links points. Plates move towards each other due to convection currents. The denser oceanic plate sinks beneath the continental plate. Melting of this occurs in the subduction zone due to friction and heat and a pool of magma forms. This rises and the pressure is released in an explosive eruption often along a fault giving a steep sided volcano of lava and ash. Diagrams may be drawn to support text.

Mark Scheme General Certificate of Secondary Education Geography A 40301F June 2013

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1(e)

Primary or secondary

effect

Positive or negative

effect

Half a million people fled when Mt Nyiragongo erupted in Africa. S N

Lava flows led to 45 deaths when Nyiragongo erupted. P N

Tourists visit areas such as Pompeii next to Vesuvius in Italy. S Po

Ash from Mount St Helens killed all living things up to 27km north of the crater. P N

Soils around Vesuvius are very fertile. S Po Accept P in second column. 1 mark for every 2 correct categories round up, not down if odd number correct.

(4 marks)

AO1 2AO2 2

1(f)(i) Off the (east) coast of Japan / approximately 200-300km off the coast/near a plate boundary.

(1 mark)AO3 1

1(f)(ii) Recognition of a destructive plate margin, with epicentre/earthquake originating under the ocean. This resulted in the land being thrown / flexed upwards leading to the displacement of the column of water above. This separates and heads toward the coast. As it approaches, the wave length reduces and the height increases as the water piles onto the coast. 31, reserving 1 mark for displacement of water which is critical for tsunami.

(3 marks)

AO2 1AO3 2

1(g)

Actual content will depend on the case study being used Boxing Day tsunami of 2004 is textbook example but Japan tsunami also likely to be used as below. Immediate There will be reference to the need to rescue people getting people to