Accessibility:We live in the information age, where access to many wonderful Internet resources is just a few quick clicks away. For this reason, you might be thinking, "Cool. I don't have to go to the library. I can do all my research online." Not so fast. TheInternetis not a substitute for the library. It's a tool best usedin addition toto traditional research sources.Why use both? Because each has resources, benefits, and limitations that the other does not. Examine the pros and cons of both the library and the Internet below.LibraryInternet

Pros Uses universal cataloging systems that classify and organize all resources. Houses professional books, newspapers, magazines, and other resources that have been edited and reviewed prior to their publication. Provides free access to journals, magazines, newspapers, encyclopedias, and other print reference works. Often has archived materialsnewspapers and magazinesthat date back many years. Offers a free Internet connection and other electronic resources, such as reference CD-ROMs. Has knowledgeable reference librarians to help you locate resources. Online resources can be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Web sitescan be constantly updated to provide breaking news and timely information. Provides opportunities for two-way communication throughe-mail,LISTSERVS, andnewsgoups. Provides access to many newspapers, magazines, journals, and encyclopedias. Some sites feature rare books, documents, and special collections that traditionally have only been available in libraries. Offers a complete multimedia experience, with text, video, interactive features, audio, hyperlinks, and graphics all in one place.

Cons Resources can be checked out by other patrons and, therefore, may not always be available. A library's publications cannot provide up-to-the-minute news and information the way Web sites can. Closes after hours. Has no system that catalogs and organizes all resources. Anyone with an Internet connection can publish a Web site. Reliability of information is not guaranteed. Archived materials might only date back several years. Some electronic resources are only available through a subscription. Internet access is often not free. Does not have knowledgeable librarians who can help you find resources.

http://www.classzone.com/books/research_guide/page_build.cfm?content=library

Copyright 1995-2008 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

History of librariesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThehistory of thelibrarybegan with the first effort to organize a collection ofdocuments(recorded knowledge), which happened probably around 1200 BCE. Topics of interest include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials, arrangement and finding tools, the book trade, the influence of the physical properties of the different writing materials, language distribution, role in education, rates of literacy, budgets, staffing, libraries for specially targeted audiences, architectural merit, patterns of usage, and the role of libraries in a nation's cultural heritage, and the role of government, church or private sponsorship. Since the 1960s issues of computerization and digitization come to the fore. Casson, Lionel (11 August 2002).Libraries in the Ancient World. Yale University Press. p.3. Retrieved 7 March 2012.

Alibraryis an organized collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.[1]A library's collection can includebooks,periodicals,newspapers,manuscripts,films,maps,prints,documents,microform,CDs,cassettes,videotapes,DVDs,Blu-ray Discs,e-books,audiobooks,databases, and other formats."Library ... collection of books, public or private; room or building where these are kept; similar collection of films, records, computer routines, etc. or place where they are kept; series of books issued in similar bindings as set."--Allen, R. E., ed. (1984)The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Clarendon Press; p. 421

Researchcomprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications."[1]OECD (2002) Frascati Manual: proposed standard practice for surveys on research and experimental development, 6th edition. Retrieved 27 May 2012 fromwww.oecd.org/sti/frascatimanua

Alibraryis an organized collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.[1]A library's collection can includebooks,periodicals,newspapers,manuscripts,films,maps,prints,documents,microform,CDs,cassettes,videotapes,DVDs,Blu-ray Discs,e-books,audiobooks,databases, and other formats. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items. In Latin and Greek, the idea ofbookcaseis represented byBibliothecaand Bibliothk(Greek: ): derivatives of these meanlibraryin many modern languages, e.g. Frenchbibliothque.The first libraries consisted ofarchivesof theearliest form of writingtheclay tabletsincuneiform scriptdiscovered inSumer, some dating back to 2600 BC. Private or personal libraries made up of written books appeared inclassical Greecein the 5th century BC. In the 6th century, at the very close of theClassical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those ofConstantinopleandAlexandria.A library is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, or a private individual. Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not toor cannot afford topurchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services oflibrarianswho are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpreting information needs. Libraries often provide quiet areas for studying, and they also often offer common areas to facilitate group study and collaboration. Libraries often provide public facilities for access to their electronic resources and theInternet. Modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access toinformationin many formats and from many sources. They are extending services beyond the physical walls of a building, by providing material accessible by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analyzing very large amounts of information with a variety of digital tools.History:The first libraries consisted ofarchivesof theearliest form of writingtheclay tabletsincuneiform scriptdiscovered in temple rooms inSumer,[2][3]some dating back to 2600 BC.[4]These archives, which mainly consisted of the records of commercial transactions or inventories, mark the end ofprehistoryand the start ofhistory.[5][6]Things were much the same in the government and temple records onpapyrusofAncient Egypt.[3]The earliest discovered private archives were kept atUgarit; besides correspondence and inventories, texts of myths may have been standardized practice-texts for teaching new scribes. There is also evidence of libraries atNippurabout 1900 BC and those atNinevehabout 700 BC showing alibrary classificationsystem.[7]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library

"Library ... collection of books, public or private; room or building where these are kept; similar collection of films, records, computer routines, etc. or place where they are kept; series of books issued in similar bindings as set."--Allen, R. E., ed. (1984)The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Clarendon Press; p. 421

Internet:Origins of the Internet

The first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking was aseries of memoswritten by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 discussing his "Galactic Network" concept. He envisioned a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any site. In spirit, the concept was very much like the Internet of today. Licklider was the first head of the computer research program at DARPA,4starting in October 1962. While at DARPA he convinced his successors at DARPA, Ivan Sutherland, Bob Taylor, and MIT researcher Lawrence G. Roberts, of the importance of this networking concept.Leonard Kleinrock at MIT published thefirst paper on packet switching theoryin July 1961 and thefirst book on the subjectin 1964. Kleinrock convinced Roberts of the theoretical feasibility of communications using packets rather than circuits, which was a major step along the path towards computer networking. The other key step was to make the computers talk together. To explore this, in 1965 working with Thomas Merrill, Roberts connected the TX-2 computer in Mass. to the Q-32 in California with a low speed dial-up telephone line creating thefirst (however small) wide-area computer network ever built. The result of this experiment was the realization that the time-shared computers could work well together, running programs and retrieving data as necessary on the remote machine, but that the circuit switched telephone system was totally inadequate for the job. Kleinrock's conviction of the need for packet switching was confirmed.In late 1966 Roberts went to DARPA to develop the computer network concept and quickly put together hisplan for the "ARPANET", publishing it in 1967. At the conference where he presented the paper, there was also a paper on a packet network concept from the UK by Donald Davies and Roger Scantlebury of NPL. Scantlebury told Roberts about the NPL work as well as that of Paul Baran and others at RAND. The RAND group had written apaper on packet switching networks for secure voicein the military in 1964. It happened that the work at MIT (1961-1967), at RAND (1962-1965), and at NPL (1964-1967) had all proceeded in parallel without any of the researchers knowing about the other work. The word "packet" was adopted from the work at NPL and the proposed line speed to be used in the ARPANET design was upgraded from 2.4 kbps to 50 kbps.5In August 1968, after Roberts and the DARPA funded community had refined the overall structure and specifications for the ARPANET, an RFQ was released by DARPA for the development of one of the key components, the packet switches called Interface Message Processors (IMP's). The RFQ was won in December 1968 by a group headed by Frank Heart at Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN). As the BBN team worked on the IMP's with Bob Kahn playing a major role in the overall ARPANET architectural design, the network topology and economics were designed and optimized by Roberts working with Howard Frank and his team at Network Analysis Corporation, and the network measurement system was prepared by Kleinrock's team at UCLA.6Due to Kleinrock's early development of packet switching theory and his focus on analysis, design and measurement, his Network Measurement Center at UCLA was selected to be the first node on the ARPANET. All this came together in September 1969 when BBN installed the first IMP at UCLA and the first host computer was connected. Doug Engelbart's project on "Augmentation of Human Intellect" (which included NLS, an early hypertext system) at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) provided a second node. SRI supported the Network Information Center, led by Elizabeth (Jake) Feinler and including functions such as maintaining tables of host name to address mapping as well as a directory of the RFC's.One month later, when SRI was connected to the ARPANET, the first host-to-host message was sent from Kleinrock's laboratory to SRI. Two more nodes were added at UC Santa Barbara and University of Utah. These last two nodes incorporated application visualization projects, with Glen Culler and Burton Fried at UCSB investigating methods for display of mathematical functions using storage displays to deal with the problem of refresh over the net, and Robert Taylor and Ivan Sutherland at Utah investigating methods of 3-D representations over the net. Thus, by the end of 1969, four host computers were connected together into the initial ARPANET, and the budding Internet was off the ground. Even at this early stage, it should be noted that the networking research incorporated both work on the underlying network and work on how to utilize the network. This tradition continues to this day.Computers were added quickly to the ARPANET during the following years, and work proceeded on completing a functionally complete Host-to-Host protocol and other network software. In December 1970 the Network Working Group (NWG) working under S. Crocker finished the initial ARPANET Host-to-Host protocol, called the Network Control Protocol (NCP). As the ARPANET sites completed implementing NCP during the period 1971-1972, the network users finally could begin to develop applications.In October 1972, Kahn organized a large, very successful demonstration of the ARPANET at the International Computer Communication Conference (ICCC). This was the first public demonstration of this new network technology to the public. It was also in 1972 that the initial "hot" application, electronic mail, was introduced. In March Ray Tomlinson at BBN wrote the basic email message send and read software, motivated by the need of the ARPANET developers for an easy coordination mechanism. In July, Roberts expanded its utility by writing the first email utility program to list, selectively read, file, forward, and respond to messages. From there email took off as the largest network application for over a decade. This was a harbinger of the kind of activity we see on the World Wide Web today, namely, the enormous growth of all kinds of "people-to-people" traffic.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

1. "IPTO -- Information Processing Techniques Office",The Living Internet, Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000.

Pinag-mumulan ng impormasyon:Use of Library Resources

The use of the different types of library services shall be subject to the following conditions:General Reference Books.General reference books and materials (encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, etc.) shall be for room use only. General reference books may be issued for classroom use upon the request of a faculty member, but these shall be returned within the day.

Theses, Dissertations, and Periodicals.Theses, dissertations, and periodicals shall be for room use only. However, faculty and officials of the University may borrow a periodical, other than the latest issue for a period of not more than one (1) week.

Reserve Books.Reserve books (required reading materials for courses offered during the semester/ summer) shall be lent for room use only and recalled two hours after issue. It may also be borrowed for overnight use upon request and be returned not later than 9:00 A.M. the next working day.

Circulation Books.Books for home use are usually loaned for two weeks.Special Collections. Special collections (rare books, personal papers of the Filipiniana and Archives Sections, AV materials, microforms, diskettes, art collections, and certain types of Fine Arts books, etc.) shall be for room use only.The use of archival materials, such as: official records, personal papers, manuscripts, diaries, legal papers, memorabilia, etc. shall be subject to any restrictions that may have been imposed on particular records by the originating office of the University of the Philippines System or the donor as stipulated in the deed of donation.Members using special facilities, such as microforms, computers and the media resources, shall be assessed prescribed fees.

http://www.mainlib.upd.edu.ph/?q=rules-use-resources

Types of SourcesSummary:We live in an age overflowing with sources of information. With so many information sources at our fingertips, knowing where to start, sorting through it all and finding what we want can be overwhelming! This handout provides answers to the following research-related questions: Where do I begin? Where should I look for information? What types of sources are available?Contributors:Dana Lynn Driscoll, Karl StolleyLast Edited:2013-02-21 09:53:22The amount of information can be overwhelming and confusing. This section provides a list of common types of sources and what information you can discover from each.Books and Textbooks:Books present a multitude of topics. Because of the time it takes to publish a book, books usually contain more dated information than will be found in journals and newspapers.Newspapers:Predominately covering the latest events and trends, newspapers contain very up-to-date information. Newspapers report both information that is factual in nature and also share opinions. Generally, however, they will not take a big picture approach or contain information about larger trends.Academic and Trade Journals:Academic and trade journals are where to find the most up-to-date information and research in industry, business, and academia. Journal articles come in several forms, including literature reviews that overview current and past research, articles on theories and history, or articles on specific processes or research.Government Reports and Legal Documents:The government releases information intended for its own use or for public use. These types of documents can be an excellent source of information. An example of a government report is the U.S. Census data. Most government reports and legal documents can now be accessed online.Press Releases and Advertising:Companies and special interest groups produce texts to help persuade readers to act in some way or inform the public about some new developmentFlyers, Pamphlets, Leaflets:While some flyers or pamphlets are created by reputable sources, because of the ease in which they are created, many less-than-reputable sources also produce these. They are useful for quick reference or very general information.Multimedia:Printed material is certainly not the only option for finding research. Also consider media sources such as radio and television broadcasts, interactive talks, and public meetings.Internet-only sourcesWeb sites:Most of the information on the Internet is distributed via Web sites. Web sites vary widely in quality of information and validity of sources.Weblogs / Blogs:A rather recent development in Web technology, weblogs or blogs are a type of interactive journal where writers post and readers respond. They vary widely in quality of information and validity of sources. For example, many prestigious journalists and public figures may have blogs, which may be more credible of a blog than most.Message boards, Discussion lists, and Chat rooms:Discussion lists, chat rooms, and message boards exist for all kinds of disciplines both in and outside of the university. However, plenty of boards exist that are rather unhelpful and poorly researched.Multimedia:The Internet has a multitude of multimedia resources including online broadcasts and news, images, audio files, and interactive Web sites.https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/552/03/

Contributors:Dana Lynn Driscoll, Karl StolleyLast Edited:2013-02-21 09:53:22

Pananasiksik :

Library visitors continue to decrease20.08.10 |Victoria Gallagher and Benedicte Page

The proportion of students visiting a public library has steadily decreased over the past few years, from 48.2% in 2005/06 to 39.4% in 2009/10, according to new government statistics. The decrease in library-goers has continued over the last year with a drop of 1.7%.The figures were published without fanfare by the Department for Culture, Media and Sports (DCMS) in a report calledTaking Part: The National Survey of Culture, Leisure and Sporton the DCMS website today.The report states the decline in visits is seen across all socio-demographic groups and English regions, except for the North East and East Midlands where library visits have remained stable since 2005/06.Over the year the proportion of adults who visited a public library at least once ranged from 30% in Yorkshire and the Humber to 43.5% in the South East. Those who lived in the least deprived areas of England were more likely than those in the most deprived areas to have visited a library in the past 12 months (46.3% compared with 37.6%).Library campaigner Tim Coates commented: "If you ignore those people who visit just once or twice a year, only 29% of the adult population use our public libraries. That figure was 38% just four years ago. The fall is truly dramatic."At the same time, the very same report records that reading is the most popular cultural activity for most people in the country and three quarters of people read, 80% of those every week. So why are libraries unpopular? Because they don't cater for people who read. It's blooming obvious. If libraries concentrated their effort on people who do read (as the law says they should) they would be twice as popular as they are (vide Hillingdon). What could be simpler?"Meanwhile, columnist Terence Blacker,writing in the Independent today, comments that Ed Vaizey's Future Libraries programme "is the sound of a back door being quietly opened to the privatisation of the library service".

http://www.thebookseller.com/news/library-visitors-continue-decrease.htmlHow Students Are Using The Internet For StudyingByKatie Lepion June 26, 2013Does anyone out there remember actually having to go to the library to research for a paper? I remember having to order books from other libraries when I was in graduate school and -gasp- had to wait for them to be sent to me!Annoying, right?Even in that relatively short amount of time, weve been cultured to understand that we can learn from anything, anywhere, immediately. The landscape of researching and studying has changed quite a bit, hasnt it? While Im a little sad that there is no sourcing listed (and as such, I cant cross check the information presented) thehandy infographic belowhas taught me a few interesting things about current students online studying and research habits.Did You Know? Only 10% of students report using books from libraries to help them study 100% of students report using Wikipedia to study 80% of students report using social networks to help them study 55% of students report using online services to help them write their papers