Field-scale simulations of CO2 injection in saline aquifer in north Taiwan

Presenter:

Adviser:

Date:2010/12/31

ContentContent

Introduction1

Current Geological Storage Projects2

Conclusions5

TOUGH2 Mesh Generation3

Results and discussion4

Introduction1

Current Geological Storage Projects

•Country: Norway(1996)•Injection rate: 3000 t/ day•Total storage: 11 million ton of CO2 (2008)•Storage type: Aquifer

•Lithology:

Utsira sandstone (Porosity=35~40%)

(Permeability =10 Darcy)

Caprock seal (Permeability =0.0001 mDarcy)

1 mDarcy is equivalent to 1×10-15 m2

Current Geological Storage Projects

Porosity(%)

Permeability(mD)

4540

25

15

17 30

100000.0001

•Country: Canada (May 2000)•Injection rate: 3-5000 t/ day•Total storage: 20 million ton of CO2•Storage type: Packstones and Grainstones

Current Geological Storage Projects

•Lithology:

Packstones and Grainstones

(Porosity=10~20%)

(Permeability =1~500m Darcy)

Caprock seal

(Permeability =0.1~20 mDarcy)

1 mDarcy is equivalent to 1×10-15 m2

Current Geological Storage Projects

Current and Planned Geological Storage Projects

•Country: Japan (2002)•Injection rate: 40 t/ day•Total storage: 10,405 ton of CO2 (2005)•Storage type: Haizume sandstone

Current and Planned Geological Storage Projects

•Lithology:

Haizume sandstone

(Porosity=20%)

(Permeability

=200m Darcy)

1 mDarcy is equivalent to 1×10-15 m2

after 1,000 years

Current and Planned Geological Storage Projects

•Country: USA (2004)•Injection rate: 160 t/ day•Total storage: 1600 ton of CO2 (9 days)•Storage type: Frio sandstone

•Lithology:

Frio sandstone

(Porosity=30%)

(Permeability =2.5 mDarcy)

TOUGH2 Mesh Generation3

Step 1 Define PointsStep 2 Define LinesStep 3 Define DomainsStep 4 Mesh LinesStep 5 Mesh Domains

•AUTOMESH-2D（ Zhao and Ma, 2003）

● STEP 1 Geological profile in saline aquifer in north Taiwan

● STEP 1 Geological profile in saline aquifer in north Taiwan

Yang, 2010

● STEP 2 Digitize geologic profile of generate mesh( nodes and elements ) by using AUTOMESH-2D（ Zhao and Ma ,2003）

● STEP 2 Digitize geologic profile of generate mesh( nodes and elements ) by using AUTOMESH-2D（ Zhao and Ma ,2003）

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 20000 40000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

CL

NK

CS

NC

TKS ToukoshanCL ChoulangCS ChinshuiKC KueichulinNC NanchuangNK NanKang

KC

TKS

● STEP 3 Calculate TOUGH2 mesh data● STEP 3 Calculate TOUGH2 mesh data

Step 3-1 Read Automesh-2D data

Step 3-2. Calculate the center of gravity of the element for TOUGH2

Step 3-3. Calculate the information of the element

263

280279

262

1

1. Calculate area1 and area22. Calculate the center of

gravity(G1 and G2) of area1 and area2

G1(x1,y2), G2(x2,y2)3. Calculate the center of gravity

of the quadrangle.

GH(x1+(x1-x2)*area2/(area1+area2),

y1+(y1-2)*area2/(area1+area2), )

AREA2

AREA1

G1

G2

GH

Volume D1 D2 Beta

ELE 2ELE 1

ELE 2

ELE 1

D2D1

ELE 2ELE 1

β

H(m)

3500300025002000150010005000

NO

FLOWNO FLOW

NO

FLO

W

B.C & I.C.NO FLOW

TKSCLCSKCNCNK

1.0E-161.0E-171.0E-191.0E-171.0E-151.0E-16

Permeability(m2)

Yang, 2010Lin, 2009Chung, 1996

X(m)

Z(m

)

30000 30200 30400 30600 30800 31000-2000

-1600

-1200

NK

NC

CS

the injection pointsinject rate=21183 ton/year CO2

KC

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

CO2 Gas Saturated

500 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

CO2 Gas Saturated

300 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0SG(-)

0.450.40.350.30.250.20.150.10.05

CO2 Gas Saturated

100 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

● The simulation results for CO2● The simulation results for CO2

Results and discussion4

SG(-)

0.55000.50000.45000.40000.35000.30000.25000.20000.15000.10000.0500

CO2 Gas Saturated

500 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

CO2 Gas Saturated

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

CO2 Gas Saturated

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

CO2 Gas Saturated

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

500 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

300 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

30000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

100 year

● The simulation results near inject wells● The simulation results near inject wells

Results and discussion4

SG(-): 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

CO2 Gas Saturated

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

100 year

SG(-): 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

CO2 Gas Saturated

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

200 year

SG(-): 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

CO2 Gas Saturated

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

300 year

SG(-): 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

CO2 Gas Saturated

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

400 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

SG(-): 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

CO2 Gas Saturated

500 year500 year

XCO2a(-)

0.0550.050.0450.040.0350.030.0250.020.0150.010.005

Dissolved CO2

500 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

Dissolved CO2

500 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

Dissolved CO2

300 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

Dissolved CO2

100 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0X(m)

Z(m

)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

-2000

0

● The simulation results for CO2● The simulation results for CO2

Results and discussion4

XCO2a(-)

0.05500.05000.04500.04000.03500.03000.02500.02000.01500.01000.0050

Dissolved CO2

500 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

30000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

100 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

300 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

500 year

● The simulation results near inject wells● The simulation results near inject wells

Results and discussion4

XCO2a(-): 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

100 year

XCO2a(-): 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

200 year

XCO2a(-): 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

300 year

XCO2a(-): 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

400 year

XCO2a(-): 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

500 year

Conclusions5

XCO2a(-)

0.05500.05000.04500.04000.03500.03000.02500.02000.01500.01000.0050

Dissolved CO2

500 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

30000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

100 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

300 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

500 year

1Simulation results show that the distances of the CO2 plumes may move 1.4, 3.0 and 4.2 km for Nanchuang formations from the injection point after 100, 300 and 500 years.

Conclusions5

XCO2a(-)

0.05500.05000.04500.04000.03500.03000.02500.02000.01500.01000.0050

Dissolved CO2

500 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 30000 32000-2000

-1500

-1000

Dissolved CO2

X(m)

Z(m

)

30000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

100 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

300 year

X(m)

Z(m

)

28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000-2000

-1500

-1000

500 year

2

The results show that the CO2 plumes will migrate 100m to Kueichulin and Nankang formations from the injection point after 300 years. The the plumes will migrate 420m and 130m to Kueichulin and Nankang formations after 500 years.

Thank You!

Questions ???