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Science and Technology- Part I

Q.3. A] Continue.3] Read the paragraph and answer the following

question.The centre of mass of an object at which the totalmass of the object can be assumed to be concentred.The centre of mass of a spherical object havinguniform density is at its geometrical centre. Thecentre of mass of any object having uniform densityis at its centroid.

a] Where can the total mass of an object be assumedto be concentrated?

Ans.: at the center of the mass of object.b] Where is the centre of mass located for an object

of uniform density?Ans.: At its centroid.c) Where is the center of mass located for a

spherical objects?Ans.: At its geometrical centre.4] Define the Following terms : -a] Optical centre:Ans.: The imaginary point on the lens through which the

light ray passes undeviated is called optical centre.b] Focal lengthAns.: The distance between optical centre and principal

focus is called focal length of a lens.c] Principal axisAns.: The point on the principle axis where all the

incident rays parallel to the principle axis actuallymeet or apply to meet is called principal focus.

5] Complete the Following flow chart.

6] Write the electronic configuration and valancyfrom first 20 elements.

7] What is solenoid? Compare the magnetic fieldproduced by a solenoid with the magnetic field ofa bar magnet. Draw neat figure and name variouscomponents.

Ans.: Solenoid : 1] Whena copper wire with aresistive coating iswound in a chain oflooks it is calledsolenoid. 2] When anelectric current ispassed through asolenoid magnetic

field is produced in it. 3] The magnetic lines of forceare similar to that of the lines of a bar magnet. 4]Solenoid has all properties of the field produced bya bar magnet. 5] One end of the coil acts as the southpole while the other as the north pole.Various Components are-a] Copper wire with Resistive coatingb] Battery c] Plug key

8] How can corrosion of metals be prevented? Writeany three methods?

Ans.: Various methods are used to protect metals fromcorrosion.1] Paint the surface to perfect the iron we can paintthe surface of iron. 2] Galvanizing : Give coal ofhighly reactive zinc on iron to protect it fromcorrosion is called galvanizing. 3] Tinning : Bygiving coat of tin or Braze surface we can protect itfrom corrosion. 4] Alloy: By mixing of two or moremetals or metal and non-metal to protect them fromcorrosion.

Q.4. Solve the following sub-questions. (Any One) (5)1] What are the factors which affect the rate of a

chemical reaction?Ans.: The rate of reaction depends upon the following

factors.1] Nature of the reactants.

a] 2Na(g) + O2(g) → 2No2(g) → Fast2Co(g) + O2(g) → 2(O2g) → SlowThese reaction appear to be similar but the first is

fast while second is slow. This is due to the difference inthe amounts of energies which are required for breakingup of difference bonds and different amount of energiesare released in the formation of different bonds.2] 2Al + 6Hcl → 2Acl3 + 3H2↑

Zn + 2Hcl → Zncl2 +H2↑Ans.: Al and Zn react with dilute hydrochloric acid H2

gas is liberated and water soluble salts of the metalsare formed. However, the reaction of aluminiummetal takes place faster as compared to zinc metal.The nature of metal is responsible for this difference.Al is more reactive than zn. Therefore, the rate ofreaction of Al with hydrochloric acid is higher than

that of zinc Nature of reactivity of reactantsinfluences the rate of a chemical reaction.ii] Concentration of the reactants greater then faster isthe reaction conversely as the concentrations of thereactants decrease the rate of reaction also decreasesdilute Hcl reacts slowly with Caco3 and therebyCaCo, disappears slowly and Co2 also liberatesslowly on the other hand the reaction withconcentrated Hcl takes place rapidly and CaCo3disappears fast concentrated acid reacts faster thandilute acid which mean that rate of reaction isproportional to the concentration of reactants.iii] Temperature- The rate of reaction increases withincrease of temperature. In most of the cases the rateof reaction becomes nearly double for look rise oftemperature. In same cases reactions do not takesplace at room temperature but take place at highertemperature. iv] Catalyst; A catalyst generallyincreases the speed of a reaction without itself beingconsumed in the reaction. In case of reverse reactiona catalyst helps to attain the equilibrium quicklywithout disturbing the state of equilibrium. v] Size ofthe particles of reactants for a reaction involving asolid reactant or catalyst smaller the particle sizegreater is the surface area and faster is the reaction.vi] Presence of light : Some reactions do not takeplace in the dark but can take place in the place in thepresence of light like photosynthesis orphotochemical reaction.

II] Write the IUPAC name following compounds.

A] C3 H7 OH = 1 PropaneB] CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Cl = 1-Chloropropane

C] CH3 - - H = -Ethanol

D] CH3 - - C2H5 = butanoneE] CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CooH = butanoic acid

oÜÜC

oÜÜC

Elements/Symbol

AtomicNo

Electronic configuration Valancy

K L M NSodium Na 11 1 8 1 1

Magnesium Mg 12 2 8 2 2

Aluminium Al 13 2 8 3 3

Silicon S 14 2 8 4 4

Phosphorous P 15 2 8 5 3

Sulphur S 16 2 8 6 2

Chlorine Cl 17 2 8 7 1

Argon Ar 18 2 8 8 0

Potassium K 19 2 8 8 1 1

Calcium Ca 20 2 8 8 2 2

ElementsSymbol

AtomicNo

Electronic configuration Valancy

K L M NHydrogen H 1 1 1

Helium He 2 2 0

Lithium Li 3 2 1 1

Beryllium Be 4 2 2 2

Boron B 5 2 3 3

Carbon C 6 2 4 4

Nitrogen N 7 2 5 3

Oxygen O 8 2 6 2

Fluorine F 9 2 7 1

Neon Ne 10 2 8 0

IRNSS

fix the location of anyplace on the earth’s

surface in terms of itsvery precise attitude

and longitude.

Weather study andprediction

Study of Forest desertsocean etc,

and management ofnatural resources

INSATand

GSAT

I.R.S.

Navigationalsatellite

Weathersatellite

Earth’sobservation

IRNSS

Weather study andprediction

Earth’sobservation

rxs

S.S.C. Board Exam, Model Activity Sheet for Practice-(1)

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