Feasibility Industrial Shkodra

Adriatic Cooperation for Industrial Development NPPA INTERREG III A / CARDS PHARE

This project is funded by the European Union

Feasibility study for the

development of industrial

areas of Scutari – ALBANIA

Ottobre – 2008

Feasibility Study for the development of industrial area of Shkodra – October 2008

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Feasibility study for the development ofthe industrial area of Shkodra

October 2008


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October 2008


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October 2008


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INDEX

Chapt. I° INTRODUCTION Page. 4

Chapt. II° THE OPERATIVE MODALITY OF THE INTERVENTION Page. 6

Chapt. III°TRACES OF THE INDUSTRIAL HI STORY OFSHKODER Page. 8

Chapt. IV° MACROECONOMIC OUTLINE OF ALBANIA Page. 17

Chapt. V° THE INDUSTRIAL PARC OF SHKODER Page. 29

Chapt. VI° ASPECTS OF THE ACTUAL SITUATION Page. 38

Chapt.VII° THE NEW INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN ALBANIA Page. 50

Chapt.VIII°

CRITICALITY AND POTENTIALITY OF THEINDUSTRIAL AREA OF SHKODER Page. 53

Chapt. IX° THE RECUPERATIVE INITIATIVES LAUNCHED Page. 60

Chapt. X° PROPOSALS AND IDEAS FOR THE REUSE Page. 64

Chapt. XI° CONCLUSIONS Page. 68

ATTACHMENTS


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INDEX








Chapt.VIII°





ATTACHMENTS


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INDEX








Chapt.VIII°





ATTACHMENTS


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ATTACHMENTS

A) MAPS

A.1) Industrial park of Shkoder

A. 2) Urban development plan of Shkoder

A.3) The new road network of Shkoder

B) PROPOSALS OF RECUPERATION – MANUFACTURE OF THE EXCIGARETTES’ FACTORs

B.1) Aerial and panoramic photo of the ex fabric of tobacco andcigarettes and of the fabric of cigarettes.

B.2) Proposals for the reuse of the buildings of the ex fabric of tobaccoand cigarettes of the fabric of cigarettes.

B.3) Panoramic photos of the industrial area and a proposal ofreutilization of an industrial shed.

C) EXAMPLES OF INDUSTRIAL RECOVERED SITES

C.1) Dafinor Shpk

C. 2) Progress Metal G Shpk

C.3) Adelchi – Bertton Sh.p.k.

C.4) G.r.e.n Shoe S.r.l.

D) EXAMPLES OF DIFFICULT RECOVERABLE SITE

D.1) Tannery and manufacture of leather

E) TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE LOCALIZATION OF THE EVALUATIONPARAMETRES OF RECUPERATION INTERVENTIONS


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ATTACHMENTS

A) MAPS









C.1) Dafinor Shpk








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ATTACHMENTS

A) MAPS









C.1) Dafinor Shpk








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Chapt I°) INTRODUCTION

Structure of the document

The present document is substantially divided into two parts:

- The first has a descriptive character that illustrates the arguments of proper thematicanalysis for the aim of the present study.

- The second is illustrated through elaborated graphics and photographs (attachments) fora tangible presentation either of the fact situation, with its h istorical evolutions, or of theconsequent proposals.

The present document represents the product realized as a consequence on the behalf ofTEULEDA – The Agency for the Local Economic Development of Shkoder – which is holderofthe project INTERREG TRANSFRONTALIERO ADRIATICO with the title Project ACIND -Adriatic Cooperation for Industrial Development – at the Interconsulting Studio of Venezia.

The INTERCONSULTING Studio of the Ing. Loris Favero of Venezia , called previouslyINTERCONSULTING, has realised the present actions with :

- The employment of its own consultants that have operated in Albania, in the areas of Shkoderand Tirana, as well as by the studio in Venezia

- The use of local professional resources regarding the graphic survey nd process- The informative cooperation of the local entrepreneurs- The prforming of meetings with Local Institutions and Entrepreneurship associations, such as

Communes of Shkodra, Northern Albania Development Union(USNA), and localentrepreneurships.

- The performing of meetings aimed at the Albanian and Italian entrepreneurs for the launchingof the operations of macthing aim for the development of joint initiatives.

The mix of consulting and professional assistance used in the realization of specific actionspreviously described, have allowed reaching the multiple results pre-arranged in the proposedtopic.

It has been particularly kept as evidence the finality to motivate the economic cooperation whichwas productive through the development of strategic areas with indu strial destino and especially theterritorial re-qualification, in eco-supporting optic, of the area with industrial destination placed in thenorth-east suburbs of the town of Shkoder called “Industrial Park of Shkoder”

The principal finalities of the present initiatives regard:


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1. the study and the presentation of proposals for the reuse of productive areas in theindustrial zone of Shkoder with indication of the feasibility of proposed initiatives.

2. the launching of a cooperative dialogue among the produc tive realities that could beaggregated in such areas.

3. the promotion for the launching of bilateral initiatives of Italian -Albanian industrialcooperation aiming as well at the reuse of productive areas proposed by the LocalCommunity,

4. the launching of matching activities among the Venetian and Albanian entrepreneurships5. the predisposition of necessary indicators and parameters for economic and convenience

evaluations.

The activities of the consulting have been structured in the following actions:

Action A)o Historical social research for the industrial development of Shkoder and analysis

of the actual factors of criticism and potentiality.o The survey of the productive areas of the Industrial area of Shkoder and

representation of them.

Action B)o Census of the productive significant products that could find it necessary the

installation in such areas.o Research of inter-boundary initiatives (Italy and Albania) that could be collocated/

collocazione in such areas.

Action C)o Elaboration of a proposal for the reuse of the offered areas underlining the

convenience and the development opportunities.o Study of proposals of feasibility for the use of play areas and buildings of the

industrial area of Shkoder.

Chapt II°) THE OPERATIVE MODALIT IES OF INTERVENTION


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evaluations.













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evaluations.













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The operative modalities of the present intervention

Like all the interventions of analysis and study there have been defined the operative modalitiesof development of intervention and therefore there are displayed the specific actions thatInterconsulting has developed in the sphere of the activities of consultingconsisting of : study,analysis, projection and definition of the final proposals.

The intervention of consulting has been developed according to the following phase/proj ectactions:

- PHASE 1) “Survey of the productive areas of the industrial area of Shkoder”

The activity has been developed in the realisation of an analysis turned to the production of theexistence of the indicated productive areas, finalis ed by their revitalisation and productiverestructuring in eco-compatible key.

The referring information, aimed at effect the survey of the state of fact, has touched the followingaspects:

- Localisation of the site, dimensions, infrastructure; state of conservation; feasibility,Access; etc.

- Vocation at specific productive sectors; strong points and characteristic valenze; weakpoints and criticism.

- Substantial survey of the current possible proposals.

The survey phase has been developed through the elaboration of adeq uate technical-descriptiveforms for the collecting of the information and they have been completed together with theresponsible by the public and private structures involved in the initiative.

Teuleda has favoured the access to the present institution al information, relative to thearguments, objects of analysis.

It has been therefore possible elaborate a mapping of all the available areas and evaluate thepossibility of an effective use.

The elaborated graphics bring back the reproduction of the named areas.


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- PHASE 2) “Census of the productive significant sectors that could find necessaryinstallation in such areas”

The activity has been allowed in the research of Albanian and Italian firms to realise a monitoringof the productive comparts that more than any other could launch a short initiative of commercialindustrial cooperation.

The sectors of cooperation have been individuated in the following comparts:- Manufacture (clothes, textile, shoe, etc.)- Building trade (new materials, logistic for shipbuilding etc)- Metal mechanic (mechanic work, stamping plastic materials; etc.)- Environment and energy (new sources of energy: fotovoltaiche applications, biomass,

eolico, etc)- Manufacture (restoration, conservation, building trade);- Pharmaceutics;- Agro aliment;- Extracing minerals

The phase has been developed through visits and interviews aimed by the firms, usingappropriate forms of collecting data, purposely studied and predisposed according to therequirements.

- PHASE 3) “The elaboration of a proposal for the use of the areas offered evidencing theconveniences and opportunities of development.”

The result of this phase is concretised in the realisation of the elaborated present that bringstogether, after an opportune analysis, the results of the previous propaedeutic actions to thepredisposition of the present proposal having as objective to the redaction of the present “Studyof feasibility for industrial areas in the area of Shkoder”

The document could become a means of appreciated in terest for the diffusion of the resultsachieved with the realisation of this project, offering an important instrument to the localcommunity for the support of the entrepreneurship initiatives.


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Chapt. III°) HINTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF SHKODER

SHKODER (Scutari)

It has been considered necessary a calling back to the industrial history of this territory torepresent the aspects of the propension of the same, intense and as population towards thecommercial and productive activities.

The city of Shkoder is situated in North -East of Albania, at the border with Montengero, 30 kmaway from the Adriatic sea, in a strategic position for Albania with the bordery countryMontenegro and Adriatic sea.

SHKODER (Scutari) is one of the antique Albanian cities, an important economic and culturalcentre with about 190.000 inhabitants. It is expanded in the meridian part of the over Shkodervalley by the lake of Shkoder (Liqeni i Shkodres), between the rivers of Drini and Bune, themontuosa chain of Tarabosh and the castle of Rozafat.

Shkoder, the only city with the majority of Catholics in Albania, with a very open vision towardsWest. The city preserves still the antique traditions in the productive activities connected to themanufacture. Shkoder has for centuries developed close relationships with the SerenissimaVeneziana.

The story proves that the town of Shkoder since ancient times has been an environment ofculture with honourable traditions in many fields of music, painting, architecture, literatur e, etc.

The first encounters of the productive economic activity date back around the XVII century, amoment in which the city under the Turkish domain started to prosper and became the centre ofthe sanjak, administrative Turkish units.

This became the economic centre northerner Albania, there were opened fabrics of cotton, gunsand the first silver manufactures were produced. There were constructed two -floor buildings, thebazaar and the bridge of Mesi (Ura e Mesit) on the river Kir. The road activity built during thesecond half of the XVIII century, presents a length of about 100 metres, with 13 arches of stone,the biggest is 12 metres high and 22 metres large.

In the XVIII century the city became the centre of the pashallek of Shkodra, under thegovernment of the Bushati family, which ruled from 1757 until 1831. fter their fall, the people ofShkoder made many resurrections against the Ottomans, during 1833 -1836, 1854, 1861-1862,and 1869. Shkodra became an important commercial centre in the secon d half of the XIX century.

The seminar of the Jewish and the council of the Franciscans was opened at the same XIXcentury.

Shkodra had an important role during the Prizren association, the liberal Albanian movementwhere the Albanians participated and defended the Albanian land.


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SHKODER (Scutari)


The city of Shkoder is situated in North -East of Albania, at the border with Montengero, 30 kmaway from the Adriatic sea, in a strategic position for Albania with the bordery countryMontenegro and Adriatic sea.










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SHKODER (Scutari)


The city of Shkoder is situated in North-East of Albania, at the border with Montengero, 30 kmaway from the Adriatic sea, in a strategic position for Albania with the bordery countryMontenegro and Adriatic sea.










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In the XIX century the Shkodra was described as culture town. The Bushati bookstore, builtduring 1840, served as centre for the Prizren League. Many books were collected in bookstoresof Catholic missionaries that worked in Shkoder. There were formed the literature, the culture andthe associations of sport, such as "Bashkimi" and "Agimi". It was opened here the first typographyand in 1555 the Missal of Gjon Buzuku was created, the first document in Albanian language.

The Marubi family, constituted an incredible photo archive that collected photos of the Albanianhistory; during the free Albanian movement and the raise of t he Albanian flag in Vlora, itsnegative went over 150.000. furthermore Pietro Marubi immortalise d other moments as well,significant to the Albanian history during the end of the XIX century and of the beginning of XXcentury.

The city was object of conquer, conquer by confined such as Serbs and Montenegrins until theAustrians against which they opposed with local resistance movements between the end of theXIX centuryuntil the beginning of the XX century.

Productive and commercial activity in Shkoder in the second half of the XIX century

During the second half of the XIX century, when Al bania was at the end of the Turkish Empire, itwas noticed a certain economic and commercial development, specially in the main Albaniancities among which was Shkoder. In fact, the Decree of the Ottoman Empire of the 1861 allowedthe local Albanian authorities to directly give the permissions and licences to the Albanians for theopening of the own manufacture and commercial activities.

In the coming years, it was finally opened the road to free competition for the manufacturers andcommercials in the determination of the prices according the rule of the free market, a meetingbetween demand and offer, and as a consequence it asked to lowerthe roduction costs andincrease the volume of production.

During the end of the XIX century there were many turns activities such as:Sea transport; exchange; shoe trade; trade of food; working with iron; manufacture of clothes;manufacture of the national clothes with embroidery in gold and silk; watches; hotel.

The products that were at the time imported to Shk oder were:1. Food2. Dried fruits3. Material for building trade4. Metals5. Pharmacy6. Oil7. Alcohol8. Map

The products on the other hand they wre eexported from Shkoder abroad were:1. Animals2. Skin of animals half-worked3. Wool


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4. Wood for the fire5. Grain and mais6. Fish7. Tobacco8. Tissues of silk and wool

Nel 1880 il valore dei prodotti che venivano esportati da Scutari verso l’estero costituiva il 54%del totale del valore dei prodotti che venivano importati dall’estero a Scutari.

I due punti importanti da dove entrava e usciva tut ta la merce a Scutari erano:1. Il Porto di Shengjin – a Lezha – dove le navi Italiane e Austriache delle grandi società di

trasporto marittimo come la “Pulia”, “Adria” e “Llojdi” venivano due volte alla settimana asbarcare nel porto dell’Nord Albania.

2. Oboti – nelle vicinanze del Fiume Buna - dove veniva la nave austriaca (Bojana) ogni 15giorni

Lo sviluppo del commercio portò anche all’esigenza e al bisogno di servizi legati alle attivitàfinanziarie e del movimento più veloce della moneta così come anche lo sviluppo del settore dicambio moneta. Si vede quindi nascere la prima Cassa di risparmio che era La Banca AgricolaOttomana (Ziraat Bankasi) la quale effettuava anche operazioni di concessione dei debiti a medioe lungo termine ai nuovi imprenditori e c ommercianti di Scutari.In questo clima si vedono le nuove Agenzie di Assicurazione di Generali aprirsi a Scutari,Durazzo e Valona. Si apre a Scutari la prima Camera di Commercio, il Tribunale, Uffici Postali eAgenzia di trasporto marittimo.Circa 60 imprese produttive e commerciali di Scutari avevano i loro agenti o rappresentanticommerciali a Trieste, i quali servivano come punto di riferimento informativo e commerciale conil mercato italiano ed austriaco.In questi anni di sviluppo economico prendono vita anche le prime iniziative industriali. Alcuniartigiani e commercianti arricchiti velocemente cominciano a portare a Scutari i primi macchinariper la lavorazione della materia prima locale. Si vedono le prime macchine motorizzate cheeffettuano la lavorazione del filo di seta.

Le piccole fabbriche che vengono aperte in questi anni a Scutari sono: Fabbrica di produzione di sapone (180 tonnellate all’anno) Fabbrica di produzione di pasta Fabbrica di produzione di stoffa in lana e cottone Fabbrica della produzione del vino e dell’accetto Fabbrica delle sigarette (con 100 operai nel periodo migliore) Produzione di Laterizi – Tegole Lavorazione del grano Tipografia Piccolo cantiere navale

The constitution of these firms, wvwn though slow, indicaed that Shkoder was in the way ofstarting the economic and commercial development. But it must be underlined that all these firmshad a reduced capacity if reproductive number of employers.However, the installing of the produced articles from the fabrics was a little in comparison to thoseput in the local market from the many small manufacturers that worked and with their productsfilled the inner market.


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The first fabrics and the first manufacturers present in Shkoder since the beginning of the XXcentury but they never managed to effectuate the quality leap for their transformation into a realand proper industry.

The factors that have negatively marked in the economic-industrial development of Shkoder arethe following:

1. every year a great sum of money, collected through the fiscal system of the ottomanEmpire, was sent to Istanbul to enrich the Turkish administration. To give an example thatthe Albanian wealth was directly sent to Turkey, you should take into consideration thefollowing data: 80% of the complex import constituted by the fiscal tax revenue collectedevery year from the Albanian citizens was transferred in Turkey and only 20% remainedin Albania to support the public administration. This policy has been followed in the 1860 -1912 until independence of Albania by the Ottoman Empire.

2. In Albania entered goods by the foreign markets and especially from Austria and Italythrough the sea different products with very low customs duties. European product whichwere more competitive, than albaninan ones, strongly reducted the inner demand toward

These two factors have contributed in principle negatively in the productive and commercialactivity of the Albanian fabrics and especially in those of the city of Shkoder.

The fabrics of Shkoder not be ing able to compete with products of the European market of highquality, and the other part suffocated by the west fiscal system, have entered into a strong crisisthat has brought a heavy deterioration to the Albanian economic system.

The consequence of this was perceived already in the first years of the XX century where thecommercial balance had changed a lot. The value of the products imported was three times thevalue of the exported products.

This strong commercial deficit that has continued fo r decades even during the First World War,has brought the Albanian economy into a limit situation.

A help and support to the Albanian economy was provided the income of the Albanian emigrantsin the countries of the Western Europe and in America, and t hey have been supporting theirfamilies for years.

At the end of the first Balkan war, the 28 November 1912, some political exponents of the country– among whom Ismail Qemali – declared independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empirewhile the country entered a civil and political disorder. Several governments followed trying todevelop a laic county, independent and democr atic. Such tentative were supported by theintellectual elites, by small and medium urban and nationalist bourgeoisie, by the nobility andrepresentatives of high class of the nationalist Albanian families an by the community boundedwith the Albanian Diaspora in Europe and in USA, with the support and intervention of the Societyof Nation in the ‘20s.

The process of democratic and laic reform was interrupted by the political – military coup-d’etatlead by Ahmet Zogu, that transformed the nation in a monarchy, self declaring king with the nameZog I.


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During 1924-1943 there developed intensive bilateral economic relationships between Albaniaand Italy.

From 1924 to 1939, Shkoder had a slow industrial development. Small factories producing foodand cloth were opened, and the production of cement was launched as well. In 1924 their numberwas around 43 units, in 1938 there existed 70.

Shkoder was the shelter of Catholic Archbishops. In fact, there weer opened many religiousschools. The first laic school was opened in 1913, and the state gymnasium was opened in 1922.

In 1937 it was founded the communist group of Shkoder. It was the largest Albanian organizationthat spread its ideology in the whole Europe.

During the Second World War, the inhabi tants of the city fought against the Italian armed forcesand resisted long with demonstrations and attacks. The resistance was organized by thecommunists that later formed the fighting group of the Partisans.

During the 50 years of communist regime t hat followed, Albania was a national – communistcountry, extremely isolationist, Stalinist and anti – revisionist, which dedicated few energies to thepolitical cooperation with the other communist countries. The country, saved by a fiercecommunist dictatorship, suffered an international isolation and a grave economicunderdevelopment. Il

In the city of Shkoder, like in all Albania every kind of private initiative was suspended. All themanufacture, fabrics, typographies, agricultural properties, shops etc. of private property werenationalized in the first years of the communist regime. The entrepreneurs found themselveswithout any good or civil and human right.

There were the years of terror and human tortures towards the intellectuals e the medium -highclass of Albania.

The productive reality, starting from 1950s until the 1990s was state – owned, thus havingcancelled the existence of any productive form of private origin. Consequently every economic –productive initiative started only after a decision of government high levels.

The economic state politics has addressed Albania according to the 5 -year-development five-yearplanning. The decisions are taken at a central level to arrive then at the executive levels to thelocal authorities for every type of investment

In the ’60 ÷‘80s the economic development of the city of Shkoder has lived a period of opening ofnew state fabrics in different sectors.

The industrial reality of the city of Shkoder consisted primarily of the flowing types of activities:

Manufacture of the tobacco and production of cigarettes Manufacture of wood and production of diverse furniture


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Production of cloth for clothes Electro mechanics Building trade Cementmakers Artistic works Production of electric cables Production of various foods Manufacture of leather Production of shoes Factory of wood and paper Production and reparation of Pullman Production and reparation of agricultural machines Transport Services

In spite of the variegated productive activity existing in Shkoder, the quality level of the finishedgoods was not satisfactory. The motive consisted in the reduced organising frim capacity, missingthe technological know how and having a low quality of raw materials.

The majority of the products was address ed to the local inner market. But there were as wellproducts that were exported abroad, especially in countries of Eastern Europe. Among theproducts that the state – owned firm that were exported were cigarette, electrical caves,manufacture products that used as raw material hay, artistic products of watermark.

Those few commercial relationships that Albania had during the 50 years of communism, wereonly with the countries of the communist block, there didn’t exist an economic - commercialrelationship with the developed countries of Western Europe.

This almost total closure towards the outside world had very much conditioned not only theeconomic – industrial development of the country, but it had as well negatively conditioned thefreedom of people regarding the human rights, there was the lack of political and religiousfreedom as well.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1991 even in Albania the general situation started to change.

SHkodr was the major centre of democratic movements in 1990 and 1 991. there were manydemonstrations and conflicts with the police forces, when the population asked for the end of thecommunist regime

Under the popular pressure and of the massive escape abroad of the populations, Ramiz Aliasuccessor of the dictator Hoxha, admitted the political pluralism and accepted the first freeelections.


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In 1992 the new elections brought to power the democratic party of Sali Berisha. This was theyear of the turning point for the history of Albania. The results were immediately visible not only inthe political and religious liberty, but in the opening of the borders and especially in the fact thatthere were straight away attracted foreign investments in the country.

In the following years it was one of the best periods in whic h many Italian entrepreneurs amongwhom many from Puglia, decided to internationalise their firms and opened new ones in the mainAlbanian cities.

In Shkoder the two most significant Italian investments were in the sectors of:

1. Shoe : Calzaturificio Adelchi2. Underwear: Cottonella

In 1997 a insurrectionary movement destabilised the country creating non few difficulties to theproductive commercial activities.

Following months of high insecurity, of a strong anger of the population which felt hard done -bythe phantom financial societies that promised high interest rates, but which in the end werediscovered to be a fraud. There was a disastrous initiative that produced another humiliation andsubtraction of those few monetary funds possessed by a population who had just come out of afierce dictatorship.

In a political situation where the presence of the state was practically inexistent, the bands offoolish and criminals who escaped prison, took possession of guns spreading a strong fear andinsecurity.

As a result, the majority of the state – owned firms were attacked, dmaged robbed and some ofthem even burned.

The revolts and the difficult situation brought to the anticipated political elections. The elections of1998 were won by the socialist oppos ition, lead by Fatos Nano. Rexhep Meidani took the positionof S. Berisha as president of the Republic.

One year later with a referendum it was approved the new Constitution and the inner agitationprovoked the dismissal of Nano where Pandeli Majko enters into the scene. Ilir Meta was incharge of forming the new government.

The large influx of refugees from Kosovo in 1999 following some movements in that country,made possible that a part of the refugees arrive to Shkoder. It was meant to give hospitality tosuch refugees in the building of the of the ex tobacco and cigarettes firm and there are stillremained traces of the modifications made to make the furniture inhabitable.

The recent historical evolution has seen many foreign entrepreneurs, main ly Italians, approachingthis country with different types of initiatives. From these though, only a part is still present, theothers have retied. The essential reason of the retirement of the first foreign entrepreneurs in


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Albania is mainly related to the general instability that was created in the country in 1997 as wellas in the following 2 – 3 years. But at the basis of this phenomenon, there are also the followingreasons:

1. The population, and therefore even the potential economic operators, were not ready toperceive the change conserving all the problematic and negative factors of the communistregime (concept of ownership, abuse of the welfare state, motivation, poverty, etc.).

2. there weren’t the right conditions in the country to launch or manage a ccording to theEuropean examples the entrepreneurship activities, including the firms conceivedaccording to the communist model applied in Albania, after thorough evaluations. Theculture of entrepreneurship was still inexistent.

3. the entrepreneurs that dared hadn’t profoundly analysed the country, its situation, or thepersons proposed to cooperate in launching the activities individuated as business.

In 2005 after the last elections, the Democratic Party came into power with the Prime M inister SaliBerisha.

From the historical analysis that precedes it can be affirmed that only lately (4/5 years) thecountry has hired a behavioural aspect according the European models. Even the area ofShkoder has changed and is following the transformations, even of mentality of the mostadvanced parts of the country.

The story of this city and of its territory proves that the local social cloth is able to interact withother populations and cultures, to achieve what could be advantageous to achieve in this part ofAlbania.


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THE POTENTIALS OF THE LOCALITY OF SHKODER

As illustrated in the previous historical economic analysis, the area of Shkoder can offer eveninteresting logistic potential for the development of the economic and productive activities eventhough it could seem decentralised in comparison the big axes: Tirana - Durazzo

As it can be noticed from the map, it can interact with territories and economic konteste of greatinterest, Albanian as well as foreign, and be an important crossway of trafficking and transborderservices.

All the potentials of the logistic factor could be associated by the historical cultural background ofthe local population that could support important initiatives of interaction with operators, local orforeign ones.

The union thus of these factors: Strategic territory, Infrastructural axes, Qualitative level of the populaton Opening of the Local Administrations Industrial history

Allow to create the basis for initiatives of rebirth and of economic development of the area.


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Chapt. IV°) MACROECONOMIC FRAME OF ALBANIA

This chapter serves to frame better the object of the present study regarding the ongoing of thewhole country. It represents a general view of the country seen in the optic of the Albanian –Italian relations and it constitutes a reference for the constatation of the fact situation and for theconnection with the conclusive proposals of the present document.

1) MACROECONOMIC FRAME

1.1) Economic ongoing and risks of the country

The Albanian economy keeps growing with an average of 6% annual taking into consideration theperiod 2003-2007, however it remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. According to theBank of Albania the income pro-capita in 2007 has been about USD 3.200, and the tax ofunemployment 13,5%.

About 60% of the labour occupies the agricultural sector although the construction and servicessectors are quickly expanding. However in 2007 the sector of building trade suffered a reductionof 19% because of the lack of issuing permissions to bui ld, in spite of the high demand ofinvestments.

Despite the growth of the PIL of about 6 % for the 2007, the annual inflation has been attested3% with a strong increase of the food products in the last period of the year.

The deficit of the balance for 2007 has reached 344,9 million Euro and it is foreseen a worseningof such trend for the 2008 where it should reach 7,9% of PIL, while the public debt in 2007reached 54,1% of PIL.

The custom rent in 2007 has been favourably going registering an in crease of 16% compared tothe previous year, going over the 2% predicted by the Finance Minister.

Even the foreign sector has been characterized by a continuous increase of the deficit of thecurrent partes and of the commercial balance which in 2007 reached 22% of PIL.

The agriculture that represents 1/3 of the PIL is stagnant because of the frequent draught and ofthe absence of an adequate modernisation. Almost the whole 2007 is characterized by draughtand non – favourable climatic conditions for the agricultural production and by a strong energeticcrisis especially in summer period.

The climatic conditions, the problems relative to the infrastructure of the energetic sector, the lackof energy supply from abroad are reflected on the internal p roduction and on the commercial andservices balance.The touristy sector is improving and it has been approved a new law for the developing of theservices. In 2007 there was an increase of 11% of tourists in comparison to 2006.


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However, the main support factor to the Albanian economy remains the one from the income fromabroad, mainly from Greece and Italy that help the imports and consequently the commercialdeficit.

The energy sector has strongly conditioned the economic growth for the production lack, isbecoming an urgent sector and the government has undertaken expansion policies to recuperatethe strong dis-level between the national demand and production. It is initiated the constructionand reconstruction of various thermoelectric and hydroel ectric centrals and new initiatives are onthe way, to use the oil resources in Central – South Albania.The macroeconomic data of the official Albanian economy do not include the submergedeconomy that has reached very high levels.Recently the Albanian authorities have launched some mechanisms among which the prohibitionto make cash transactions above a certain sum of money (about Euro 2.300), aiming at reducingsuch phenomenon.

The SACE (a group which operates in the sector of credit insurance, protection of investment,financial cautions and guarantees) keeps Albania at the 6th category of risk (minimum riskcategory 0, maximum risk category 7 ). However, the fact that the country has undertaken a wideprogram of reforms makes possible for the medi um – long prospective period to be favourable. Itis hoped that in a near future the country can enter the 5 th category of risk.

Though the international observers the risk rating of the country at a high level.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

P.I.L. (increase %) 6 6 5,5 5 6 (*)

P.I.L. (mil $) 5.600 7.452 8.382 9.136

Income pro-capita $ 1.806 2.329 2.619 2.855 3.150

Tax of inflation 3,3 2,2 2,0 2,4 3,0

Commercial balance -1.243 -1.276 -1.476 -1.685 -2.134

Imports (mil. €) 1.638 1.762 2.006 2.316 2.918

Exports (mil. €) 395 485 530 630 784

Income (mil. €) 782 1.028 939 933

I.D.E. (mil. €) 158 278 224 260 370 (a)

Unemployment tax 15,0 14,6 14,2 13,8 13,6 (b)

% Deficit balance/PIL 4,5 5,1 3,6 3,1

Source: Bank of Albania


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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

P.I.L. (increase %) 6 6 5,5 5 6 (*)

P.I.L. (mil $) 5.600 7.452 8.382 9.136


Tax of inflation 3,3 2,2 2,0 2,4 3,0


Imports (mil. €) 1.638 1.762 2.006 2.316 2.918

Exports (mil. €) 395 485 530 630 784

Income (mil. €) 782 1.028 939 933

I.D.E. (mil. €) 158 278 224 260 370 (a)





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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

P.I.L. (increase %) 6 6 5,5 5 6 (*)

P.I.L. (mil $) 5.600 7.452 8.382 9.136


Tax of inflation 3,3 2,2 2,0 2,4 3,0


Imports (mil. €) 1.638 1.762 2.006 2.316 2.918

Exports (mil. €) 395 485 530 630 784

Income (mil. €) 782 1.028 939 933

I.D.E. (mil. €) 158 278 224 260 370 (a)





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1.2) The level of the opening of the country in the international trade and foreigninvestments

The access of Albania to the World Trade Organization, in September 2000, has allowed theapplication in loco of the policies and rules of the international trade, that assure the foreigninvestors the equality of treatment in the trade relations.

The country enjoys a preferential access in the market of the European Union, benefiting thefiscal tax breaks on exports.

On 12 June 2006 the European Union and Albania have signed an agreement of stabilisation andassociation (ASA/MSA) and a further Interim Agreement that allows the free import of goods fromcountries of the European Union.

Such agreements are ratified by the Albanian parliament on the 3 August 2006. The InterimAgreement entered into power 1° December 2006 and based on the new normative 83% of theindustrial products imported in Albania from the countries of the European Union is exempted bycustoms taxes.

For the remaining 17% (that includes hydrocarbon, fertilisers, plastic products, etc.) it is foressena gradual reduction of the entrygases in a period of five years.

Furthermore, in the frame of the Stability Pact, Albania in the previous years has concludedagreements of free exchange with some countries of the Balkan area.

From 1° May 2007, Albania is part of CEFTA (Central European Agreement on Free Exchange )where adhere also countries like C roatia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro andMoldavia. Such agreement is important for the creation of an area of free regional exchangealways advancing to actuate a harmonisation of the customs and fiscal normative of the adherentcountries, propaedeutic to a future adherence in the EU.

In 2007 the deficit of the commercial balance has reached the 2.134 million Euro, with anincrement of 26,4 in comparison to the previous year, wighing upon in a relevant way the importof energetic products (+51,5%) to stand for the continuous heavy crisis that the c ountry is facing.

In 2007, the Albanian foreign trade had an increment of 25,6% reaching 3.702 million Euro.Particularly, the settings have increased with 26% and the exports 24,5% in comparison to theprevious year.

The imports regard mainly the machi nes and equipment (20% of the total); food and beverages(16,6%), energetic products (16,6%), building materials (15,8%), chemical and plastic products(15,8%), textile and shoe wear (10.3%).

About the composition of the exports, at the first place there are the textile and shoes(manufacture à façon) with 43,9%, followed by building materials and metals (15,8%) and food,beverages and tobacco (7,3%).

The main commercial partners of Albania are: Italy , Greece, Turkey, Germany, China andMacedonia.

Following the recent accords for the creation of an area of free exchange there is a net increaseof the percentage of inter -exchange with the Balkan partners especially Bulgaria, Romania,Croatia; in strong increase also the trade with Russia and Ukraine.

Foreign Albanian trade (million EURO)


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Following the recent accords for the creation of an area of free exchange there is a net increaseof the percentage of inter -exchange with the Balkan partners especially Bulgaria, Romania,Croatia; in strong increase also the trade with Russia and Ukraine.



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Following the recent accords for the creation of an area of free exchange there is a net increaseof the percentage of inter-exchange with the Balkan partners especially Bulgaria, Romania,Croatia; in strong increase also the trade with Russia and Ukraine.



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2003 %variat.

2004 %variat.

2005 %variat.

2006 %variat.

2007 %variat

Albanianimport

1.638 10,3 1.762 7,5 2.007 13,9 2.316 15,4 2.918 26

Albanianexport

395 19,6 485 22,7 530 9,2 630 18,8 784 24,4

Inter-exchange 2.033 -7,6 2.247 10,5 2.537 11,4 2.946 14.9 3.702 25,6Saldo -1.243 7,6 -1.277 2,7 -1.477 15,6 -1.686 14,1 -2.134 26,5


Albanian Import 2006-2007 (% on total)

COUNTRIES 2006 % 2007 %1 Italy 28,7 27,132 Greece 15,72 14,563 Turkey 7,62 7,294 China 5,97 6,665 Germany 5,66 5,476 Russia 4,07 4,087 Ukraine 3,83 2,62

Albanian Export 2006-2007 (% on total)PAESI 2006 % 2007 %

1 Italia 72,61 68,092 Greece 9,60 8,323 Germany 3,16 2,454 Macedonia 1,60 2,275 Turkey 1,27 2,276 China 1,10 2,52

1.3) Ongoing of the commercial inter -exchange with Italy

Italy represents the main commercial partner for Albania, with a quote of about 35% of the wholeAlbanian foreign trade.

In 2007 the Albanian imports from Italy increased about 21,72%, while the exports increased16,79%, but the quote of the imports in comparison to the total has decreased from 28,07%, to27,13 and the quote of exports has decreased from 72,61 to 68,09, lowering the quote of theinternal inter-exchange from 37% in 2006 to 35% in 2007.

The main products exported towards Italy are : clothing and shoes (manufacture à façon),construction material, minerals , machines and exchange parts and wood manufacture.

In 2007 there was a rilevante increase of the exports of minerals and energetic products(+148%), the work with wood has increased to 30,39% and the manufacture a façon textiles eandshoe to 11,4%.

The imports from Italy regard carburize, food products, machines and exchange parts, buildingmaterials, chemical and plastic products .


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2003 %variat.

2004 %variat.

2005 %variat.

2006 %variat.

2007 %variat

Albanianimport

1.638 10,3 1.762 7,5 2.007 13,9 2.316 15,4 2.918 26

Albanianexport

395 19,6 485 22,7 530 9,2 630 18,8 784 24,4














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2003 %variat.

2004 %variat.

2005 %variat.

2006 %variat.

2007 %variat

Albanianimport

1.638 10,3 1.762 7,5 2.007 13,9 2.316 15,4 2.918 26

Albanianexport

395 19,6 485 22,7 530 9,2 630 18,8 784 24,4














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In 2007 the import of the construction materials had an increase of 37,4% those of the machinesand exchange pieces of 33,5% and of food products 13,5%.

2) CHARACTERIZATION ASPIRING TO THE INTERVENTION

2.1) Evaluation of the commercial penetration of the Italian products on the localmarket

The commercial penetration of the Italian products in Albania is good but it could be extended toother market segments especially in the emergent sectors. In fact, more than 1/3 of the Albanianimports come from Italy.

The “made in Italy” implements a strong fascination on the Albanian consumer. In substance withthe increase of the life tenure it increases also the orientation towards the Italian product of majorlife quality, not only in the clothing and food products, but also in other sectors (decoration,materials for edilizia, etc.).

2.2) Evaluation of the investments directed to and from Italy

During 2000-2007 the foreign investments have gone over the milliard and a half in the first ninemonths of 2007, they were equal to 370 million Euro.

Albania offers notable natural resources such as: petrol, gas, coal, hay, chromo, cave of primarymaterials for building trade, water and potential electrical power.

There are more than 1.000 foreign companies in different European countries and America.

The sectors where there are more investments are the one of telecommunication (35%) and theindustry one (32,5%).

Furthermore, the process of privatisation in act of various states – owned societies presents theopportunity in strategic sectors like the mineral one, of energy, gas, telecommunications, andfinance.

In the last period, many foreign societies have been interested in the construction of hydroelectrical implants and eolic that the government is programming to face the energetic powercrisis and the use of the oil resources of the country.There have been launched in fac t privatisations of diverse state – owned societies such asAlbpetrol, INSIG (state company for the insurances and KESH (National Electric Company of thestate).

For the Italian entrepreneurships there exist good opportunities of investment in this field . Thesociety Albtelecom has been recently sold to a Turkish group (Calik Enerji).Italy occupies the first place regarding the number of the firms with participated capital(51,1%) followed by Greece (24,3%); and then regarding the quantity of investments, Greece


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occupies the first place with 48%, followed by Italy with 30%. The investments coming from thecountries of the European Union are 82% of the total.

About the economic sectors of destination, at the first place it’s the trade (67%), therefore industry(17%) and services (6%).

The Italian investments are mainly concentrated in the western part of the country, along theAdriatic coast.

It is about intervention of small – medium entrepreneurships that operate for the 35% in the builngtrade sector; 21% in the textile and shoes (production “a façon”); 16% in trade and services; 8%in the agro – alimentary industry.

The main strong points that attract the interest of the Italian investors are especially : thegeographical nearness; the favourable climatic conditions; the diffusion of the Italian language inthe local population; the low cost of the half – qualified labour with much lower wages than theItalian ones.

The sectors where it would be desirable to develop a strong action of direct prom otion are:infrastructure, logistics, energetic and public utilities sector , the textile and clothingsector, road and docker structure, which are in a rapid improvement (supported also by theItalian cooperation).

In 2006 the Italian presence in Albania was reinforced with the buying of 80% of the shareholdercapital of the BIA ( Banca Italo Albanese) by the Gruppo Intesa Sanpaolo.

Another Italian bank presence is represnted by the Banca Italiana di Sviluppo (B.I.S) initiallycontrolled by the Banca Popolare of Puglia and from the second semester 20 08 by the VenetoBanca SpA.

From this follows that the presence of qualified financial institutes offers an important support tothe firms of the North – East Italy interested in the investments in Albania.

On the 1° January 2008 entered into power the fiscal reform that should contribute the realisationof a more competitive economy and to create a better climate for the foreign investments.

It has been adopted a flat tax of 10%, while the previous fiscal system foresaw a tax on the firm of20% and a progressive taxation from 1 to 2 0% for the physical persons, while the VAT remainedunvaried at 20%.

2.3) Evaluation of the potentiality of commercial and industrial cooperation inthe sectors of high technolog ical content

There is a strong technological demand in the country, matching the standards of the westerntype.

It is enacted a process to bring the technological aspect of the infrastructure at a higher level.Such a process could generate interesting opportunities for the Italian firms in the energeticsector and the touristy one.

Another interesting sector for the Italian firms is the telecommunication one for the improvementof the internet network and the connected services; it has been required by the Albanian PrimeMinister the intervention of Italian societies for the empowerment of the information connectionbetween Albanian and Italy.


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2.4) Suggestions for the activation of instruments of financial and publicinsurance support for SACE and SIMEST

The SACE has given a signal of appreciation towards this economy reducing the risk of thecountry from the 7° to the 6° category, as indicated above. Such interest and opening towardsAlbania follows auspicabile in the future as well.

Regarding SIMEST, a positive result has been obtained thanks to the extension of Albania to the“Balkan Fund” that consists in a rotating and finalised by the financing of added interventions ofthe SIMEST to favour the constitution of the firms in the member countries.

Beneficiary subjects are the Italian firms that realise investments in some countries with orwithout a local partner. The maximum sum of the participation of the Fund is 516.465 euro foroperating.

Such fund for the number of the countries that it co ntemplates appears still limited and it isdesirable to be incremented in the future after the opportune evaluation of the results.

3) COMMERCIAL POLITICS AND ACCESS TO THE MARKET

3.1) Tariff barriers

Albania, as member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), has progressively reduced thecustoms tariffs on imports, in line with the rules of the organization itself.Based on the new economic relations established by the Agreement, 83% of the industrialproducts imported in Albania by the countries of t he European Union, will be exentuated by thecustoms taxes. For the rest of 17% that includes hydrocarbon, fertilisers, plastic products etc. isforeseen a gradual reduction of the entering gas in a period of five years.

3.2) Non – tariff barriers

High discretion and missing respect for the norms by the operators of public structures,unfortunately still spread in sectors of this economy, end up creating some barriers to thecommercial penetration and investments.

The Italian Embassy and especially the Sportello Unico for the firms operate attentively tomonitor, facilitating thus the dialogue with the entrepreneurs and more transparent decisions ofthis administration.

Thanks to the international support that has made possible the introduction of informatic controlsystems, the customs administration resulted more efficient and transparent being able toachieve always better services.

In 2007, the customs inputs were equal to 765 million Euro registering an increase of 16%compared to the previous year.

3.3) Violations of the norms on the protection of the intellectual propriety rights


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The general discipline regarding the topic of protection of the author’s rights is contained in twodistinct provisions, one on the industrial property and the other on the author’s rights.

In Albania, to be able to register patents, brands, industrial designs and denominations of origin, ithas to be presented a proper request to the Albanian “General Directory brands and patents” .The law provides for the patent a duration of 2 decades; the extension of the deadline for theindustrial designs and for the registered brands it is respectively five and ten years.

On the slope of the author’s right , the law accords a protection at any form of individual creativeactivity. Such norm acknowledges a moral right as much as a moral of use. The law containssome norms that similarly to the Italian norm, regulate the conditions of the inventor that is in themeantime subordinate worker. The Republic of Albania is part o f the European PatentOrganization (EPO) and member of WIPO (World Intellectual Patent Organization).

However, the violations of brands and intellectual ownership are common. This administrationacknowledges the international norm, doesn’t have at disposa l the proper means of verificationand control and looks for the Italian and international assistance to reach the adequate standardsin this material.

3.4) Problematic relative to the foreign investments in the country

In Albania there is a strong growth of the inner competition.

New groups of entrepreneurs in some cases able to control the Albanian media, require withmajor insisting a government protection for their investments particularly by the externalcompetition.

In other terms, in the f rame of the ongoing privatisation, the new Albanian businesspersonsrequire to be inserted. They are united and tend at contrasting the big foreign groups.

Therefore, emerge signals of renovated dynamism of the local entrepreneurship, which – apartfrom the sectors of building trade, commerce, and finance, of the private sanitary assistance – itshows itself more and more aggressive even in strategic sectors such as electrical power,insurance, warehousing, and commercialisation of the hydrocarbon, tele communications.

Thus, the Italian most expert entrepreneurship that appears on this market has among variouspossibilities, the alliance and the joint venture with the local entrepreneurs (if accurately selected)to ensure better development prospective for investment.

Lately it seems to be reactivated a major interest in investing in Albania for the low cost of thelabour force in comparison to the countries of the Balkan area, such as Romania and Bulgaria.Some Italian entrepreneurial groups are moving from Romania set up in Albania.

Regarding the main problems signalled by the Italian societies and by the entrepreneurialassociations operating in Albanian there are :

- Delayed reimburse VAT.

Many Italian business firms in Albania are essentially exp orting. They put the VAT on theinternal purchase and export in exemption. Thus they accumulate some credits, often veryconsiderable in comparison to the Treasury that does not respect the deadlines foreseen bythe norm in force, for the reimbursement.

- Customs problems.


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- Customs problems.


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- Customs problems.


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The operators complain the length of the time necessary for the development of the customspractices.The Albanian government has launched (through one group of inter -ministerial work) aprocess of administrative simplification and eli mination of non-physical barriers aiming atfacilitating the free movement of people and goods.For this problematic the remedy comes from M.O.U. through the Italian Ministry of Economicdevelopment and the Albanian Ministry of Finance relative to the ac tivity of the customs tofavour the development of the commercial relations regarding the project of Corridor VIIIsigned on 5 March 2007.

In February 2008, the mixed Italian – Albanian Commission for the international road andpassengers transport, has increased the reciprocal contingent of the bilateral authorization toadjust them to the progressive increase of the quantity of the goods exchange.

Regarding the investments requiring purchase of territory, it is noticed that still today, there existsin Albania a relevant insecurity on the territory ownership and on the certificate attributed to them,nevertheless the approval by the Parliament, Law n. 9235, on 29.07.2004 “for the per larestitution and compensation of the propriety ”.

4) THE PROMOTIONAL POLICY AND OPERATIVE PROPOSALS OD JOINTINTERVENTION

In the country, there is a high demand of technology according the western standards .At the moment, there is a process to bring the technological aspect of the infrastructure at ahigher level. Such a process could generate interesting opportunities for the Italianentrepreneurships in the energetic sector, touristy one, alimentary, extraction of resources fromsubsoil and building trade.

The Italian Embassy in Albania, the sportello Unico for the entrepreneurships and the ForeignTrade Institute in Tirana, they are giving life to a series of promotional initiatives to bring at a moreimportant level the cooperation between the two countries, not only at an institutional level butalso the one between Italian and Albanian entrepreneurs.

The foreseen initiatives in the sectors considered more dynamic for the System Italy in Albania,have been individuated as follows:

4.1) ENERGY

The promotional action is perceived in three phases consisting in:

1. Market research including a census of the producers / distributors of electrical material of highvoltage such as cables, electrical squares, trellis, etc. in loco . The creation of a link inside thewebpage of the ICE Tirana concluding thus the first phase with e presentation of the researchin Torino and/or Milano for the North Italy and in Bari for the South Italy.

2. Analysis and projecting of an available informative website where it will be published not onlythe study but it will be a website with interactive pages where the Italian entrepreneur can be


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4.1) ENERGY





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4.1) ENERGY





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directly registered expressing its interest as a possible joint venture with Albanianentrepreneurs.

3. Organization of bilateral meetings between the interested firms of both countries.

4. 2) TOURISM PROJECT

There have been held different seminars and others are planned in different Albanian localities, incooperation with the Albanian Union of the touristy operators and other local organizations for themanagement and marketing referring the tourism sector.The workshops, lead by docents and Italian experts, focus on the relative topics on territorialtouristy marketing, in teaching the techniques of management and create p artnership betweenItalian and Albanian firms in the sector .

4. 3) FOOD

To enlarge the knowledge on the Made in Italy products to intensify the commercial rela tionsbetween the two countries , consolidating and increasing the commercial exchanges between theItalian entrepreneurship already present in the market and the moti vation of the introduction ofnew operators.

On this purpose, it is proposed the organization of tasting by the large distribution of typical Italianproducts such as cold cuts, pasta, peeled tomatoes, and wine.

At the moment there is a spread of su permarkets that prepare in their environment a host angleof the high quality products, where the Italian products are even more present. The tasting and aspecific exhibition will be followed by bilateral meetings aiming at the large distribution andparticularly the restore to reach a larger distribution of the typical alimentary products of diverseItalian regions.Therefore, every year (three consecutive years) there will be organized the weeks of exhibitionand tasting of typical alimentary product s by Italian regions, that will be preceded by a publicitycampaign, more articulated in comparison to the previous years.

4. 4) STUDY AND MARKET ANALYSIS ON THE MINERAL SECTOR, ADDRESS: CAVE

1° Year – Although having successfully ended a study valid on the building business sector andmachines for building, there is a lack of detailed information on building materials andvarious components related to them such as the subsoil resources.

The Public Board and Ministries, are not able to supply u pdated data and indications,therefore the Italian firms, that are really intentioned to invest in the cave face arestraining situation for lack of serious studies and realistic maps.The aim of the study is not limited only at the market analysis, bu t it aims as well atthe census of the firms, Italian ones included, that for the moment operate on thesector interviewing them on the encountered difficulties.


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4. 3) FOOD








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4. 3) FOOD








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2° Year - The creation of a link inside the webpage of the ICE Tirana to conclude with apresentation of the research in Italy.

4. 5) THE STUDY IN THE FREE ZONES AND DOCKER STRUCTURES WITH REFLEXESON THE LARGE DISTRIBUTION

There will be promotional actions and study for the sector of the dock worker infrastructureand logistic platforms in function of the large distribution that in Albania, is registering a rapiddevelopment.

The fulfilment of a study would aim at analysing the diverse prospective of the development of theconnection in the dock worker area of Durres with that of Bari , through the creation f twoanalogue logistic platforms made to speed up the commerce between the two countries and thetwo Adriatic shores.This could develop new techniques of marketing and shorten the distributive channels withconsequent reduction of costs and with an increase of sales.

Moreover, the large distribution i n Albania is developing: imminent is the opening of somehypermarkets for the distribution of various general products, among which fresh alimentaryproducts, clothes, electronic, sport, and domestic items.As development indicator in such sector, it is registered that an Italian group, the Conad, hasalready opened three commercial centres and it is opening other 5 in other cities of the country,such as a holding with Albanian c apital is moving into the same direction, with the advantage of aconsistent financing by the BERS.

4. 6) THE TECNOLOGY OF THE INFORMATION AND OF THE COMMUNICATIONIn spite of the presence of the representative of the IBM, HP, Acer, etc, and of two societies ofprojection and programming of software, for firm managing and not only, the market nowadays isinvaded by the obsolete technology, used and no brand name.

Even though having professional graduated by the Electronic Engineering Faculty and Info rmaticsin Tiarana (Albania) that abroad these are not consulted for the projection and the actualisation ofthe vanguard technologies. Thus, the necessary is to be noticed :1°- one market research to individualise the problematic of the sector and the possibility of

assistance and commerce of equipment in the ICT sector for the Italian entrepreneurship ;2° - the intervention of the Institute with a collective ICE of Italian firms of the sector by a local

Fair “International Trade Fair” organized by Klik Eksppo Group, one of the most importantfair companies in the country, accompanied by a seminar of technical presentation .

The sector of informatics is still under the European level and a division that could grow and givemany satisfactions to investors interested to develop it.


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Moreover, the large distribution i n Albania is developing: imminent is the opening of somehypermarkets for the distribution of various general products, among which fresh alimentaryproducts, clothes, electronic, sport, and domestic items.As development indicator in such sector, it is registered that an Italian group, the Conad, hasalready opened three commercial centres and it is opening other 5 in other cities of the country,such as a holding with Albanian capital is moving into the same direction, with the advantage of aconsistent financing by the BERS.







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Moreover, the large distribution i n Albania is developing: imminent is the opening of somehypermarkets for the distribution of various general products, among which fresh alimentaryproducts, clothes, electronic, sport, and domestic items.As development indicator in such sector, it is registered that an Italian group, the Conad, hasalready opened three commercial centres and it is opening other 5 in other cities of the country,such as a holding with Albanian capital is moving into the same direction, with the advantage of aconsistent financing by the BERS.







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Chapt. V°) THE INDUSTRIAL PARC OF SHKODER

The actual structure of the industrial park of Shkoder represents that remains from an industrialsettlement very articulated, set up by the communist regime in the period of its b lossoming, i.e.from 1945 to 1990.

The aim of this chapter is to present the current situation under the urban point of view, or : its lacollocation in town, the spaces, and the infrastructure.

In this area there were present different types of producti ve activities, among these there can becited the most important and precisely :

1. The industry of manufacture of the tobacco and of the production of cigarettes2. The industry of manufacture of wood until to the production of furniture3. The alimentary industry4. the industry for the production on cables5. The agro industry6. The clothing and manufacture7. The manufacture of the leather8. The mechanical manufacture9. The manufacture of the paper10. Other minor activities

By the analysis of the recent story, it can be affir med that in this area there are multiple aspects,of string socio – cultural value, that allow to put the basis for the initiatives in diverse economicfundamental divisions such as :- the commerce- the industry- the agriculture- the tourism- the services

it is on the basis of this competition that the arguments connected to the topic of belief that whenit will be proposed it will have good probabilities of carrying out, have been broadened.

In the tables and graphical representations that follow, there are r epresented the areas, thebuildings, the current utilisations, the indications of propriety aiming at having a first systemicapproach with this examination site under its point of view, even coming from differentexperiences, it intends to get the positive value necessary for one their recuperation.

In addition, it is properly this basic concept on which basis the consul ting has worked after havingverified the real possibilities of feasibility, accepting the proposals that can spring by what is saidin the present report.


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In the following table there are some activities originally developed in the site and confronted tothe actual situation.

Sector original activity Actual Situation and Activity

1) Tobacco manufacture Shoe factory in part

2) Production of cigarettes In disuse

3) Manufacture of wood and furniture Part production of furniture Privatized on behalf of private persons

4) Clothing Privatized - Clothing

5) Mechanics Varnishing outlines in aluminium Serramenti

6) Artistic manufacture Clothing

7) Electro-mechanic Implant

A part for rent, state - owned A part used for:

Production clothing; Manufacture wood, Manufacture artistic ceramics .

8) Fabric of production of electriccables

Manufacture of threads for electrical lines conn ected toa Turkish firm

9) Mill and production of bread Privatized - Production of the flower

10) Collecting and manufacture of milk Manufacture of the wood, production of furniture

11) Food Partially used, the remaining in disuse

12) Manufacture leather In disuse

13) Fabric wood and paperPartly used by small manufacture firmsPartly used with abusive inhabitationsPartly disused

14) Manufacture of bread manufacture profile of aluminium

15) Cement factory In disuse

16) Bus Partially In disuse

17) Machines for agriculture Varnishing of outline in aluminium and systems forserramenti

18) Services Services

19) Transport Transports

20) Building trade Partially used


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Production clothing; Manufacture wood, Manufacture artistic ceramics.
















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Production clothing; Manufacture wood, Manufacture artistic ceramics.
















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To represent the city in its all, it is reported a general vision of this t erritory with some indicationsof productive activity

The industrial area is in the eastern part of the town. In this area have always been situatedthe different industrial firms of small and medium dimensions especially those : Of the manufacture of the metals, Of tobacco, Of wood, Of clothing, Of ceramic, Of agro-industry,

From the general plant of Shkoder it can be e xtrapolated the industrial area that has beenexamined.

Details of this area and of the building can be noticed better in the att achments.

The infrastructure and road network in the industrial area of Shkoder - 1


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CITYCENTRE


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CITYCENTRE


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CITYCENTRE


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Elaborated taken from the regulatoryplan of the city.

The industrial area of Shkoder isdeveloped in a complex of about 157ha.The reported colouring represents thesubdivision of the diverse areas,precisely:- Those of public relevance,- Those private,- Those informal- And finally the residential ones

Division of the areas of the City Regulatory Plan


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The entrepreneurship activities present today in the industrial area of Shkoder

In the actual industrial area, taking into consideration the inheritance of the firms previously there,there are concentrated among small and medium entrepreneurships that develop diverseactivities.Among the various typologies of firms, there exist also forms of joint venture in the sector oftextiles, footwear, food, manufacture of wood .

The majority of the furniture (soil and fabricated) belonging to the ex state – owned firms existingbefore 1990 have been privatised.The remaining parts of public propriety are :

A large part of the big firm of the manufacture of electrical cables The fabric for the production of cigarettes .

Regarding the other public structures which were privatised, there have been carried out manydivisions and breaking downs, including the change of destination of respective use to thepreceding activity.

The general situation indicative and not exhaustive, of the a ctivities and firms now present inShkoder, is represented in the following table :

Nr. The firms according to activities The number of firms

1 Clothing 10

2 Footwear 2

3 Manufacture of wood 7

4 Building trade 8

5 Alimentary production 7

6 Cigarettes production 1

7 Manufacture outline aluminium 1

8 Production of electric cables 1

9 Transport 1

10 Commerce 9

11 Services 5

Total: 52

From these 44 are small medium firms ( classified according to the European definition ) andthose in function of the origin or composition of their capital are subdivided in this form .

Type of society Nr.Foreign 5Join Venture 9Local 30Total 44


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1 Clothing 10

2 Footwear 2


4 Building trade 8





9 Transport 1

10 Commerce 9

11 Services 5

Total: 52




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1 Clothing 10

2 Footwear 2


4 Building trade 8





9 Transport 1

10 Commerce 9

11 Services 5

Total: 52




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Representations of the industrial areas (parcels) of Shkoder according to thetypology of the propriety


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The subdivision of the Industrial Park according to the typolo gy of the propriety

Index of theparcelle Typology of the propriety

Surface(Hectares)

Publicsurface

(Hectares)Other

(Hectares)

I Public 6,7 6,7

II Private 6,7 6,7

III Private 6,2 6,2

IV Public 4,3 4,3

V Public 10 10

VI Public 9,0 9

VII Private 5,2 5,2

VIII Public- Private 2,7 2,7

IX Public - Private 3,8 3,8

X Illegal buildings 6,3 6,3

XI Private 10 10

XII Public- Private 6 6

XIII Illegal buildings 6,2 6,2

XIV Public- Private – Illegal buildings 5,8 5,8

XV Private 11,7 11,7

XVI Illegal buildings - Private 14,5 14,5

XVII Residential 6,4 6,4

XVIII Publics + Private 14,4 14,4

XIX Public + Private 10,9 10,9

XIX Road + Large square 10,1 10,1

Total 157 30 127

Chapt. VI°) ASPECTS OF THE ACTUAL SITUATION


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Surface(Hectares)

Publicsurface

(Hectares)Other

(Hectares)

I Public 6,7 6,7

II Private 6,7 6,7

III Private 6,2 6,2

IV Public 4,3 4,3

V Public 10 10

VI Public 9,0 9

VII Private 5,2 5,2




XI Private 10 10










Total 157 30 127



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Surface(Hectares)

Publicsurface

(Hectares)Other

(Hectares)

I Public 6,7 6,7

II Private 6,7 6,7

III Private 6,2 6,2

IV Public 4,3 4,3

V Public 10 10

VI Public 9,0 9

VII Private 5,2 5,2




XI Private 10 10










Total 157 30 127



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Some situations of analysis for the recuperation

On the side there are shown some buildingspractically abandoned, once used in the agro –alimentary sector for the production of oil and wine.

They are constructions in masonry that could be abasis for a reuse even in the originally sector, theagro – alimentary one.

The availability of volume is interesting and after anopportune study of requalification, could beevaluated and show employment even in otherspheres such as stores and deposits.

Their placing in the urban level allows even tohypothesize many solutions, including those ofmanufacture laboratories and hydraulicmaintenance, mechanic, electrical etc.

VI°a) Examples of buildings of the industrial area of Shkoder to be examined fora possible recuperation


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The photo by the side represents parts ofthe building belonging to the so-calledfabric for the manufacture of leather.

It is a structure inserted in the urbancontest, now private property.

The recuperation for the original usebecomes very committing, even notadvised.

Considering the nearness with theinhabitations and given the age and thecriticity of the walls, the most interestingpartof this area regards the territory and the usethat could be once free from theconstructions in ruins.


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The photos on the side represent someglimpses of the buildings, part of themanufacture of tobacco and cigarettes.

The buildings are still in a state ofpossible reuse, once the employpotential is individualised. Given theirconsistence, they could have severaluses, and the simulations that followgive the idea of possible solutions.


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Unfortunately, today they areneglected and if there is nointervention, theyare destined todegrade leaving a few possibilities fora convenient recuperation.


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Another example of a recuperable buildinghas been given by this building with 3 floors :

Ground floor, I° and II° floor

In general, its structure it’s good .

After an adequate intervention of restore, infunction of what you want to insert, it couldbe usable in short terms.

The ground floor is occupied by a firm thatproduces furniture.

The propriety of this building is private


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In general, its structure it’s good.





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In general, its structure it’s good.





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The photos by the side represent theextreme point towards North of theindustrial area of Shkoder.

In the past, in this side was situated theFactory of manufacture of wood andpaper.

In the remains of the structures there havebeen realized some illegal houses.

The road brings the main road towardsNorth.

In the background, you can notice thecomplex of the manufacture of tobacco.


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The photos on the side retake therailway line in anaction that connectsAlbania with Montenegro.

The network, although it presents signsof maintenance necessities, it isfunctional.

This kind of infrastructure, an adjacentspace,it is very interesting because itcould allow the launching of a series ofactivities related to the inter -modaltransport and the logistics.


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This kind of infrastructure, an adjacentspace,it is very interesting because itcould allow the launching of a series ofactivities related to the inter -modaltransport and the logistics.


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This kind of infrastructure, an adjacentspace,it is very interesting because itcould allow the launching of a series ofactivities related to the inter-modaltransport and the logistics.


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The area with interesting dimensions, along thisrailway axes could be a use of logistics kind.

The idea could be the one of realising a platformof goods exchange through railway and roadvehicles. ( Example : Camion and TIR)


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Examples of sheds to reuse, they are state – owned

External of the offices ofthe ex manufacture oftobacco and cigarettes.

It has the structure of akind of consistence, tobe noticed at theattachment for theproposal of reusing it.


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The reuse of the presented constructions in the previous photos or the structures that present adiscreet consistency, allows on one hand the recuperation of the buildings that at the momentweigh negatively upon the area and on the other hand, the placing in the market of importantinfrastructure for the economic and productiv e activities.

How it is noticed in the photographic examples these abandoned buildings become a receptacleof weeds and stray animals and in the future there will be security problems because inevitablythey will decline.

The recuperation becomes thus a n obligatory way because it responds to diverse strategicrequirements of the community and it allows to :

1. put in the market important buildings with strategic value2. respond to the requests of industrial space for the development of activity3. reclaim an important part of the citizen territory4. put into motion the machine of investments with consequent economic and

occupational fall5. motivate the development in loco of the productive activities .


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The process of privatisation of the ex -industrial areas, thanks to the courage of someentrepreneurs, has allowed the reuse of some of these structures as follows. For some ofthese are sent to the attachments where it is reported the photographic confront of therecovery.

The photos on the side report the external of thebuildings of the Former Tobacco Factory now“Green Shoes” shoe fabric.

The building, propriety of the state has been givenin conduction to the Italian firm that runs it.

The tenant has undertaken the work ofreconstruction based on a contract of location of along period.

In the attachment, it is presented a schedule thatillustrates the initiative of recuperation.

The restructuring work articulated on many planesare in the ultimate phase and it is foreseen thatwith a regime there could be employed more than400 subordinates.

In the photo on the side is brought the example ofanother initiative of recuperation.

The firm “Dafinor Shpk” that operates in the sector ofthe wood work.

In the past, in this buiding group it was worked withmilk.

As it is a buiding group that has been restructuredaccording to the modern productive needs, how canit be detected by the schedule reported in theattachments.

VI°b) Examples of initiatives of reuseFeasibility Study for the development of industrial area of Shkodra – October 2008

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VI°b) Examples of initiatives of reuseFeasibility Study for the development of industrial area of Shkodra – October 2008

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VI°b) Examples of initiatives of reuse


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Another example of interestingrecuperation is presented by the fi rm“Progress Metal G”

A firm produces systems for aluminiumserramenti.

In the attached schedule it is reported aphotographic confront that illustratesthe line of reconstruction.

In the past in this building group wasset up the mechanic establishment forthe production of agricultural machinesUMB – Uzina Mekanike Bujqesore.

The establishmentof the production ofelectric cables. –Today ALCABLESh.p.k.


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The photos on the side report the fabcric of shoesobtained with an operation of ind ustrialrecuperation of the ex fabbrica of manufacture ofwood, furniture, chairs, tables, etc.

Even for this initiative, it is to be looked at thedetailed schedule reported in the attachment.

Another example of the reuse of is represented b y the fabcricof production of Venetian masks, obtained from a buildingwhere in the past the broad for the city of Shkoder wasproduced.

The production realised in this conveniently stablereconstruction which is of a very high level and occupiesmore than 50 subordinates.

Of these initiatives it is to be seen the attachment where there are exposed in a photographicreport the details of the operations of recuperation.

In the examinated territory there are present other fabrics as well,of the m anufacture typethat work the wood for the furniture or for the building trade complets: doors , windows, etc.,iron carpentry, electrical and autoclave implanting, etc.


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VII°) THE NEW INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN ALBANIA

In the present chapter it is exposed the theme of the new initiatives of the Albanian governmentfor the industrial development of the country to report the correlation with the use of the area ofthe ex Industrial zone in Shkoder.

It has been stabilised by the Albanian government the definit ive choice on the construction projectof six industrial parks aimed to the development of the large manufacture industry and of othereconomic activities.

The decision has been taken after a deep study brought forward by the foreign consultants.

There have been discovered 6 coastal areas and industrial parks or economic industrial areasnear 1) Shengjin, 2) Koplik, 3) Shkoder, 4) Durres, 5) Vlora, and in the end 6) Elbasan.

The approval of the prediction for their construction opens the way to a high er level of investmentand of the employment of new labour force, which evolution depends on the strategy that will befollowed by the large commercial companies.

The societies that will participate at an open international tender, could obtain a govern mentconcession of 35 years to build a real proper industrial district along the Albanian coast.

Such provision will allow the entry of foreign capital and private companies to realise an industrialdevelopment of the country that required hundreds of millions of lek, only partly put at disposal bythe Albanian government.

Therefore, regarding the construction licence of these areas, the economists qualify such actionsas important provisions but with a critical intrinsic, until it is reached a solut ion on the question ofthe restitution of the proprieties and on the relative cadaster, the construction of parks will bedifficult.

The Ministry of Economics will lead the process of attribution of the status of development of the6 economic areas though a government concession of 35 years, according to the rules of theopen contract competitions in contest as disciplined by the law nr. 9663 of 18.12.2006.

Inside the areas and the industrial parks, the local authorities, in cooperation with the central one,will preliminarily guarantee all the basic structures, as energy, the road infrastructure, water andsewerage services, telecommunications, in such a manner to make the industrial areas real andproper "oasis" for the private investment, national or foreign ones.

The economic areas will develop at the senses of a legal framework that precise all the rules todiscipline the productive activities and the free areas.

The main objectives that the industrial areas should reach are related to the pro cedures ofadministration, of surveillance and control of the economic areas.


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The projects will be approved by the regional administrative authorities (KRRT) and from theMinistry of Economy that will direct the relative proposal submitted for approval of the Council ofMinisters.

By the contests of participation as developer for the creation of the free economic areas, noforeigners are excluded. They have to present all the documents according to the legislation ofthe country where the person is resi dent.

The Minister of Economy in the role of the development control observer of the economic areas, ithas to select the developers through the procedures defined by deadline terms and proceeding ofthe contest.

The main criteria is related to the relevance, economic priority, value of investment, introductionof the developed industry, number of employments, speed of circulation of goods and capitalsand other specific indexes.

Every proposal will be analysed by a Commission for the evaluatio n of the offers, approved by theMinistry of Economy, together with the representatives of the Ministry of Finance and Economy.

The developer assigned with the construction licence, will follow the procedures for the approvalof the project for the construction following the legislation in power.

The modalities of participation and the regulations will be defined following the necessarydocumentation and constituted in line with the utmost from the following documents.

All the juridical persons Albanians of foreigners, that want to obtain a licence of businessdevelopers, should present the following documents :

1. Certificate of the foundation of the society ;2. Sentence of registration as juridical person ;3. Statute of the society;4. Fiscal code5. Copy of the activity licence;6. Balance of the last three revision years, by the accounting expert7. Technical – Economic profile of the society;8. Documents of the propriety or rent for the territory or the furniture good of t he economic

area;9. business-plan of the activities of the society that is candidate for the development ;10. Complete project of construction for the inner infrastructure and connection modality with

external infrastructure;11. Sources of financing of the project;12. Authentication that the society is not in procedures of liquidation;13. For the main directors, even the court records

The Ministry of Economy, Commerce and Energy has been defined as contracting authority forthe building the industrial parks, while they will be administered on basis of the regulation of thesingle private societies.


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1. Certificate of the foundation of the society;2. Sentence of registration as juridical person ;3. Statute of the society;4. Fiscal code5. Copy of the activity licence;6. Balance of the last three revision years, by the accounting expert7. Technical – Economic profile of the society;8. Documents of the propriety or rent for the territory or the furniture good of t he economic





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1. Certificate of the foundation of the society;2. Sentence of registration as juridical person ;3. Statute of the society;4. Fiscal code5. Copy of the activity licence;6. Balance of the last three revision years, by the accounting expert7. Technical – Economic profile of the society;8. Documents of the propriety or rent for the territory or the furniture good of t he economic





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In the area of Shkoder, with a total surface of about 140 hectares, it is foreseen the building of ageneral industrial park, with different economic activities, with different alimentary industrialproductions, such as commercial services and import-export.

The project of the industrial park in K oplik, with a surface of 61 hectares , with be an industrialpack with a general character, with an investme nt of 17 million euro, while it is expecte that therewill be employed until 19.000 persons.

For the third industrial park in Shengjin, of 4 hectares, it is foreseen the occurring of an activity forthe agricultural manufacture with an investment of 1 7 million euro and the employment of 3.000persons.

The government of Tirana has given way to the creation of the industrial park in the area ofKoplik promoted by the Association of Italian entrepreneurships in Alban ia (Aiioa).

The objective of the projec t is to re-launch strategically the development of the whole region.

The operation foresees the handover in rent of a surface of 70 hectare to a pool of Italianinvestors guided by the Volalba group, through the payment of the symbolic sum of one euro.Volalba operates already in Albania with a fabric localized in Lushnje, on a surface of 120 000 m2

that produces 650 tons of daily bricks with holes , on two different production lines.

Koplik, at about 100 kilometres by the port of Durres and from the c apital Tirana, is considered aparticularly advantageous localisation for the connections with Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbiaand Kossovo.

It disposes of important deposit of clay and coalmine, and marble. There are also mines and animplant of refined copper, actually not active.

In the town there operates also the only University in the Northern Albania, with more than 6thousand students and 500 graduates each year.

The master plan of the new industrial Park foresees three entries on the motorway E762 directionMontenegro, an area dedicated to the logistic services with customs office attached an area ofoffices and a reserved area to the productive activities with lots of different dimensions.

It is also foreseen the realisation of a expositive centre, a hotel and restaurant area and ofcatering, green spots and dedicated to the social services . There will be implants of watercapitation and treatment of the effluent waters and of an electrical substation.


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that produces 650 tons of daily bricks with holes, on two different production lines.







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that produces 650 tons of daily bricks with holes, on two different production lines.







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Chap. VIII°) THE CRITICAL POINTS AND THE POTENTIALS OF THEINDUSTRIAL AREA OF SHKODER

a) The weak points

As reported in the historical analysis in the history, Albania is suffering now an isolation whichlasted about 60 years by the productive contests of the rest of the world .

It is a discrepancy that can be found :o In the productive systems,o In the organisation of the country system ,o In the judiciary systemo In the scholastic systemo In the use of the local resourceso In the mentality of peopleo In the approach to thematic for the developm ent of cooperationo In the way of offering vs. the foreign investors .

The above expressed referring represent some gaps of Albania compared to the more advancedcountries. Some of these, though, have been exceeded in the mentioned area.

To give more details, in the area of the present project, some elements of criticism arerepresented by:

Infrastructural lacks

The infrastructural lacks represent one of the major obstacles to the development of the country.

In the periphery and in the mountain areas. T he situation of the roads is very critical, somevillages are even nowadays reachable exclusively by off roads. The urban and province roads areunder the standard European conditions and still used by horses, cars and pedestrians.

One must take into consideration the scarce ability by the locals and the signal lack horizontaland vertical in the periphery areas.

The road that connection Shkoder with Tirana has been completed recently. Many villagessituated in the mountains along the line pf border w ith Montenegro are excluded by the roadnetwork and by the railway one.

The reconstruction of the roads is indicated by the state like absolute priority.

The situation of the railways is very critical. The fixed network although existing suffers a lac k ofmaintenance and update. It is activated the railways line that connects with Montenegro on whichthere transit one or two trains per day.

The few railways means, vans and carts, are presented in a degraded state and very littleuseable.


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a) The weak points


It is a discrepancy that can be found:o In the productive systems,o In the organisation of the country system ,o In the judiciary systemo In the scholastic systemo In the use of the local resourceso In the mentality of peopleo In the approach to thematic for the developm ent of cooperationo In the way of offering vs. the foreign investors .












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a) The weak points


It is a discrepancy that can be found:o In the productive systems,o In the organisation of the country system ,o In the judiciary systemo In the scholastic systemo In the use of the local resourceso In the mentality of peopleo In the approach to thematic for the developm ent of cooperationo In the way of offering vs. the foreign investors .












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Practically the whole railway system should be reconsidered and brought to European standards.

This initiative could be object of a project ad hoc.

The industrial area of Shkoder, it’s a historical place for the productive activities, it is well servedunder the profile of road network. There exists a back area of the railway line that could make agood basis foe the connected activities with the trans border railways transport to Montenegro.

The new regulating plan of the city foresees the strengthening of the inter nal road network of thetown and of the industrial area.

The above mentioned initiative would allow on one hand the launch of a productive activity in therailways field, of reparation and reconstruction o charts and carries, as well as to give a country asystem of a logistic platrform for the exchange of road goods road railway and vice versa.

Energetic Situation

The region of Shkoder occupies the first place for the energetic electric production in Albania.

This is proven by the contracts

o Vau i Dejes (always net. Or 500 millions die servonun dommert. v

The society that deals with distribution of the electrical power is a private firm called “SESA”.

He present centrals do no have the accumulative capacity, the distribution networks are in verybad conditions, from where the interruptions of the power are a daily phenomenon and last 7 or 8hours.

The necessary condition to develop any kind of economic activity is to possess a generator.

The system of collection of consumes is inefficient and to tally non-functional (it is evaluated thatonly 20% of the population tat owns a regular contract pays regularly the electric power ), thephenomenon of the tied knots is a diffuse practice.

Every citizen pays a fix quote for consuming of the electrical p ower (2.400 Lek monthly for privateuse), this surely does not induce to approaches of saving energy. Barely any implant is providedwith security norms.

In the country there is no Liquid Gas distributing system, therefore the electric power is used forwarming, cooking, and warming water.

The use of methane or another gas would allow a series of savings and benefits such as :- A real saving for each user, with 20% in comparison to the actual form of electric alimentation- The possibility to liberate electrical energy for other uses of industrial type


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Energetic Situation












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Energetic Situation












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- The conditioning of continuous alimentation without black out- The diversification of the energy consume.

In the district of Shkoder it is produced 60% of the electricl energy of the whole country and thestructures of the implants are very deficient. You feel the necessity of qualified structures of theinduce for the activities of electrical and mechanical type for reparations and maintenance of theimplants.

b) The general potentialityThe potentiality for an industrial development will be researched in the following factors presentnow in the territory of Shkoder :

1. The availability of labour force at lower costs in comparison to average European ones2. The availability of young people with good cultural basis, necessary for a technical

formation aiming to prepare new qualified resources for new productive units3. The availability in areas and buildings rehabilitated by dismissed industrial sites.4. The availability if required, of new areas in new industr ial parcelling out5. The nearness of the industrial areas with the centre of the city and with the services that it

can offer6. The availability of people with the know how necessary to launch new productive

initiatives similar to those already existing bef ore 1997

These elements alone cannot constitute the conditions for an industrial development of the area.These in fact, are necessary to give a push or motivation to crate new productive with highcompetitive characteristics.

The lines of economic development will be researched thus in the following procession :

1. Manufacture activities in the sector façon (example the clothing, foot wear ) alreadypresent with improvement points for the production of own products

2. Manufacture activities in the metal mechani c sector nowadays rarely present, but neededin either supporting the manufacture entrepreneurships, or those producing goods andservices (example: firms of mechanic construction, electro mechanic firms formaintenance and repair, in reparation of the ind ustrial implant, the electrical centrals,mineral an extracting industries etc. included .)

3. Development of basic or primary industry where there are resources to reduce thedependence of Albania from other countries (importation)

4. Development of the productive filial (for example in the agro alimentary sector )

5. Development of the national and international tourism

6. Development of services (public and private transport)

7. Development of commercial services

8. The activation of structures for the logistics such as a n inter port railways road.


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9. Development of local public infrastructure ( gasification, energy)

10. Development of the translational infrastructure ( corridor VIII, port, methane pipeline, re-gasification, )

11. Development of the informative applications

12. Development of new structures of Information Technology (ICT) and of

Telecommunication

c) A local initiativeIt is constructed a local association called “The Union for the Development of the North Albania(USNA)” which is already an institutional reality acknow ledged also by the Albanian state.

The organisation that is hired to be a promoter of the development in North Albania has had thestatus from the last approval of the Albanian court according to the legislation in power. At theofficial proclamation of the union it made also use of the meeting occurred on 6 September 2008in the ambient of BIA in Shkoder, where there were present among other importantrepresentatives of the constituency of the Consulate of Italy and the Delegate Administrator ofthe BIA in Albania, the Italian consul in SHkoder etc.In the hosting role, the la BIA of Shkoder, made known the notice of the legalisation of the Union,and informed the present people on the formation of the operative commissions for theproblematic of the economy, social questions, tourism and ecology, infrastructure – publicservices, political reports with thirds, international relations.

The idea for the foundation of the Union that has found a comprehension and support from theBIA and the Italian Consulate in Shkoder, has found a natural and stimulating course . This is, forthe simple fact that Italy is the largest investor in Albania, followed by Greece.

For the moment, it is noted a positive area in the development of the Northern region, but also i nthe support to business.

“The investments of the government have multiplied in the last time bringing notableinfrastructural improvements . Especially, in spite of the difficult energetic situation, because oflack of rain, the large business have had electricity power 24 ore in 24.

One of the aims of the new generation is to support the initiatives in Shkoder, where today thereare presumptions to invest, the conditions have notably improved, making it a place that attractsmany serious firms.


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Telecommunication








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Telecommunication








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d) The general potential of the ex-industrial-area of Shkoder

From the exam of the initiatives like the one for the new industrial parks and the birth of the newentrepreneurship association of north Albania, emerges the strong potential of the idea t orecuperate the ex structures, no is disuse of the industrial zone of Shkoder.

The opportunities offered by the recuperation of this area of it building consist of :1. etc.2. Nearness to the city and its services3. Availability and mastering in loco4. Buildings of recoverable industrial type with costs contained in comparison to the

construction ex novo5. The presence of the voluntary local entrepreneurs, to engage themselves as soon as

possible.

These factors co constitute a small treasure that allows to laun ch quickly the productive initiativewithout having to do with an industrial division into lots that will bring longer available hours andcosts regarding constitute a small treasure that allows to launch quickly the productive initiativewithout having to do with an industrial division into lots that will bring longer available hours andcosts regarding the realisation of the infrastructure.

For sure the above mentioned industrial parks will be structures of referring for the developmentfor the development of the country, but today you can quickly realize work environment how theyare later represented in the graphic proposal that can give immediate answers at comptetitivecosts and at compettive for interested investors and invest in loco.

It is often reminded how in this important and the compaction how often the economic factor canbe elements of determined competition for the launch of other initiative, the time is though that inthese of these not onto the elementsAn indicative non-exhausting name indicates some useful economic parameters to illustrate theconvenience of this recuperation type.

The cost of recuperation and use ( location) allows affirming where the present structures arecompatible with the activities to develop. The grandeur or der of the costs is about the half of whatis needed for the realisation of an initiative ex novo.

Another aspect of interest is given by the secondary firms that can be created to offer theirtechnical service to the firms in process such as mineral and extractive process.

In the area surrounding Shkoder, different types of natural resources such as mineral ones arepresent (for example the copper, the silicon, the dolomite, the iolite, the bauxite and primarymaterial for the production of cement and of lime.There are also present cables for marble, decorative stones, inert material with firm ceramicproducts, the bricks and the tiles become the offer basic materials for the construction sector andconstruction in general.


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possible.








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possible.








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The architectonic attached proposals taken into consideration for the localisation of the area,included in the urban issue, the possibility of insertion of activities of such services as industrialtertiary including:

Sheds for the production (sectors: metal mechanic, alimentary, electrical, etc.) Buildings for the manufacture type activities Offices in general, and for the commercial activities i mport export Professional studies, Banks, Insurance, Different agencies, like the Customs , Sanitary services, Centres of formation Laboratories for the certification of products or environments Centres of assistance and consultancy for the firms Call centre Etc.

There are some necessary economic parameters for the development of a business plan for thefirms of the area in the objec t.

IMMOBILI Superfici Acquisto RistrutturazioneLocazione

Annua

mq (€/mq) (€/mq) (€/mq)1 Terreno - Parcelle IV ,V,VI 233.000 129 9,722 Terreno - Parcella I 67.000 62,3 9,72

300.000

3 EdificiDa valutare

caso per caso 14,64

4 Intervento di minima (*) 505 Intervento di massima (*) 165

Notes for the table The quotations of the purchase of the above reported terrain are obtained by the studio of

the Regional Public Office for the compensation of property of the proprietary of Shkoder.They are provisional prices waiting for confirmation by the Government. Such evaluationstake notice of the area of a subdivision of the territory of the city of Shkoder from n.3 zoneto n. 5 zone.

(*) The interventions of restructure are meant without the warming and conditioni ngimplants.

The above reported quotations have an indicative value and may constitute on one hand a basisfor an economic convenience calculation and on the other hand the starting point for anegotiation with the property.

The factors in play are two:I. The activities aiming at development .II. The necessary modifications at the existing structures for the launching of the new firm .


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Annua


300.000


caso per caso 14,64








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Annua


300.000


caso per caso 14,64








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Another factor of occult potentiality is represented by the actual international economic-financialsituation.

The present crisis that has touched the European and American financial markets, will not muchinfluence the East European countries, such as the financial markets of the eastern countriesespecially Albania and in the Balkans where there was no exposition towards the mutualinsolvent and moreover the level of their financial products, it does not arrive to the derivates orstructured financial products. Therefore, these markets and consequently those of the Balkanswill not significantly be influenced by the actual in ternational situation and meanwhile they couldbenefit some interest points for new possible investments. In fact, in these countries because oftheir continuous characteristic of following recuperation in comparison to other Europeancountries, the growth trend is constant with the years and the stability following is a factor not tobe negligible.


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Chapt. IX)° THE LAUNCHED RECUPERATION INITIATIVES

In this attachment by means of a photographic report there have been reported some casesof recuperation effectuated in the industrial site in the object.

A) Examples of recovered industrial sites

A.1) DAFINOR Sh.p.k.

Fabrication of wooden products: Joint finger Panels, interne and external doors,Boiserie.

Surfaces: Completive 13.000 sq/m out of which 5.000 sq/m covered Subordinates : n. 50 Quote export = circa 35% Strong point = Product quality.

In the photographic report, there are reported phases of the site recuperation .

A. 2) PROGRESS METAL G Sh.p.k.

Production: Varnishing of prophylactics in aluminium and stockade, systems forthe production of aluminium pressing

Surfaces: Completive 7.500 sq/m: 5.200 covered. Subordinates: n.24 Quote export circa = 15 % Strong point = range of colours and high performance of the components for the

pressing system.


A.3) Adelchi – BertTon Sh.p.k.

Production: Shoes and components Productive volume = 70/80.000 pair /month Surface: Completive 5.200 sq/m: 1.200. covered Subordinates: n.430 Quota export circa = 100 % (Italia)Strong point = Product qualityIn the photographic report, there are reported phases of the site recuperation .


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pressing system.





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pressing system.





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A.4) G.r.e.n Shoe S.r.l.

Production: Shoes and components Surface: Completive about 9.000 sq/m out of which covered on many floors :

5.000 sq/m Subordinates: n.300 Quota export circa = 100 %Strong point = Product qualityIn the photographic report, there are reported phases of the site recuperation .

B) Other initiatives presents on the si teA.5) ENSAD Sh.p.k.

Production: Pipes and plastic joins for the building sector Productive volume = 40 Ton./month Surface: Completive about 3.000 sq/m out of which covered: 500 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 6 Market = Albania Strong point = Product quality. Flexibility.

A.6) BELLA CONFEX

Production: Underwear ( child, woman, man) Productive volume: 10.000 items/month Surface: Completive about 1.500 sq/m out of which covered: 1.500 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 250 Quota export circa = 100 % Italia

A.7) VËLLEZËRIT KOKAJ

Production: Shoe sewing ( façon) Productive volume: 100.000 pair /month Surface: Completive about 900 sq/m out of which covered: 725 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 54 Quota export circa = 100 % ( Italia)

A.8) FANI FOOD

Agro alimentary Sector Production: Concentrate tomato sauce Productive volume: 100-120 Ton/year Surface: Completive about 2.500 sq/m out of which covered 1.950 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 20 Export Montenegro e Kosovo Strong point = Product quality

A.9) ITAL SHQIPJA


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A.6) BELLA CONFEX




A.8) FANI FOOD


A.9) ITAL SHQIPJA


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A.6) BELLA CONFEX




A.8) FANI FOOD


A.9) ITAL SHQIPJA


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Wood work : Seats and handles Productive volume: 5.000 chairs e 100.000 handles/year Surface: Completive about 10.800 sq/m out of which covered: 800 sq/m Subordinates: n. 30 Export : Italia

A.10) MADIISH Sh.p.k.

Textile sector ( façon) Production: Sewing underwear and military clothing Surface: Completive about 2.340 sq/m out of which covered: 1.120 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 107 Export: Work account with ItalyStrong point = Product quality

A.11) RUBIN Sh.p.k.

Textile sector ( façon) Production: Sewing underwear Volume: up to a 7.000.000 items /year Surface: Completive about 900 sq/m out of which covered: 900 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 20 ÷ 100 Export: Work account with ItalyStrong point = Product quality

A.12) Moda TELI Sh.p.k.

Textile sector ( façon) Production: Sewing trousers, skirts, dresses, jackets etc. Productive volume:150.000 items /year Surface: Completive about 4.100 sq/m out of which covered: 2.900 sq/m Subordinates: n. 90Export: Work account with ItalyStrong point = Product quality

A.13) Meat Master

Alimentary sector – Work with meat Production: Salami, ham, other meat derivate. Productive volume: 2.000 Kg /day Surface: Completive about 7.000 sq/m out of which covered: 4.500 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 50 Market : AlbaniaStrong point = Product quality


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A.11) RUBIN Sh.p.k.




A.13) Meat Master



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A.11) RUBIN Sh.p.k.




A.13) Meat Master



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A.14) Rozafa KAÇI

Alimentary sector – Work with meat Production: Salami, ham, other meat derivate. Productive volume: 300 Kg /day Surface: Completive about 5.300 sq/m out of which covered: 2.600 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 14 Market : AlbaniaStrong point = Product quality

A.15) AZIENDA TRASPORTO PUBBLICO

Sector : SERVIZI Service of transport: 104.809 persons /month Surface: Completive about 600 sq/m out of which covered: 200 sq/m. Subordinates: n. 63 Market :area ShkoderStrong point = Product quality

Chapt.X°) PROPOSALS AND IDEAS FOR REUSE


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A.14) Rozafa KAÇI






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A.14) Rozafa KAÇI






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The architectonic proposals reported in the attachment take into consideration, for the localisationof the area, compressed in the urban textile, the possibility of inserting activiti es already inproduction, not of heavy type, of services that emerge from the industrial tertiary.It is true that if it doesn’t exist a primary and secondary production it is difficult to require atertiary, however in this sector nowadays are identifi ed all those activities that are not directlyconnected with a production of process or line and that can be externalized or date in outsourcing..

The typology of the buildings that are proposed, that come out by the structures that are availablesee photo) , representing large polyvalent containers where there can be allocated different typesof solutions or requests.

1° example of recovery of the industrialshed

Situation before the recovery

Proposed solution for the recovery


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2° example of recovery of anotherindustrial shed

Example of recovery of building for tertiary use






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In the following table are indicated the various utilisations of the locals to restructure

TYPOLOGY OF RECOVEREDLOCALS

PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES OR TERTIARYOf possible installation

A Large places with rent(width minimumfrom 10/12 m and length from 50-100m) where a overhead travellingcrane can be inserted

Metal mechanic sector in general (carpentryand montage)

Mechanical work Alimentary sector Electro domestic montage

Stamping of plastic materialsB Large locals with width inferior to 10 m Electrical implanting

Small mechanical work Furniture work Packages Carpentry ( doors and windows)

C Medium locals with sides about 10 m Manufacture activity ( mechanics,electricists, plumbers, etc.)

Work a façon of high quality

D Fractionated locals of large dimensions Banks, financial services Different agencies, example eh customs , Training centres Laboratories for the certification for the

product or ambient Offices, in general and for the commercial

import export activity Chemical work Sanitary services

E Fractionated locals of large dimensions Diverse offices Professional studies (lawyers , engineer,

Architect, etc.) Study of engineering Insurance Associations of category Medical ambulatory Financial society Public offices Centres of assistance and consulting at the

firm Call centre Cooperation of services Etc.


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The present chapter resends to the vision of the elaborated graphics reported in theattachments relatively to:

B) Proposals for restoration

B1) Area Ex Tobacco – Cigarettes firm

In the attachments there are reported a range of constructive andarchitectonic solutions that sprout from the buildings of the ex fabric ofcigarettes production, about the possible reuses in the industrial sector aswell as in the tertiary and services.

In the contest there are presented other types of solutions.

D) Examples of sites hardly restorable

D.1) Tannery work with leather

It is also reported a photographic report of a n examined site that refers toits actual condition and presents scarce values of use for productive use.

Taking into consideration its collocation near a inhabiting unity, it could betaken into account for a residential restructuring.


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Chapt. XI°) CONCLUSIONS

He effectuated analysis in the present intervention evidences the macro facts, exposed in positiveterms and interest ones for the possible development of the area in the object.

A From what is noticed there are present today some positive valences under thefurniture and infrastructural profile to affect the reuse of the ex-industrial structuresof the North District of the industrial area of Shkoder.

B Thanks to the evolution of commercial exchange there is moreover present somepotential trans border collaboration between North East Italy and Albania dictatedby interesting situation n evolution of demand and offer.

C The presence of new local organizations such as: Teuleda , Association ofEntrepreneurs North Albania, the Commune , Chamber of Commerce, etc. , represent thereferring points for the assistance and promotion of necessary initiatives for thedevelopment of cooperation for the industrial activities in the high sites.

All the factors mentioned above can buil d a basis and platform to develop interestingentrepreneurship initiatives in loco.

Regarding point A) the following parameters of qualification of the above mentioned potential canbe offered. As indicated already in the previous chapters for reasons of practice, the attention ofthe consulting is concentrated on the areas of public property linside the industrial district ofShkoder. Nothing can deny that analogue reasoning can be made with private owners of otherpresent areas in the site in object.

A following of the evaluation of the initiatives already finished by local entrepreneurs, mentionedin the examples, and those that could potentially be launched, is thought to focus on the formulaof the use of public goods at disposal through long -term contracts ( at least 25 years).

Indicated contracts could have more incentive quotations in comparison to the values reported inthe following tables that follow a part that can take into consideration the recovery work andadjustment for the locals, ad a lso to be a motivation for the use in comparison with the new one.

Being the only parcels or public lots distributed in the form of leopard stains on the whole objectarea, the public initiative of launching on the market such building resources, could t hen be amotivation factor for the recuperation of the other buildings in hands of the private parties.


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A) THE POSITIVE VALENCES

A1) The areasThe examination of the sites, building structures and present infrastructures, facing the State andconsequently the local organs that they can be trusted for a period, it allows the formalisation insynthesis that there can be present the surfaces in the industrial area of Shkoder reported in thetable that follows. Moreover, there are as indicated the parameters of the cost for the use of thebuildings and areas with long-term localisation contact.

Componenti del sito mq Utili

Quotazioneunitaria

annua dellalocazione

Potenzialiricavi annui

(€/mq) (€)

Superfici utili compresi pianisuperiori 109.796 14,64 1.607.413

Aree e piazzali 238.400 9,72 2.317.248

Totale 3.924.661

As already mentioned before proceeding the solution that is prospected as simpler is the long -term localisation with recovery work on expe nses of the tenant or the locator in forms andmodality to concord.

This formula would allow the public organ some important entries for the infrastructure publicactivities and would not burden financially the firm that expects to launch its own activit ies.

The quotations indicated are only representative. They will be evaluated time after time also incomparison to the interventions of restructuring with what will be accomplished.

A2) Human resourcesThe human resources present on the territory can satisfy the requests coming from listed sectorsbut other joints as well.

SECTORS1) Metal mechanic (in all its multiple repartitions)

2) Wood (from the raw material to the finished product )

3) Agriculture – medial plants

4) Agro alimentary

5) Building trade

6) Shoes

7) Clothing


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Quotazioneunitaria



(€/mq) (€)


Aree e piazzali 238.400 9,72 2.317.248

Totale 3.924.661








4) Agro alimentary

5) Building trade

6) Shoes

7) Clothing


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Quotazioneunitaria



(€/mq) (€)


Aree e piazzali 238.400 9,72 2.317.248

Totale 3.924.661








4) Agro alimentary

5) Building trade

6) Shoes

7) Clothing


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8) Handicraft

9) Logistics

10) Tertiary

B) THE POTENTIALS OF COOPERATION .

They can be developed in two frontsB1) From Italy to AlbaniaB2) the new initiatives for Albania connected to the necessary opportunities for the

growth.

Regarding point B1), following the precedent studies and initiatives it cane be affirmed that therecould be a short concretizing of a series of productive initiatives that regard the following sectors :

1) Production and commercialization of equipment of building trade .2) Production and commercialization of innovative materials for the building trade .3) Centre of fine mechanic work4) Centre for the electro mechanic construction and maintenance5) Centre for the stamping of plastic materials for the building sector6) Centre for the stamping of plastic materials components of product ( example : electro

domestic)7) Centre for the packing of finished products utilizing components realised in loco8) Logistic Platform

Regarding point B2) inherent the new opportunities for A lbania they could be individualised in thefollowing segments of market connected to the Venetian productive Districts aiming at:

a) The development of the account work in the already known sectors :

a1) Shoe shop

a2) Clothing – shirt shop

a3) Clothing – leather

a4) The work with plastic materials

a5) The building trade

b) The development of new productions to make autonomous from some types ofimports on the Balkan market, they would be individualised in the followingsectors:b1) Mechanic work

b2) Electro mechanic work

b3) Stamping of plastic materials

b4) Production of new materials for the building trade

All these suggestions together connecting the various types of request and offer of trans bordercharacter constitute the basis to emerge new initiatives.


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8) Handicraft

9) Logistics

10) Tertiary



growth.


1) Production and commercialization of equipment of building trade.2) Production and commercialization of innovative materials for the building trade .3) Centre of fine mechanic work4) Centre for the electro mechanic construction and maintenance5) Centre for the stamping of plastic materials for the building sector6) Centre for the stamping of plastic materials components of product ( example : electro




a1) Shoe shop











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8) Handicraft

9) Logistics

10) Tertiary



growth.


1) Production and commercialization of equipment of building trade.2) Production and commercialization of innovative materials for the building trade .3) Centre of fine mechanic work4) Centre for the electro mechanic construction and maintenance5) Centre for the stamping of plastic materials for the building sector6) Centre for the stamping of plastic materials components of product ( example : electro




a1) Shoe shop











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By the contacts with different entrepreneurs Venetian and Albanian, for the development of theintervention in the object, there have emerged some ideas that could flow into some importantinitiatives to develop in the object area.

The proposlas of the present study have an indicative value but they could surely constitute abasis to launch some proposals to the entrepreneurship world to invest in SHkoder.

The string points regarding the following aspects :1. Local availability2. Labour availability qualified and non -qualified3. Low costs of launching4. Low costs of practice5. Favourable fiscal conditions

These elements could surely be the basis to build a business !!

Moreover, when the negotiation emerges, the recupe ration of the industrial area of Shkoder couldbring the following results and benefits :

1. An immediate answer, in terms of time and infrastructure , to whom wants to investwith close deadlines.

2. The presence of the costs of investment in building very inferi or in comparison tothe construction ex novo of other industrial parks in Italy

3. An interesting recovery of building trade to a degrade area

4. New Investments in loco with use of local resources

5. Occupational Increment connected to the new activities

6. Consolidation of the productive textile on an important city centre

7. Increment of the volume of local business for the investments and the launching ofthe new business

8. Re-launch of the City of Shkoder as productive economic centre

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2008