f.dúlï iÕrdj51 ldKavh - 02 l,dmh | 2020 cQks

lDIsl¾u wud;HdxYfhalDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%ldYkhls

2020

f.dúlï iÕrdfõ ;srh msgqmi

fufyhùu yd wëCIKh

w;sf¾l wOHCI ^lDIs m%ldYk&

m%Odk ixialdrl

ã' tÉ' fÊ' fla' lS¾;sr;ak

ixialdrl uvq,a,

tia' fmßhidñ

fÊ' fla' ta' fyÜáwdrÉÑ

tka' ta' wd¾' fÊ' fmf¾rd

tï' tia' ví' m%kdkaÿ

mß.Kl msgq ieliSu yd ks¾udKh

wis; niakdhl

;s,sKs uOqIsld

ksIamdok l<ukdlre

uyskao .=Kj¾Ok

uqøKh

lDIsl¾u m%ldYk tallh" .kafkdarej

m%Odk ixialdrlf.ka' ' '

Covid-19 jix.;h mrdch l< Y%S ,dxlsl cd;sh f,iska

lDIsl¾udka;h;a iuÕ b;du;a idra:lj wms h<s ysi Tijñka

isáuq' f,dj mqrd fï jix.;hg iu.dój wdydr ysÕfhka

ñh.sh m%udKh ie<lsh hq;= ;rï jqj;a Y%S ,xldfõ fï olajd

tjka wdydr ysÕhl fiahdjla j;a fkdoekqfka Y%S ,xldfõ

wdydr iqrCIs;;dj ms<sn|j h<s h<s;a isysm;a lrñks'

flfiajqj;a rfÜ wdydr wjYH;dj foaYShj

imqrd.ekSfï yelshdj ;j ;j;a by< kexùfï wruqK

we;sj fnda. j¾. 16 la i|yd úfYaI iyk ,ndoS ksIamdokh

Èß.ekaùug zzfi!Nd.Hd wdydr ksIamdok cd;sl jevigykZZ

fï jk úg;a Y%S ,xld rch wdrïN lr we;

fuu cd;sl b,lalhka <Õdlr.ekSfï§ f.dúhdg

wjYH ;dCIKsl iyh ,nd§u lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j f,i

wmf.a j.lSuhs' tfukau fuu ish¨u ksIamdok l%shdj,shka

wd¾Ól úoHd iy wf,úlrK uQ,O¾u j,g wkql+,j isÿlsÍu

;=<ska by< id¾:l;ajhla w;am;a lr.; yelsh'

ish¿ uq,O¾uhkaf.a ixl,khla f,i

m¾fhaIlhskaf.a kj fidhd.ekSï f.dúck;dj w;rg

f.khdu uq,sl wruqK lrf.k msfok f.dúlï iÕrdj Tn

fj; msßkeóug ,eîu buy;a Nd.Hhla fldg i,luq' tu

;dlaIKhka f.dúhd w;g m;aùfuka id¾:l fukau M,odhs

lDIsl¾udka;hla rg ;=< ìysfõjdhs hkak m%¾:kd lruq'

1

YS% ,xldfõ fnda. j.djkag uy;a n,mEula isÿ

lrñka yÈisfha u;= jk lDñ ydks ms<sn| w;a±lSï

Y%S ,dxflah lDIs m%cdjg kqyqre kqmqreÿ fohla

fkdfõ' miq.sh udi lsysmh ;=< YS% ,xldfõ úúO

m%foaYj,ska tjeks lDñ Wjÿrla ms<sn|j jd¾;d

úh' ta ly ;s;a m<Õeá Wjÿrhs' lDIs m%cdj ;=<

uy;a wdkafoda,khla we;s lrñka jHdma; jQ ly ;s;a

m<Õeáhd y÷kd.ekSu" ydksh iy md,kh ms<sn|j

meyeÈ<s lsÍu fuu ,smsfha wruqKhs'

mDÓúh u; lDñ úfYaI ñ,shk

;=kla muK Ôj;ajk nj úoaj;=kaf.a

woyi jk w;r" lDñka ñ,shk tllg

wdikak ixLHdjla ±kg y÷kdf.k

kï lr we;' fuu lDñka wOHhkfhys

myiqj ;ld lDñ f.da;% ;sia tllg

fnod fjka lr olajhs' fuu f.da;%

ixLHdj iq¿ jYfhka fjkia úh yels

w;r thg fya;=j kj lreKq iy ±kqu

ksrka;rfhka tl;=ùuh'

m<Õeáhka wh;a jk lDñ

f.da;%h ´f;dmafgrd f,i y÷kajk

w;r fuu f.da;%fhys lDñ úfYaI úis

oyila muK we;=<;a lr we;' fuu

lDñka m<Õeáhka" ;Kfld< fm;a;ka"

m;ka.hka" ìxW!rka iy katydids

f,i m%Odk ldKavj,g fjka lr we;'

m<Õeáhka" ;Kfld< fm;a;ka iy

m;ka.hka ndysr rEmdldrfhka fndfyda

ÿrg tl iudk jk w;r" p¾hd

rgdfjka fjkiah' m<Õeáhka iy

;Kfld< fm;a;ka yqol,d f,i o

m;ka.hka yqol,d iy iuQyjdis f,i

o cSj;a fjhs' m;ka.hkaf.a iuQyjdiS

wdldrh iajNdúl iy lDIsld¾ñl

mßir moaO;sj,g ;¾ckhla f.k fohs'

´f;dmafgrd f.da;%hg wh;a

fuu ly ;s;a m<Õeáhdf.a úoHd;aul

kduh Aularches miliaris jk w;r

fuu úfYaIhg wu;rj Aularches

>khg wh;a ;j;a úfYaI folla tkï

1

2

A. punctatus iy A. scabiase bkaÈhdkq

l,dmh ;=< fjfik nj K.F. Kirby úiska

1914 j¾Ifha§ m< lrk ,o Fauna of British

India including Burma and Ceylon .%ka:fha

olajd we;' ly ;s;a m<Õeáhd YS% ,xldfõ

fnda.j,g ydks lrk nj m<uqjrg 1925 §

jd¾;d ù we;s w;r ta ms<sn|j J.C Hutson

úiska 1926 lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ jd¾Isl

jd¾;dfõ i|yka lr we;' bka miq jßka jr

fuu m<Õeáhkaf.a .yKh wêl f,i by<

hdu úúO wjia:dj,§ jd¾;d ù we;'

ly ;s;a m<Õeáhdf.a Ôjk pl%h

ly ;s;a m<Õeáhdf.a iqyqUq,a .eyeKq

i;=ka mfiys isÿrla idod fikaáóg¾ 4-5

muK .eUqßka ì;a;r" leo,s f,i ouk w;r

tla le±,a,l ì;a;r 15-60 la muK we;'

ì;a;r le±,a, wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd th jgd

>k jQ Yaf,aIau, wdjrKhlao ks¾udKh lrhs'

fndfyda úg Tlaf;dan¾ iy fkdjeïn¾ udij,

ì;a;r ±óu isÿ lrk w;r úYd, Ydl hg

fijk iys; ia:dk fï i|yd f;dard .kshs'

ly ;s;a m<Õeáhdf.a ì;a;r

leo,sj,ska fkdfïrE i;=ka tkï YsIqjka

msg;g meñfKk w;r Tjqka ÿUqre meye;sh'

Èk 1-2lska miqj l¿ meye jk w;r" YsIqjkaf.a

foayh Èf.a ly meye;s bß ±lsh yelsh' ly

;s;a m<Õeáhdf.a YsIq wjëka yhla we;s

w;r YsIq wjêh iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd udi

4 ½ -5½ l muK ld,hla .;fjhs' m<uq YsIq

wjëka l=vd Ydl yd m÷re wdY%s;j fjfik

neúka .ykh md,kh lsÍug jvd;a iqÿiq

wjia:dj YsIq wjêhhs' YsIqjkaf.a j¾Okh;a

iu. Tjqka Wi Ydlj,g ixl%uKh jk w;r

m%udKfhka o úYd, fjhs' YsIqjkayg jevqKq

mshdm;a fkdue;s neúka Tjqkag mshEöug

fkdyelsh'

2 3

jevqKq ly ;s;a m<Õeáhd m%udKfhka

fikaáóg¾ 06 la muK È. jk w;r" iam¾Yl

l¿ meye;sh' ysi iy Wri mDIaÁhj l¿

meye;s jk w;r md¾Yaúlj ly meye;s h' tu

ly meye;s j¾K ;Srej mQ¾j Wria ;,fhys

w. olajd úysfohs' mQ¾j mshdm;a hqj< ,dfld<

meye;s jk w;r" ;o ly meye;s ;s;a mQ¾j

mshdm; u; msysghs' fuu ;s;aj, úYd,;ajh

úúOh' tajdfha úIalïNh ñ,sóg¾ 2-3 muK

olajd fjkia úh yelsh' Worh r;= iy l¿

meye;s j,hkaf.ka iukaú;h' mdoj, meyeh

l¿ jk w;r" ly meye;s j¾K rgdjka miq

mdofha by< fldgfiys ±lsh yelsh'

ly ;s;a m<Õeá ydkshg ,laúh yels fnda.

fuu lDñka fmd,a" mqjla" wU" yjß

kq." flfi,a jeks Ydl wdY%s;j ±lsh yels jk

w;r" ù j.djg ydks lsÍula fï olajd jd¾;d

ù fkdue;' ly ;s;a m<Õeáhdf.a fkdfïrE

wjëka tkï YsIq wjia:djka iy iqyqUq,ka m;%

wdydrhg .ekSfuka ydksh isÿ lrhs' fmd,a"

mqjla jeks Ydlj, ydksh b;d oreKq f,i Èia

jqjo th Ydlfhys wiajekakg ±ä n,mEula

we;s fkdlrhs' thg fya;=j kj m;% we;sùu

;=<ska isÿ jQ ydksh W!KmQ¾Kh lr .ekSug

Ydlhg we;s yelshdjhs'

ly ;s;a m<Õeáhd md,kh

fuu m<Õeáhd md,kh i|yd

iduQysl m%h;akhla wjYH jk w;r

m<sfndaOhdf.a meñKSu ms<sn| wjOdkfhka

miqùu b;d jeo.;ah' Tlaf;dan¾ yd

fkdjeïn¾ udij, úYd, Ydl hg fijk

iys; ia:dkj, ì;a;r ±óug meñfKk jevqKq

i;=ka tl;= lr úkdY lsÍu isÿ l< hq;=h'

fuu wjia:dfõ iqyqUq,a i;=ka t;rï l%shdldß

fkdjk neúka w;ska tl;= lsÍu l< yelsh'

i;=ka ì;a;r oud we;ehs iel

lrk ia:dk y÷kd f.k tu ia:dkj, mi

fmr,Sfuka ì;a;r leo,s ysre t<shg

ksrdjrKh lsÍu ;=<ska o tu leo,s l=re,a,ka

l=yqUqjka jeks i;=ka wydrhg .ekSfukao

úkdY ù hhs' ;jo fuu ia:dkj, .jhka

Èf.a,s lsÍfuka Tjqkaf.a l=rj,g mE.Sfuka

ì;a;r leo,s úkdY fjhs'

ì;a;r leo,sj,ska ìysjk b;d l=vd

YsIqjka rxpq f,i l=vd Ydlj, isák úg" Ydl

w;=j,ska ;kd.;a bm,lska myr §u ;=<ska

3

ly ;s;a m<Õeáhd ydks l< fnda.hla

4

.yKfhka ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla úkdY l<

yelsh' bo,lska w;=.d úkdY lr ±óu fyda

úh<s fmd,a w;= fhdodf.k .sks ;eîfukao

úkdY l< yelsh' .sks ;eîfï§ wod< m%foaYh

fjka lr .skak me;sÍu je<elaùug lghq;=

lsÍu w;HjYHh'

jevqKq YsIqjka .iaj,g ke.Sug

m%jK;djhla olajk w;r" tjeks wjia:dj,

.ia iy w;= fi,ùfuka .iaj, isák i;=ka ìu

oud úkdY lsÍu l< yelsh' w;ska wyq,d ±óuo

id¾:l l%shd ud¾.hls' fï i|yd nd,aÈhlg

c,h ,Sg¾ folla muK oud thg N+ñf;,a

ñ,s,Sg¾ 10 la iy inka .%Eï 10 la muK oud ñY%

lr thg i;=ka tl;= lsÍu isÿl< yelsh' jevqKq

YsIqjka mksk neúka md,k lghq;= WIaK;ajh

wvq W±ik isÿ lsÍu myiqh'

fnda. j.djkag ;¾ckhla isÿfõ

hehs yeÕS hkafka kï muKla mßirhg wju

ydkshla jk m<sfndaOkdYlhla fh§u isÿ l<

yelsh'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg tla lf<a"

ikaOHd fyaupkaø iyldr lDIsl¾u wOHlaI ^ixj¾Ok&

îc iy;sl lsÍu iy me<Eá ixrlaIK

uOHia:dkh" .kafkdarej" fmardfoKsh

;dlaIKsl Wmfoia (

iqika;s pkaøfiakm%Odk úoHd{ ^lSg úoHdj&

ù m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"

n;,f.dv

4

jDlaIfhda jkdys wmßñ;

ohdkqlïmdfjka hq;= wmQre Ôj

úfYaIhla fj;s' cd;s" l=, fNao" wdÈfhka

f;dr jQ Tjqyq ish,a,kagu irK fj;s'

u,am," isis," fijK ks¾f,daNSj ieug

m%odkh lr;s' tu;= o fkdj" ;uka

lmd is|,Sug ieriqKq fmdfrdaldrhdg

o fijK §ug ;rï Tjqyq ldreKsl

fj;s'

f.!;u nqÿrcdKkajykafia

5

lkafodialsßhdj ' ' '

is,sx w;a;d

f.dúlï iÕrdjg ,shkafka

ù' ù' niakdhl lDIs m%ldYk tallfha ysgmq uQ,ia:dk lDIsl¾u WmfoaYl

5

je,s fldia weg

w; mfha ;sìÉp reodjg myq.sh fodfya msx fnfy;a Yd,dj me;af;a hkag neß Wfka

fï fldfrdakd jix.f;a yskaod fkdje' ta fodfya ux fldyshï biõjlj;a fkd.sysx f.org

fj,duhs ysáfha' oex ál fodfydlg l,ska kslfld, ñgla lvdf.k hkag ;ekafka fyafka ySx ueKsld wd

fj,dfõ Th yxosm;a reodjg fmd,af;,a äx.s;a;lg lmqre fm;s ;=k y;rla od,d r;afldr,d yxosm;a j,

W,k tl fyd|hs lsõj yskaod ux ta .=relu fldr,d ne¨jd' oex kx äx.la .=Khs' Th ySx ueKsldf.a .u

moshme,e,a, me;af;fka' tfya j;=lf¾ bkak Wka ykaosm;a wudrejg Th f.dvfjolu¨ lrkafka WU,;a

fldr,d n,,d ug .=Kd.=K lshm,a,dflda'

tafla .=K fkfõ ux oeka l,amkd lr lr ysáfha' myq.sh fodfya Th fldfrdakd jix.;hla yskaod

mgka.;a;= j.d ix.%dfï biairyg wfma tjqx kj;a;,d odhso lsh,d' msgfoailaldr we;a;kag fndfydau

ÿlalror jeä Wk;a Th jix.f;a mgka.;a;;a yß wmg lkav fndkav kE ysÕhla' fï fjkfldg yqÕla

f.j;= j, t<j¿ w, n;, uhsfhdlald ysgj,d <Õmd; f.j,a ;=k y;rlskau wiajekafkka ál ál ug;a

tj,d ;snqKd' ´x oex ldf,a ;uqkaf.a f.j;a; j.d lr.kag lsh,d wdKavqfjka wek wek lshkav fj,d

;snqK;a biair wms lfvka lkag f.kdfõ ¨Kqhs lfrda,hs ú;rhs'

Th j;af; msáfh yok fnda. cd;s j,g rg fmdfydrhs ier fí;l=hs mqreÿ fldr.kag kdlhs' mq¿jka ;rx

l=Kq jf,ka .;a; miqhs f.duhs osrdmq msÿre jf.a cd;s od,d yok fnda. j,g lDñ i;a;=;a wvqhs' rg

fmdfydr od,d blaukg yefok .iaj,g lDñ i;a;= jeähs' mq¿jka ;rx wfma mqrdK flï l%u w;ayod

n,kjdkï ;uhs fyd|' ier fí;a .ykfldg ó ueiafid jf.a fnda. j,g Woõ fjk i;a;=;a úkdY fjkjd'

t<j¿ cd;s Whkfldg fldia weg álla od,d WhoaoS jExck j, ry .=K jeä fjkjd' fï wjqreoafoa fldia

M,odj;a fjkodg jvd fyd|hs' ud;a wr tmsgy uvqj whsfka wjdfrg lkag' je,s fldia weg áll=;a od,hs

;sfhkafka' WU,;a wdfh l,amkd fldr, mq¿jka yeáhg je,s fldia weg álla j;a od.ks,a,d'

6

wkakdis j.dfõ wiajkq m%udKh iy wiajkq

.=Kd;auh m%Odk jYfhka r|d mj;skafka

.=Kd;aul frdamK øjH f;dard .ekSu u;hs'

f;dard .kakd frdamK øjH (

² j.d lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk j¾.fha

,laIK iys; úh hq;=hs' ^lsú$ uqßis&

² ksfrda.S j.djlska f;dard .;a me< úh hq;=hs'

^frda. m,sfndaO j,ska f;dr úh hq;=hs&

² me<hl fld, 12-14 w;r úh hq;=hs'

fuu ks¾foaYs; ;;a;ajhkag wkql+,j

me< f;dard .;a; o iuyr me< j, mj;sk

cdkuh úlD;s ;;a;ajhka ksid .ïmy iy

l¿;r Èia;%slal j, fCIa;% lsysmhl my;

^rEmigyk 1 yd 2& ,laIK iys; j.djka

ksÍlaIKh l< yels úh' fuu fudfrhshka

fmkqfuka yd iajNdjfhka M, yg.kakd

fudfrhshkag iudk jqj;a j.dj kv;a;= lr

M, yg.kakd wjia:dfõ§"

² f.ä yg fkdf.k me< úYd, m%udKhla

yg .ekSu'

² l=vd f.ä iys;j me< úYd, ixLHdjla yg

.ekSu'

² úlD;s iys; f.ä yg .ekSu

² f.ä fkdue;sj úYd, .ia j¾Okh ùu

±lsh yelsh'

fuu j.djka j,ska ,nd .kakd ,o

me< kej; fCIa;%fha j.d l< o tu ,laIKu

kej; ksÍlaIKh l< yels úh'

7

fuu me< uq,a wjia:dfõ idudkH

ksfrda.S frdamK øjH f,i mj;S' fCIa;%fha

isgqjd f.ä yg.kakd wjia:dj f;la fuu

,laIK y÷kd.; fkdyels fõ' fuu me<

fCIa;%fha isgqjd kv;a;= lsÍu ksid wd¾Ólj

úYd, f,i mdvq ú£ug isÿfõ'

fuu ksid wkakdis j.dj i|yd me<

,nd .ekSfï§"

² me< ,nd .kakd fCIa;%h fyd|ska

ksÍlaIKh lr fyd| wiajekakla iys;

ksfrda.S j.d j,ska j.d lsÍug iqÿiq

m%udKfha me< ,nd .ekSu isÿlrkak'

² f.ä fkdue;s fCIa;% j,ska me< ,nd .ekSu

isÿ fkdlrkak'

² tjeks me< kej; fCIa;%fha isgqùu fyda ;j;a

j.dlrejl=g úlsKSu isÿ fkdlrkak'

fï uÕska j.dfõ wd¾Ól M, fk,d

.ekSug yels jkjd fukau wkd.;fha§

wkakdis j.djg úh yels ;¾ckh o wju

lr.; yelsfõ'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg f;dr;=re f.k wdfõ"

tia' à' noafoa.uiyldr lDIsl¾u wOHCI ^m¾fhaIK&

î' t,a' ã' t,a' ã' úfÊiqkaorm¾fhaIK iyldr

wd¾' tka' ã' is,ajdm¾fhaIK iyldr

m,;=re m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"

fydrK

rEm igyk 1 ( f.ä yg fkdf.k úYd, jYfhka me< yg.ekSu

rEm igyk 2 ( f.ä yg.kakd j.dj ;=< o fuu me< ksÍCIKh l< yelsh

rEm igyk 3 ( úlD;s f.ä we;sùu

8

fndaxÑ yd .%Ska mSia whs;s jk Fabaceae l=,hg

wh;a îksia Vicia faba hk úoHd;aul kdufhka

y÷kajhs' úúO rgj, broad bean, fava bean

yd faba bean hkqfjka o y÷kajkq ,nk fuu

fnda.fha îc wdydrhg .kS'

khsg%cka ;srldrlhla" wdjrK fnda.hla"

yd jgmKq úl¾Yl Ydlhla (cereal cyst

nematode) f,i Ndú;d lrhs' úfoaY rgj, jd‚c

j.djkays lr,a wiajekak wvq ld,hg W,dlk

i;=kag wdydr f,i Ndú;d lrhs' ´iafÜ%,shdj"

kjiS,ka;h" bkaÈhdj" b;d,sh" m%xYh yd cmdkh

hk rgj, jd‚cj j.d lrhs'

kqjrt<sh m%foaYfha Ôj;ajQ hqfrdamSh

cd;slhkaf.a ksjdij, j.dlr ;snqKehs mjik

îksia fnda.h wog;a kqjrt<sh" l|fmd<" iS;dt<sh"

óms<sudk yd Ydka;smqr m%foaYj, b;d iq¿ jYfhka

olakg ,efí' fuu m%foaYfha f.j;=j, t<j¿

yd u,a md;a;s bjqf¾ yd jeg bjqrej, îksia

m÷rla folla j.d fldg ;sîu olakg ,efí'

m,sfndaOkdYl Ndú;fhka f;drj j.d l< yels

fuu fnda.h oekg j|fjñka mj;s' khsg%cka

;sr lrk wdjrK fnda.hla jk fuh w¾;dm,a

f.dúm, j, j.d fldg i;a;aj wdydr f,i yd

fldïfmdaiaÜ ksIamdokh i|yd úNj;djhla we;s

fnda.hls'

fuu m%foaYj, .Dykshka úiska îksia îc"

w¾;dm,a fyda uia iuÕ msi wdydrhg tlalr .kS'

jdIamfhka ;ïnd .eUqre f;f,a neo .ekSfuka

lg .eiaula f,i fukau iqma f,io wdydrhg .;

9

yel' Ökh we;=¿ fndfyda rgj, îksia îc yd <má

lr,a j,ska úúO jÜfgdare wkqj ilia l< wdydr

msÕka oel.; yelsh'

wä 2-4 muK Wig m÷rla wdldrhg jefvk

fuu Ydlfha lf|a yrialv y;/ia yeve;sh'

iqÿ meye u,afm;s j, l¿ meye me,a,ula iys;

w,xldr u,a j,ska iukaú;h' iEu m¾jhlu mqIam

tlla fyda lsysmhla olakg ,efí' ;shqKq iqj| ksid

ó ueiaika yd wfkl=;a lDñka uÕska mrd.Kh fõ'

u,a lrd we§ tk ó ueis .yKh jeäjk ;rug

wiajekak jeäjk nj meyeÈ,sj oel.; yelsh'

fyd¢ka mrd.Kh jQ u,aj,ska îc 3 l lr,la o"

fyd¢ka mrd.Kh fkdjQ u,aj,ska îc 1-2 lr,la

o wiajekak f,i ,efí' úfoaYSh kj m%fNaoj, îc

6-7 iys; lr,a yg.kS'

Ydlfha u,a yd M, yg.kakd m%ckl

wjêfha§ 15-200C m%Yia: WIaK;ajh f,i ie,flk

w;r u,a ;=yskj,g Tfrd;a;= foa' tkï È.=ld,Sk

YS; foaY.=Khg fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= foa' WIaK;ajh

27°C g jvd jeäjk úg u,a ye,S hdu isÿfõ' c,

jykh ÿ¾j, mia i|yd o fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= foa'

10

fikaáóg¾ 4-5 .eUqßka yd j¾.

ógrhg m÷re 9 la muK isák mßÈ tla

ia:dkhl îc 2 la f,i foaYSh j¾.h

isgqùu iqÿiqh' Ydlh j¾Okh ù udihlska

muK Ydlfha uq,g mia tl;= l< hq;=h'

isgqjd udi 4-5 ;a w;r u,a yg.kakd

ld,fha § w.%ia: wxl=rh lvd oeóu isÿ

lsÍfuka j¾Ol j¾Okh kej;S fyd¢ka

msreK lr,a we;sfõ' ke;skï È.ska

È.gu j¾Ol j¾Okh fõ' wdOdrl fldagq

isgqùfuka weo jeàu j<lajd .; yel'

lrf,a j¾Kh fld< meyefha isg ÿUqre

meyeùu;a iuÕ wiajkq fk,Su isÿlrhs'

jirlg muK miq l|ka lmd oud

mia tl;= lsÍfuka ksß j.djla f,i

mj;ajdf.k hd yel' ksßj.dfõ l|ka

m%udKh md,kh lr .ekSfuka fyd|

wiajekakla ,nd .; yelsh'

fmdaIH mod¾:h fmdaIKSh w.h

Yla;sh 341 Kcal

ldfndayhsfâ%Ü 58.59 g

fm%daàka 26.12 g

fïoh 1.53 g

fld,iagfrda,a 0 mg

;ka;= 25 g

f*df,aÜ 423 µg

úgñka A 53 IU

úgñka C 1.4 mg

úgñka K 9 µg

le,aishï 103 mg

hlv 6.70 mg

îgd lefrdáka 32 µg

(Source: USDA National Nutrient data base)

f.dúlï iÕrdjg f;dr;=re tla lf<a"

ã' tï' tia' tia' Èidkdhliyldr lDIsl¾u wOHCI ^ixj¾Ok&

ksfhdacH lDIsl¾u wOHlaI ^îc& ld¾hd,h"

i|;ekak mdr" kqjrt<sh

fmdaIK ;;a;ajh European iÕrdjg wkqj wêl ;rndre nj

wvq lsÍug" ;ka;= jeä m%udKhla mj;sk neúka wka;%

ms<sld n,mEu wvq lsÍug" fldf,iagfrd,a uÜgu wvq

lsÍug yd úgñka B6" úgñka B12 yd Folate wvx.=

nj i|yka lr we;' wka;¾ cd, f;dr;=re wkqj

kejqï M, .%Eï 100 l wvx.= fmdaIl m%udKh my;

i|yka fõ'

11

l< tu m%fNaoh jqjo" îc ksIamdok lghq;=

ixúOdkh lr.ekSfï wiu¾:;djh fya;=fjka

oekg f.dú lafIa;%j, j.d fkdflf¾'

ixLHdfjka 79 la jQ wfkla ks¾foaYs; ù m%fNao

ish,a,u fukav,Sh m%fõKs úoHd uQ,O¾u j,g

wkql+,j" ffoysl ,laIK wkqhd; mrïmrd

.;ùfï isoaê mokïj ksmojQ tajd ñi"

Ôj-;dlaIKsl wkdjrKhka Tiafia ìysl<

tajd fkdfõ' fujeks jerÈ f;dr;=rla ck

iudch ;=< me,mÈhï ùug bv ÿkfyd;a th

wdmiq ksjerÈ l< fkdyels fjkjd muKla

fkdj" Ydl wNsckkfha uQ,sl úoHd;aul

isoaOdka;hka mjd fkdokakd ck;djla

fkdu. heùfï nrm;, wmrdOhlao t;ek

isÿfjkq we;'

wdpd¾h tï' mS' Okmd,ysgmq wOHlaI"

ù m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"

n;,f.dv

wOHdmkh fyda jD;a;Sh w;aoelSï

yryd hï lreKla ms<sn|j ,nd we;s

ksmqK;ajh wNsnjd hñka fjk;a ud;Dld j,g

msúi" tajd .ek .eUqßka l;dlsÍu wm úiska

fkdl< hq;a;ls' fujeks woyilska fï ,smsh

wrUkafka wo ojfia j.dlrk kj ks¾foaYs; ù

m%fNaohka" oekg f,dj mqrd wdkafoda,kd;aul

ud;Dldjla njg m;aj we;s zzcdk fjkia

l<ZZ fnda. .Khg we;=,;a lr jerÈ woyila

me;srùug lreKq fkdokakd msßila lghq;=

lsÍu ksidh' yhsì%â fkdfyd;a fouqyqï

ù j¾.hla jqjo ,xldfõ ksmojd we;af;a

tlla muKh' î'Ô' 407 H hkqfjka kï

12

ù wNsckkh lrñka kj m%fNao

ksmoùfï b;sydih Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=j ;rugu merKs l;djls' wo

by, w.hlg tiù we;s rfÜ ù ksIamdok

úNjh jkdyS lemùfuka jevl< wNsckk

úoaj;=kaf.a uykaisfha m%;sM,hls' w;S;fha§

f.dùka úiska j.dlrk ,o wvq wiajekakla

,ndÿka ù m%fNaohka wìNjd hkakg lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=j fuf,i lghq;= flrefõ

wehs@ Èjhsfka m,fjk merKs;u lDIsl¾u

iÕrdj jk Tropical Agriculturist" fj¿ï

wxl 3 ^cQ,s-iema;eïn¾" 1945& ys 191 fjks

msgqfõ" m<uq fma,s ;=fkys ,shù we;s oE by;

m%Yakhg ms<s;=re imhhs' tys i|ykaj we;af;a

1940 jif¾§ ,xldfõ rch úiska foaYSh iy,a

wjYH;djfhka ;=fkka follau wdkhkh

l< njh' tmuKlao fkdj tjlg lDIsl¾u

wOHlaIjrhdj isá ã' ßkaâ ^D. Rhind&

uy;d úiska by; iÕrdfõu" fj¿ï wxl 2

^wfma%,a - cqks" 1949 ys msgq wxl 64 - 68 olajd

m<lr we;s ,xldfõ ù wiajekafka

wNsjDoaêh ^Improvement of Paddy Yields

in Ceylon& hk ,smsho fuhg idlaIs imhk

;j;a ms<s;=rls' tu jljdkqfõ§ cd;sl ù

wiajekafka idudkH w.h wlalrhg nqi,a 13 la

^fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 0'65& nj tys

i|ykaj ;snqKs'

fuu m%udKhka ie,ls<su;aj

úYaf,aIKh l,hq;af;a tl, rfÜ isá

ck.ykh;a iu.h' th ,laI 65 la muK

jk m%udKhls' tfiau tl, ù f.dú;ek yd

iy,a ksIamdokh uq¨ukskau mokïj ;snqfka

f.dúhd i;=j ;snQ idïm%odhsl oekqu"

fmdfydr f,i ldnksl øjH Ndú;h yd

foaYShj imhd.; yels ù m%fNao u; nj wm

isys ;nd.; hq;=fõ' tfiau tl, ck;djf.a

wdhq wfmalaIdj jir 50 la jeks wvq w.hl

;snqk njo wu;l l<hq;= fkdfõ' luf;ka

f.g .kakd ù u,a, ksmoùug bjy,ajQ oekqu"

Ndú;d l< fmdfydr" j.dl< m%fNao jeks

ishÆ ix>glhka uq¿ukskau foaYSh fj;a§"

ck;djf.a wdhqld,h fu;rï my, w.hlg

f.diska ;snqfka wehsoehs úuiSu;a t;rï

widOdrK ke;'

kQ;k wkql ÔjúoHd;aul

wkdjrKhka l,t<s neiafia oekg oYl

;=klg muK fmr§h' ta fjdÜika" l%sla hk

úoaj;a fom, úiska 1953 §" ã'tka'ta' wkqfõ

oaúfy,slaidldr jHqyh fidhd.ekSfuka

miqjh' m%dfõKsl fjkialsÍu ^Genetic

13

Modification& hk moh Ndú;d lrkqfha

msgia;rfhka y÷kajdfok wd.ka;=l cdk

u.ska lsishï m%dKsfhl=f.a uQ,sl cdk ixhq;sh

fjkialrkq ,nk wjia:djkays§h' fuh 80

oYlfha w. Nd.fha§ úoHd;aul f,dalh úiska

fidhd .;a l%ufõohls' óg lÈu WodyrKhla

jkafka zyshquq,skaZ ^Humulin& kue;s

ksIamdokhhs' wm fndfyda fokd okakd mßÈ

ñksidf.a reêr.; iSks m%udKh hdukh

lsÍug w.akHdYh kue;s wjhjh u.ska

ksmojkakd bkaishq,ska kï fyda¾fudakh

fya;=fõ' bkaishq,ska ksmoùug wod< ix{d

i,l=K iys; cdk ñksia isref¾ ;sfí' tu

cdk fjkalrf.k tiapfrÑhd flda,hs

fkdfyd;a B flda,hs kue;s nelaàßhdfõ

;sfnk j,hdldr cdk fma,shg noaO

lr.kakg ñksid iu;ajqks' oeka fuh cdk

fjkia l< nelaàßhdjls' ukaoh;a th ork

cdk j,ska fldgila Tjqkg whs;s ke;s"

ñksidg wh;a tajd ùuhs' fuu cdk odufha

we;s" tfy;a bkaishq,ska ksIamdokhg wod<

ke;s cdk fldgia úÉfþokh lr bj;a

lsÍugo miqj lghq;= lrkakg fhÿks'

nelaàßhdfõ m%ckkh fõ.j;ah' ta ksid

Tjqka fõ.fhka .=Kkh fjkjd hkq

fuu cdko jeä jeäfhka ksmoùuls' fuu

nelaàßhdj úiska ;ud i;= bkaishq,ska cdk

fhdojd .ksñka bkaishq,ska ksmojk ksid

ñksidg oeka l<hq;af;a nelaàßhd jefvk

udOHhh ;=,ska bkaishq,ska wiajekak fjkalr

.ekSu muKs' w.akHdYh ÿ¾j,j" bkaishq,ska

ksIamdokhg w.=,ajeà we;s Èhjeähd

frda.Skaf.a reêr.; iSks hdukhg fuu

bkaishq,ska oeka fhdod.; yelsh' mqÿuh jkafka

cdk fjkial< Ôùkaf.a w.=K olsk lsisu

flfkla fï olajd fuu ixisoaêh úfõpkh

lsÍug" ffjoH lafIa;%h ;=,ska fyda bka

mßndysrj fyda bÈßm;a fkdùuhs' Tjqyq

kEiQlkaj isà'

úoHd;aul ck iudcfha mej;sh hq;=

idrO¾u yd yeisÍu úh hq;af;a thhs' Tjqyq

hul .=K w.=K úuiSu okakd lshk whg

Ndr§ ksy~j isákjd úkd" fkdokakd fohl

yevrej w;.d n,kakg hkafka ke;'

lDIs úoaj;=ka úiska kj m%fNaohka

jYfhka ksmojd we;s ishÆu ù j¾."

tlg uqyq l<hq;= foudmshka f;dardf.k

ksYaÑ; ,laIK iys; orefjla ìyslsÍfï

n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka ksmojQ tajd fõ' tys§

ixl,kh jQ cdk ish,a, uj fyda mshd i;= jQ

f.dhï mrmqf¾u cdk ñi" msáka meñKs

tajd lsisjla tys we;af;a ke;' 1952 § fuu

lghq;= wdrïN jqfha Èjx.; uydpd¾h tï'

t*a' pkaør;ak f.a iyNd.s;ajfhks' Tyq tl,

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ isá WoaNso

úoHd{hd úh ^oekg tjka ;k;=rla

fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< ke;&' Èk jljdkq

úuid n,kúg fmfkkafka Tyq ;u lghq;=

wdrïNlr we;af;a" fjdÜika l%sla fom,

;udf.a wkdjrKhka ck.; lrkakg;a

fmr§h' fuu lghq;= j,g iuld,Skj

wdpd¾h fylag¾ ùrr;akf.a m%Odk;ajfhka

n;,f.dv ù wNsckk ia:dkho wdrïN lrk

,§' uq,§ zHZ ixfla;h iys; ù j¾.;a" miqj

14

Bg, Bw yd At hkd§ ixfla; /.;a kj ù

m%fNao ìysjqfha fufia werUqKq ù wNsckk

jevms<sfj, yrydh' fï lsisjla cdk

fjkial< m%fNaohka fyda fouqyqï ^yhsì%â&

fyda fkdfõ' úúO m%fNaohka uqyqï lsÍfï

tlu wruqK jQfha" f.dhï Ydl w;r ;ek

;ek úisÍ ;snqKq wmg m%shckl jQ foay

,laIK tl Ydlhla ;=<g .d,a lr.ekSu

i|yd jQ wjYH;djhhs' fukav,Sh m%fõKs

úoHd;aul uQ,O¾u yd m%udKd;aul m%fõKs

úoHdfõ wkdjrKhka ms<smÈñka" fufia

ìyslr .kakd kj m%fNao ;j;a mrïmrd

10 - 12 la muK bÈßhg mj;ajdf.k hkafka"

wod< foay ,laIK" h,s fkdfjkiafjk

fia m%fNaoh ;=< ;sr lsÍug;a" th mdßY=oaO

m%fNaohla njg m;alsÍug;ah'

we;euqka fkdoekqj;alñka w¾:

olajkjd fia wka;¾ uqyqï wNsckkh

cdk fjkia lsÍula kï" wmg lsjyels

jkafka iajNdúl mrmrd.kfhka f,dj

ìysfjk ish¨ Ydl mrïmrd mjd cdk

fjkiajQ tajd njhs' ;j;a ydfiHda;amdol f,i

lsj yelafla" iuia; i;a;aj ixy;sfhau WmÈk

ish¨ orejka cdk fjkiajQ Ôùka njhs'

fouqyqï ù iE§uo mrmrd.khg

mokï jQ ixisoaêhla jqjo th fjku l;djls'

Ökfha uydpd¾hjrfhl= jQ hqjdka f,dka.a mska

fkdfyd;a fouqyqï ù ks¾udKfha mshd f,i

ie<flk úoaj;d úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o

tu l%ufõoh yd tys wruqKq bÈßm;a lsÍug

fuu flá ,shú,a, m%udKj;a fkdfõ'

.a,hsfiñla o¾Ylh ^GI& kue;s

mohla oekg oYlhlg u|la tyd ld,hl

isg iy,a m%fNao fjkqfjka Ndú;d fjkakg

mgkaf.k ;sfí' hï ;rulg ta u.ska m%ldY

jkafka n;a wkqNj lsÍfuka miq foay moaO;sh

15

;=< .aÆfldaia ìysfjk fõ.h ksrEmkh

flfrk w.hls' kj jeäÈhqKq l< ù

m%fNao j, by< .a,hsfiñla o¾Ylhka we;ehs

ksYaÑ;j lshfjk wjq,a iy.; m%ldY ksl=;a

lrkakg fmr" úoHdkql+, m¾fhaIKhka

yryd ;sßÕ= msá yd idïm%odhsl ù j¾.hkays

.a,hsfiñla o¾Ylhka" jeäÈhqKq l< ù

m%fNaohkays tu o¾Ylhka yd ixikaokh

lsÍu wksjd¾hhfhkau isÿúh hq;a;la fõ'

fuu w.fhys mq¿,a mrdihla kj m%fNao j,

fukau idïm%odhsl m%fNaohkayso ;sìh yels

neúka" ksis wOHhkhlska f;drj hï m%fNao

ldKavhla fjkqfjka fmdÿ ;SrKhla .ekSu

úoHdkql+, jkafka ke;'

ù wNscklhska úiska fnda fkdfjk

frda.j,ska ck;dj uqod.ekSu i|yd wvq

.a,hsfiñla o¾Ylhka iys; ù m%fNao

ksmoùula lsis lf,l isÿù ke;' Bg fya;=jQfha

wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh yd iajhxfmdaIs; ;;a;ajh

,Õdlr.ekSu Wfoid muKla lghq;= lsÍu

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾hNdrh ùuhs'

kj jeäÈhqKq l< m%fNaohkays .a,hsfiñla

o¾Yl w.h jeähhs yefÕkafka kï" tajd

<ore wdydr ksIamdokh i|yd fhdod.;

yelsh' ke;fyd;a le,ß wjYH;djhg wkqj

md,khlska hq;=j" fnda fkdfjk frda.

je<£fï wjodkula we;s jeäysáhka

fjkqfjka jqjo Ndú;d l< yelsh' óg

wu;rj ksjqâv hyñka bj;a fkdl<" ;eïnQ

iyf,ka msiQ n;a wkqNj lrkafka kï"

Ô¾Kh m%udoj isÿfjk ksid .a,hsfiñla

o¾Ylh jeä m%fNaohlska jqjo" reêrhg

läkñka iSks ksoyia ùula isÿ fkdjkafkah'

óg wu;rj ;ka;=" Lksc" úgñka" fm%daàka

wd§ kka jeoEreï fmdaIK mod¾:hka

ish,a,u;a tu wdydrfha wka;¾.; fõ' r;=

n;la m%sh lrkafka kï" tjka m%fNao 27 lau

jeäÈhqKq l< ù m%fNao w;r ;sfí' Èhjeähd

frda.h r;= n;a wkqNj lrkakka w;ro ;sfí'

ta ksid ksYaÑ; úoHd;aul idlaIs mokulska

f;drj" fnda fkdfjk frda. jHdma;ùug

fya;=jla jkq we;ehs is;d jeä ÈhqKq l<

iy,a m%fNao wkqNj fkdlsÍug ñksiqka

Èß.ekaùu wdpdr O¾uhkag wkql+, fkdfõ'

ukaoh;a" fnda fkdfjk frda. je<£u Wfoid

;j;a idOl fndfyduhla fya;=fjk neúks'

j¾;udk bf,lafg%dksl hq.fha ñksiqkag

mqreÿù we;s w,i Ôjk rgdj;a" läkï wdydr

rgdj ;=, jecfUk ;sßÕ= msá mokï wdydr

yd .eUqre f;f,a neÈ wdydr;a" kj ù m%fNao

úfõpkh lrkakjqka úiska ys;du;du u.yer

f.dia ;snqk;a" fnda fkdfjk frda. u;=ùu

flfrys tajd jeä odhl;ajhla fkd.kafkaoehs

úuiSu jà'

uE;l§ tla;rd fm!oa.,sl rEmjdyskS

kd,sldjla meje;ajQ jevigykl§" ù j¾.

iïnkaOfhka tla;rd wúksYaÑ; m%ldYhka

lSmhla ck.; lrkakg fhÿks'

1. l¿ySká kue;s merKs ù j¾.h j¾;udk

jeäÈhqKq l< ù j,g jvd fo.=Khla

fm%daàka iys; nj' ^merKs j¾.fha ku

i|yka jqjo" kQ;k j¾.fha ku m%ldY

jqfha ke;'&

16

2. idïm%odhsl ù j¾. wlalrhlg nqi,a 70 la

muK w.hla olajd wiajekak ,nd fok

nj' ^fuh .Kkh l< idudkH cd;sl

wiajekako" tfia ke;akï l=vd md;a;shl

wiajekak f.k" md;a;sfha lafIa;%M,h

wlalrhlg mßj¾;kh lrñka ,nd.;a

Wml,ams; wiajekaklao hhs lSfõo ke;'&

3. tla;rd fldaúâ-19 frda.sfhla idïm%odhsl

iy,a Ndú;fhka ms<sfh< l< zTiq le|Z

mdkfhka miq iqjm;a jQ nj' ^wfkla

iqjm;ajQ frda.Ska yd ñh.sh frda.Ska yg

tfia jQfha fuu m%;sldrh l< ksido"

fkdl< ksido hhs lSfõo ke;'&

4. idïm%odhsl iyf,ka msiQ n;a wkqNj

lrkakka ;=< jeä iajNdúl m%;sYla;shla

mj;akd nj' ^foay m%;sYla;sh fya;=fjka

frda. ,laIK fkdfmkajd" tfy;a jhsrih

orñka frda.h m;=rejd yßk jdylhska"

fï wkqj idïm%odhsl iy,a muKla wkqNj

lrkakkao hkak meyeÈ,s flrefõo

ke;' wmf.a úoHd wjfndaOh wkqj kï"

fujeks úp,H;djhla hï Ôù .ykhl

;sîu .ek tl jpkhlska lshkjdkï th

ffcj úúO;ajhhs'&

bÈßm;a lrk mqoa.,hska úYajdijka;j

lreKq f.kyermdkafka kï wik krUk

idudkH ck;dj fufia ieluqiqj m%Yak

k.kafka ke;'

ù wNsckkhg iqúfYaI jQ iSud udhsï

;sfí' me<Eáfha ldhsl úoHd;aul l%shdoduhka

fl;rï ld¾hlaIuj yd fõ.j;aj isÿjqj;a"

ffcj ksIamdokh f,i wiajekak ìyslsÍug

fkdyelsfjk ;rug fuu iSud udhsï

n,mdhs' ñksidf.a foay j¾Okhg wjYHfjk

ish¨ fmdaIH mod¾:hka wka;¾.; l<

úYañ; iy,a weghla ksmojkakg lsisÿ

wNscklfhla iu;a fkdfõ' fuh jkdyS

ish¨ frda. kik T!IOhla f,dalfha ìysù

ke;sjdla jeks ixisoaêhls' ù wNsckkfha

taldhk wruqK ù ;sfnkafka ck;djg ;u

m%Odk wdydrfha iqrlaIs;;djh w;alr §uhs'

Tjqkaf.a fmdaIKfha fm%daàk fldgi iemhSfï

j.lSu we;af;a iy,a wNscklhska Ndrfha

fkdj" mY= iïm;a ixj¾Ok yd ëjr

lghq;= .ek n,dlshd .kakd Woúh i;=jh'

lDIsl¾ufha isák rks, fnda. jeä ÈhqKq

lrkakkag;a bka fldgilg lr .eish yelsh'

fï ksid w;jYH weuhsfkda wï, ish,af,ka

imsß iy,l ìysùula kï wvudk iys;

ixisoaêhls'

fuu wdfõksl wk¾:hka fkdi,ld

hïlsis msßila idïm%odhsl ù m%fNao j.dlsÍug

keUqrejkafka kï" thg ndOdlsÍugo wmg

whs;shla ke;' tfia jqjfyd;a wksjd¾hfhkau

wm bÈßfha we;af;a iy,a ysÕ" úfoaYhkaf.ka

b;sßh f.kajd.ekSug isÿfjk wkd.;hls'

l,lg by;§ fuu idïm%ohsl ù m%fNao

wmf.a l=Uqrej, j.d l< iufha ñ,apdâ iy

iqÿyd,a kñka ye¢kajQ úfoaYsl iy,a udÈ,s

folla furg ck;dfjka jeä msßilg lkakg

isÿ jQ nj" me/kakkag wu;l úh fkdyelsh'

i;shlg tl mqoa.,fhl=g iy,a fiare folla

muKhs hkqfjka tl, iSud udhsïo fï rg

17

fmardfo‚h iriúfhka 1968 jif¾§ lDIsl¾uh

ms,sn| uQ,sl Wmdêh ,enQ Okmd, uy;d" ;u

o¾Ykm;s Wmdêh iy,a wNsckkh fjkqfjka

,enqfõ cmdkfha id.d úYaj úoHd,fhks' bka

wk;=rej weußldfõ W;=re vefldagd m%dka; úYaj

úoHd,fhka m%fõKs úoHdj yd Ydl wNsckkh

ms<sn|j wdpd¾h Wmdêh ,nd .kakd fyf;u" 1988

yd 1989 hk jir fol i|ydu tu úYaj úoHd,fhka

msfok úYsIaG;ajh i|yd jQ Ydia;%{ m%Odkho

Èkdf.k ;sfí' 1982 jif¾§ iy,a wNsckkh

fjkqfjka ckdêm;s iïudkho ,nk Tyq

lDIsl¾u lafIa;%hg fok ,o odhl;ajh fjkqfjka

f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfhka fokq ,nk

firia molalugo ysñlï lshhs' Y%S ,xldj yd ol=Kq

fldßhdj taldnoaOj msysgqjdf.k we;s zY%S,xfldardZ

u.ska lDIs úoHd{hd fjkqfjka msfok 2018 iïudkho

,enqfka wdpd¾h Okmd,g h' 2017 jif¾§ fmardfo‚h

úYaj úoHd,fha jc% chka;sh fjkqfjka ms¥ iïudkhgo

ysñlï lshk Okmd, uy;d oekg furg isák m%ùK

fukau fcHIaG;u iy,a wNsckk úoHd{hd fõ'

yd, fjkqfjka ;snqKs' tl, ;snQ

l+mka iys; zyd,afmd;Z ;udf.a

Wmamekak iy;slhg;a jvd jákd

,shú,a,la nj fuu kQ;k úfõplhskag

wu;lùu wjdikdjls'

flfia fj;;a idïm%odhsl

ù m%fNao j¾Kkd lrñka tajd Tijd

;nkakka úiska wkd.; Y%S ,xldfõ

m%Odk wdydrfha iqrlaIs;;djho

Ndr.; hq;=fõ' tu iqrlaIs;;djh

hkq i,a,sldr wd;aud¾:ldó iqmsß

me,eka;shla ikyk iqrlaIs;;djhla

fkdúh hq;=h' ish¨ ck;djg oeßh

yels ñ,lg iy,a imhk" rgjeishka

ish¨fokd fmdaIKh l< yels ;rfï

ù ksIamdokhla fuu idïm%odhsl ù

j¾. Ndú;dlrñka Tjqka l< hq;=fõ'

tfiau tu wkd.;h ÿmam;=kag lEu

i|yd nd, yd ,dN iy,a úfoaYhkaf.ka

wdkhkh fkdflfrk iqrlaIs;

hq.hlao úh hq;=h'

isxy, mßj¾;kh (

ik;a tï' nKavdr

cd;sl lDIsl¾u f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

uOHia:dkh" .kafkdarej

wdpd¾h tï' mS' Okmd,

18

Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsl¾u fCIa;%fha rdcH

wxYh fukau mqoa.,sl wxYho iyfhda.fhka

foaYSh lDIsl¾u lafIa;%fha Wkak;sh i|yd

orK m%h;akh buy;ah'

w;S;fha isgu lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m¾fhaIK ks,Odßka úiska

fidhd .;a úúO ;dCIKsl lDIs fhojqï

j¾;udkfha§ o b;d id¾:l whqßka fhdod

.ksñka mj;S' j¾;udkfha foaYSh lDIs

fhojqï ioyd mj;sk b,a¨u Èfkka Èk

by< hk w;r úYd, jYfhka wdkhksl øjH

j,ska Bg úi÷ï ,nd §ug fm<ö isà' tjeks

mßirhl m%Yia: whqßka fhda.H lDIs fhojqï

foaYShj m¾fhaIK uÕska ksmojñka lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=j f.dú ck;djg tod

fuod;=r fiajh l< whqßka u;=od o fiajh

lsÍug ikakoao fjñka mj;s' tys§ kj fNda.

m%fNaohka y÷kd.ekSu m%uqL jk w;r"

frdamK øjH f,i m%Odk jYfhka îc Ndú;d

fõ' tu îc o fkduqyqï m%fNao mdßY=oaOlrKh"

fouqyqï wNsckkkh fyda úlD;s wNsckkh

hk ;dCIKsl l%ufõo j,ska ksmojQjd úh

yelsh'

Wla; wdldrfhka úúO lDIs ;dCIKsl

l%u yuqfõ jeä wiajkq iys; foaYSh mßirhg

wkqj¾;s; .=Kd;aul fnda. m%fNaohka

ksmoùug kj ;dCIKsl l%uhla f,i úlD;s îc

wNsckkh Ndú;d lrhs' fï i|yd .eud lsrK

úlsrK hka;%hla Ndú;d l< w;r" wm rfÜ

fuh 1980 oYlfha .kafkdarej WoHdk fnda.

m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kfha t<j¿

wxYfha m¾fhaIK ks,Odßka úiska isÿlr

we;;a Bg wod, úlsrK hka;%h wl%sh ùfuka

miq tu m¾fhaIK lghq;= ;rula ÿrg ukao.dó

jqjo kej;;a tu wxYh mK.ekaùug

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j iu;aj we;'

18 19

wNsckk lghq;= i|yd Ndú;h

wNsckk lghq;= j,§ kj m%fNao

we;s lsÍu i|yd .eudlsrK Ndú;fha § Ôù

Ydl ksheÈ f,i îc" l=vd me<" m;% fldgia"

w, j¾." mrd." lskl (callus) l,,

(embriyos) wd§ Ydl m%pdrl wjhj Ndú;d

lrhs' fuys§ Ydl ffi, ;=< jQ m%fõKs foay

j,g (DNA) NIau ieleiafï fjkia ùula .eud

lsrK uÕska isÿfõ' ̂fï i|yd iqÿiq .eud lsrK

;Sj%;djh fidhd.; hq;=fõ& tys§ n,mEug

,lajQ cdk fldgiska md,kh jk ,laIKh

fyda ,laIK j, fjkialï j¾Okfha§

±lsh yelsfõ' kuq;a fuu ;dlaIKfha §

b,lal .; f,i fnda. ,laIK fjkia

lsÍug fkdyelsh' wjia:d .Kkdjlska

wyUq f,i we;sjk fjkila isÿlr .;

yelsfõ' tfiau fnda. fCIa;%fha j.d fldg

isÿjQ fjkfia ys;lr nj fyda wys;lr nj

;SrKh l< hq;=fõ' ys;lr ,laIK iys; fNda.

f;aÍfuka kj m%fNao f,i y÷kd.ekSu isÿfõ'

.eud ;dlaIKh uÕska" ksmojk

m%fNao lD;Suj cdk fjkia lsÍfuka

ksmojk ,o fnda. .Khg (Genatically

Modify - GM) wh;a fkdfõ' tfiau ridhksl

úlD;s uÕska ksmojk fnda. m%fNao .Khgo

fuu fnda. wh;a fkdfõ'

.eud ;dlaIKh lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=jg w¿;a w;aoelSula fkdjk

w;r m¾fhaIK lafIa;%h i|yd w;S;fha

isgu Ndú;d lr we;' t;rï ckm%sh fkdjqko

kj m%fNao ksIamdokh i|yd óg fmr fuu

;dlaIKh lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

fhdodf.k we;' j¾;udkfha fuu hka;%h

Ndú;fha cd;sl fiajhla isÿlsÍug lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=j n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m¾fhaIK

wdh;k j,g wu;rj ;,jdlef,a f;a

m¾fhaIK wdh;kh" je,s.;a; lDIs ;dCIK

mSGh iy Èjhsfka wfkl=;a m¾fhAIK

wdh;k fï jk úg .eud lsrK Ndú;d

lr kj lDIs ;dCIKsl ksmehqï foaYSh

lDIsl¾udka;hg odhdo lsÍug lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=j iuÕ w;aje,a ne| lghq;=

wrUd we;' tys§ kj m%fNao we;s lsÍu uÕska

f;a l¾udka;h ÈhqKq lsÍu" kj úis;=re u,a

j¾. we;slsÍfuka úis;=re u,a j.dj" m%Odk

m<sfndaO y÷kd.ksñka tu i;=kaf.a .yKh

j¾Okh md,kh" l=l=¿ md,kfha§ we;sjk

frda. i|yd kj tkak;a ksmoùu jeks

m¾fhaIK fï jk úg;a wdrïN lr we;'

Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk fmf,a frday,a

fukau .eudlsrK ;dlaIKh Ndú;d lrk

fm!oa.,sl wdh;k f,i Hensen Lanka

yd Sri Lanka Gama Centre hk wdh;khka

ie<lsh yelsh'

² wdydr øjH l,a;nd .ekSug;a"

ÔjdkqyrKhg;a .eud lsrK jdKsc

uÜgñka Ndú;d lrhs'

19

20

² úúO wdydrhkays wdid;añl;djhla we;s

lrk øjHhka wl%Sh lsÍu i|yd o .eud lsrK

Ndú;d lrhs' Wod' - lsßj, β Lacto globulin,

ì;a;rj, we,aìhqñka iy l=ksiaikaf.a

fg%dfmdïhsiska jeks wdid;añl;d

we;slrk øjH wl%Sh lsÍu'

² mdxY= m¾fhaIKj,§ mfia isák

Actinomycetes, wmDIaGjxYsl Ôùka úkdY

lsÍu i|yd 10 K Gy, o nelaàßhd úkdY

lsÍu i|yd 20 K Gy o hk ;Sj%;djhkaf.ka

.eud lsrK Ndú;d lrhs'

úlsrKYS,S øjH j,ska idudkHfhka

α, β, γ ^we,a*d" îgd iy .eud& hk lsrK

j¾. ;=ku ksl=;a jk w;r tajdfha .eí.;a

Yla;shg wkqj úúO m%;sY; j,ska fuu lsrK

ksl=;a fõ' ;jo oekg Ndú;d lrk lsrK jk

x lsrK iy kshqfg%dak jeks w;s m%n, lsrK

iuÕ ii|k l< tajdfha m%n,;djh my;

mßÈ fõ'

20

kuq;a Co-60 iuia:dkslh .eud

lsrK ksl=;a lsÍu i|yd jQ b;d m%n, uQ,

øjHhls' tkï ÈYdjla iy wdfrdamk Yla;shla

fkdue;s .eud lsrK fojeks jkafka

kshqfg%dak lsrK j,g muKs'

fujeks ;dCIKsl l%ufõohka

m¾fhaIK fCIa;%h i|yd .%yKh lsÍfï§

cd;sl jYfhka yd wka;¾ cd;sl jYfhka

mrudKq n,Yla;Ska ms<sn|j j. jQ wdh;kh

jk wka;¾ cd;sl mrudKq n,Yla;S

ksfhdacs; wdh;kh (IAEA), YS% ,xld mrudKq

n,Yla;S uKav,h (SL.AEB), Y%S ,xld

mrudKq n,Yla;s kshduk iNdj (SL.AERC)

hk wdh;khkays wëCIKh hgf;a tajdfhys

ksS;s fr.=,dis j,g wkqj isÿfõ'

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgla

kjHlrKh ;=,ska lDIsl¾udka;fha ÈhqKqj

i|yd kj ;dCIKh Ndú;d lsÍug orK

m%h;akfha§ lDIs m¾fhaIlhskag kj fidhd

.ekSï i|yd .eud lsrK Ndú;d lsÍug

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j wjia:dj Wod lr

we;'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg f;dr;=re tla lrkafka"

wd¾' tï' fÊ' iS' î' fiakdkdhlm¾fhaIK iyldr

WoHdk fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"

.kafkdarej

ÔjdkqyrKh l< wdydr

21

úYd, yd mq¿,a mrdihla ;=< jHdma;j

mj;sk ;dlaIK l%ufõo rdYshla fuu

ffcj ;dlaIK hg;g .efka' fuu úúO

l%ufõohka uÕska Ôúfhl=f.a fldgila

Ôúfhl= fyda Ôj moaO;shla ñksid úiska

isÿlrk ksIamdokhla fyda tys hï

fjkialula isÿlsÍu i|yd fhdod .ekSu

ffcj ;dlaIKh f,i w¾: oelafõ'

fuu ;dlaIK l%ufõohka úúO

whqßka fhdod .efka' tajd ffi, úoHd;aul"

ffcj ridhk øjH ksIamdokh" cdk úoHd;aul

m¾fhaIK" mgl úoHd;aul m¾fhaIK hk

úIhka Tiafia nyq,j Ndú;d fõ'

fuh kùk ;dlaIKhla f,i

ye|skajqj o w;S;fha isg ñksid úúO ksIamdok

i|yd ffcj ;dlaIKh Ndú;d l< njg idOl

we;' wdydr fnda. wdY%s; ksIamdok i|yd

fuu ;dlaIKh Ndú;h f,dj uq,au id¾:l

ksIamdokhla f,i ye|skaúh yelsh' WodyrK

f,i fuifmdfÜkshdkq YsIaGdpdrfha isg

jd¾;djk jhska yd ìh¾ ksIamdokh i|yka

l< yelsh'

úisjk Y;j¾Ifha isg kùk

úoHdfõ ÈhqKqj iuÕ laIqø Ôùka fhdod

isÿlrk l¾udka; f,dj mqrd jHdma; úh'

fï wkqj ;sß.= msá wdY%s; ksIamdok nyq, úh'

úisjk ishjifha ueo ld,fha§ m%;sÔjl T!IO

ksIamdokh isÿjQ w;r fmksiS,shï fidhd

.ekSu yd ksIamdokh ffcj ;dlaIK Ndú;fha

ffjoH úoHdj i|yd id¾:l jQ fidhd .ekSula

úh' bkamiq ffcj ;dlaIKh ffjoH úoHdfõ

úúO ksIamdok i|yd fhdod .ekSu m%p,s;

úh' tu ld,fha§u mgl frdamK ;dlaIKh

b;d id¾:l ffcj ;dlaIK l%ufõohla njg

m;ajQ w;r tu.ska th úúO j.djka i|yd iy

Ôùka i|yd Ndú;h m%p,s; úh'

22

iïnkaO ffcj ;dlaIKh Ndú;h ;j ÿrg;a

jeäÈhqKq lrk ,§' fuu ;dlaIKh uÕska

idïm%odhsl m¾fhaIK l%ufõo jvd myiqfjka"

flál,lska yd l%uj;aj isÿlr .ekSug myiq

jQ w;r ta i|yd úúO WmlrK ksIamdokho

isÿ úh'

lDIsl¾udka;fha§ ffcj ;dlaIKh

úúO fnda. jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd b;d

id¾:lj fhdod .ekSu wo olajd isÿ flf¾'

cdk úoHd;aul f;dr;=re ´kEu Ôúfhl=

iïnkaO o;a; .nvdjla f,i ie,flk neúka

úoHd;aul m¾fhaIK i|yd tu cdk

úoHd;aul o;a; Ndú;h b;d iqÿiq l%ufõohla

nj y÷kd.kakd ,§'

ta wkqj Ôùkaf.a wNsckkhg wod<

ish¿ f;dr;=re" frda. úksYaph" úúO mdßißl

idOl i|yd f.dv .eiSï" Tfrd;a;=§ï"

Ôj iïNjh yd ika;;sfha § isÿj we;s

fjk;a úúO fjkialï fidhd .ekSu

cdk ;dlaIKh wdY%fhka id¾:lj isÿúh'

tfukau ta i|yd Ndú;ho jvd m%p,s; id¾:l

l%ufõohla nj ms<s .e‚k'

wNsckkfha§ cdk fjkia lsÍfuka

fnda. fyda Ôú ksIamdokh (Genetically

modified organisms) isÿ lsÍu f,dj mqrd

wdkafoda,khg ,lajQ úIhhla úh' tfy;a cdk

fjkia lsÍï uÕska úúO fnda. ksIamdokh

úúO rgj, isÿúh' WodyrK f,i weußldfõ

ksIamdokh lrk ,o ;lald,s" nvbß.= yd

fidahd m%fNao iy bkaÈhdfõ ksIamdÈ; lmq

m%fNao oelaúh yelsh'

lDIsl¾udka;fha§ úúO fnda. i|yd

wNsckk l%ufõohla id¾:lj isÿ lsÍug;a

.=Kd;aul" kSfrda.S me< jeä m%udKhla

ksIamdokhg;a ffjoH yd mY= ffjoH wxYfha

ksIamdok i|yd;a mgl frdamK ;dlaIKh wo

olajd id¾:l l%ufõohla f,i Ndú;d fõ'

úisjk ishjfia w. Nd.fha§ ridhk

úoHdfõ ÈhqKqj;a iuÕ ffcj ;dlaIKfha

Ndú;djka ;j ÿrg;a iQlaIu yd ishqï m¾fhaIK

l%ufõo fj; fhduq jQ w;r cdk úoHd;aul

m¾fhaIK jvd;aj mq¿,aj isÿúh' kùk

;dlaIKhka Ndú;fha bÈßfhkau isá

wefußldj" cmdkh yd hqfrdamSh rgj,a yd

bkaÈhdj cdk ;dlaIKh fnda. wNsckkhg"

i;a;aj úoHd;aul m¾fhaIK yd úúO ksIamdok

i|yd fhdod.;a w;r cdk ;dlaIKh yd

23

wdydr fnda. i|yd cdk fjkia

lsÍfï ksIamdok isÿlsÍu ms<sn| úúO .eg¿

we;sùu u; iuyr rgj,a tnÿ ksIamdok

isÿlsÍu fyda ,nd.ekSu m%;slafIam lrk ,§'

tfy;a ffjoH úoHdj i|yd cdk ;dlaIKh

fndfyda ÿrg Ndú;d jk w;r bkaishq,ska wd§

ksIamdok cdk fjkia lsÍï uÕska isÿlrk

ksIamdokfõ' cdk fjkia lsÍu uÕska fnda.

ksIamdokh i|yd w;súfYaI l%ufõo Ndú;h

wjYH ùu yd y÷kajd §u i|yd úfYaI mdßißl"

fi!LH wd§ ks¾foaY ,nd .ekSu isÿlsÍug

jeä ld,hla jeh lsÍug isÿùu jeks fya;= u;

tn÷ fnda. wNsckkh wvq úh' flfia fj;;a

cdk fjkialï isÿl< fnda. ms<sn| u;jdo

yd úoHd;aul fyda úoHd;aul fkdjk woyia

m%p,s; ùu nyq,j olakg ,efí'

fï wkqj ffcj ;dlaIKh hkq mq¿,a

úIh mrdihla ;=< me;sreKq ;dlaIKhla jk

nj meyeÈ,sh' fuu ;dlaIKh úoHdfõ ÈhqKqj

iuÕ úúO lafIa;% j, ch.%yK fndfyduhla

,Õdlr .ekSug WmldÍ úh'

lDIsl¾uh" ffjoH úoHdj" i;a;aj

úoHdj" mßir úoHdj jeks úIhhka wdY%s;j

ffcj ;dlaIKh Ndú;h yd jeäÈhqKq lsÍfï

m¾fhaIK ;jÿrg;a isÿflfrñka mj;S'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg f;dr;=re tla lf<a"

tia' tï' mS' tia' l=udßiyldr lDIsl¾u wOHCI ^m¾fhaIK&

t<j¿ m¾fhaIK wxYh"

WoHdk fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"

.kafkdrej

lDIs úYajfldaIh"

lDIsl¾udka;h bf.kSu yd

ld,Sk lDIs ixjdo i|yd

msúfikak ' ' '

www.goviya.lk fjí wvúhg

lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j ms<sn| f;dr;=re"

kj;u lDIs ksmehqï" lDIs ;dCIKh"

m%ldYk iy kj;u jevigyka ms<sn|

oek.ekSug msúfikak' ' '

www.doa.gov.lk lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ

ks, fjí wvúhg

23

24

fldïfmdaiaÜ lsÍu hkq ldnksl øjH

md,kh l< ;;a;aj hgf;a ñksidf.a ueÈy;a

ùfuka laIqø Ôùka uÕska w¾O Ô¾Khg

,lalr Ydl j¾Okh i|yd wjYH fmdaIl

fyj;a fldïfmdaiaÜ njg m;a lsÍuhs' fuys§

laIqø Ôù l%shdldÍ;ajhg ys;lr ;;a;aj ,nd

Èh hq;= w;r ksmojk jdhq msgj hd fkd§

/lf.k LksclrKh l< hq;=h' tneúka

iajNdúlj fldïfmdaiaÜ fkdiEfok w;r ta

i|yd ñksidf.a ueÈy;aùu w;HdjYHh'

f.dv l%uh" j, l%uh" ner,a l%uh"

fldagq rduq l%uh fiau fndldIs fldïfmdaiaÜ

hkq fldïfmdaiaÜ lsÍfï ;j;a l%uhlafõ'

kuq;a th wfkl=;a l%u j,g jvd fnfyúka

fjkia fõ' fï i|yd úfYaI WmlrK yd øjH

lsysmhla wjYH jk w;r fndldIs fldïfmdaiaÜ

i|yd ldnksl øjH fldïfmdaiaÜ njg

mßj¾:kh lsÍug wjYH jkafka Èk 10 la

muKla jk w;r fmdaIl jákdlu fldïfmdaiaÜ

lsÍfï ´kEu l%uhlg jvd by< w.hla .kS'

fndldIs hkq cmka jpkhla jk w;r

tys w¾:h —meiqKq ldnksl øjH˜ hkakhs'

cmdkfha Tlskdj ys ßhqlshqia úYaj úoHd,fha

uydpd¾hjrfhl= jk áhqfrda ys.d uy;d

úiska 1980 § fuu l%uh ixj¾Okh lr

y÷kajdfok ,§'

25

idod.kakd wdldrh

² cmdkfha fj<|fmdf<a§ fndldIs ndialÜ

ñ,§ .ekSfï yelshdjla mdßfNda.slhdg

we;'

² kuq;a wfma rfܧ wmg lrduhla iys;

fyd¢ka jeish yels ma,diaála nÿkla fï

i|yd Ndú;d l< yelsh' Bg wu;rj

uq¿;ekaf.hs wmøjH meiSug ,lalrk øjH

n÷kg ouk ;=re tl;= lsÍug ;j;a mshk

iys; ma,diaála n≈÷kla fhdod.; yelsh'

² l%shdldß laIqø Ôù ñY%Khla fï i|yd

Tng wjYH jk w;r fï ñY%kh fndldIs

ksjqâv ^Bokashi Bran& f,i y÷kajhs'

l%shdldÍ laIqø Ôù ñY%Kh ilia lsÍu

² fuu ñY%Khg c,h fh§fï§ laf,daÍka

iys; c,h Ndú;d fkdl< hq;=h' thg

c,h fh§fï§ fnda,hla f,i ñßlk úg

ñY%Kh f;;a úh hq;= kuq;a f;;a Èhrhla

thska bj;g fkdke.sh hq;=h' c,h fyda

iy,a ksjqvq tl;= lsÍfuka f;;ukh

ilikak' f;; ksjqvq ñY%Kh jd;h rys;

n÷klg oukak'

² w÷re li, u,a,la ;=<g fuu n÷k oud

wju i;s 02 la j;a th WKqiqï ia:dkhl

;nkak' ;jÿrg;a ;eîfuka ydkshla

isÿjkafka ke;' i;s 02 lg miq ksjqâv

u; iqÿ meye;s ;Ügqjla ie§ ;Sîfuka th

id¾:lj ksIamdokh ù we;s nj;a l¨ fyda

w÷re mdg ;Ügqjla kï jd;h we;=¿ ù

fyda f;;uk .eg¿jla nj ks.ukh l<

yelsh'

fndldIs ksIamdokh i|yd ksIamdÈ; fndldIs ndialÜ

fndldIs l%ufha§ úfYaIs; nd,aÈhl

l%shdldß laIqø Ôùka uÕska uq¿;ekaf.hs

bj;,k wdydr ^f,,s" fmd;=" udxY fldgia"

ud¿ fldgia" lsß" ì;a;r" ì;a;r lgq" weglgq

wdÈh& meiSug ,la lr b;d úYsIaG ldnksl

fmdfydrla njg m;a lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs'

fuh idïm%odhsl fldïfmdaiaÜ

ksIamdokh lsÍfï§ fuka fkdj Tlaiscka

wjYH fkdjk ks¾jdhQ l%shdj,shla jk

neúka yels;rï Tlaiscka j,ska øjH yqol,d

l< hq;=h' nd,aÈh újD; l< hq;af;a øjH tl;=

lsÍug ñi øjH mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd fkdfõ'

26

² fuu idod.;a fndldIs laIø Ôù ñY%Kh

fyd¢ka úh<Sfuka jir lsysmhla jqjo

.nvd lr ;nd .; yelsh'

fndldIs n÷k msrùu wdrïN lsÍu

² oeka n÷k msrùu wdrïN lrkak mq¿jka'

uq,skau wms idod .;a laIqø Ôù ñY%Kfhka

l=vd m%udKhla ^ye¢ lsysmhla& n÷fka

m;=,g oukak' bka miq wÕ,a 1 ½ muK

wdydr weiqreï ;Ügqjla tl;= lrkak'

kej; ta u;g laIø Ôù ñY%Kh ye¢

lsysmhla tl;= lrkak'

² jd;h bj;a lsÍu i|yd msÕdkla jeks

hulska ñY%Kh my,g ;o lSÍu isÿ

lrkak'

² tfiau mshk ks;ru jid ;eîug u;l

;nd .ekSu jeo.;a' jd;h we;=¿ jqjfyd;a

ks¾jdhq meiSug ndOd úh yelsh'

² nd,aÈh iïmQ¾Kfhkau msreKq miq i;s

1-2 la fyda Bg jeä ld,hla uqød ;nd

ndOdjlska f;drj meiSug bv yßkak'

lrduh u.ska w;sßla; Èhr Èk 2-3 lg

jrla bj;a lr .ekSu isÿ lrkak' fuh

fndldIs Èhr fmdfydr f,io fndldIs

f;a f,io yeÈkafõ' fuu hqIh wêl f,i

wdï,sl jk w;r jk w;r th j.djg

fhdokafka kï 1(100 olajd c,h fhdod

;kql l< hq;=h'

idod.;a laIqø Ôù ñY%Kh Ndú;d lsÍujd;h bj;a lsÍu i|yd ñY%Kh ;o lsÍu

27

² n÷k iïmQ¾Kfhkau msreKq miq th ;j

ÿrg;a meiSu i|yd i;s 2l ld,hla ;nkak'

i;s 2 g miq n÷fka øjH j.djg fmdfydrla

f,i iDcqj Ndú;d l< yels w;r th mia

iu. fyd¢ka ñY% lsÍu fyda j.dj wi,

j, oeóu isÿ l< hq;=h' Bg wu;rj n÷fka

we;s øjH wfkl=;a fldïfmdaiaÜ ksIamdok

ie§fïÈ tl;= lsÍfuka fldïfmdaiaÜ iE§u

fõ.j;a lSÍug yelsh'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg f;dr;=re tla lf<a"

tka' ví' ù' Wodß YIsl,d

iyldr lDIsl¾u wOHlaI ^lDIs ixj¾Ok&

Y%S ,xld lDIsl¾u úoHd,h"

wÕ=Kfld<me,eiai

fndldIs f;a n÷k ;=<ska ,nd .ekSu

27

28

lrú, (Momordica charantia) j.dfõ

m%Odk .egΩ¿jla jk úúO ffjria frda.

jHdma; lrk iqÿ ueiaid jeks frda. jdylhska

md,kh lsÍu i|yd fï jk úg f.dùka

úYd, jYfhka lDñkdYl Ndú;d lrhs'

tfia jqjo iuyr wjia:d j,§ ffjria frda.

ksismßÈ md,kh fkdjk nj jd¾;d fõ'

fujeks frda." j.dfõ uq,a wjia:dfõ§ u

je<÷kfyd;a fndfyda wiajkq ydks ùu yd

j.d úkdYh isÿfõ' tneúka lrú, j.dfõ

uq, isgu ffjria frda. yd frda. jdylhska

md,kh i|yd lDñkdYl Ndú;h wju lsÍug

yels;dla ÿrg ridhksl fkdjk l%u Ndú;h

hk isoaOdka;h mokï lrf.k lrú, je,a

;ks ±,a wdjrK ;=< j.d lsÍu y÷kajd§ we;'

lafIa;%fha isgqjd i;s 3 - 4 la jk

;=re fyda j.dj mkao,ug <Õdjk ;=re fuu

wdjrK ;=< j.dj mj;ajd .ksñka miqj th

bj;a lr je,a mkao,ug yqre l< yelsh'

ta i|yd jeo.;ajk kSfrda.S" fyd|

Èßhla iys; me< ,nd.ekSu jeks Wml%u o

iuÕ iqÿiq taldnoaaO m,sfndaO md,k l%u o

fhdod.ekSfuka b;d id¾:l j.djla isÿl<

yelsh'

j.dlrk wdldrhwjYH øjH

^tla j,l isgqjd we;s lrú, je,a 2 la i|yd&

² fofl<jr újD;" óg¾ 2 Wi" óg¾ 0'8

m<, ±,a wdjrKΩ 01

² óg¾ 2'2 la Wi iqugj ilid.;a úIalïNh

ñ,sóg¾ 15 - 20 muK fldagq 04 ne.ska

29

² óg¾ 2'5 la muK È. fldyq ,Kq 2 la yd

l+[a[ 2 la

² ±,a wdjrK .eg .eiSug frÈ má

lene,a,la

fuys§"

² iqugj ilid.;a fldagq 04 j, jfÜg

iup;=ri%dldrj me;a;l È. fikaáóg¾

40 jk fia isgqjd .ekSu ^rEm igyk 1&'

² ,Kq len,s 02 l .eg .eiQ" l+[a[ 02 l

îc fyda me< j,g ;rula wdikakfhka

^lrú, je, by,g we§ug wdOdr

jkfia& .eish hq;=hs' lafIa;%fha lrú, n÷ka

me< isgqjkafka kï" by; ish,a,u me<

isgqùug fmr isÿl< hq;=hs ^rEm igyk 1&'

² miqj îc me< u;=ùu;a iuÕu fyda me<

isgqùu;a iuÕu" fuh óg¾ 02 la Wi" óg¾

0'8 la m<, ±,a wdjrK uÕska wdjrKh lr"

jfÜg mia oud hglr rEm igyk 2 yd 3

mßÈ óg¾ 02 la Wiska frÈ má lene,a,la

wdOdrfhka fldagq y;r tlalr ;Èka .eg

.eish hq;=hs'

² oeka me< iïmQ¾Kfhka wdrlaIs;h' Èk

21 hk ;=re lsisfia;au ±,a wdjrK újD;

fkdl< hq;=hs'

² fuu ld, iSudfõ lsisu lDñkdYlhla

fh§u wjYH fkdjk w;r" lrú, j.djg

wjYH mkao,u ilid .ekSu isÿ l< yels

w;r th Èk 21 la .;ùug fmr iïmQ¾K

l< hq;=hs ^rEmigyk 5&'40 cm

2 m

40 cm

fldagq

lrú, me<

l+[a[

l+[a[

iys;

fldyq ,Kqj

rEm igyk 1

rEm igyk 2

rEm igyk 3

30

² m%udKj;a mßÈ c, iïmdokh lsÍu

w;HdjYHh'

² me< isgqjd Èk 21 - 30 la jk úg ±,a

wdjrK bj;a l< hq;= w;r Bg m%:u tu

lafIa;%h ;=< ;sfnk ish¿u j,a me<Eá

bj;a l< hq;=hs'

² ±, iuÕu jfÜg .id ;snQ fldagq 04 o

bj;a lrkak ^rEm igyk 7&'

² lrú, je, újD; lr m,uqj lrú, je,

by,g j¾Okh ùug wdOdr jQ fldyq ,Kqj

;Èka ueiaig .eg.eiSu isÿlr" fojkqj md

je,a yd Èh ßls,s lmd m%Odk je, ueiaig

hdug bv ie,eiaúh hq;=hs'

² fuu wjia:dfõ§ ffjria wdidê; je,la

fõ kï" th lafIa;%fhka bj;alr úkdY

l< hq;=hs'

² ;jo tla lrú, je,l" md je,a yd Èh

ßls,s lmd bj;a lsÍfuka miqj wfkla

je,g hdug fmr l;=r inka ñY% j;=frka

fiaÈh hq;=hs ^rEm igyk '''''''&'

² lrú, je,a ueiaig .eg .eiSfuka yd Èh

ßls,s iy fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg wä 2 - 3

la olajd m;% o bj;a lsÍfuka wk;=rej

ks¾foaYs; m<uq u;=msg fmdfydr ñY%Kh

fh§u l< hq;=hs'

² Èkm;d m<sfndaO .ykh mÍlaId l<hq;=

w;r m<sfndaO md,kh i|yd isÿlrk

taldnoaO m<sfndaO md,k ls%hdud¾.

wkq.ukh l< hq;=hs'

oe,a wdjrK fh¥ lrú, j.djla

rEm igyk 5 wdjrK bj;a lsÍug fmr ueiai ilid.; hq;=hs

rEm igyk 6 ±,a wdjrKbj;a l< hq;= wjia:dj^i;s 3-4 .;jk úg&

rEm igyk 4

31

oe,a wdjrK bj;a lr Èh ßls,s iy my< m;%

lmd bj;a lr lrú, je, ueiaig fhduq lsÍu

^fuys§ Ydl hqI je,lska je,lg iïfm%aIKh

ùu je<elaúh hq;=hs&

² fuf,i ksjerÈj ;ks ±,a wdjrKΩ ;=<

j.d lsÍu (Individual net bag system)

u.ska ksfrda.Sj fyd¢ka j¾Okh jQ lrú,

je,a ueiaig heùu isÿ l< yelsh'

² fuuÕska lrú, j.dfõ u,a msmSu wdrïN

jk f;la ^isgqjd i;s 3 - 4 la olajd&

lsisu lDñkdYlhla fkdfhdod j.dj

mj;ajd.; yels w;r" taldnoaO m<sfndaO

md,k uQ,O¾u wkq.ukfhka ffjria

frda. wju lrú, j.djla iy .=Kd;aul

wiajekakla o ,nd.; yelsh'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg f;dr;=re tla lf<a"

k§rd iurisxy

jevigyka iyldr ^lDIsl¾u&

ÔjkS udrisxy

m%Odk úoHd{

tia' tia' je,s.uf.a

m%Odk úoHd{

lSg úoHd wxYh" WoHdk fnda. m¾fhaIK yd

ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" .kafkdarej

rEm igyk 7

rEm igyk 9

rEm igyk 8

32

w¾;dm,a wdlkaO i<nhd

Phthorimaea operculellahk úoHd;aul

kdufhka y÷kajk f,msfvdmafgrd

f.da;%hg wh;a i<nfhls' >¾u

l<dmSh rgj, m<sfndaOlfhla f,i

jHdma; ù we;'

Solanaceae fyj;a Night shade

l=,hg wh;a ;lald,s" jïngq" w¾;dm,a"

.ia ;lald,s" j,a ÿxfld, yd T!Iëh

me<Eáhla f,i i,lk l¨ leïfíßh

Ydl" fuu i<nhd i|yd Odrl Ydl

f,i i<lhs' ;jo w¾;dm,a wiajkq

fk,Sfuka miq lafIa;%fha b;sßjk

wdlkaO j,ska yg .kakd Ydl" w¾;dm,a

j.djla f,i fkdue;s jqjo Odrlhla

f,i l%shd lr Ôjk pl%h iïmQ¾K lrhs'

.%dyS w¾;dm,a m%fNao j,g jeä ydkshla

isÿ lrhs' úfYaIfhka îc w¾;dm,a

f,i ;nd .kakd w¾;dm,aj,g jeämqr

ydkslr ;snqKfyd;a m%frdaykh fkdù

wdlkaO mi ;=<§u l=Kqù hhs' ke;skï

ÿ¾j, l|ka iys; me< olakg ,efí'

ydksfha iajNdjh

m;% (

w¾;dm,a m;% há me;af;a

ì;a;r oeuq úg yg .kakd lSghka

^larvae& úiska m;% há wmsp¾uh wdydrhg

wdlkaO (

iqyqUq,ka úiska w¾;dm,a wdlkaO j, weia

^w¾;dm,a fudá yg .kak ia:dk& wi, ì;a;r oeuQ úg

yg.kakd lSghka ^larvae& u;= msg isg wNHka;rhg

we;s ixÑ; øjH wdydrhg .ksñka wl%uj;a Wux idohs'

w¾;dm,a j.dfõÈ fukau .nvd lr we;s úgo fuu

;;a;ajh we;sfõ' fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh l<fyd;a lSghka

iys; wdlkaOj, weia wi, l¿$ ÿUqre meye u,

wmøjH olakg ,efí' ^rEmigyk 4& widê; îc

w¾;dm,a úh<ss$ uDÿ l=Kqùï j, g ,lafõ'

32

rEm igyk 1 rEm igyk 2

f.k m;%sld odrh wdikakfha WuÕla f,i wdrïNù

ͧ meye úksúo fmfkk me,a,ula ^rEmigyk 1&

wdldrhg ydksh olakg ,efí' m;% kdrá yd llaIfhys

o Wux ;ekSï ^rEmigyk 2& olakg ,efí' m;%j,g

muKla ydkslr we;súg wiajekakg yd wdlkaO j,

.=Kd;auhg t;rï n,mEula we;s fkdfõ'

33

Ôjk pl%h Ôjk pl%fha wjia:d y;rls' ^rEmigyk 5&

tkï" iqyqUq,d" ì;a;r" lSghd yd ms,jd wjia:d fõ' mßir

WIaK;ajh wkqj Ôjk pl%h Èk 17 - 150 la olajd

ld,hla .kS' j¾Ihlg Ôjk pl% wjia:d lsysmhla

iïmQ¾K lrhs' ,xldfõ idudkHfhka udihl muK

ld,hla ;=< Ôjk pl%h iïmQ¾K lrhs' fyd| WKqiqï

ld,.=Khla we;s úg flá ld,hlska Ôjk pl%h

iïmq¾K lrhs'

i<nfhla neúka rd;%s ld,hg ì;a;r

±óu isÿ lrhs' wdf,dalhg ixfõ§ fõ'

ì;a;r

´j,dldr uDÿ iqog yqre ly

meye;s ì;a;r ;ks ;ksj fyda fmdl=re

wdldrhg w¾;dm,a m;%sld j, há

wmsp¾ufha ;ekam;a lrhs' w¾;dm,a

wdlkaO j, ì;a;r ;ekam;a lrk úg

weia ^fudá u;=jk ia:dk& wi, ì;a;r

oeóug jvd;a m%sh lrhs' Ôú; ld,h ;=<

ì;a;r 60 - 200 w;r m%udKhla oeñh

yel'

lSghd

;o ÿUqre ysila iys; ÿUqre$l%Sï

mdg ,d fld< mdg o<Uqfjls' m;%j,g

yd wdlkaO j,g ydks lrhs' wÕ,a 0'5 la

muK È.eá jk w;r" i;s 02 la muK

wdydr ,nd.kS' m;% j,g ydks l< úg

úksúo fmfkk Wux we;s lrhs' wdlkaO

j,g ydks lrk úg wl%uj;a Wux

we;sfõ'

ms,jd

ly ÿUqre meye;s fõ' úh<s

m;%" fld< frdvq" ldnksl øjH iys;

mia" fyda .nvd.; îc w¾;dm,a u;

Ôjk pl%h iïmq¾K lrhs' wÕ,a

0'5 la muK È.eáh'

iqyqUq,d

ì;a;r

lSghd

ms,jd

Èk 7

Èk 3-6Èk 5-16

33

iqyqUq,d

ߧ$w¿ meye isyska mgq isrerla iys;hs' w¿

ÿUqre mshdm;aj, b;d l=vd l¿ meye me,a,ï olakg

,efí' YÍrh wÕ,a 0'4 la muK È.eáh' ksYdpr

rEm igyk 3 rEm igyk 4

rEm igyk 5

34

md,kh ² ksfrda.s îc muKla Ndú;d lsÍu'

² w¾;dm,a mfia wÕ,a 02la muK .eUqßka

isgqùu'

² iqyqUq,kag w¾;dm,a wdlkaO j,g ,Õd

ùug fkdyels mßÈ j.djg fyd¢ka u;= msg

mia fh§u ^mfia f;;ukh we;súg&'

² l,a hdfï§ u;= msgg ksrdjrhKh ù we;s

w¾;dm,a wdlkaO f;; miaj,ska fyd¢ka

jid oeóu'

² ydksh we;súg ks¾foaYs; lDñ kdYl fh§u

² w¾;dm,a md;a;s j, .eUqre me¨ï we;sùu

je<elaùu i|yd c, iïmdokh'

² rd;%s ld,fha§ iqyqUq,ka il%Sh jk neúka

wiajkq fk¿ miq rd;%shg lafIa;%fha

w¾;dm,a fkd;eîu'

² w¾;dm,a .nvd lsÍug fmr" .nvd

fyd¢ka msßisÿ lr ÔjdkqyrKh lsÍu

w¾;dm,a .nvdj, ì;a;s" jy,h" isú,su

ÔjdkqyrKh lsßu'

² weia wi, u, wmøjH iys;" wdidÈ;

w¾;dm,a lafIa;%fha§u tl;=lr úkdY

lsÍu' ^rEmigyk 6&

² lDñ úl¾Ilhla f,i w¾;dm,a lafIa;%h

jgd me.sß udkd j.d lsÍu'

² j.djla f,i fkdue;s yqol<d w¾;dm,a

Ydl úkdY lsÍu'

² iqyqUq,a i<nhka lafIa;%fha ksÍlaIKh l<

úg lafIa;%h wjg Odrl Ydl úkdY lsÍu

fyda j,a me<Eá j,g o wdlkaO i<nhd

md,kh lsÍug ks¾foaYs; lDñkdYl

fh§u'

² w¾;dm,a weisÍu i|yd mer‚ f.daks yd

weiqreï Ndú;d lrkafka kï tajd fyd¢ka

ÔjdkqyrKh lsßu'

² j.dj wjidkfha wdidê; wdlkaO yd l|

fldgia úkdY lr oeóu'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg f;dr;=re tla lf<a"

ã' tï' tia' tia' Èidkdhl

iyldr lDIsl¾u wOHCI ^ixj¾Ok&

ksfhdacH lDIsl¾u wOHlaI ^îc& ld¾hd,h"

i|;ekak mdr" kqjrt<sh

34

rEm igyk 6

35

mdrïmßl ±kqfuka iy lgjyfrka meñKs

mdrïmßl f.dú;eka l%u ms<sn|j f.dúlï

iÕrdjg tla lrkafka"

ffjoHdpd¾h ã' tï' ySkanKavd

wxl 46" l+r.ïuk"

lkaoWvmx.=j" fudKrd.,

tod .ul fyda m%foaYhl kdhl;ajh orK flfkla

ysáhd' thdg lsõfõ úodfk lsh,d' úodfkaf.a

isß;la ;uhs tu m%foaYfha ldg fyda ÿIalr;djhla

we;sjQ úg Tjqkag msysg ùu' úodfkf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka

.eñfhd lrk fohla ;uhs l,ah,a n,d f.dú;eka

lsÍu' m<uqfjka ish¿ fokd tla /ia lr, l=Uqrl kï

we,fõ,s iqoaO mú;% fldg j,a .sks ;shkjd' kshx ld,h

wjidkh;a iuÕ bfrka j¾Idj wdjdu iSiEu" kshr

ne£u lrkjd' m<uq ySh yd,d Èk 9 -12 j;=r ne| ;nkjd'

ish¿u j,a l=Kq ù úkdY ù hkjd' B<Õg jQfha fojk

ySh yEuhs' bka miq Èk 7 la muK j;=r ne| ;shkjd'

ish¿u j,a l=Kq ù úkdY ù hkjd' ish¿ fokd iduqyslj

tl;= ù jemsÍfï lghq;= b;d fyd|ska lrkjd' ke;sneß

wysxil flfkl=g kï thdf.ka fkdld fkdî mjd

thdg l=Uqr jmqrd fokjd' tu wjqreoafoa thdg Ôj;a

fjkak wjYH wdydr i,id fokjd'

B<Õg jQfha biakï uqr ne£u" ta lshkafka Èk

3 ka j;=r ne| uv fidaod heùuhs' kej; Èk 5 f;la

j;=r n¢kjd' lDñ ydks j<lajd,Sug l=Uqf¾ m%Odk

wef,a fyda biau;af;a ó .ila ysgjkjd' tu ldrKdj

lrkafka uq,a fia§fuka yd m;% fia§fuka l=Uqrg .,d

tk c,fhka lDñ ydks j,lajd .ekSuhs' ;jo fyd|g

br mdhk fõ,djl ,shoafoa j;=r mqrj,d ;shkjd' ,d

f.dhï me<j,g ydks lrk lDñ i;=ka j;=r r;aùfuka

úkdY fjkjd' lDñ ydks je<elaùug

jlalfâ l+[a[hla ysgj,d mqia je,a"

l,je,a ;,d tajd l+[af[a n¢kjd'

jlalfvka tk j;=frka tajd fia§

,shoafoa tu j;=r /fokjd' jlalv

lvd j;=r bj;a lrkak fyd| kE'

ta ld,fha o¿la lsß ,shoafoa j;=rg

oukjd' wÕ,a 2 la muK ,shoafoa

j;=r ne| o¿la lsß fhÈh hq;=h'

ueiaikaf.ka jk ydksh md,khg

lmamqj,a,sh yd uvq u,a ,shoafoa ;ekska

;ek ;nkjd' tajdfha ;o .kaOhg

ueiaika bj;a fjkjd'

f.dhï u,a msfmk ld,hg ó

ueiaika frdka .ekSfuka ù wegh

iïmQ¾Kfhka msÍ hkjd' oekg;a

.=KO¾u okakd jeäysá wh Wfoa

ld,fha ueiaikag lDñkdYl

fkd.ykafka" ó ueiaika Wfoa ld,fha

frdka .kak ksidh' tod ñksid

.yfld," we, fod, mßirh /lald'

wo tajdg wdorh fkdlrk iudchla

ìysjQ ksid mßirh yd fidndoyu

wmg yria ù ;sfhkjd'

35

36

iqÔj fmardfoKsh lDIs úoHdmSGfha WmdêOdßfhls' wjqreÿ 4 la lÜg

ld, Wmdêh iïmQ¾K lr, .ug .sfh'''

iqÔjf.a ;d;a;f. .u weô,smsáfha' weô,smsáfha lsõjg

weô,smsáfha b|ka ;j mehla ú;r we;=<g hkak;a ´fka' iqÔjf.a lsß

w;a;d fyd| f.dúhd' Wka±g ;shkjd fyaka tfyu;a' tajdfha ke;s

fohla kE'

Wmdêfhka miafia iqÔj lsß w;a;f. .ug hkafka ldf,lska' tfy .shdu

lsß w;a;f. ie<ls,s;a fyd|hsfk' b;ska ál ojila kj;skak ys;df.k

weô,smsáfha .sh iqÔj lsß w;a;;a tlal fyakg .shd'

lsß w;a;f.a fyak ±lmq iqÔjg thd bf.k.;a;= f.dvla ;dCIKsl

foaj,a u;la fjkak .;a;d' fyafka ke;s fohla kE' flfi,a m÷rla

.;a;du me< 50 la ú;r ;shkjd' flfi,a leka f.dvhs' leka ;shk

flfi,a .y <Õg hkak me< fma<s fol ;=kla myq lrkak ´ks' b;ska

iqÔj ys;=jd lsß w;a;f. fyak ire lrkak iqÔj bf.k.;a;= tajd

álla lsh, fokak'

tfyu ys;, m÷re md,kh lf<d;a .kak mq¿jka m%;s,dN .ek lsß

w;a;g lsh, ÿkakd' fmdfydr jfÜ od, m÷r md,kh lf<d;a fï jf.a

fo.=Khla úYd, lekla .kakd yeá lsh, ÿkafka'

ta ál wyf.k ysgmq lsß w;a;f.a W;a;f¾ ;uhs W;a;f¾'

zzfld,af,d" fï fyak jfÜgu ;shkafk w,s .yk lef,a'

W!frda" b;a;Efjda msß,d' i;shg fo;=ka ierhla W!frda fïlg .y,

;uhs hkafk' jfÜ ;shk me<hla folla levqj lsh, ug lsis mdvqjla

kE' leka ;shk .ia ;shkafka ueofkZZ

zzwksl fld,af,d fï jhil uu tmehs Th leka lf¾ ;shdf.k mdrg

wrka hkak' f,dl= leka ;snqfKd;a lf¾ wrka hkak;a i,a,s fokak fjhs'

36 37

b;ska f,dl= leka tllg jvd fï fllá fol l=kla

.kak tl ug ,dnhsZZ

ta jpk ál wykfldg ;uhs iqÔjg u;la jqfka lDIs

jHdma;sh ms<sn|j uQ,sl isoaOdka; lreKq wu;l

lr, ;uka Wmfoia fokak biair jQ nj' fudlo lsß

w;a;f.a wruqK wiajekak jeälr .ekSu fkfjhsfk'

Wmfoia fokak l,ska wruqK" wjYH;dj" leue;a;

jf.a foaj,a f;areï .ekSu jeo.;a fjkjd' fïjd

flfklaf.ka flfklag .fuka .ug fjkia jk foaj,a'

ta ksid fmdÿfõ fok WmfoaYh yefudagu yßhkafka

keye' ta jf.au wd.ñl" ixialD;sl miqìu"

m%foaYfha há;, myiqlï jf.a foaj,a ms<sn|j;a

wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu jeo.;a fjkjd' Tjqka i;=

yelshdjg" oCI;djhg" ±kg Ndú;d lrk

l%ufõohkag" iudc jákdlï j,g ;ekla §u jHdma;s

lghq;= j,§ b;d jeo.;a'

;j;a fohla" wfma j.d lrejka i;= mdrïmßl ±kqu

yd l=i,;d .ek;a ys;kak ´k lsh,d iqÔjg u;la

Wfka fï W;a;fr;a tlaluhs'

f.dúlï iÕrdjg tla lf<a"

tÉ' fÊ' fla' lS¾;sr;ak

iyldr lDIsl¾u wOHCI ^lDIs m%ldYk&

lDIsl¾u m%ldYk tallh".kafkdarej

38

jej <. .xfudah winv isák

l=Uqre woaor jk w; isák

rc oykla fõ jjq,ka isák

irelrjhs j;=msá fï ú ,isk

w.kd lols ,S nvq iok

u,a fld< f.ä yeu ;ek

Èj T!IOhla fõ ú, isk

/lsh hq;= fõ Èú mro juk

mig khsá%cka ,en foñk

È,Srl uq, we; ú,isk

rks,hla ke;;a yeu f,isk

mi ire lrjhs yeu f,isk

wyrg uqiq lrk fmd,af;,a j,g

úl,amhls ó f;, yeu úg

fldf,iagfrda,a wvqfõ yeu úg

mjka i,hs yoj;;a yeu úg

mdpk f,vg Èj Tiqjla f,isk

lmd ;ïnd mdkh lrkq f,isk

fmd;af;a idrh fh¥ ú,isk

oreKq jKhla iqj fõ ú.isk

wlaud f,vg wdid;añl f,vg

iqj ,en foa fï u, yeu úg

weÕ ;=< jKhla jk ms<sld j,g

wegfha idrh Tiqjls yeu úg

W.=f¾ wdndO ,dÿre frda.h g

Wr. úI wd§ úI j, g

ksjdrKh lrñka yeu f,i g

Èúu.g Tiq iohs yeu f,i g

fu;rï T!IO .=Kd ;S

fl;a j;= ire lr we;S

me;sreKq fijk we;S

ó .i wmg;a /lsh yelS

f.dúlï iÕrdj rij;a lf<a"

ã' tï' ví' ta' fla' Èidkdhl;dCIK iyhl ^lDIs jHdma;s&

ksfhdacH lDIsl¾u wOHCI ^îc& ld¾hd,h" me,afjfyr

38 39

wei, udih .ek lshfjk úg fmryer udih hhs u;laù fndfyda Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a

is;a myka yeÕSulska msìoS .sh;a" cQ,s jYfhka

ye¢kafj;a§ u;lhg tkafka t;rï m%shckl

oE fkdfõ' l¿cQ,sh jeks wñysß w;aoelSï

w;rg cQ,s y; jeks fhÿïo tl;=jQ l<

uefjk Ñ;%h úÑ;% ke;' cQ,s y;hs lshd

flfkl=g lshjqkfyd;a t;ko we;af;a wiqN

ksñ;a;lauh' óg jir 22 lg fmr" tkï

1998 cQ,s y;afjks wÕyrejdod iji 5'15 g

muK nx.a,dfoaYfha uyd ud¾.hl isÿjQ

ßh wk;=rla ksudjQfha n;alk ,dxlslhskag

muKla fkdj il, f,da jeishkagu n,mdk

;j;a l¿cQ,shl fijke,s b;sß lrñks' tod

úfhdajQfha f,dj iqm;, Y%S ,dxlsl ù wNsckk

úoHd{fhls' Tyq wdpd¾h O¾ujxY

fiakdërhs' wo Bfha jQ isÿùï fuka ;u

is;a;=, ;ekam;aù we;s Tyqf.a weiqr yd

ne÷kq iqkaor u;lhka wjÈ lrk ióm;hska"

jir 22 lg miqj;a" fofk;g Wkk l÷¿

mg,hka weismsh .iñka úh<d yeÍug fjr

orkafka Tyqf.a weiqr ta ;rugu f,ka.;=

ksid úh yelsh'

fiakd fkdfyd;a ã' tia' hk flá

kñka foia úfoia foflysu weiqre lrkakka

w;r miqlf,l ye¢kajqk Tyq lvqfj, rkd,§

WmÈkafka 1944 ckjdß 18 fjksod orejka

mia fofkl=f.ka hq;a mjq,l nvmsiaid

f,ihs' yxje,a, ueÈ úÿyf,ka mdie,a

wOHdmkh ,nd tjlg ,xld úYaj úoHd,fhka

lDIsl¾u Wmdêh Tyq wjika lrkafka 1967

40

§h' m¾fhaIK ks,Odßfhl= f,i lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=jg ne£ n;,f.dv ù

m¾fhaIK wdh;kfha fiajhg tlaùfuka

miq 1974 § weußldfõ le,sf*dakshd úYaj

úoHd,fhka m%fõks úoHdj ms,sn| úoHdm;s

Wmdêh;a" 1976 § tu úYaj úoHd,fhkau wod<

úIh i|yd wdpd¾h Wmdêh;a Tyq ,ndf.k we;'

fcHIaG ù wNsckk úoHd{ wdpd¾h fylag¾

ùrr;akf.ka miq n;,f.dv ù wNsckk

jev igyfka kdhl;ajh .;a Tyqf.a úialï

oE;ska ìysjQ ù j¾." foaYShj we;slf<a jpkfha

mßiudma;sfhkau iy,a úma,jhls' n;,f.dv

ixfla;j;a lrk î'Ô' wxlh hgf;a Tyqf.a

kdhl;ajfhka ks¾foaY lrk ,o î'Ô' 34-8

iy î'Ô' 90-2 Y%S ,xldfõ muKla fkdj

wdishdfõ iy wm%sldfõ§ o ms<s.ekSug ,laùu

fuu iy,a úma,jh lÈug ikd: lrhs' fï

w;ßka fmruqK .kafka î'Ô' 90-2 udÈ,shhs'

Ökh" bkaÈhdj" ñhkaudrh" fkamd,h jeks

wdishdkq rgj,a y;rlao" khsÔßhdj"

gekaidkshdj" flkahdj we;=¿ wm%sldkq rgj,a

wglao jYfhka rgj,a 12 la ;u foaYSh kï

fhdodf.k fuu m%fNaoh cd;sl uÜgfuka

ks¾foaYlr ;sfí' f,dj mqrd mj;sk úIudldr

mdxY= moaO;Skag;a" mq¿,a mdßfNdacl

reÑl;ajhg;a .e,fmk —tl f.dhula" tla

n;la˜ ksufjkafka kï th ksmehQ úialï

oEf;ys .=Kd.=K ,sùug fujeks ,smshla

m%udKj;a fkdjkakgo mq¿jk'

ta ;=<ska Tyq ikd: lr isáfha Y%S

,dxlsl ù m%fNaohkays we;s w;s uy;a cdk

mrdihhs' m%fõKs úoHdfjka wdpd¾h Wmdêh

,nd we;s fuu úoaj;dKka isÿ lf<a tu

udÈ,s uqyqï lrñka ;ek ;ek úisÍ ;snqKq

n,j;a cdk tl udÈ,shla fj;g flakaø

.;lsÍfï fufyjrh' th isÿl< yelafla ukd

ixhuhla" bjiSula" úIhdkqnoaO oekSula

iy ÿrolakd kqjKla we;af;l=g mu‚'

ta ish,af,ka imsß fiakdërhdkka ;=<

fkdfmfkk n,hla f,i u,lska u,lg

mrd. f.khk weÕs,s ;=vqj,ska jykh jQ

w;a.=Kho hyñka ;sfnkakg we;' fï ish,a,

wNsnjñka f,djgu fmfkkakg ukqiailuo

Tyq ;=<ska msgdr .eÆ nj ieuf.a ms<s.ekSuhs'

Ydl wNsckkfha fhfokafkl=g ;u ch.%yK

laI‚lj N=la;s ú¢kakg wjia:dj ,efnkafka

ke;' wNsckkfhka WmÈk orejka ;j;a

mrïmrd lSmhla Tiafia bÈßhg f.khñka

iqÿiq orejka l%udkql+,j f;aÍu;a" ys;lr

,laIK ia:dhS jk;=re ksy~j bjid isàu;a

w;HjYHfõ' we;eïúg fï i|yd jir y;

wg" fyda Bg;a jeäfhka .;úh yelsh' Tyqf.a

yÈis úfhdafjka lïmd jQ fuu úoaj;dKkaf.a

ld¾hd,hg wkqnoaO ms,smSk cd;sl f,alïjßh

mjid ;snqfka" ihqr u;=msg fuka ksi," tfy;a

id.rhg;a jvd .eUqre fuu l=vd ñksid ;rï

ksy~ ch.%dylhl= ;u Ôú;ld,h ;=< oel

fkdue;s njhs'

Tyqf.a m%Odk;ajfhka tod ìysjQ ù

m%fNao wjreÿ 20 la jeks flá ld,hla ;=, Y%S

,dxlsl ù ksIamdokh y;r .=Khlska Tijd

;eîug iu;ajQfha foaYmd,k fõÈldfõ

tod y~;eÆ iy,ska rg iajhxfmdaIKh

lsÍfï wkaorh h:d¾;hla njg m;alrñks'

41

1966 jif¾§ fuá%la fgdka ñ,shk 0'8 la jQ

foaYSh ù ksIamdokh 1985 jkúg 3'2 jQfha

fï wdldrhgh' tod Tyq l, lS oE yuqfõ

ìysjQ udÈ,s mßirh ch.;a;o" oYl lSmhla

wejEfuka fjkia jQ mßirhg tu m%fNao

mrÈkjd úh yelsh' tfiakï kQ;k úoaj;a

ld¾hNdrh úh hq;af;a fo.=K f;.=K

jYfhka f;,a fnfy;a ks¾foaY lrñka"

ridhksl fmdfydr j.=rejñka tod ìysl<

m%fNao yryd úi÷ï fiùu fkdj" yels

mu‚ka wog .e,fmk kj m%fNao ìyslsÍuhs'

tfia ìysfjk orejka f;,a fnfy;a iy

fmdfydr b,a,d fu;rï ioafog fkdy~kq

we;sjd muKla fkdj" wvq úhoulska ji úi

ke;s iy,lao cd;shg odhdo lrkq we;' fnda

fkdfjk frda. by<hdfï wjodkula .ek

úúO ud;Dld Tiafia iudc l;sldj;la Èh;a

fjñka mj;S' mmqjg wefok yqiau;a" fndk

j;=r ùÿrej;a" .=,slr .s,skd n;amsv;a úijQ

lf,l frda.j<lajd .ekSfï Wmfoia m;%sld

fnodyeÍfuka m,la fkdfõ'

úIu mßir ;;a;ajhka i|yd

Tfrd;a;=fok ù j¾. ksmoùfï wjYH;djh

flfrys Y%S ,xldjg l,ska cd;Hka;rh jeä

wjOdkhla fhduqlr ;sìK' tjlg n;,f.dv

ù m¾fhaIKdh;kfha wêm;s OQrh fydnjñka

mßmd,k lghq;= j,g;a iEfyk ld,hla

ñvx.= lrñka isá wdpd¾h fiakdër fj;

cd;Hka;r úoaj;a m%cdj yd tlafjk f,i

wdrdOkd flrefka 1985 jif¾§h' 1982

§ úoHd;aul ld¾hidOkh fjkqfjka jQ

ckdêm;s iïudkh;a" 1983 § f,dal wdydr yd

lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh úiska msßkeuQ molalul=;a

,nd isá Tyq tu wdrdOkh ms<sf.k lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=fjka bj;aù ms,smSkfha

f,dia ndksfhdaiays msysá cd;Hka;r ù

m¾fhaIKdh;kfha wNsckk úoHd{fhl=

f,i m;aùu Ndr.ekSug fhÿks' t;k§ Tyqf.a

wdrïNh iksgqyka jkafkao .eg¿ iys;

mßir moaO;Ska fjkqfjka jQ ù m%fNao

ìyslsÍug uq,msÍula f,ihs' ,jK wêl"

wï, fmdiaf*ag iys; iy ye,a mdxY= moaO;Ska

fjkqfjka Tfrd;a;=fok ù udÈ,s fidhñka

.ï okjq mSrd.sh Tyq" wê ;dlaI‚l oekquo

Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka wod< cdk y÷kd.;a;d

muKla fkdj tajd jeä wiajekakla fok

m%fNaohka fj; udrelr hjd w¨;a ù j¾. mjd

ksmoùh' ms,smSk rch uÕska zye.fkdhsZ iy

zîfld,aZ jYfhka ks¾foaY lrkq ,enqfõ

w¾nqo mig Tfrd;a;=fok fujeks ù j¾.

folls'

Tyq t;kska k;r fkdjqks' w¾nqo

mßirhkag wNsfhda. lsÍu úfkdaodxYhla jQ

f,iska mshlre iskyjlska uqj iridf.k

b;d ieye,a¨fjka isák wdpd¾h fiakdër

YS;dêl fmfoia j,g .e,fmk ù udÈ,so

ìyslr ;sfí' Tyqf.a W;aidyfha m%;sm,hla

f,i zf.dydka.aZ iy ziqufv,aZ jYfhka

tu rch ks¾foaY lrkq ,enqfõ YS;dêl

foaY.=Khg .e,fmk ù udÈ,s folls'

tal mqoa., wdodhï uÜgu my, hkúg

lEumf;ys we;s msIaG ix>glh l%ul%ufhka

jeäù" udxY" t<j¨ jeks fldgia wvqù hknj

42

f,dj mqrd fmdaIKfõ§yq ms<s.ks;s' fuh

Y%S ,xldj jeks ;=kafjks f,dalfha rgj,g

nyq,j wod< fõ' ;u ffoksl le,ß

wjYH;djh iy,ska muKla imqrd.ekSug fjr

ork ck fldgia ksrka;rfhkau hlv" iskala

jeks wxY=ud;% uQ,øjH W!K;djfhka fmf,hs'

we;eï idïm%odhsl ù j¾.hka ;=< idudkH

iyf,a wka;¾.; m%udKhg jvd fo.=Khlska

muK jeä hlv iy iskala m%udKhka ;sfnkd

nj wdpd¾h fiakdër wkdjrKh lrf.k

;sfí' Tyqf.a tu fidhd.ekSï j,g ms,smSkfha§

,enqfKa by< m%;spdrhls' hlv iy iskala

jeämqr wka;¾.; jeä wiajkq ù udÈ,s

ìyslsÍfuys,d Tyq werUQ wka;¾

iyfhda.s;d jevigyka ry jegqKq ol=Kq

fldßhdj" bkaÈhdj" Bðma;=j" nx.a,dfoaYh

iy ;dhs,ka;h fojrla fkdis;d Tyq yd

l|jqre ne|.;af;a tu oekqñka ;u rg jeishkq;a

fmdaIKh lsÍughs'

fuu ,shqïlre lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fiajhg ne÷fka fiakdër

úh;dKka rg yerod hdug wdikakj ;snQ

wjêhlh' ù m¾fhaIK j,g wkqnoaO fkdjQ

ksid Tyqf.a kslauhdug fmr uqk.eiqfkao

ke;' mYapdoa Wmdê mdGud,djla Wfoid

jir fol yudrl ld,hlg cd;Hka;r ù

m¾fhaIKdh;kfha hdno jefÜ msysá f,dia

ndksfhdaia úYaj úoHd,hg we;=,aù ál

Èklska ñ;=rl= úiska fiakdër ue;s÷ka

úiQ ksjyk fj; ud le|jdf.k hk ,§'

cd;Hka;r ù m¾fhaIKdh;kh úiska

Tyqfj; imhd§ ;snQ iqúi,a ueÿrls th'

uq,a jrg Tyq ÿgqfõ;a tÈkh' werô ixjdoh

úkdä lSmhla ;=< mßj¾;kh jqfha jir

.Kkdjlska uqK.eiqKq l,K ñ;=rka

fofofkl=f.a wd.sh f;dr;=re úuiSulgh'

lshkfoa yßhgu fláfhka lshd" mqoa.,

wjOdkh laIKhlska ;udfj; k;=lr.ekSfï

yelshdj Tyq ;=<ska uekúka úoHudk úh' Tyq

wújdylh' tod ksjfia isáfha jev lghq;=

i|yd ffokslj hfkk *af,dard kïjQ

jeäuy¨ ldka;djhs' Bg wu;rj mDIaÀu;aj

jevqKq n<¨ka y;a wg fofkla ñÿf,a

Tnfudn úfõl iqjfha isákjd ÿáñ' wid

we;s úl%uhkag wkqj oejeka; úoHd{

rEmhla isf;a ujdf.k tys.sh ud bÈßfha

fodvu¨jQ mqxÑ ir, ñksia is;=ju wog;a ud

yg mqÿuhlaufõ'

tu úYaj úoHd,fha tl, mYapdoa Wmdê

i|yd f.dia isá Y%S ,dxlslhska lSm fokdf.ka

fndfyda wh ;u ore mjq,ao tys f.kajdf.k

;sìK' b|ysg fï ,dxlslhska tl ksjilg

/iafjkafka orefjl=f.a WmkaÈk ieureula

jeks wjia:djl§h' tÈkg fiakdër úh;dkkag

o f.!rjfhka werhqï flfrk w;r Tyqo

wksjd¾fhkau tys meñfKa' tl wjia:djl

? fndaù ;snqko Tyq meñK we;af;a

ld¾hd,fha isghs' rdcldß fj,djg m<¢k

ye÷kqï m;o lñi idlal=fõ t,af,ñka

;sìK' idoh w;r ;=r§ ta foi u| fj,djla

n,d isá Tyq wysxilj fyd/yska jgmsg n,d

zfïl ;du;a t,a,f.kZ hhs ;udgu uquqkd

.ksñka th .,jdf.k l,siï idlal=fõ Tnd

.kakjdo ÿáñ' w÷r jefgk;=re Tyq

43

ld¾hd,fhka kslau fkdtk nj;a" l,d;=rlska

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fõ'

wdpd¾h fiakdër we;=¿ úoaj;a

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,enQ w;r" fiakdër ue;s÷kaf.a wjika yqiau

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hdno wiqfka .uka.;a tysisá wfkla tlu

,dxlslhd jQ wdpd¾h Okmd, uy;d i|yka

lrhs' r:fha ßhÿreg ffojh úiska ;j

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—ù m¾fhaIK lafIa;%h ;=< Tyqf.a

kslauhdfuka we;sjQ ysvei b;d È.= ld,hla

mj;skq we;' fiakd fjkqfjka wkqm%dma;slhska

fkdue;' iqúfYaIS ñksfila" ÿmam;df.a

fmdaIKh fjkqfjka lemjqk id¾:l

úoHd{fhla wmg wysñù ;sfí'˜ È.= fiajd

ld,hlska miq ta jkúg kslauf.dia isá

wdh;kfha wOHlaI ckrd,a wdpd¾h la,jqia

,ïfma c¾uksfha isg tu m‚úvh tajd

;snqfka mjqf,a idudðlhska fj;h'

—Y%S ,dxlsl yß; úma,jfha mshd f,i

Tyq ye¢kaùug wms ue,s fkdfjuq' lDIs

;dlaIK ÈhqKqj fjkqfjka msfok *ql=hs

cd;Hka;r fldYsysldÍ iy,a ;Hd.h Tyq fj;

msßkukafka tu úYsIag fiajh fjkqfjks'˜

cmdkfha isg tu mokfï wdKavqldr

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úoHdfõ fofjd, fj; mshk.k

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fuh we,anÜ whskaiaghska f.a m%ldYhls'

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