EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 Executive Summary

Nangal Masonary Stone Mining Project (M.L. No- 04/07 is situated near village

Nangal, Tehsil Pahari, District Bharatpur, State Rajasthan over an area of

1.00 ha.

The mining lease was granted in favour of Shri Manish Kumar S/o Shri Raghunath

Battra, R/o- Village- Ujina, Tehsil- Nooh, District Mewat Nooh (Haryana), vide order

no. 5187-5194 on dated 09/12/2010 & was registered on dated 18/10/2011 for 20

years.

The proposed rate of production is 64608.8 TPA ( Average) of Masonry Stone.

The estimated project cost is Rs. 20 lakhs. The expected life of mine is 11

years. The life of mine may change depending upon the prospecting results,

rate of production and the extent of mechanization done by the lessee in

future.

This mining project falls under Category “A” Project or activity 1(a) as per

EIA Notifications 2006, 2009, 2011, 2013 & 2014. An interstate boundary

of Haryana & Rajasthan lies within 1 km of the study area.

1.1 Salient features of the project

Project Name Nangal Masonary Stone Mining Project (M.L. No- 04/2007)

Location of Mine Site Near Village – Nangal Tehsil - Pahari

District - Bharatpur State - Rajasthan

Latitude & Longitude Lattitude- N27048'6.12"

Longitude- E77003'4.75""

Topo-sheet number 54 E-1

Minerals of mine Masonary Stone

Total Geological reserves

1140000Tonnes (Proved + Probable + Possible)

Total Mineable reserves 1021250 Tonnes (Proved + Probable)

Life of mine 11 years

Proposed production of

mine 64608.8 TPA ( Average)

Method of mining Mechanized Opencast Method

No of working days 300 days

Water demand Total water requirement is about 3.07 KLD = 2.07 KLD

(Drinking & Domestic Uses) + 0.6 (Plantation) KLD +

0.4 KLD (Dust Suppression).

Sources of water Water for dust suppression and plantation will be

collected from nearby villages. Water tanker will

provide the drinking water. During monsoon period,

rain water accumulated on the pit will be used for dust

suppression and plantation.

Man power 46

Nearest railway station Sholaka Railway Station is about 40 km in NE

direction.

Nearest State Highway/ National highway

SH-22 Road is about 5 Km in South direction.

Nearest airport Indra Gandhi International Airport is about 83 km in

North direction.

Seismic zone Zone IV as per Vulnerability Atlas of India – 2nd

Edition, BMTPC

1.2 Proposed Planning

Mining method - Open cast, Mechanized Opencast

Estimated Project Cost - Rs. 20 Lakhs

Production - Masonry Stone 64608.8 TPA ( Average) 1.3 Conclusion

The production of mineral will be benefited to the State in the form of Royalty.

Apart from this, the project will generate direct and indirect employment

opportunities to the tune of about 46 persons from the nearby villages. Also,

the mine management will conduct medical camps at regular interval in the

nearby villages and will help the nearby villages by providing infrastructure

like school furniture, water tankers, etc.

2. INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/BACKGROUND INFORMATION

2.1 Identification of Project and Project Proponent

Nangal Masonary Stone Mining Project (M.L. No- 04/07 is situated near village

Nangal, Tehsil Pahari, District Bharatpur, State Rajasthan over an area of 1.00

ha.

The mining lease was granted in favour of Shri Manish Kumar S/o Shri

Raghunath Battra, R/o- Village- Ujina, Tehsil- Nooh, District Mewat Nooh

(Haryana), vide order no. 5187-5194 on dated 09/12/2010 & was registered

on dated 18/10/2011 for 20 years.

The proposed rate of production is 64608.8 TPA (Average) of Masonry Stone.

The estimated project cost is Rs. 20 lakhs. The expected life of mine is 11

years. The life of mine may change depending upon the prospecting results,

rate of production and the extent of mechanization done by the lessee in

future.

2.2 Brief Information about the Project

The project has been proposed for mining of 64608.8 TPA ( Average) of Masonry

Stone by opencast semi mechanized method. The mine lease area is 1.0 ha.

The expected life of the mine is 11 years. Water requirement for the proposed

project for drinking use, dust suppression and other use will be 3.07 KLD

which will be taken from nearby villages & water reservoir.

2.3 Need for the Project and Its Importance to the Country or Region

The mining project falls in the village- Nangal Tehsil Pahari and Bharatpur

District of Rajasthan, and the area is devoid of industrial growth. The earning

sources of the region are limited. Most of the people are dependent on

agriculture. Mineral wealth of the state Rajasthan provides the employment

opportunity to the people of the state as well as region also. Mining is one of

the major core sector industries which play a crucial role in the process of

country economic development. The mineral Masonry Stone finds extensive use

in the construction and infrastructural works.

The basic objective of the project is the effective utilization of material in the

country or region. Masonry Stone is the world's most commonly used material

used in making of road, railway track construction etc. Masonry Stone will help

in the economic growth of the country or region.

Masonry is commonly used for the construction of walls of buildings, retaining

walls and buildings. Brick and concrete block are the most common types of

masonry which is used in industrialized nations and may be either weight-

bearing or a veneer. Concrete blocks, especially those with hollow cores, offer

various possibilities in masonry construction. They generally provide great

compressive strength, and are best suited to structures with light transverse

loading when the cores remain unfilled. Filling some or all of the cores with

concrete or concrete with steel reinforcement (typically rebar) offers much

greater tensile and lateral strength to structures.

Advantages:

The use of material such as bricks and stones can increase the thermal

mass of a building and can protect the building from fire.

Most types of masonry typically will not require painting and so it can

provide a structure with reduced life-cycle costs.

Masonry is non-combustible product.

Masonry walls are more resistant to projectiles, such as debris from

hurricanes or tornadoes.

Masonry structures built in compression preferably with lime mortar can

have a useful life of more than 500 years as compared to 30 to 100 for

structures of steel or reinforced concrete.

2.4 Demands-Supply Gap

There is large demand of masonry stone for road, railway track, building

construction etc

2.5 Imports vs. Indigenous Production

Development needs will be met only through indigenous produced Masonry

stone against the high cost of imported material.

2.6 Export Possibility

Project Proponent would like to sale out the mineral in domestic market only.

2.7 Domestic/ Export Markets

Project Proponent would like to sale out in domestic market as per

requirement.

No export is proposed.

2.8 Employment Generation

About 46 persons will be employed along with Mine Manager, Mining Mate,

Store Keeper and Chowkidar.

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Type of Project Including Interlinked and Interdependent Projects,

If Any.

The mine is over an area of 1.0 hectares. The proposed production is 64608.8

TPA ( Average). This is an independent mining project and there are no

interlinked projects involved.

The project falls under Category “A” Project or activity 1(a) as per EIA

Notifications 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2013 & 2014. An interstate boundary of

Haryana & Rajasthan lies within 1 km of the study area.

3.2 Location

The mining lease area is located near village Nangal, Tehsil Pahadi, District

Bharatpur and State Rajasthan. Sholaka Railway Station is about 40 km in NE

directionand Indra Gandhi International Airport is about 83 km in North

direction. The study of mining lease area falls in Toposheet numbers 54 E-1.

The pillar co-ordinates of the mining lease area are:

Lattitude- N27048'6.12"

Longitude- E77003'4.75"

Fig 1: Location Map of Proposed Project Site Showing on Google Image 3.3 Details of Alternate Sites

Mining is site specific so no alternative site is proposed.

3.4.1 Size or magnitude of operation

The mining lease has been granted over an area of 1.00 ha. The proposed

production is 64608.8 TPA ( Average) The average number of working days in

the year would be 300.

3.5 Physiogrpahy

The area falls in G.T. sheet No. 54 E/1. The height RL is 279 to 299m with respect to

Bench mark 299m near pillar D. Area mainly consists of Masonary Stone. General

drainage pattern is southeast of the lease area.

Vegetation: the mining lease area is free from any type of vegetation only few

bushes are present nearby mining lease area.

3.5.1 Regional Geology:

The area covers part of Alwar and Bharatpur district of Rajasthan and Gurgaon

district of Haryana. Topographically the area is characterized by NNE SSW

trending hill ranges in the west, flat top domal hill in the east, rugged hilly

terrain with narrow intervening valley in the south-west, and flat topography in

the central part. The average relief of the area 100 m above msl. The maximum

elevation, 372m above msl, is located in the Northwest. The area is drained

southern parts by the Ruparel or Barah River flowing toward east. In other

parts the drainage is controlled by ephemeral nallas (carrying run-off water of

the monsoon) which invariably lose their tracts in the plains. The drainage

pattern is mainly trellis or fault trellis although dendritic pattern are also

present. The climatic is semi-arid to sub-humid the average annual rainfall is

60 to 65 cm. the temperature reaches up to 46 degree c in summer and drops

down to 2 degree c in winter.

Era/Period Geological

Cycle

Group Formation Litho logy

Quaternary Holocene Present day

flood plain

Undifferentiated

Aeolian and fluvial

Middle to

late

Pleistocene

Ambala

Alluvium

(Older fluvial

surface)

Polycyclic

sequence of

brownish oxidized

silt, clay with

Kankar & grey

brown micaceous

sand (T2 Surface)

Palaeo-Meso

Proterozoic

Delhi Super

Group

Ajabgarh

Group

Arauli

Formation

Carbonaceous

Phyllite Shale,

Slate intercalated

with quartzite

Bhokol a. Interbeded

Formation quartzite and

phylite

b. Quartzite

c. Phyllite

Alwar group a. Massive

quartzite

b. Inter layred

feldspathic

ferruginous

orthoquartizite

The litho logical units exposed in the area belong to the Alwar & Ajabgarh

group of the Delhi Super group of plaleo to Mc so Proterozic and Quaternary

geomorphic surfaces.

Three phases of deformation suffered by the Delhi super group of rocks could

be recognized in the area. The first phase (F1) is represented by tight, isoclinals

to near upright folds having 30 degree to 60 degree NNE plunge. The second

phase F2 has resulted in open anticlines & synclines plunging 30 degree to 45

degree tears WNW of ESE. The third phase (F3) is represented by broad open

wraps roughly along E-W Axis. The interferences of f1 & f2 have produced

domal structure in the east.

Source: Mine plan

Local Geology

AGE LITHOLOGY

RECENT SOIL WITH

KANKAR

DEHLI SUPER

GROUP

AJABGARH GROUP BHOKAL

FORMATION

MASONARY STONE

(QUARTZITE)

Source: Mine plan

Soil cover/Alluvium- The soil/alluvium almost a small part of the lease area

(except the isolated hillock of masonary stone deposit). it is derived locally and

occupies the low laying areas and can be used for cultivation purposes. The

thickness of soil cover varies from 05m to 1.0m.

Source: Mine plan

3.6 Project description with process details

3.6.1 Method of Mining

The proposed method of mining will be opencast Mechanized mining. The

mining will be started from existing pit. The masonary stone is laying on the

sub surface therefore open cast mining has been obvious choice.

Bench parameter shall be

1. Height 3-6 m

2. Width more than 3-6 m

The 6 m benches shall be prepared in four slice height 1.5m (Maximum boom

length of excavator).

The mining will be done with the help of tools such as drills, jacks-hammer,

compressors, hand shovel, picks, excavator etc.

Drilling:

Drilling will be done with the help of Jack-hammer. In this mine the diameter

of hole will be 32 mm dia hole or 110 mm hole dia of wagon drill m/c. The

lease shall mine by slice method of each 1.5m with jack hammer drilling.

Lessee may use deep blasting after getting DGMs permission.

Blasting:

The Blasting shall be done by the authorized contractors on contractual Basis.

These contractors have their own safety explosive container as well as

Explosive License.

The hole will be blasted by using detonating cord, Special Gellatin, Ordinary

Plain, Safety Fuse

Loading and Transportation:

Loading of Masonry will be done with the help of excavators to the dumper for

its transportation to the plant.

Extent of mechanization

Machine No. Make HP/Capacity

Jack hammers 4 Atlas copco 32 mm

Compressor 1 Local 62.5Hp

D.G Set 1 Local 15 KVA

Poklean 1 Hitachi 148 Hp

Dumper 3 Ashok Leyland 75 Hp

Water tanker 1 Ford 5000 litre

Production details

The Proposed Production of Stone in the proposed five year:

year ROM excavated in

MT

Saleable Masonary stone

in MT (all Grades & size)

Waste of Volume

in MT

First year 42763 40625 2138

Second year 47643 45261 2382

Third year 57900 55005 2895

Fourth year 76780 72941 3839

Fifth year 114961 109212 5749

Total 340047 323044 17003

Total masonry stone will be excavated during five year is 323044 tonnes. The

proposed production is 64608.8 TPA ( Average). This is an independent mining

project and there are no interlinked projects involved.

3.7 Raw Material Required Along With Estimated Quantity, Likely Source,

Marketing Area of Final Product/S, Mode of Transport of Raw Material and

Finished Product

No raw material will be required for production of Masonary Stone.

Loading of Masonary will be done with the help of excavators at face and at

stock yard as well. Masonry stone will be loaded in dumper with the help of

excavator.

3.8 Resource Optimization/ Recycling and Reuse

Only water will be used as resource optimization /recycling at mine site.

3.9 Availability of Water Its Source, Energy/ Power Requirement and

Source

3.9.1 Water Requirement

Water for domestic, dust suppression and plantation is required to be 3.07

KLD. Drinking water will be provided by water tanker. Water for dust

suppression and plantation will be collected from nearby villages & nearby

water reservoir.

3.9.2 Power

The operation will be done only in day time hence there is no power

requirement for the project at site. The electricity facility is not available at

mining lease area. Only diesel equipment will be used.

3.10 Quantity of wastes to be generated (Liquid and solid) and Scheme for

their Management/Disposal

3.10.1 Nature of Waste

The waste/overburden/intercalated waste in the area is only intermixed soil.

The waste rock produced shall be loaded by excavator and dumped by dumper

for its transportation to the reject dump yard & when required for making road,

the waste material shall be used.

it is also proposed to stack the top soil of the area where development of green

belt is proposed. A retaining wall also is erected to protect washout of the top

soil layer of 0.5m thickness shall be spread over the backfilled area for a

forestation.

Year Volume of waste

in M3

Taking Swell Factor

30% in M3

Total m3

swell Vol.

First year 855 257 1112

Second year 953 286 1239

Third year 1158 347 1505

Fourth year 1536 461 1997

Fifth year 2300 690 2990

Total 6802 2041 8843

3.10.2 Liquid Effluent

Not applicable

4. SITE ANALYSIS

4.1 Connectivity

The mining lease area is located near village Nangal, Tehsil Pahadi, District

Bharatpur and State Rajasthan. Sholaka Railway Station is about 40 km in NE

direction and Indra Gandhi International Airport is about 83 km in North

direction. The study of mining lease area falls in Toposheet numbers 54 E-1.

4.2 Landform, Land use and Land ownership

4.2.1 Landform

The area falls in G.T. sheet No. 54 E/1. The height RL is 279 to 299m with respect to

Bench mark 299m near pillar D. Area mainly consists of Masonary Stone. General

drainage pattern is southeast of the lease area.

The mining lease area is free from any type of vegetation only few bushes are

present nearby mining lease area.

4.2.2 Land use

The applied lease area is a Govt. Waste Land. The area does not fall in forest

land. There is no village or human settlement in the lease area. There is no

public road passing through the area.

4.2.3 Land Ownership

The proposed lease area is Govt. Waste land.

4.3 Topography

The area falls in G.T. sheet No. 54 E/1. The height RL is 279 to 299m with

respect to Bench mark 299m near pillar D. Area mainly consists of Masonary

Stone. General drainage pattern is southeast of the lease area.

Vegetation: the mining lease area is free from any type of vegetation only few

bushes are present nearby mining lease area.

4.4 Land Use Pattern

The applied lease area is a Govt. waste Land. The area does not fall in forest

land. There is no village or human settlement in the lease area. There is no

public road passing through the area. The Conceptual land use pattern is

indicated in the following table:

S.No Land use pattern

(ha)

At the end of

mine life (ha)

1 Are under

excavation

--

2 Pits and quarries 0.7255 (will be

converted in to

water reservoir)

3 Mineral/stackyard --

3 OB/Dump --

4 Infrastructure --

5 Road/cart/track --

6 Water reservoir --

7 Unused area 0.2745

Total 1.00

4.5 Existing Infrastructure

There is no existing infrastructure facility is available in the area but in the

first five years as per the approved mining plan for effective and proper working

of the mine, it has been proposed to construct and provide site services like

office, first aid, rest shelter; urinals etc. as per the statutory requirements.

4.6 Soil Classification

The soils of the Bharatpur district are greyiesh brown and yellowish brown

with wide variation in texture from sandy loam to clay loam. The soils at some

places are affected by salinity/ alkalinity. The soils of Bharatpur, Bayana and

Deeg subdivision is fertile. In NE part of the district the soils are compact and

have low permeability, which causes water to stagnate on upper surface during

rainy season.

(Source: - District Groundwater Brochure, 2009, Central Ground Water Board, Bharatpur,

Rajasthan).

4.7 Climate Data from Secondary Sources

Average annual rainfall (1977-06) of the district is 612.4mm. However normal

rainfall for the period 1901 to 1970 is 675.1mm. This indicates that the rainfall

has decreased over the years. The maximum average rainfall is 509.0mm at

Kama and minimum average rainfall is 353.0 mm at Deeg in 2007-08. The

climate of the district is being dry becomes extremely hot during summer and

extremely cold during winter. The cold season is from December to February

and is followed by summer from March to June. From mid of September to end

of November constitute post monsoon season. The district experiences either

mild or normal drought once in two years. Severe type of drought has been

recorded in 1979. Most severe type of drought has occurred only in Nadbai

subdivision in 1979 and Deeg subdivision in 1986.

(Source: - District Groundwater Brochure, 2009, Central Ground Water Board, Bharatpur,

Rajasthan).

4.8 Social Infrastructure available:

The nearest village is Nangal, health (dispensary) & educational facilities

are also available there.

Medical facilities, Primary Health Centers are there in the area, imparting

services, for advance medical facilities. In each village one health worker

has been appointed by the Govt. to provide primary health facilities.

There are tube wells in the nearby area. The water is also supplied

through tankers in few villages. During summer, scarcity of water has

been noticed.

Communication services like post office and telephones are available in

the nearby village. Some of the villagers are also having mobile phones.

Cities are connected with electricity facilities. But the mine site is not

presentably connected with electric facility.

5 PLANNING BRIEF

5.1 Planning Concept

The proposed method of mining will be opencast Mechanized mining. The

mining will be started from existing pit. The masonary stone is laying on the

sub surface therefore open cast mining has been obvious choice.

Bench parameters shall be prepared in four slice height 1.5m

Bench parameter shall be

1. Height 3-6 m

2. Width more than 3-6 m

5.2 Land use Planning

At the end of the life of mine entire area will be will be converted in to water

reservoir.

5.3 Assessment of Infrastructure demand (Physical & Social)

On the basis of the preliminary site visit, the infrastructure demand in the

village was assessed on the basis of need and priority.

Physical Infrastructure

The road facility is already available which shall be used and maintained.

Other infrastructure facilities required such as transport etc. for mine labors is

available by way of jeep, two wheelers etc. Medical facility is available in the

nearby village Nangal.

Social Infrastructure

An occupational health unit will be organized and the proposed measures will

be adopted:

1. Periodical Medical Checkup program for all the workers and first-aid box

with necessary equipment will be provided.

2. Training for workers regarding occupational hazards and

3. Safety equipment i.e. dusts mask, safety shoes, gloves etc.

5.4 Amenities/Facilities

In the next five years as per the approved mining plan, it has been proposed to

construct and provide Site services like office, first aid, rest shelter, urinals and

maintenance workshops etc. as per the statutory requirements.

Budget allocated for facilities provided to labors at site

S. No Description Capital

Cost Recurring

Cost

1. Drinking water facility -- 15000

2. Shelter 35000 --

3. Health facility 20000

Sub total 35000 30000

Total 70000 65000

6. PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE

6.1Industrial Area (Processing Area)

No infrastructure is proposed.

6.2 Residential Area (Non Processing Area)

As local workers from nearby areas will be engaged for the mining activity, no

residential area/ housing are proposed.

6.3 Green Belt

The area falls in semi arid zone & there is shortage of water so large scale

plantation is not possible. However it is proposed to develop greenbelt on 33%

of mine lease area as entire mine area will be converted in to water reservoir at

conceptual stage, green belt will be developed in surrounding area. The

following plant species will be proffered for plantation considering mine area

falling in semi arid zone. It is proposed to plant 20 trees per year.

Babool Vilayati babool

Khejari Amaltas

Year wise plantation scheme

s. no Year Target of

Plantation

Assumed

survival

Replenishment of

causalities

Total

1 1st 20 16 - 16

2 2nd 20 16 4 20

3 3rd 20 16 4 20

4 4th 20 16 4 20

5 5th 20 16 4 20

Place for Plantation

1. At own private land

2. Nearby state Highway

3. At the dump

4. Nearby area of the School

5. At the govt. waste land provided by the govt.

Post plantation care

1. Protection from grazing: Protection from grazing will be done by

erecting suitable boundary in the plantation area.

2. Watering during dry spill: Though these trees will require very less

water however in the first year from March to July the watering will be

done daily September to February trice a week.

3. Manuring: Manuring will be done while plantation work is taken up.

6.4 Social Infrastructure

The applicant shall spend a part of the profit for the development of the area

i.e. in the treatment of poor, schools, temples and other social work.

Budget for ESR

Sl

No.

Activity 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year

1 Provide drinking water facility in

surrounding villages and schools by

hand pump

15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000

2 Health camp

and free medicine

10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

3 Washroom for girl

15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000

4 Educational Support poor specially girls

10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

Total 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000

6.5 Drinking Water Management

The required water for drinking and domestic purpose is required to be 1.93

KLD. Drinking water will be taken from nearby villages.

6.6 Sewerage System

Domestic waste water will be treated into septic tank followed by soak pit.

6.7 Industrial Waste Management: Not applicable

6.8 Solid Waste management Entire waste generated will be used in backfilling.

6.9 Power Requirement & Supply/Source

The operation will be done only in day time hence there is no power

requirement for the project at site. The electricity is not available at mining

lease area. Only diesel equipment will be used.

6.10 Environment Management Plan

Budget allocated for EMP

S. No

Measures

Capital

cost (in Rs.)

Recurring cost (in Rs.)

1 Pollution Control i) Dust Suppression

ii) Parapet wall & ground dump

75000 50000

2

Pollution Monitoring

i) Air pollution ii) Water pollution

75000 50000

3 Green Belt -- 50000

Total 1,50,000 1,50,000

7. REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R&R) PLAN

As no personnel are expected to be migrated due to mining in the lease area

and the adjoining region is also having a good mineral potential, the

rehabilitation of the employees is not going to be a problem. The workers and

other staff can get job in the neighboring areas after the end of life of mine.

R&R not applicable as the proposed land is govt. waste land.

8 PROJECT SCHEDULE & COST ESTIMATES

8.1 Likely Date of Start of Construction and Likely Date of Completion

No construction activities are proposed. The mining activity will commence only

after receiving environmental clearance and other statutory clearance.

8.2 Estimated Project Cost Along With Analysis In Terms of Economic

Viability of the Project Estimated project cost is Rs. 20 Lakhs. The lessee has all the mining

equipments required for the scientific mining. The mine will be Eco-Friendly.

Economically the ore is mineable as compared to overburden thickness.

9.0 ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL (FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS)

The proposed mine will bring about economic benefits to the state in the form

of Royalty of mineral and to the local people by getting direct and secondary

employment opportunities. The material is in high demand at the local market

for real estate industry. Masonry is commonly used for the construction of

walls of buildings, retaining walls and buildings. Brick and concrete block are

the most common types of masonry which is used in industrialized nations and

may be either weight-bearing or a veneer. Concrete blocks, especially those

with hollow cores, offer various possibilities in masonry construction. They

generally provide great compressive strength, and are best suited structures

with light transverse loading when the cores remain unfilled. Filling some or all

of the cores with concrete or concrete with steel reinforcement (typically rebar)

offers much greater tensile and lateral strength to structures.

Advantages:

The use of material such as bricks and stones can increase the thermal

mass of a building and can protect the building from fire.

Most types of masonry will not require painting and so it can provide a

structure with reduced life-cycle costs.

Masonry is non-combustible product.

Masonry walls are more resistant to projectiles, such as debris from

hurricanes or tornadoes.

Masonry structures built in compression preferably with lime mortar can

have a useful life of more than 500 years as compared to 30 to 100 for

structures of steel or reinforced concrete.

This project operation will provide livelihood to the poorest section of the

society/economically backward population in the area. It provides employment

to the people residing in vicinity directly or indirectly. The mine management

will also help nearby villages by providing aid to school, conducting medical

and social awareness camps, helping in formation of self-help groups, etc.

Thus the project will bring about socio-economic improvement of the area and

will prove beneficial to the area.

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