Europeans as Explorers, Conquerors & TradersHistory 104 / January 9, 2013

The expansion of the Ottoman Turkish empire

The fall of Constantinople, 1453(contemporary & modern renderings)

From Constantinople to IstanbulThe conversion of the Hagia Sophia (I)

From Constantinople to IstanbulThe conversion of the Hagia Sophia (II)

Suleiman the magnificentSultan of Turkey, 1520-1566

The Turkish siege of Vienna, 1529

Prince Henry“the Navigator”Portuguese Noble,

1394-1460

Bartholomeu Dias (1450-1500) Here: Dias Cross on the coast of Namibia, 1487

Dias rounds theCape of Good Hope, 1488

The last leg:Vasco de Gama’svoyage to India,

1497-1499

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (married 1479)

The Surrender of Granada in 1492(painted by Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz, 1882)

The expulsion of theSpanish (Sephardic)

Jews, 1492

Ottoman Turkey receives Jewish refugees from Spain

Spanish victories over centralized empires

Hernán Cortés(1485-1547)

Wrests Mexico from the Aztecs,

1519-21

Francisco Pizarroca. 1475-1541

seizes the Inca capital, Cuzco, in 1533

The biological encounter across the Atlantic

Martin Waldseemüller’s world map, ca. 1507

“The new islands behind Spain to the East, near the country of India” (1544)

Spain hauls back 300 tons of silver per year from Peru & Mexico