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European Cities and Regions of the Future 2014/15 Winners
www.fDiIntelligence.com February/March 2014
LONDON HAS RETAINED ITS POSITION AS fDi’s EUROPEAN CITY OF THE FUTURE 2014/15, WHILE GERMANY’S NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN HAS SAILED TO THE TOP TO RANK FIRST AMONG EUROPE’S REGIONS. CATHY McREYNOLDS REPORTS
Europe is expanding. Its popula-tion is growing and the EU most recently welcomed a new
member in the form of Croatia in July 2013. Free trade and movement of labour in the EU has countries waiting in the wings to join. In a study of the most promising invest-ment locations in Europe, fDi Magazine has crowned London and Nordrhein-Westfalen in Germany winners of the European City and Region of the Future titles.
London ranked first place in the Economic Potential category for major European cities, thanks to its vast and growing market and its sig-nificant FDI attraction – particularly in the software and IT, business ser-vices, and financial services sectors. The city also ranked second in the Infrastructure category, in part due to its forthcoming Crossrail project – the largest civil engineering project in Europe – which will provide acces-sible, frequent and convenient rail transportation for citizens, linking Heathrow airport, the West End of the city, the financial City of London, Canary Wharf, Kent and Essex. London is also showing a clear strat-egy for attracting FDI.
For European Regions of the Future, Nordrhein-Westfalen ranked first, rising six places from the previ-
ous ranking in 2012/13. The region ranked third of all European regions for Economic Potential, due to its high GDP, its inflation rate of 2.5% and its high levels of FDI. It also per-formed well among large European regions in the Human Capital and Lifestyle, and Infrastructure catego-ries, ranking second and fifth in these categories, respectively.
Rising through the ranksHelsinki emerged as a new entry in the Top 25 European cities, placing second. Finland’s capital has been receiving increased attention for its efforts to attract FDI and scored par-ticularly well for FDI Strategy. The city highlighted its focus on three key areas to promote investment: “Research, development and innova-tion; growth capital and hi-tech start-ups; and transnational functions, such as sea and air links.”
The Dutch city of Eindhoven was also a new entry to the Top 25, rank-ing third. The city ranked first in the FDI Strategy category for all small European cities, thanks in part to its offer of incubation facilities at both the High Tech Campus in the city and the University of Technology Science Park, as well as its provision of ‘soft-landing’ services, which allow investors to establish links and
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February/March 2014 www.fDiIntelligence.com 45
develop a base in the city.Eindhoven also scored well in
the Infrastructure category, ranking fourth of all small European cities. There was a notable change in the overall cities ranking with new entries for Dutch cities – Rotterdam and Utrecht ranked 14th and 18th, respectively. There were also new entries for French and UK cities in the ranking, with Lyon ranking 15t h , Grenoble 17t h and Birmingham 19th.
UK and Spanish gainsUK cities performed well in the city rankings, particularly in the mid-sized, small and micro city categories. Edinburgh topped the new mid-sized European cities category, which was introduced for the 2014/15 rankings. Scoring well in FDI Strategy, the city ranked first of all mid-sized European cities, and fourth of all mid-sized European cities in the Economic Potential category.
Edinburgh faced competition from other UK cities in this mid-sized category with Liverpool, Newcastle upon Tyne, Coventry and Sheffield ranking third, fifth, sixth and sev-enth, respectively. Spanish cities dominated the southern European cities category, not surprisingly given that Spanish GDP grew at its fastest rate in six years in the final quarter of 2013, according to the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Seven Spanish cities ranked in the Top 10, with Barcelona placing first.
Scotland performed well in the rankings, rising three places to rank second of all European regions. The region scored particularly well in the FDI Strategy category, thanks to a range of incentives offered, including funding and business growth ser-vices provided by the Scottish Investment Bank, its Scottish Manufacturing Advisory Service and its range of research and develop-ment credits. The region also ranked fourth of all large regions in Business Friendliness and fifth of all large European regions in the Human Capital and Lifestyle category.
Copenhagen’s economic potentialCopenhagen region retained its third place ranking, performing strongly in the Economic Potential category, rank-ing second of all small European regions. The region also ranked second of all small regions in the Business Friendliness category, presenting a low risk to investors, with low levels of
corruption and a straightforward approach to doing business. The region also has a strong FDI Strategy, ranking first of all small regions.
Amsterdam region ranked sixth overall and placed first in the Infrastructure category. Dutch regions dominated this category, boosted by their country’s developed communi-cations and transport networks.
Regionally, the Cost Effectiveness category was predominantly made up of eastern European regions. Macedonia’s Ohrid-Struga ranked first, while Serbian regions claimed three of the overall Top 10 European places. There also featured, however, a couple of UK regions in the Cost Effectiveness category, with East Midlands and Yorkshire and Humberside proving the seventh and ninth most cost-effective large European regions. In addition, Spanish regions Andalucia and Catalonia ranked eighth and 10th of all large European regions, respectively.
Europe’s strengthIn the year to November 2013, fDi Markets recorded 3652 greenfield FDI projects (excluding retail) in Europe. In the same period, Europe received just over a third of global FDI, the largest of any world region. Of Europe’s FDI projects, 665 invest-ments (18.2%) were made in the soft-ware and IT sector, compared with 14.4% in Asia. Software publishing was Europe’s largest subsector, accounting for more than half of all investment in software and IT.
On the whole, UK cities and regions performed well in fDi’s European Cities and Regions of the Future 2014/15, claiming top city and second place regionally. Yet, 2014 brings with it a contentious referen-dum that could see Scotland split from the UK as early as 2016. Details on Scottish currency and its EU mem-bership remain unclear, begging the question, how will this affect Scotland’s strategy for attracting new, and even retaining current, for-eign direct investment?
As a world region, Europe has been battered by recession storms in the past few years, yet there are signs of optimism, most recently with Ireland and Spain exiting their bail-outs. Could we see a marked improve-ment in Ireland or Spain’s perfor-mance in the next rankings? ■
Follow discussion of the rankings on Twitter: #ECRF14
REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY 1 London UK2 Helsinki Finland3 Eindhoven Netherlands4 Cambridge UK5 Dublin Ireland6 Munich Germany7 Barcelona Spain8 Berlin Germany9 Amsterdam Netherlands10 Reading UK11 Edinburgh UK12 Vienna Austria13 Glasgow UK14 Rotterdam Netherlands15 Lyon France16 Paris France17 Grenoble France18 Utrecht Netherlands19 Birmingham UK20 Ghent Belgium21 Liverpool UK22 Lisbon Portugal23 Derby UK24 Cork Ireland25 Galway Ireland
TOP 25 EUROPEAN CITIES OVERALL
RANK REGION COUNTRY 1 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany2 Scotland UK3 Copenhagen Denmark4 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden5 Île-de-France France6 Amsterdam Region Netherlands7 Bristol and Bath UK8 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland9 Utrecht Netherlands10 Brabant Netherlands11 Wales UK12 South East UK UK13 Northern Ireland UK14 Val De Marne France15 Lombardy Italy16 Wallonia Belgium17 West Holland Netherlands18 Oxfordshire UK19 Norfolk UK20 Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire UK21 Sheffield City Region UK22 Isle of Man UK23 Dorset UK23 Liverpool City Region UK24 Hampshire UK25 North Holland Netherlands
TOP 25 EUROPEAN REGIONS OVERALL
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RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Eindhoven Netherlands2 Munich Germany3 Berlin Germany4 Amsterdam Netherlands5 Vienna Austria6 Rotterdam Netherlands7 Lyon France8 Paris France9 Grenoble France10 Utrecht Netherlands
TOP 10 WESTERN EUROPEAN CITIES
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Budapest Hungary2 Wroclaw Poland3 Katowice Poland4 Plzen Czech Republic5 Moscow Russia6 Brno Czech Republic7 Poznan Poland8 Ostrava Czech Republic9 Bratislava Slovakia10 Prague Czech Republic
TOP 10 EASTERN EUROPEAN CITIESRANK CITY COUNTRY1 Barcelona Spain2 Lisbon Portugal3 Porto Portugal4 Bilbao Spain5 Valencia Spain6 Madrid Spain7 Murcia Spain8 Skopje Macedonia9 Seville Spain10 Malaga Spain
TOP 10 SOUTHERN EUROPEAN CITIES
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 London UK2 Cambridge UK3 Dublin Ireland4 Reading UK5 Edinburgh UK6 Glasgow UK7 Birmingham UK8 Liverpool UK9 Derby UK10 Cork Ireland
TOP 10 CITIES – UK AND IRELAND
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Helsinki Finland2 Reykjavik Iceland3 Stockholm Sweden4 Copenhagen Denmark5 Espoo Finland6 Lund Sweden7 Vantaa Finland8 Vilnius Lithuania9 Malmö Sweden10 Oslo Norway
TOP 10 NORTHERN EUROPEAN CITIES EXCLUDING UK AND IRELAND
Cities
Driving growth: Munich is second in the western European city ranking
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RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Berlin Germany2 Eindhoven Netherlands3 Munich Germany4 Ghent Belgium5 Lyon France6 Vienna Austria7 Grenoble France8 Leipzig Germany9 Bordeaux France10 Antwerp Belgium
TOP 10 WESTERN EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Katowice Poland2 Wroclaw Poland3 Poznan Poland4 Ostrava Czech Republic5 Lodz Poland6 Plzen Czech Republic7 Brno Czech Republic8 Lublin Poland9 Kharkiv Ukraine10 Krakow Poland
TOP 10 EASTERN EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Barcelona Spain2 Lisbon Portugal3 Porto Portugal4 Bilbao Spain5 Skopje Macedonia6 Murcia Spain7 Valencia Spain8 Malaga Spain9 Seville Spain10 Lendava Slovenia
TOP 10 SOUTHERN EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 London UK2 Glasgow UK3 Helsinki Finland4 Edinburgh UK5 Liverpool UK6 Birmingham UK7 Derby UK8 Sunderland UK9 Sheffield UK10 Cambridge UK
TOP 10 NORTHERN EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Brussels Belgium2 Paris France3 London UK4 Athens Greece5 Stockholm Sweden6 Madrid Spain7 Vienna Austria8 Dublin Ireland9 Barcelona Spain10 Helsinki Finland
TOP 10 MAJOR EUROPEAN CITIES – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Sofia Bulgaria2 Tbilisi Georgia3 Bucharest Romania4 Belgrade Serbia5 Prague Czech Republic6 Ankara Turkey7 Budapest Hungary8 Kiev Ukraine9 Minsk Belarus10 Warsaw Poland
TOP 10 MAJOR EUROPEAN CITIES – COST EFFECTIVENESS
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 London UK2 Paris France3 Brussels Belgium4 Dublin Ireland5 Helsinki Finland6 Stockholm Sweden7 Moscow Russia8 Milan Italy9 Copenhagen Denmark10 Berlin Germany
TOP 10 MAJOR EUROPEAN CITIES – ECONOMIC POTENTIALRANK CITY COUNTRY
1 London UK2 Helsinki Finland3 Dublin Ireland4 Barcelona Spain5 Berlin Germany6 Vienna Austria7 Paris France8 Brussels Belgium9 Budapest Hungary10 Moscow Russia
TOP 10 MAJOR EUROPEAN CITIES – OVERALL
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RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Berlin Germany2 London UK3 Helsinki Finland4 Barcelona Spain5 Vienna Austria6 Dublin Ireland7 Kiev Ukraine8 Budapest Hungary9 Tbilisi Georgia
Note: List restricted due to shortage of suitable entries.
TOP MAJOR EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Paris France2 London UK3 Berlin Germany4 Copenhagen Denmark5 Barcelona Spain6 Brussels Belgium7 Madrid Spain8 Helsinki Finland9 Vienna Austria10 Stockholm Sweden
TOP 10 MAJOR EUROPEAN CITIES – INFRASTRUCTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 London UK2 Moscow Russia3 Dublin Ireland4 Paris France5 Budapest Hungary6 Warsaw Poland7 Istanbul Turkey8 Brussels Belgium9 Prague Czech Republic10 Madrid Spain
TOP 10 MAJOR EUROPEAN CITIES – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
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REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Glasgow UK2 Katowice Poland3 Birmingham UK4 Munich Germany5 Lisbon Portugal6 Leipzig Germany7 Wroclaw Poland8 Bordeaux France9 Rotterdam Netherlands10 Poznan Poland
10 LARGE EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Amsterdam Netherlands2 Frankfurt Germany3 Rotterdam Netherlands4 Hamburg Germany5 Nice France6 Dusseldorf Germany7 Munich Germany8 Marseille France9 Essen Germany10 Bordeaux France
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN CITIES – INFRASTRUCTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Saint Petersburg Russia2 Amsterdam Netherlands3 Cologne Germany4 Oslo Norway5 Munich Germany6 Wroclaw Poland7 Manchester UK8 Frankfurt Germany9 Riga Latvia10 Hamburg Germany
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN CITIES – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Oslo Norway2 Amsterdam Netherlands3 Manchester UK4 Valencia Spain5 Dresden Germany6 Rotterdam Netherlands7 Frankfurt Germany8 Leipzig Germany9 Glasgow UK10 Gothenburg Sweden
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN CITIES – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Riga Latvia2 Chisinau Moldova3 Odessa Ukraine4 Zaporizhzhya Ukraine5 Lviv Ukraine6 Dnipropetrovsk Ukraine7 Lodz Poland8 Krakow Poland9 Poznan Poland10 Wroclaw Poland
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN CITIES – COST EFFECTIVENESS
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Munich Germany2 Stuttgart Germany3 Dresden Germany4 Cologne Germany5 Amsterdam Netherlands6 Dusseldorf Germany7 Oslo Norway8 Frankfurt Germany9 Hamburg Germany10 Hanover Germany
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN CITIES – ECONOMIC POTENTIALRANK CITY COUNTRY
1 Munich Germany2 Amsterdam Netherlands3 Glasgow UK4 Rotterdam Netherlands5 Birmingham UK6 Lisbon Portugal7 Leipzig Germany8 Wroclaw Poland9 Katowice Poland10 Bordeaux France
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN CITIES – OVERALL
Glasgow: fDi’s leading large European City of the
Future for FDI strategy
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REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Zurich Switzerland2 Bristol UK3 Nurnberg Germany4 Edinburgh UK5 Malmö Sweden6 Toulouse France7 Rennes France8 Bologna Italy9 Duisburg Germany10 Bremen Germany
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN CITIES – ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Edinburgh UK2 Lyon France3 Liverpool UK4 Antwerp Belgium5 Newcastle upon Tyne UK6 Coventry UK7 Sheffield UK8 Porto Portugal9 Bilbao Spain10 Zurich Switzerland
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN CITIES – OVERALL
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Thessaloniki Greece2 Montpellier France3 Lyon France4 Nantes France5 Rennes France6 Zurich Switzerland7 Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain8 Nottingham UK9 Strasbourg France10 Newcastle upon Tyne UK
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN CITIES – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Vilnius Lithuania2 Iasi Romania3 Tallinn Estonia4 Sevastopol Ukraine5 Brno Czech Republic6 Ostrava Czech Republic7 Mykolaiv Ukraine8 Szczecin Poland9 Bydgoszcz Poland10 Gdansk Poland
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN CITIES – COST EFFECTIVENESS
Thessaloniki: leading the way for human capital and lifestyle
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Zurich Switzerland2 The Hague Netherlands3 Bremen Germany4 Duisburg Germany5 Rennes France6 Lyon France7 Antwerp Belgium8 Nantes France9 Toulouse France10 Vilnius Lithuania
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN CITIES – INFRASTRUCTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Zurich Switzerland2 Coventry UK3 Antwerp Belgium4 Brno Czech Republic5 Tallinn Estonia6 Vilnius Lithuania7 Bristol UK8 Edinburgh UK9 Belfast UK10 Cardiff UK
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN CITIES – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Edinburgh UK2 Liverpool UK3 Lyon France4 Sheffield UK5 Porto Portugal6 Newcastle upon Tyne UK7 Bilbao Spain8 Antwerp Belgium9 Ostrava Czech Republic10 Doncaster UK
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
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REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Cambridge UK2 Grenoble France3 Oxford UK4 Brighton UK5 Lille France6 Exeter UK7 Middlesbrough UK8 Lund Sweden9 Dundee UK10 Bremerhaven Germany
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN CITIES – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Skopje Macedonia2 Plovdiv Bulgaria3 Pleven Bulgaria4 Burgas Bulgaria5 Varna Bulgaria6 Ruse Bulgaria7 Kaunas Lithuania8 Klaipeda Lithuania9 Constanta Romania10 Podgorica Montenegro
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN CITIES – COST EFFECTIVENESS
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Geneva Switzerland2 Basel Switzerland3 Cambridge UK4 Espoo Finland5 Aberdeen UK6 Reading UK7 Eindhoven Netherlands8 Lund Sweden9 Oxford UK10 Aachen Germany
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN CITIES – ECONOMIC POTENTIALRANK CITY COUNTRY
1 Eindhoven Netherlands2 Cambridge UK3 Reading UK4 Grenoble France5 Utrecht Netherlands6 Ghent Belgium7 Derby UK8 Cork Ireland9 York UK10 Derry/Londonderry UK
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN CITIES – OVERALL
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RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Slough UK2 Utrecht Netherlands3 Vantaa Finland4 Eindhoven Netherlands5 Basel Switzerland6 Maastricht Netherlands7 Milton Keynes UK8 St Albans UK9 Lille France10 Geneva Switzerland
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN CITIES – INFRASTRUCTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Cork Ireland2 Reading UK3 Derry/Londonderry UK4 Bratislava Slovakia5 Cambridge UK6 Southampton UK7 Walsall UK8 Geneva Switzerland9 Oxford UK10 Skopje Macedonia
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN CITIES – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Eindhoven Netherlands2 Ghent Belgium3 Derby UK4 Sunderland UK5 Grenoble France6 Cambridge UK7 Reading UK8 York UK9 Peterborough UK10 Skopje Macedonia
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Bangor UK2 Durham UK3 Bath UK4 Lancaster UK5 Chester UK6 Inverness UK7 Coburg Germany8 Limerick Ireland9 Lincoln UK10 Pau France
TOP 10 MICRO EUROPEAN CITIES – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
www.fDiIntelligence.com February/March 2014
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Stip Macedonia2 Municipality of Veles Macedonia3 Liepaja Latvia4 Ventspils Latvia5 Jelgava Latvia6 Zajecar Serbia7 Vranje Serbia8 Zrenjanin Serbia9 Sremska Mitrovica Serbia10 Municipality of Ruma Serbia
TOP 10 MICRO EUROPEAN CITIES – COST EFFECTIVENESS
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Luxembourg Luxembourg2 Galway Ireland3 Harwich UK4 Bath UK5 Coburg Germany6 Monaco France7 Chester UK8 Durham UK9 Limerick Ireland10 Mechelen Belgium
TOP 10 MICRO EUROPEAN CITIES – ECONOMIC POTENTIALRANK CITY COUNTRY
1 Galway Ireland2 Waterford Ireland3 Limerick Ireland4 Coburg Germany5 Bath UK6 Durham UK7 Hemel Hempstead UK8 Chester UK9 Lancaster UK10 Inverness UK
TOP 10 MICRO EUROPEAN CITIES – OVERALL
Bangor: number one micro-sized European city for human capital and lifestyle
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RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Luxembourg Luxembourg2 Hemel Hempstead UK3 Mechelen Belgium4 Cannes France5 Monaco France6 Pau France7 Lancaster UK8 Grimsby UK9 Inverness UK10 Bath UK
TOP 10 MICRO EUROPEAN CITIES – INFRASTRUCTURE
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Newry UK2 Shannon Ireland3 Galway Ireland4 Drogheda Ireland5 Limerick Ireland6 Hemel Hempstead UK7 Waterford Ireland8 Luxembourg Luxembourg9 Tartu Estonia10 Mechelen Belgium
TOP 10 MICRO EUROPEAN CITIES – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
RANK CITY COUNTRY1 Waterford Ireland2 Galway Ireland3 Ventspils Latvia4 Liepaja Latvia5 Limerick Ireland6 Lendava Slovenia7 Coburg Germany8 Zajecar Serbia9 Ivanec Croatia10 Vranje Serbia
TOP 10 MICRO EUROPEAN CITIES – FDI STRATEGY
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RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Baden-Wurttemberg Germany2 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland3 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany4 South East UK UK5 Île-de-France France6 Copenhagen Denmark7 Bavaria Germany8 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden9 Geneva (Canton) Switzerland10 Central Federal District Russia
TOP 10 EUROPEAN REGIONS – ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Attica Greece2 Isle of Man UK3 South East UK UK4 Ust-Labinsk Russia5 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany6 South West UK UK7 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden8 Comunidad de Madrid Spain9 Copenhagen Denmark10 Scotland UK
TOP 10 EUROPEAN REGIONS – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Ohrid-Struga Macedonia2 Stara Zagora Bulgaria3 Sremska Mitrovica Serbia4 Vojvodina Region Serbia5 Municipality of Indjija Serbia6 South Transdanubian Region Hungary7 Luhansk Ukraine8 Bear Micro-region Bosnia-Herzegovina9 Poltava Ukraine10 Bucuresti – Ilfov Romania
TOP 10 EUROPEAN REGIONS – COST EFFECTIVENESS
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Amsterdam Region Netherlands2 North Holland Netherlands3 Val De Marne France4 Île-de-France France5 Hesse Germany6 Yvelines France7 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland8 Zuid-Holland Netherlands9 West Holland Netherlands10 Utrecht Netherlands
TOP 10 EUROPEAN REGIONS – INFRASTRUCTURE
Regions
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 South East UK UK2 Dublin Region Ireland3 Île-de-France France4 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany5 Scotland UK6 Central Federal District Russia7 North West UK UK8 West Midlands UK9 Catalonia Spain10 Copenhagen Denmark
TOP 10 EUROPEAN REGIONS – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Scotland UK2 Brabant Netherlands3 Copenhagen Denmark4 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden5 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany6 Northern Ireland UK7 Wallonia Belgium8 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland9 Tuscany Italy10 Val De Marne France
TOP 10 EUROPEAN REGIONS – FDI STRATEGY
REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
The Ohrid-Struga region: number one for cost effectiveness in Europe
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Scotland UK2 Copenhagen Denmark3 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden4 Wales UK5 South East UK UK6 Northern Ireland UK7 Oxfordshire UK8 Norfolk UK9 Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire UK10 Sheffield City Region UK
TOP 10 NORTHERN EUROPEAN REGIONSRANK REGION COUNTRY1 Lombardy Italy2 Tuscany Italy3 Catalonia Spain4 Comunidad de Madrid Spain5 Emilia-Romagna Italy6 Aragon Spain7 Pomurje Slovenia8 Lisbon Region Portugal9 Attica Greece10 Valencia Spain
TOP 10 SOUTHERN EUROPEAN REGIONS
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany2 Île-de-France France3 Amsterdam Region Netherlands4 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland5 Utrecht Netherlands6 Brabant Netherlands7 Val De Marne France8 Wallonia Belgium9 West Holland Netherlands10 North Holland Netherlands
TOP 10 WESTERN EUROPEAN REGIONSRANK REGION COUNTRY1 Pardubice Czech Republic2 Plzen Czech Republic3 Prague Czech Republic4 Central Federal District Russia5 Malopolska Poland6 Metropolis Silesia Poland7 Bucuresti – Ilfov Romania8 Wielkopolska Poland9 Bratislava Slovakia10 Masovian (Mazowieckie) Poland
TOP 10 EASTERN EUROPEAN REGIONS
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RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Brabant Netherlands2 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany3 Wallonia Belgium4 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland5 Val De Marne France6 Utrecht Netherlands7 West Holland Netherlands8 Île-de-France France9 Amsterdam Region Netherlands10 Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur France
TOP 10 WESTERN EUROPEAN REGIONS – FDI STRATEGY
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Plzen Czech Republic2 Malopolska Poland3 Pardubice Czech Republic4 Kharkiv Ukraine5 Opolskie Poland6 Metropolis Silesia Poland7 Wielkopolska Poland8 Zabkowice-Slaskie Poland9 Transcarpathia Ukraine10 Stara Zagora Bulgaria
TOP 10 EASTERN EUROPEAN REGIONS – FDI STRATEGY
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Tuscany Italy2 Lombardy Italy3 Pomurje Slovenia4 Vojvodina Serbia5 Emilia-Romagna Italy6 Ohrid-Struga Macedonia7 Aragon Spain8 Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina9 Split-Dalmatia County Croatia10 Koprivnica Krizevci Croatia
TOP 10 SOUTHERN EUROPEAN REGIONS – FDI STRATEGY
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Scotland UK2 Copenhagen Denmark3 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden4 Northern Ireland UK5 Bristol and Bath UK6 Sheffield City Region UK=7 Kainuu Region Finland=7 Oxfordshire UK=8 Seinäjoki Finland=8 Wales UK9 Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire UK10 Isle of Man UK
TOP NORTHERN EUROPEAN REGIONS – FDI STRATEGY
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Sheffield City Region UK2 Oxfordshire UK3 Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire UK4 Northamptonshire UK5 Liverpool City Region UK6 Dorset UK7 Cheshire and Warrington UK8 Coast to Capital UK9 Worcestershire UK10 Black Country UK
TOP 10 UK LOCAL ENTERPRISE PARTNERSHIPS – FDI STRATEGY
Tuscany ranks top southern European region for FDI Strategy
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REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany2 Scotland UK3 Île-de-France France4 South East UK UK5 Lombardy Italy6 Bavaria Germany7 Hesse Germany8 Catalonia Spain9 Baden-Wurttemberg Germany10 Comunidad de Madrid Spain
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN REGIONS – OVERALL
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Baden-Wurttemberg Germany2 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany3 South East UK UK4 Île-de-France France5 Bavaria Germany6 Central Federal District Russia7 Hesse Germany8 Lombardy Italy9 Scotland UK10 Lower Saxony Germany
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN REGIONS – ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 South East UK UK2 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany3 South West UK UK4 Madrid Spain5 Scotland UK6 Île-de-France France7 Catalonia Spain8 East of England UK9 Bavaria Germany10 Hesse Germany
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN REGIONS – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Metropolis Silesia Poland2 Silesian (Slaskie) Poland3 Great Plain and North Hungary4 Katowice Poland5 Masovian (Mazowieckie) Poland6 Valencia Spain7 East Midlands UK8 Andalucia Spain9 Yorkshire and Humberside UK10 Catalonia Spain
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN REGIONS – COST EFFECTIVENESS
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REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Île-de-France France2 Hesse Germany3 Flanders Belgium4 Bavaria Germany5 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany6 Catalonia Spain7 Baden-Wurttemberg Germany8 Madrid Spain9 South East UK UK10 Lower Saxony Germany
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN REGIONS – INFRASTRUCTURE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 South East UK UK2 Île-de-France France3 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany4 Scotland UK5 Central Federal District Russia6 North West UK UK7 West Midlands UK8 Catalonia Spain9 Lombardy Italy10 Comunidad de Madrid Spain
TOP 10 LARGE EUROPEAN REGIONS – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Scotland UK2 Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany3 Lombardy Italy4 Île-de-France France5 Emilia-Romagna Italy6 Metropolis Silesia Poland
Note: List restricted due to shortage of suitable entries.
TOP LARGE EUROPEAN REGIONS – FDI STRATEGY
Fertile: Nordrhein-Westfalen, home to the city of Dusseldorf, tops the overall regions ranking for European Region of the Future 2014/2015
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REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden2 Amsterdam Region Netherlands3 Brabant Netherlands4 Wales UK5 Northern Ireland UK6 Wallonia Belgium7 West Holland Netherlands8 Sheffield City Region UK=9 Liverpool City Region UK=9 North Holland Netherlands10 Tuscany Italy
TOP MID-SIZED EUROPEAN REGIONS – OVERALL
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Brabant Netherlands2 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden3 Northern Ireland UK4 Wallonia Belgium5 Tuscany Italy6 Sheffield City Region UK7 Wales UK8 West Holland Netherlands9 Amsterdam Region Netherlands=10 Liverpool City Region UK=10 Malopolska Poland
TOP MID-SIZED EUROPEAN REGIONS – FDI STRATEGY
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden2 Brabant Netherlands3 Amsterdam Region Netherlands4 Greater Birmingham and Solihull UK5 Thames Valley UK6 North Holland Netherlands7 Zuid-Holland Netherlands8 Bucuresti – Ilfov Romania9 Rheinland-Pfalz Region Germany10 Wien Austria
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN REGIONS – ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden2 Zuid-Holland Netherlands3 Wien Austria4 Amsterdam Region Netherlands5 North Holland Netherlands6 Brabant Netherlands7 Thames Valley UK8 Wales UK9 South East UK UK10 South of London/Sussex UK
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN REGIONS – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Vojvodina Region Serbia2 Luhansk Ukraine3 Bucuresti – Ilfov Romania4 Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina5 Zaporizhia Ukraine6 Lviv Ukraine7 Lower Silesian (Dolnoslaskie) Poland8 Greater Poland (Wielkopolskie) Poland9 Wielkopolska Poland10 Lesser Poland (Malopolskie) Poland
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN REGIONS – COST EFFECTIVENESS
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Amsterdam Region Netherlands2 North Holland Netherlands3 Zuid-Holland Netherlands4 West Holland Netherlands5 Brabant Netherlands6 Rheinland-Pfalz Germany7 Bretagne France8 Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur France9 Wallonia Belgium10 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN REGIONS – INFRASTRUCTURE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Prague Czech Republic2 North Holland Netherlands3 Greater Stockholm Region Sweden4 Bucuresti – Ilfov Romania5 Amsterdam Region Netherlands6 Wales UK7 Zuid-Holland Netherlands8 North East UK UK9 Wien Austria10 Northern Ireland UK
TOP 10 MID-SIZED EUROPEAN REGIONS – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
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RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Copenhagen Denmark2 Bristol and Bath UK3 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland4 Utrecht Netherlands5 Val De Marne France6 Oxfordshire UK7 Norfolk UK8 Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire UK9 Isle of Man UK10 Dorset UK
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN REGIONS – OVERALL
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland2 Copenhagen Denmark3 Geneva (Canton) Switzerland4 Dublin Region Ireland5 Greater Cambridge and Greater Peterborough UK6 Luxembourg Region Luxembourg7 Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire UK8 Utrecht Netherlands9 Brussels Capital Region Belgium10 West of England UK
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN REGIONS – ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Attica Greece2 Isle of Man UK3 Ust-Labinsk Russia4 Copenhagen Denmark5 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland6 Vasterbotten Sweden7 Landkreis Wurzburg Germany8 Brussels Capital Region Belgium9 Flintshire UK10 Oxfordshire UK
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN REGIONS – HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Ohrid-Struga Macedonia2 Stara Zagora Bulgaria3 Sremska Mitrovica Serbia4 Municipality of Indjija Serbia5 South Transdanubian Region Hungary6 Bear Micro-region Bosnia-Herzegovina7 Poltava Ukraine8 Transcarpathia Ukraine9 Shumsk Ukraine10 Ternopil Ukraine
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN REGIONS – COST EFFECTIVENESS
The Greater Zurich Region ranks first for economic potential of all the small regions in Europe
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For the 2014/15 ranking, fDi intro-duced new population category parameters. To categorise cities, fDi took into account both the popula-tion of the immediate city area and that of the metropolitan area. In addition, where locations were in the large or major categories, we took into consideration the location’s receipt of FDI as a percentage of the country’s overall total.
City size categoriesMajor cities: The cities in this cate-gory had an immediate city popula-tion of more than 750,000 plus a metropolitan area population of more than 2 million, or a metropoli-tan area population of more than 4 million.Large cities: This category included those cities with an immediate city population of more than 500,000 plus a metropolitan area of more than 1 million, or a metropolitan area of more than 2 million people.Mid-sized cities: The cities in this cat-egory had an immediate city popula-
tion of more than 200,000 plus a met-ropolitan area population of more than 750,000, or an immediate city population of more than 350,000.Small cities: Cities categorised as small had an immediate city popula-tion of between 100,000 and 350,000. Micro cities: Micro cities had an immediate city population of fewer than 100,000.
City FDI parametersWhere a capital city was not consid-ered as a major city by population, we looked at its inward FDI figures. Any capital city not considered as major by population that received more than 35% of its country’s FDI was upgraded to the major category, where its country had more than 55 projects for the previous two years’ complete data, in this case 2011 and 2012.
For example, by population, Copenhagen was considered a large city in the 2013 classifications. However, it received 23 of Denmark’s 60 projects from 2011 and 2012, or 38%. Because Denmark’s figure was more than 55, and Copenhagen
received more than 35% of that, it was moved from large to major. We only took into consideration capital cities here.
In addition, we looked at the FDI stats for any non-capital cities that were classified as major in 2013 due to their population figures. In this case, any non-capital city considered to be major by population must have received 10% of its country’s FDI lev-els using the previous two years’ full data, in this case 2011 and 2012. If the city received less than 10%, it was moved from the major category to the large category.
For example, by population, Munich was considered a major city in the 2013 classifications. However, it received 106 of Germany’s 1551 projects in 2011 and 2012, or 6.8%. Because it received less than 10% of Germany’s FDI in this time, it was moved from major to large.
Regional size categories Large: More than 4 million peopleMedium: Between 1.5 million and 4 million peopleSmall: Fewer than 1.5 million people
POPULATION CATEGORIES
REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Copenhagen Denmark2 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland3 Val De Marne France4 Bristol & Bath UK5 Oxfordshire UK6 Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire UK7 Isle of Man UK8 Hampshire UK9 Utrecht Netherlands10 Northamptonshire UK
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN REGIONS – FDI STRATEGY
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Val De Marne France2 Yvelines France3 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland4 Utrecht Netherlands5 Luxembourg Region Luxembourg6 Lancashire UK7 Landkreis Wurzburg Germany8 Geneva (Canton) Switzerland9 Limburg Region Netherlands10 Copenhagen Denmark
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN REGIONS – INFRASTRUCTURE
RANK REGION COUNTRY1 Dublin Region Ireland2 Copenhagen Denmark3 Brussels Capital Region Belgium4 Norfolk UK5 Utrecht Netherlands6 West Ireland Ireland7 Bratislava Slovakia8 Greater Zurich Region Switzerland9 Geneva (Canton) Switzerland10 Hampshire UK
TOP 10 SMALL EUROPEAN REGIONS – BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS
February/March 2014 www.fDiIntelligence.com
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL•Population•Populationgrowthrate•Unemploymentrate•Inflation•GDP(purchasingpowerparity
(PPP) current €m)•GDPpercapita(PPPcurrent€)•GDPforecast•GDPpercapitagrowth•OutwardFDI,January2008toJuly
2013•OutwardFDIper100,000people,January2008toJuly2013
•InwardFDI,January2008toJuly2013
•InwardFDIper100,000people,January2008toJuly2013
•FDIinresearchanddevelopment,and design, development and testing,January2008toJuly2013
•FDIinmanufacturing,January2008toJuly2013
•Numberofmegaprojectsbycapital expenditure (more than £100m),January2008toJuly2013, excluding estimates
•Numberofmegaprojectsbycapital expenditure (more than £100m) per 100,000 people, January2008toJuly2013,excluding estimates
•Numberofmegaprojectsbyjobs(more than 1000 jobs), January 2008toJuly2013,excludingestimates
•Numberofmegaprojectsbyjobs(more than 1000 jobs) per 100,000people,January2008toJuly 2013, excluding estimates
•Investorsignals•Numberofpatents,2003to2012•Numberofpatentsper100,000
people, 2003 to 2012•Numberofpatents,2003to2000•Percentagegrowthinnumberof
patents, 2003 to 2009 vs 2003 to 2012
•Nominalgrowthinnumberofpatents, 2003 to 2009 vs 2003 to 2012
•Combinednominalandpercentage growth patent figures
HUMAN CAPITAL AND LIFESTYLE•Labourforceasapercentageof
the population •Literacyrate•Secondaryenrolmentrate•Tertiaryenrolmentrate•Educationexpenditure•Numberofuniversities•Numberofinternational
baccalaureate schools
DATA POINTS •Numberoftop500universities•Numberofstudents•Third-levelstudentsasa
percentage of the population•Labourforcewithtertiary
education•Braindrain•Qualityoflife,2011•Qualityoflife,2010•Changeinqualityoflife•HumanDevelopmentIndex•Numberofdoctorsper1000
people•Lifeexpectancy
COST EFFECTIVENESS•Averageannualsalaryforan
unskilled worker (€)•Averageannualsalaryforasemi-
skilled worker (€)•Averageannualsalaryforaskilled
worker (€)•AnnualrentforprimegradeA
office space ($ per m²)•AnnualrentforprimegradeA
industrial space ($ per m²)•Rateforafour-orfive-starhotelin
the city centre ($)•Minimumwage(€perhour)•Costofestablishingabusiness
(absolute value using gross national income (GNI) from WDG)
•Costofregisteringaproperty(percentage of property cost)
•Costofconstructionpermits(absolute value using GNI from WDG)
•Petrolprices(€perlitre)•Costofelectricity(€perkilowatt
hour)•Costtoexport($percontainer)•Costtoimport($percontainer)•Corporationtaxrate•Value-addedtax•Totaltaxrate,percentageofprofit•CountryPPP/exchangerate
INFRASTRUCTURE•Uploadspeed(kilobytesper
second)•Downloadspeed(kb/s)•Growthininternetusers•Percentageofpeopleusingthe
internet, 2011•InformationandCommunications
Technology Development Index•Numberofairportswithin80
kilometres of the city •Numberofinternational
destinations served•Distancetotheairportthat
provides the majority of flights withina80kmradiusofthecity
•Sizeoflocalport•Linershippingconnectivityindex,
2012•Cargovolumethroughlocalport
(tonnes)
•Containertrafficthroughlocalport(TEUs)
•Mobilephonesubscribers(2011)per 100 people
•Growthinmobilephonesubscribers, 2005 vs 2011
•EnvironmentalPerformanceIndex,2012
•LogisticsPerformanceIndex,2012•NetworkReadinessIndex,2012•Qualityofoverallinfrastructure•Qualityofroads•Qualityofrailroadinfrastructure
BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS•Totalnumberofcompaniesinthe
high-tech manufacturing sector, 2012
•Totalnumberofcompaniesinthehigh-tech service sector, 2012
•Totalnumberofcompaniesintheknowledge-based sector, 2012
•Proportionofcompaniesinthehigh-tech manufacturing sector, 2012
•Proportionofcompaniesinthehigh-tech service sector, 2012
•Proportionofcompaniesintheknowledge-based sector, 2012
•Numberofcompaniesinthehigh-tech manufacturing sector per 100,000 people
•Numberofcompaniesinthehigh-tech service sector per 100,000 people
•Numberofcompaniesintheknowledge-based sector per 100,000 people
•NumberofjobscreatedbyallinwardFDI,January2008toJuly2013
•Numberofjobscreatedbyallinward FDI, 2011
•NumberofjobscreatedbyallInward FDI, 2012
•Growthinjobscreatedbyallinward FDI, 2011 vs 2012
•Numberofexpansion/co-locationprojects
•Top1000WorldBanks2013•FTGlobal500companies•Corporationtaxrate•Daystakentostartabusiness•Firingcosts•EaseofDoingBusinessIndex
(1=most business-friendly regulations)
•Five-yearcumulativechangeinEase of Doing Business Index
•IndexofEconomicFreedom•CorruptionPerceptionIndex•StrengthofInvestorProtection
Index•Countryriskscore•Creditrating(Standard&Poor’s)•Changeincreditrating,2011to
2012
To create a shortlist for the fDi European Cities and Regions of the Future 2014/2015, the fDi Intelli-gence division of the Finan-cial Times collected data using the specialist online FDI tools fDi Benchmark and fDi Markets, as well as other sources.
Data was collected for 468 locations, both cities
and regions, in five catego-ries: Economic Potential, Human Capital and Life-style, Cost Effectiveness, Infrastructure and Busi-ness Friendliness. In addi-tion, surveys were collected under a sixth category, FDI Strategy, for which there were 180 submissions. In this category, locations submitted details about their strategy for promot-
ing FDI, which was then scored by fDi’s judging panel. Locations scored up to a maximum of 10 points for each datapoint, which were weighted by impor-tance to the FDI decision-making process in order to compile both the subcate-gory rankings, as well as the overall European Cities and Regions of the Future 2014/2015 ranking.
METHODOLOGY
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REGIONSEUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS OF THE FUTURE
LAURENT SANSOUCY Director, OCO Global
BARRIE DAVIDSenior research consultant, Cushman & Wakefield LLP
MICHAL KACZMARSKIEurope editor, fDi Magazine
CATHY McREYNOLDSSenior investment analyst, fDi Intelligence
STUART MILLERManaging partner, Miller Rosenflack LLP
DOUGLAS CLARKDirector, Location Connections
JUDGING PANEL
www.fDiIntelligence.com February/March 2014
