The New ImperialismIn the 1800s European nations began a new push ** IMPERIALISM the extension of a nation’s power over other lands for economic and political gain.

Essay Explain why Westerners began to increase their search for colonies after 1880

Economic

*Access to raw materials such as rubber, oil, and tin

*Access to new markets to sell

goods to in Asia, Africa, and Latin

America

Power

*Colonial possessions became a symbol of

power

*Nations raced to gain control of as much

territory as possible to demonstrate their

strength compared to other nations

Religious

*Europeans believed that they had a moral

responsibility to civilize primitive

people

The Constantly Changing White House 1880-1900

**Direct Rule officials from the mother country were put in charge of taxes, law and order, and other government business inside the colonial possession

-Great Britain and France still used this method in areas of Asia

where they had to overthrow a popular government to take

control.

Concerns and Issues for the Colonizing Countries-Colonial powers did not want

their colonies to develop their own industries.

-Colonial powers feared giving the native peoples

political rights because they might want full participation

in government.

-Native people worked on plantations for wages kept

at poverty levels.

-Colonial governments kept taxes high on the

peasants.

*The White Man’s Burden European belief that God

supported White Supremacy. Thus, they believed they had a

moral responsibility to civilize the natives in Africa.

Throughout the first half of the 1800s great portions of India were under the control of a British land company called the British East India

Company (sort of like in the American colonies

Imperialism in INDIA

In 1860 a Indian rebellion was crushed, and the

British government took governing power away

from the East India Company.

IN 1876 QUEEN VICTORIA of GREAT BRITAIN TOOK THE

TITLE OF EMPRESS OF INDIA!

BRITISH RULE IN INDIA….Good, Bad, and UglyNEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES

TO BRITISH RULE IN INDIA

1. British manufactured goods destroyed local industries (like

Wal-Mart runs local business into bankruptcy

2. The British government charged so much in taxes that Indian peasants were forced to

become tenant farmers or give up

their land completely.

3. ***The British government also forced many farmers to quit growing

crops to produce cotton. THIS LEAD TO A FOOD SHORTAGE IN INDIA THAT CAUSED THRITY MILLION INIANS TO STARVE TO DEATH BY

1900

Getting Hindus and Muslims to Work TogetherThe fighting between the Hindus and the Muslims in India kept the Indian

people from getting the British government to grant them more political freedom

**Mohandas Gandhi

-native born Indian who was educated in England and went to

work as a lawyer serving the interests of Indian workers in

South Africa.

-In 1915 Gandhi returned to India to take over the Nationalist movement and fight for the rights

of the Indian people!

The Work of GandhiGandhi’s Plan of Attack????

1. NON-VIOLENT RESISTANCE

Gandhi encouraged forms of Civil Disobedience….which is protest

that breaks laws w/o hurting people in the process. By

breaking unjust laws, people can call attention to the abuses

being committed by the oppressive government.

2. Boycotts…Gandhi called upon Indian citizens to quite buying into British manufactured goods. Relying on British business for

goods only made the people of India more dependent on Great Britain

U.S. ImperialismWhy Would the U.S. Start to Branch

Outside its borders?

1. Imperialism The U.S. saw the money that could be made from establishing colonies. The U.S. government eyed

Latin American and Caribbean because of its sugar and fruit

plantations.

2. Manifest DestinyThe U.S. believed it was our God given right to extend ourselves outside our own borders

and share our practices with others.

It All Started in the Pacific

**Open Door Policy Signed with China in the 1850s this treaty

allowed for free trade between all nations in the Pacific Ocean….this opened China and Japan to trade

with the United States.

Taking Over hawaii!

Hawaii was an island KINGDOM in the Pacific halfway between the United States and Japan. It was the perfect spot for ships to stop and refuel and……………it was a

goldmine for American fruit companies

In 1891, *Queen Liliuokalani, the last monarch of Hawaii, tried to force Americans evacuate from her kingdom.

*In 1893U.S. marines helped a group of Hawaiian planters who were making money from U.S. involvement overthrow the monarchy and set up a new

government!

The Standoff in CubaCuba was a Spanish colony 80 miles off the coast of Florida and the scene of the next American military

encounter!

A Group of Cuban exiles had been training in the United States of 15 years to

re-enter Cuba and seize control away from the Spanish colonial government…

in 1895 they got their chance

The Cuban exiles took advantage of a economic crisis in Cuba to invade the country and managed to seize control of Eastern Cuba and declare their

independence in September, 1895.

The Spanish sent its army across the Atlantic to take back the land from the Cuban rebels.

                                                                                        

President McKinley tries to resist PressureMcKinley did not like war and truly wanted to stay out of the dispute between

Spain and the Cubans.

BUT……

February 1898….

*President McKinley sent the battleship MAINE to

Havana, Cuba to evacuate American business men and their families that were living in Cuba if the fighting got to

dangerous Anticipating War…Spain declared war on the U.S. April 24,

1898…..McKinley asked Congress for a declaration of war the next

day

Twisting the Arm of SpainFor Centuries Spain had been a World Power. The United States was proving that it

was the true force to be reckoned with!

BY JULY 1898….

-U.S. Ground Forces had captured or surrounded

most of the major cities in Cuba

-U.S. had destroyed the Spanish Navy in the Pacific

At the end of July the Spanish government asked for peace….TREATY OF PARIS (12/10/1898)

1. Cuba gains independence 2. U.S. Pays $20 mil for Philippines 3. U.S. annexes Puerto Rico and Guam

-U.S. had captured Guam and forts in Puerto Rico under Spanish control

Teddy Roosevelt’s TOUGH Foreign Policy

OPPORTUNITY Panama was a colony of the Columbian government

and the people of Panama were waging a revolution against Columbia to gain

their independence.

Roosevelt ignored Columbia’s right to control their own land and sent navy warships to Panama to prevent Columbia from sending troops in to put down the revolt. The revolt was successful and Panama declared its independence

in 1903

Big Problems in ColumbiaThe U.S. was doing so much business in the Pacific Ocean it became necessary to find easy access from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Building a canal became the popular proposal and COLUMBIA controlled the best spot to build the canal…the Isthmus of Panama

Roosevelt Places His Finger on Latin AmericaThe New Panamanian government gave the U.S. rights to a 10 mile strip of land called the Canal Zone. Here the U.S. build the Panama Canal

which connected the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

-Roosevelt’s decision to aid the revolution against Columbia was

criticized throughout the world. (A Imperialist Tyrant!)

-In 1999 the U.S. government turned full control over the canal

zone to the Panamanian government.

Roosevelt Talks Tough and Backs it UpRoosevelt Made Two Very Strong Stances to Put European Nations in their Place and Clean up the Economic Messes of our Neighbors

to the South!*Big Stick Diplomacy

Stated that the U.S. would remain the dominant force in the Western Hemisphere and anyone who

interfered with our interests in the west would be met with military

force!

*Roosevelt Corollary

An amendment to the Monroe Doctrine, the corollary stated that the

U.S. WOULD ACT AS A POLICEMAN IN LATIN AMERICA. THE U.S. WOULD INTERVENE IN LATIN

AMERICAN AFFAIRS WHEN THEY BELIEVED IT WAS NECESSARY TO

MAINTAIN STABILITY IN THE REGION. From 1908-1922 the U.S. set up new governments

in Nicaragua, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, and the Virgin Islands

ImperialismLets look at a couple samples of how

questions look on the OGT that will test your knowledge of European and American

imperialism

During the Spanish-American War, the U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the Philippines. The U.S. Congress later voted for annexation of the Philippines.

What was one reason for this act of U.S. imperialism?

A. to provide the U.S. with a valuable naval base in the Pacific

B. to provide the U.S. with a place to relocate its immigrant population

C. to decrease the U.S. need to export raw materials for industrialization

D. to increase the U.S. population by extending citizenship to the Filipinos

ImperialismLets look at a couple samples of how

questions look on the OGT that will test your knowledge of European and American

imperialismDuring the late 19th and early 20th centuries, U.S. foreign policy was closely tied to domestic economicconcerns. The annexation ofHawaii, the Open Door Policy with China, and the construction of thePanama Canal in Latin America were all motivated by an interest in

A. breaking up monopolies and trusts.

B. extending land grants for railroad construction.

C. acquiring new markets and sources of raw materials.

D. limiting the power of labor unions to strike.

ImperialismLets look at a couple samples of how

questions look on the OGT that will test your knowledge of European and American

imperialism

In the 19th century, European countries claimed that the conquest of Africa would bring the benefits of Western civilization to that continent.

From the perspective of African peoples, the effect was

A. loss of political independence.

B. fewer agricultural products for foreign trade.

C. new national boundaries based on ethnic and cultural similarities.

D. global appreciation for African cultures and encouragement of their development.

Forms of GovernmentLets look at a couple samples of how questions look on the OGT that will test your knowledge of forms of Imperialism. The following is an example of a 2 point writing question on

the OGT.POTENTIAL WRITTEN RESPONSE

. A canal at the Isthmus of Panama would reduce U.S. shipping costs and avoid the

necessity of maintaining separate navies in the Atlantic and Pacific.

The United States fulfilled one of its imperialist ambitions in the early 20th century by acquiring land to build the Panama Canal. State two reasons (political and/or economic)why U. S. imperialists wanted tobuild the canal.

Write your answer in the AnswerDocument. (2 points)

• would achieve world power status• would facilitate U.S. trade with Asia• would ensure control of trade routes across the Atlantic from Europe to Asia• would shorten shipping times between coasts (variant on shipping costs)• would facilitate the movement of naval vessels to different areas of need