Ethics and Service Leadership

Ethics and Service Leadership

Ethics and Service Leadership

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People buy into the leader before they buy into the vision.

John C. Maxwell

27/01/2015Home of Ideas 2

Session OutlineTypes of Leadership Difference Between Leadership and ManagementWhat is EthicsWhat is Ethical LeadershipWhat are Code of Ethics7 Steps to Ethical LeadershipExample of unethical behavioursManagement EthicsReasons to behave EthicallyThe Four levels of organisational EthicsEthical Decision Making 27/01/2015Home of Ideas 3

Session 127/01/2015Home of Ideas 4

ExercisesWhat type/styles of leadership do we have?27/01/2015Home of Ideas 5

Types of Leadership AuthoritarianPaternalisticDemocraticLaissez-faireTransactionalTransformational


Types of Leadership AuthoritarianThe authoritarian leadership style or autocratic leader keeps strict, close control over followers by keeping close regulation of policies and procedures given to followers.Examples of authoritarian communicative behavior: a police officer directing traffic, a teacher ordering a student to do his or her assignment, and a supervisor instructing a subordinate to clean a workstation. All of these positions require a distinct set of characteristics that give the leader the position to get things in order or get a point across. Authoritarian Traits: sets goals individually, engages primarily in one-way and downward communication, controls discussion with followers and donates interaction


Types of Leadership PaternalisticThe way a Paternalistic leader works is by acting as a father figure by taking care of their subordinates as a parent would. In this style of leadership the leader supplies complete concern for his followers or workers. In return he receives the complete trust and loyalty of his people.27/01/2015Home of Ideas 8

Types of Leadership DemocraticThe democratic leadership style consists of the leader sharing the decision-making abilities with group members by promoting the interests of the group members and by practicing social equality.

This style of leadership encompasses discussion, debate and sharing of ideas and encouragement of people to feel good about their involvement27/01/2015Home of Ideas 9

Types of Leadership Laissez-faireThe laissez-faire leadership style is where all the rights and power to make decisions is fully given to the worker.The laissez-faire style is sometimes described as a "hands off" leadership style because the leader delegates the tasks to their followers while providing little or no direction to the followers27/01/2015Home of Ideas 10

Types of Leadership TransactionalMainly used by management, transactional leaders focus their leadership on motivating followers through a system of rewards and punishments. There are two factors which form the basis for this system, Contingent Reward and management-by-exception.Contingent Reward Provides rewards, materialistic or psychological, for effort and recognizes good performance.Management-by-Exception allows the leader to maintain the status quo. The leader intervenes when subordinates do not meet acceptable performance levels and initiates corrective action to improve performance. Management by exception helps reduce the workload of managers being that they are only called-in when workers deviate from course.


Types of Leadership TransformationalA transformational leader is a type of person in which the leader is not limited by his or her followers' perception. The main objective is to work to change or transform his or her followers' needs and redirect their thinking. Leaders that follow the transformation style of leading, challenge and inspire their followers with a sense of purpose and excitement27/01/2015Home of Ideas 12

differences between leadership and managementA very big difference between leadership and management, and often overlooked, is that leadership always involves (leading) a group of people, whereas management need only be concerned with responsibility for things, (for example IT, money, advertising, equipment, promises, etc.).

Of course many management roles have major people-management responsibilities, but the fact that management does not necessarily include responsibility for people, whereas leadership definitely always includes responsibility for people, is a big difference.27/01/2015Home of Ideas 13

Typical Responsibilities (not absolutely exclusive to either management or leadership)ManagementLeadershipImplementing tactical actionsDetailed budgetingMeasuring and reporting performanceApplying rules and policiesImplementing disciplinary rulesOrganizing people and tasks within structuresRecruiting people for jobsChecking and managing ethics and morals Developing peopleProblem-solvingPlanningImproving productivity and efficiencyMotivating and encouraging othersDelegating and trainingCreating new visions and aimsEstablishing organizational financial targetsDeciding what needs measuring and reportingMaking new rules and policiesMaking disciplinary rulesDeciding structures, hierarchies and workgroupsCreating new job roles Establishing ethical and moral positionsDeveloping the organizationProblem-anticipationVisualisingConceiving new opportunitiesInspiring and empowering othersPlanning and organizing succession, and...All management responsibilities, including all listed left, (which mostly and typically are delegated to others, ideally aiding motivation and people-development)


What is Ethics27/01/2015Home of Ideas 15

Session 227/01/2015Home of Ideas 16

EthicsEthics, sometimes known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

Ethical LeadershipEthical Leadership is leading by knowing and doing what is right.Ethical leadership is divided into two parts. The leader must act and make decisions ethically, and second, the leader must also lead ethically in their attitudes and interactions.


Ethical LeadershipLeaders who are ethical demonstrate a level of integrity that is important for stimulating a sense of leader trustworthiness, which is important for followers to accept the vision of the leader. The character and integrity of the leader provide the basis for personal characteristics that direct a leaders ethical beliefs, values, and decisions. Individual values and beliefs impact the ethical decisions of leaders.

Leaders who are ethical are people-oriented, and also aware of how their decisions impact others, and use their social power to serve the greater good instead of self-serving interests.


Code of EthicsStates the principles and expectations governing behaviour of individuals and organisations in the conduct of leadership.It describes the minimum requirements for conduct; and behavioral expectations rather than specific activities.The purpose of Code of Ethics is to promote an ethical culture in leadership.


7 Steps to Ethical LeadershipFace the complexity involved in making ethical choices: Openly discuss the ethical gray areas and acknowledge the complexity of work life. Involve others in more of the ethical decisions. Be a leader who talks about the difficult ethical choices, and help others learn to take responsibility for making ethical decisions carefully.Don't separate ethics from day-to-day business: Leaders must make it clear to their employees that ethics is "the way we operate" and not a training program or reference manual. Every activity, whether it is a training program, a client meeting or an important top management strategy session, should include conversations about ethics.


7 Steps to Ethical LeadershipDon't allow negative interpersonal behaviors to erode trust: Make respect a load-bearing beam in your culture. Be an ethical leader who expects it and practices it. Cultivate a respectful environment in which people can speak up about ethics and share the responsibility for living it. Build trust, demand open communication and share the ownership of organizational values.Don't think about ethics as just following laws and regulations: Leaders need to take action and show consumers and other stakeholders that they are actively engaged with ethical issues that matter. Recognize how ethics influences consumers' reasons to buy from you, and demonstrate a commitment to go beyond mere compliance with laws and regulations. They must prove that they are committed to ethical issues, including human rights, social justice and sustainability.


7 Steps to Ethical LeadershipDon't exempt anyone from meeting ethical expectations: Allow no excuses. Make sure that no one is exempted from meeting the ethical standards that are adopted. Maintain the status of ethics as a total, absolute, "must do" in the organization. Hold everyone, particularly senior leaders and high profile managers, accountable. No exceptions.Celebrate positive ethical moments: Be a proactive ethical leader, championing high ethical conduct and emphasizing prevention. Managers should talk about what positive ethics looks like in practice as often as they talk about what to avoid. Take time to celebrate positive ethical choices.Talk about ethics as an ongoing learning journey, not a once-a-year training program: Integrate ethics into every action of the organization everything people do, touch or influence. Talk about ethics as an ongoing learning journey, not something you have or don't have. Recognize that the world changes constantly, and that ethical conduct requires that everyone remain vigilant.


ExerciseWhat characteristics of Leadership do you have? (5 mins)27/01/2015Home of Ideas 23

CharacteristicsApproachableTrustworthyActs with humilityListens with great intensityMakes decisions carefullyActs assertively


ExerciseList 5 Unethical behaviours you may know? ( 5 mins)


examples of unethical behaviours, activitiesFor example, behaviours that are not necessarily unlawful but which are generally considered to be unethical aredishonesty, withholding information, distortion of factsmisleading or confusing communications or positioning or advertisingmanipulation of people's feelingsdeception, trickery, kidology, rule-bending, fooling peopleexploitation of weakness and vulnerabilityexcessive profitgreedanything liable to harm or endanger people


examples of unethical behaviours, activitiesavoidance of blame or penalty or payment of compensation for wrong-doing inertia-based 'approvals' and 'agreements' (in which action proceeds unless objected to) failing to consult and notify people affected by change secrecy and lack of transparency and resistance to reasonable investigation coercion or inducement harming the environment or planet unnecessary waste or consumption invasion of privacy or anything causing privacy to be compromised recklessness or irresponsible use of authority, power, reputation nepotism (the appointment or preference of family members)


examples of unethical behaviours, activities favouritism or decision-making based on ulterior motives (e.g., secret affiliations, deals, memberships, etc) alienation or marginalisation of people or groups conflict of interests (having a foot in two or more competing camps) neglect of duty of care betrayal of trust


examples of unethical behaviours, activities breaking confidentiality causing suffering of animals 'bystanding' - failing to intervene or report wrong-doing within area of responsibility (this does not give licence to interfere anywhere and everywhere, which is itself unethical for various reasons) unfairness unkindness lack of compassion and humanity27/01/2015Home of Ideas 29

Management EthicsManagement ethics is the ethical treatment of employees, stockholders, owners, and the public by a company. A company, while needing to make a profit, should have good ethics. Employees should be treated well, whether they are employed here or overseas. By being respectful of the environment in the community a company shows good ethics, and good, honest records also show respect to stockholders and owners.


Reasons to behave EthicallyEthical behavior calls for an atmosphere in which it can be performed. It also necessitates an awareness about the basics of ethical behavior. Eventually it leads to cultural and behavioral enrichment among internal staff of the organization27/01/2015Home of Ideas 31

The four levels of organizational ethicsSocial disregard': the company shows carelessness for the consequences of its actions.Social obligation: the company does not wish to extend its activity any further than just meeting its legal responsibilities.Social responsiveness: the company adjusts its policies according to the social conditions, demands and pressures.Social responsibility: the company decides to concentrate on its long-term goals for the benefit of society in general.


Ethical Decision MakingWhen making a decision in management the following criteria of ethical decision-making should be considered:Legality - will the decision somehow affect the legal status?Fairness - how will the decision affect those involved in it?Effectiveness - will the decision achieve the aim for which it is being taken?


27/01/2015Home of Ideas 34The WAW LozengeI learned todayI felt todayTomorrow, I look forward to

A genuine leader is not a searcher for consensus but a molder of consensus.Martin Luther King, Jr.27/01/2015Home of Ideas 35

Asante 27/01/2015Home of Ideas 36

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Ethics and Service Leadership