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Eshetu BekeleVSU Parthenium Project- Ethiopia
International Workshop on Bioogical Control and Management of Parthenium hysterophorus Addis Ababa, Ethiopia July 14-17, 2014
Address most of the adverse effects on▪ Crops and pastures▪ Livestock health and products▪ Social▪ Natural ecosystems
Include appropriate impact assessment plan and parameters
Quantify the economic benefits that could be obtained by managing the weed
Evaluating pre-release baseline conditions▪ Provides benchmarks against which effectiveness
of the bioagent can be later evaluated Monitoring establishment and spread
of the bioagents ▪ This is an indicator of the ultimate success of any
biological control program Measuring actual impacts ▪ This actually measures the ultimate success or
failure of the biological control program
Photo points▪ Comparison of a series of photographs taken
from a fixed reference points▪ Periodically on release and non-release plots
Stakeholder survey▪ Comparative surveys of perceptions of
managers, farmers DAs, etc▪ A questionnaire to assess their opinions
before and after release
Comparing sites or plots with and without the bioagents:
▪ Abundance of parthenium▪ Abundance of bioagents▪ Extent of damage▪ Response of the associated plant community
Correlative studies:▪ Correlation between weed performance and
agent density or damage severity
Agent exclusion experiments:▪ Comparison of protected plots (using
pesticides or cages) with plots with the bioagents.
On parthenium: before/during release & end of seasons NP, NF, Ht, BM, SB
On bioagent: fortnightly after release & end of seasons (at & beyond the release points) NA, NP, NL, NE per plant
Extent of damage: during the season NDP, PLAD, visual score (0-5)
Associated plant communities Spp., abundance, and % coverage
Data should be taken from a unit area Example: 0.5 x 0.5m quadrant
It should be replicatedAppropriate statistical models should
be selected Example: One way or two way ANOVA followed
by a Tukey test (Dhileepan, 2003)
Ultimate goal of biological control of parthenium is improvement in crop and pasture yields and
qualities. Recovery of native species Reduce the socioeconomic Impacts
But, it may take several years to measure such real impact
Requires continuous monitoring & data collection
Superimposing zonal crop yield data on parthenium distribution map, three major crops identified in potential release areas Teff Sorghum and Maize
Yields vary significantly within zones District (wereda) level yields could be
better Thus, means of the last 5 seasons used
Impact of biological control of parthenium on human health,
livestock health and product qualities,
net savings/incomes generated Determined using well structured
questionnaires. Analyzed with appropriate statistical
procedures
The impact of managing parthenium by bioagents can be evaluated from different perspectives: the establishment and effectiveness of the bioagents
, significant reduction in parthenium populations subsequent increase in crop/pasture yields & quality, Improvements in livestock health and quality of their
products, rehabilitation of other plant communities in the
ecosystem, and the additional economic benefits farmers could get
from reduced weeding costs and labor.