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ENUM: history and current status and future Explanation of ENUM (RFC 2916). Patrik F ältström Corporate Consulting Engineer, Cisco Area Director, Applications Area , IETF. How many addresses do you have on your buissness card?. Patrik Fältström Consulting Engineer - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul
ENUM: history and current status and future
Explanation of ENUM (RFC 2916)
Patrik Fältström<[email protected]>
Corporate Consulting Engineer, Cisco
Area Director, Applications Area, IETF
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 2
Patrik FältströmConsulting EngineerOffice of the CTO170 W Tasman DriveSan José, CA 95134USADirect: +1-426-525-8509Fax: +1-408-526-8766Mobile: +46-70-6059051Email: [email protected]: http://www.cisco.com
Patrik FältströmConsulting EngineerOffice of the CTOÅrstaängsvägen 31J117 43 StockholmSwedenPhone: +46-8-6859000Direct: +46-8-6859131Fax: +46-8-190424Mobile: +46-70-6059051Email: [email protected]: http://www.cisco.com
Patrik FältströmFounder / OwnerFirma PAFLedåsa273 71 LövestadSwedenEmail: [email protected]: http://paf.se
Patrik FältströmLedåsa273 71 LövestadSwedenEmail: [email protected]: http://alexandria.paf.se
Patrik FältströmArea Director, Applications AreaIETFEmail: [email protected]: http://www.ietf.org
How many addresses do you have on your buissness card?
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 3
Today, many addresses
tel:+46-8-971234
mailto:[email protected]
tel:+46-706051234
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 4
Today
• Convergence
• Telecom in Turmoil
• The IP and PSTN worlds are about to collide
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 5
Where are we?
• There are substantial indicators that the market for IP Telephony is turning– Enterprise driven– 40% CAGR– IP-PBX sales are
gaining steam …..– IP-Centrex has the
attention of service providers
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 6
Buissnes case for VoIP
• Enterprise want to leverage investment in IP networks
• Cost Reduction – Toll Bypass
• Still the #1 argument• Toll Charges $960.00 per line per
year
– Simplified Add Modify and Delete of Users
– Single Wiring Harness
• Rapid Service Creation – Applications created at the Edge
using standard tools – XML– Time to market
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 7
VoIP Issues?
• Protocol Wars are over …. SIP wins!– Every Copy of XP is SIP enabled– Enterprise .NET server will be a SIP proxy– Every major Enterprise Phone Vendor supports SIP
• SIP Unifies Real-time Communications– Voice
– Text [ Instant Messaging ]
– Video
• Quality of Service Issues now well understood– 802.1p Ethernet Priority Bit
– Remove Hubs – Convert to 10/100 switches
– Overprovision IP transport
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 8
With ENUM, only one
tel:+46-8-971234
mailto:[email protected]
tel:+46-706051234
tel:+46-706051234
Give this number to friends:+46-8-971234
ENUM
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 9
ENUM in a nutshell
• take phone number +46-8-6859131
• turn into domain name 1.3.1.9.5.8.6.8.6.4.e164.arpa.
• return list of URI’ssip:[email protected]
• ask the DNS
mailto:[email protected]
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 10
“Call setup”
ENUM use in more detail
Sipsip:[email protected]
Query1.3.1.9.5.8.6.8.6.4.e164.arpa.?
Dial+4686859131
DNS-Server
Sip serverGateway
Responsesip:[email protected]
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 11
ExampleDNS-Server
InternetPSTN
Cal
led
par
ty
Cal
ling
par
ty
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 12
VoIP via SIP to VoIPDNS-Server
“ENUM”
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 13
PSTN via SIP to VoIPDNS-Server
“ENUM”
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 14
Step 1
• Take an E.164 number and create a fully qualified domain name in a single highly defined and structured domain
• +46-8-971234
• +468971234
• 4.3.2.1.7.9.8.6.4.e164.arpa.
The input to theNAPTR algorithm
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 15
Step 1, Explanation
• Each digit can become a definable and distributed “zone” in DNS terms
• Delegation can (doesn’t have to) happen at every digit, including at last digit
• Zones such as country codes, area codes or primary delegated blocks of numbers can be delegated as well as individual numbers
• DNS defines authoritative name servers for NAPTR/service resource records
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 16
Step 2
• Lookup NAPTR RR’s in DNS, and apply NAPTR/ENUM algorithm4.3.2.1.7.9.8.6.4.e164.arpa.!^.*$!mailto:[email protected]!!^+46(.*)$!ldap://ldap.telco.se/cn=0\1!
• Use rewrite rules using regular expressions which operate on the E.164 number (+468971234)
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 17
Regular Expressions
• For ENUM, the NAPTR regexp field may yield an (unchanged) URL
• !<regexp>!<string>!– “Match <regexp> on original E.164, and
apply rewrite rule <string>”
^ - Match beginning $ - Match end . - Match any character.* - Match any number of any character() - Grouping, \n in <string> is replaced with group number ‘n’ in <regexp>
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 18
Step 2 in detail
• $ORIGIN 4.3.2.1.7.9.8.6.4.e164.arpa.• IN NAPTR 10 10 ”U” ”mailto+E2U”
”!^.*$!mailto:[email protected]!”• IN NAPTR 20 10 ”U” ”ldap+E2U”
”!^+46(.*)$!ldap://ldap.telco.se/cn=0\1”
• Note that no line break should be in the records
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 19
How is this used?
Internet
TelcoPSTN
ISP
IPENUM
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 20
Convergence...
Internet
TelcoPSTN
ISP
IPENUM
ISP
ASP≠ISPWho pays how much to who for what?
ASP
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 21
Payment for IP
Internet
TelcoPSTN
ISP
IP
ISP
Money movestowards the center
ASP
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 22
Payment for Service
Internet
TelcoPSTN
ISP
IP
ISP
Money doesn’t routewell over the Internet
ASP
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 23
Payments
• PSTN– Fixed fee– Termination fee (per minute charge) that follows
the call
• Email– Payment for IP– Payment for both incoming and outgoing
• VoIP– Payment for IP– Payment for both incoming and outgoing
• No termination fees for VoIP!
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 24
Avoid Tromboning
Internet
ISP
ISP
If there is no termination fee for VoIP,
originator want to know where final destination is
PSTN
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 25
Voice Extranet
• Phone numbers only routable over PSTN network
• Enterprise Dialing plans cannot be accessed by Trading Partners
• Connect “Friends and Family” Customers and Suppliers to Single Dialing plan E.164
ENUM
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 26
Voice Intranet
• Enterprises want to use unite global dialing plans across existing VPN and Intranet Links
• ENUM unites them through common administration and access plan
ENUM
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 27
• RFC 2916 published in September 2000• The domain e164.arpa delegated to RIPE
NCC– RIPE NCC appointed by the IAB according to RFC
2916
• ITU SG2/WP1/2 liaison statement:– Member state can inform ITU on entry of numbers
in DNS
Status (done)
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 28
Status (done)
• ENUM Nation-State Application Process Ratified in May 2002
• In short:– Requests sent to RIPE NCC– RIPE NCC announces the request
• On public mailing list
• On web page (http://www.ripe.net/enum/)
• To TSB via electronic mail
– Waiting period 60 days– If no issues
• Do delegation according to request
– If there are issues• Send case to TSB for further investigation
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 29
Status July 1, 2002
• RFC 2916 published in September 2000– New version draft-ietf-enum-rfc2916bis
• Delegations from e164.arpa– 44 (UK)– 43 (Austria)– 49 (Germany)– 87810 (Telekom Austria)– 991001 (Neustar)
• Information at RIPE– http://www.ripe.net/enum/
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 30
National Level
• France issues request for comments from French Telecom Industry
• Swedish regulator PTS issues ENUM roadmap and begins planning for Trials
• Swiss regulator OFFCOM Beginning Industry consultations.
• ETSI – Report on “Management of ENUM in Europe”
• European Commission monitoring ongoing activities
• Japan, USA and others:– Created Industry Forum
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul 31
Conclusion
• Why ENUM?– Given E.164 number, what is the SIP URI?– Given E.164 number, what is email address?
• What is ENUM not?– Routing mechanism
• Still within scope of each protocol, i.e. ENUM is not a competitor with SIP
• Why is ENUM important?– Convergence will happen– Now is the time to talk in a country on how to
handle convergence in the larger picture
Patrik Fältström . Naming and Name Space Workshop. July 22, 2002, Seoul
Patrik Fältströ[email protected]